AIM: To identify the cut-off value for predicting the ability of elderly patients with dysphagia to swallow pureed diets using a new endoscopy scoring method. METHODS: Endoscopic swallowing evaluation of pureed diets ...AIM: To identify the cut-off value for predicting the ability of elderly patients with dysphagia to swallow pureed diets using a new endoscopy scoring method. METHODS: Endoscopic swallowing evaluation of pureed diets were done in patients ≥ 65 years with dysphagia. The Hyodo-Komagane score for endoscopic swallowing evaluation is expressed as the sum(0-12) of four degrees(0-3) with four parameters:(1) salivary pooling in the vallecula and piriform sinuses;(2) the response of glottal closure reflex induced by touching the epiglottis with the endoscope;(3) the location of the bolus at the time of swallow onset assessed by "white-out" following swallowing of test jelly; and(4) pharyngeal clearance after swallowing of test jelly. We used receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis to retrospectively analyze the association between the total score and successful oral intake of pureed diets. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-eight patients were enrolled including 113 men(63%), mean age 83 years(range, 66-98). One hundred and twenty-six patients(71%) were able to eat pureed diets during the observation period(mean ± SD, 19 ± 14 d). In ROC analysis, the cut-off value of the score for eating the pureed diets was 7(sensitivity = 0.98; specificity = 0.91).CONCLUSION: The Hyodo-Komagane endoscopic score is useful to predict the ability to eat pureed diets in elderly patients with dysphagia.展开更多
In order to study the characteristics of pure fly ash-based geopolymer concrete(PFGC)conveniently,we used a machine learning method that can quantify the perception of characteristics to predict its compressive streng...In order to study the characteristics of pure fly ash-based geopolymer concrete(PFGC)conveniently,we used a machine learning method that can quantify the perception of characteristics to predict its compressive strength.In this study,505 groups of data were collected,and a new database of compressive strength of PFGC was constructed.In order to establish an accurate prediction model of compressive strength,five different types of machine learning networks were used for comparative analysis.The five machine learning models all showed good compressive strength prediction performance on PFGC.Among them,R2,MSE,RMSE and MAE of decision tree model(DT)are 0.99,1.58,1.25,and 0.25,respectively.While R2,MSE,RMSE and MAE of random forest model(RF)are 0.97,5.17,2.27 and 1.38,respectively.The two models have high prediction accuracy and outstanding generalization ability.In order to enhance the interpretability of model decision-making,we used importance ranking to obtain the perception of machine learning model to 13 variables.These 13 variables include chemical composition of fly ash(SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3),Si/Al),the ratio of alkaline liquid to the binder,curing temperature,curing durations inside oven,fly ash dosage,fine aggregate dosage,coarse aggregate dosage,extra water dosage and sodium hydroxide dosage.Curing temperature,specimen ages and curing durations inside oven have the greatest influence on the prediction results,indicating that curing conditions have more prominent influence on the compressive strength of PFGC than ordinary Portland cement concrete.The importance of curing conditions of PFGC even exceeds that of the concrete mix proportion,due to the low reactivity of pure fly ash.展开更多
High-performance pure nickel N6/steel 45#composite plate(N6/45#)was prepared using explosive welding technique.The microstructure of the interface and nearby regions was characterized and analyzed by optical microscop...High-performance pure nickel N6/steel 45#composite plate(N6/45#)was prepared using explosive welding technique.The microstructure of the interface and nearby regions was characterized and analyzed by optical microscope,scanning electron microscope,electron backscatter diffraction,and mechanical property testing,and the microstructural features and mechanical properties of the explosive welding interface were explored.The results show that along the direction of explosive welding,the pure nickel N6/steel 45#composite plate interface gradually evolves from a flat bond to a typical wavy bond.The grains at the crests and troughs exhibit high heterogeneity,and the closer to the interface,the finer the grains.Recrystallization and low-stress deformation bands are formed at the bonding interface.Nanoindentation tests reveal that plastic deformation occurs in the interfacial bonding zone,and the nanohardness values in the crest regions are higher than that in the trough regions.The tensile strength of the N6/45#interface is 599.8 MPa,with an average shear strength of 326.3 MPa.No separation phenomenon is observed between N6 and 45#after the bending test.展开更多
This study investigates the fracture behavior of clay-rich mudstone under varying temperature and pressure conditions,which is crucial for the safety of geological structures.It focuses on three fracture types:pure mo...This study investigates the fracture behavior of clay-rich mudstone under varying temperature and pressure conditions,which is crucial for the safety of geological structures.It focuses on three fracture types:pure mode I tensile fractures,pure mode II tensile fractures,and shear fractures,examining specimens at room temperature(RT)and after thermal treatments at 250 and 500℃.The findings reveal that increasing temperatures makes the mudstone more brittle,enhancing fracture velocity,toughness,load-bearing capacity,roughness,and the fracture process zone(FPZ)radius.Notably,tensile fractures induced under pure mode II displayed the highest velocities,while shear fractures exhibited the lowest velocities,smoothest surfaces,and greatest resistance to failure.The application of a confining pressure of 4 MPa significantly improved shear fracture toughness by 119.7%,98.5%and 71.9%at RT,250℃and 500℃,respectively,and reduced roughness by 8.2%,22.4%and 30.4%.This research offers a novel,comprehensive view of how temperature and pressure impact fractures in mudstone sensitive to temperature due to its high clay content and water affinity.The findings provide valuable insights applicable to geothermal energy,oil and gas exploration,and underground construction,thereby enhancing the understanding of fracture mechanics in geological contexts.展开更多
The Kanmuryojukyo(“The Meditation on the Buddha of Infinite Life Sutra”)is among the three principle canons of Pure Land Buddhism(Jpn.Jodo Shu and Jodo Shinshu)along with Amitayus Sutra and the Amitabha Sutra.Althou...The Kanmuryojukyo(“The Meditation on the Buddha of Infinite Life Sutra”)is among the three principle canons of Pure Land Buddhism(Jpn.Jodo Shu and Jodo Shinshu)along with Amitayus Sutra and the Amitabha Sutra.Although the original Sanskrit text was never found,it was translated into Chinese by a monk named Kalayasas in the 5th century and became an influential text in Mahayana Buddhism in East Asia with the help of commentaries written by notable Chinese scholars,such as Shandao in the 7th century.The sutra contains the story of Queen Vaidehi who is imprisoned by her murderous son Ajatasattu and visited by Shakyamuni Buddha in response to her prayer to be born in Amitabha’s pure land.Though in prison,the Buddha tells her how to be liberated and reborn in the pure land by meditating sixteen visualizations.展开更多
Journal overview:Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications(JMRA),formerly Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition(JMRE)created in 1981,one of the transactions of China Society for Industrial and Appli...Journal overview:Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications(JMRA),formerly Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition(JMRE)created in 1981,one of the transactions of China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,is a home for original research papers of the highest quality in all areas of mathematics with applications.The target audience comprises:pure and applied mathematicians,graduate students in broad felds of sciences and technology,scientists and engineers interested in mathematics.展开更多
Pure drug nanomedicines(PDNs)encompass active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs),including macromolecules,biological compounds,and functional components.They overcome research barriers and conversion thresholds associat...Pure drug nanomedicines(PDNs)encompass active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs),including macromolecules,biological compounds,and functional components.They overcome research barriers and conversion thresholds associated with nanocarriers,offering advantages such as high drug loading capacity,synergistic treatment effects,and environmentally friendly production methods.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in PDNs,focusing on their essential components,design theories,and manufacturing techniques.The physicochemical properties and in vivo behaviors of PDNs are thoroughly analyzed to gain an in-depth understanding of their systematic characteristics.The review introduces currently approved PDN products and further explores the opportunities and challenges in expanding their depth and breadth of application.Drug nanocrystals,drug-drug cocrystals(DDCs),antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs),and nanobodies represent the successful commercialization and widespread utilization of PDNs across various disease domains.Self-assembled pure drug nanoparticles(SAPDNPs),a next-generation product,still require extensive translational research.Challenges persist in transitioning from laboratory-scale production to mass manufacturing and overcoming the conversion threshold from laboratory findings to clinical applications.展开更多
Seismic anisotropy has been extensively acknowledged as a crucial element that influences the wave propagation characteristic during wavefield simulation,inversion and imaging.Transversely isotropy(TI)and orthorhombic...Seismic anisotropy has been extensively acknowledged as a crucial element that influences the wave propagation characteristic during wavefield simulation,inversion and imaging.Transversely isotropy(TI)and orthorhombic anisotropy(OA)are two typical categories of anisotropic media in exploration geophysics.In comparison of the elastic wave equations in both TI and OA media,pseudo-acoustic wave equations(PWEs)based on the acoustic assumption can markedly reduce computational cost and complexity.However,the presently available PWEs may experience SV-wave contamination and instability when anisotropic parameters cannot satisfy the approximated condition.Exploiting pure-mode wave equations can effectively resolve the above-mentioned issues and generate pure P-wave events without any artifacts.To further improve the computational accuracy and efficiency,we develop two novel pure qP-wave equations(PPEs)and illustrate the corresponding numerical solutions in the timespace domain for 3D tilted TI(TTI)and tilted OA(TOA)media.First,the rational polynomials are adopted to estimate the exact pure qP-wave dispersion relations,which contain complicated pseudo-differential operators with irrational forms.The polynomial coefficients are produced by applying a linear optimization algorithm to minimize the objective function difference between the expansion formula and the exact one.Then,the developed optimized PPEs are efficiently implemented using the finite-difference(FD)method in the time-space domain by introducing a scalar operator,which can help avoid the problem of spectral-based algorithms and other calculation burdens.Structures of the new equations are concise and corresponding implementation processes are straightforward.Phase velocity analyses indicate that our proposed optimized equations can lead to reliable approximation results.3D synthetic examples demonstrate that our proposed FD-based PPEs can produce accurate and stable P-wave responses,and effectively describe the wavefield features in complicated TTI and TOA media.展开更多
Journal overview:Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications(JMRA),formerly Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition(JMRE)created in 1981,one of the transactions of China Society for Industrial and Appli...Journal overview:Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications(JMRA),formerly Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition(JMRE)created in 1981,one of the transactions of China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,is a home for original research papers of the highest quality in all areas of mathematics with applications.The target audience comprises:pure and applied mathematicians,graduate students in broad fields of sciences and technology,scientists and engineers interested in mathematics.展开更多
Traveling through the vast snow-covered land of Xizang,the sacred plateau,one cannot help but be captivated by the natural grandeur:the azure skies with white clouds,snowy mountains,pure lakes,forests and grasslands w...Traveling through the vast snow-covered land of Xizang,the sacred plateau,one cannot help but be captivated by the natural grandeur:the azure skies with white clouds,snowy mountains,pure lakes,forests and grasslands where herds of sheep and yaks forage and stroll leisurely.展开更多
Pure Mg boasting a relatively small corrosion rate is a potential biodegradable metal material for implants.However,its degradation behavior in the complex physiological environment is still a lack of understanding.In...Pure Mg boasting a relatively small corrosion rate is a potential biodegradable metal material for implants.However,its degradation behavior in the complex physiological environment is still a lack of understanding.In this work,we investigated the effect of corrosion product film layers on the degradation behavior of pure Mg in physiological environments.Pure Mg shows a faster corrosion rate in simulated body fluid(SBF)compared to NaCl solution.Hydrogen evolution experiments indicate that the degradation rate of pure Mg in SBF decreases rapidly within the first 12 h but stabilizes afterward.The rapid deposition of low-solubility calcium phosphate on the pure Mg in SBF provides protection to the substrate,resulting in a gradual decrease in the degradation rates.Consequently,the corrosion product film of pure Mg formed in SBF exhibits a layered structure,with the upper layer consisting of dense Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)/Mg_(3)(PO_(4))_(2) and the lower layer consisting of Mg(OH)_(2)/MgO.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)shows that the resistance of the corrosion product film increases over time,indicating gradual strengthening of the corrosion resistance.The 4-week degradation results in the femoral marrow cavity of mice are consistent with the result in SBF in vitro.展开更多
With the development of renewable energy,electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)has become a potential solution for achieving carbon neutrality.However,until now,due to issues with salt precipitate...With the development of renewable energy,electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)has become a potential solution for achieving carbon neutrality.However,until now,due to issues with salt precipitate and regeneration of the electrolyte,this technology faces challenges such as difficulty in maintaining long-term stable operation and excessive costs.The pure water CO_(2)electrolyzers are believed to be the ultimate solution to eliminate the salt depreciation and electrolyte issues.This study develops an in-situ method tailored for CO_(2)reduction in pure water.By employing distribution of relaxation times(DRT)analysis and in-situ electrochemical active surface area(ECSA)measurements,we carried out a comprehensive investigation into the mass transport and electrochemical active surface area of gas diffusion electrodes(GDE)under pure water conditions.The maximum 89%CO selectivity and high selectivity(>80%)in the range of 0-300 mA/cm^(2)were achieved using commercial Ag nanoparticles by rational design of catalyst layer.We found that ionomers influence the CO_(2)electrolyzers performance via affecting local pH,GDE-membrane interface,and CO_(2)transport,while catalyst loading mainly influences the active area and CO_(2)transport.This work provides benchmark and insights for future pure water CO_(2)electrolyzers development.展开更多
Despite significant progress in the structure and properties of porous absorbing materials,major challenges remain due to complex preparation technology,high production costs,and poor corrosion resistance.In this stud...Despite significant progress in the structure and properties of porous absorbing materials,major challenges remain due to complex preparation technology,high production costs,and poor corrosion resistance.In this study,nanowires were used as the substrate,liquid nitrogen controls ice crystal growth orientation,and ammonia gas facilitates the generation of magnetic substances.The resulting pure magnetic porous foam(PMF)material exhibits enhanced performance in absorbing electromagnetic waves(EMWs)and improved corrosion resistance.The PMF's microstructure was analyzed for its dielectric and magnetic loss characteristics.The PMF combines a porous framework,nanoscale architecture,and exclusive magnetic components to create a lightweight foam absorbent material with enhanced magnetic dissipation capabilities.Among them,the Fe_(4)N PMF demonstrates an impressive minimum reflection loss(RLmin)value of−66.8 dB at a thickness of 1.09 mm,exhibits an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.00 GHz,and shows exceptional corrosion resistance with a self-corrosion potential of−0.65 V.Moreover,the effectiveness of the Fe_(4)N PMF in absorbing intelligent EMWs has been validated through radar cross-section(RCS)simulations.In summary,this study has developed electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials with slim profiles,lightweight properties,strong absorption capabilities,and excellent corrosion resistance.These characteristics make them highly promising for microwave absorption applications.展开更多
Developing metal-free,purely organic photocatalysts with high recyclability and the ability to utilize red light to yield specific reactive oxygen species for aerobic photocatalysis is both crucial and challenging in ...Developing metal-free,purely organic photocatalysts with high recyclability and the ability to utilize red light to yield specific reactive oxygen species for aerobic photocatalysis is both crucial and challenging in current research.Herein,we first found that a type-I photosensitizer,EtNBS-H,can achieve red-light-driven aerobic photocatalysis with remarkable catalytic performance and facile recoverability.Upon irradiation with red light,EtNBS-H exclusively generates O2−•,enabling the efficient hydroxylation of arylboronic acids,and oxidization of thioethers and other substrates with conversion exceeding 99%.Significantly,EtNBS-H stands out for its simple recovery and reuse through a facile pH-tunable acid-base reaction.This allows for the attainment of high-purity products through extraction,and enables the retrieval of the photocatalyst from the reaction medium for subsequent reuse with an average recovery rate exceeding 94%.Moreover,utilizing EtNBS-H as a photocatalyst in the scale-up reaction,the gram-scale products with a yield of>95%and purity of>99%were obtained,highlighting its potential for the guidance of developing recyclable organic photocatalysts that harness red light.This work offers a promising approach for sustainable and large-scale photocatalytic organic synthesis.展开更多
The features of additive manufacturing(AM)have made commercially pure titanium(CP-Ti)an attractive candidate material for biomedical implants.However,achieving high strength and ductility is challenging because of the...The features of additive manufacturing(AM)have made commercially pure titanium(CP-Ti)an attractive candidate material for biomedical implants.However,achieving high strength and ductility is challenging because of the columnar structures and fine martensite formation.This study investigated the effect of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of grade 1 CP-Ti(Gr-1)during the laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF)process.A minute amount of 0.2%mass fraction(wt%)CNTs addition resulted in a high yield strength of approximately 700 MPa and exceptional ductility of 25.7%.Therein,a portion of the CNTs dissolved in the matrix as solute atoms,contributing to solution strengthening,while others were transformed into Ti C_(x)through an in situ reaction with the Ti matrix.Furthermore,the addition of CNTs resulted in the formation of a larger fraction of equiaxed grains and increased the activity of basal and prismatic slip systems.Hence,Gr-1 with CNTs exhibited significantly increased ductility while maintaining a high strength comparable to that of Gr-1 without CNTs.The insights gained from this study provide a novel approach for designing strong and ductile Ti alloys for AM.展开更多
Pure titanium fabricated by powder metallurgy generally encounters problems including low relative density and low strength,which limits its application performance.This work proposed a multi-step pressing(MSP)techniq...Pure titanium fabricated by powder metallurgy generally encounters problems including low relative density and low strength,which limits its application performance.This work proposed a multi-step pressing(MSP)technique for developing highstrength pure titanium.The MSP processes of spherical Ti powders of 15–53μm,53–105μm,and 75–180μm were systematically investigated through multi-particle fnite element method(MPFEM)compared with conventional one-step pressing(OSP)technique.The relative density,phase constitution,microstructure,and compressive mechanical properties of the sintered bulk pure titanium were characterized.Simulation results demonstrate that the MSP technique signifcantly increases the relative density of green compacts by 3.2%,3.3%,and 5.2%,respectively,compared with OSP technique.Experimental results indicate the relative density of the sintered specimens prepared by MSP spherical powders increases by 5.4%,4.5%,and 4.5%,respectively,compared to OSP,and the yield strength improves by 16%,13%,and 18%.For the sintered specimens prepared by MSP irregular powder of 15–53μm,the relative density increases by 6.0%and the yield strength increases by 15%.The enhancement of relative density and yield strength is mainly because the MSP technique mitigates stress concentration between powder particles.Compared to spherical powder,irregular powder exhibits stronger mechanical interlocking owing to the greater propensity for displacement and deformation,which facilitates mutual wedging and interlocking,resulting in superior strength performance.展开更多
Pure magnesium is a very promising material in the fields of biomedical and engineering.Obtaining pure magnesium with superior mechanical properties has consistently been a significant challenge in the area of materia...Pure magnesium is a very promising material in the fields of biomedical and engineering.Obtaining pure magnesium with superior mechanical properties has consistently been a significant challenge in the area of materials science.This study focuses on investigating the processing method and strengthening mechanism of pure magnesium by ultra-precision cutting.The research results show that the pure magnesium grains were significantly refined after ultra-precision cutting.The average grain size reduced from∼24μm to nanometers,and the average nano-hardness increased from 1.02 GPa to 2.82 GPa.Amorphous pure magnesium structure and body-centered cubic(BCC)lattice pure magnesium were reported.Molecular dynamics(MD)simulation confirmed that the high shear strain and hydrostatic pressure during ultra-precision cutting was the origin of amorphization and lattice transformation.The amorphous phase and a significant number of long-period stacking-ordered(LPSO)phases inside the pure magnesium were responsible for the high hardness after ultra-precision cutting.展开更多
Journal overview:Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications(JMRA),formerly Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition(JMRE)created in 1981,one of the transactions of China Society for Industrial and Appli...Journal overview:Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications(JMRA),formerly Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition(JMRE)created in 1981,one of the transactions of China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,is a home for original research papers of the highest quality in all areas of mathematics with applications.The target audience comprises:pure and applied mathematicians,graduate students in broad fields of sciences and technology,scientists and engineers interested in mathematics.展开更多
Journal overview:Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications(JMRA),formerly Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition(JMRE)created in 1981,one of the transactions of China Society for Industrial and Appli...Journal overview:Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications(JMRA),formerly Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition(JMRE)created in 1981,one of the transactions of China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,is a home for original research papers of the highest quality in all areas of mathematics with applications.The target audience comprises:pure and applied mathematicians,graduate students in broad fields of sciences and technology,scientists and engineers interested in mathematics.展开更多
文摘AIM: To identify the cut-off value for predicting the ability of elderly patients with dysphagia to swallow pureed diets using a new endoscopy scoring method. METHODS: Endoscopic swallowing evaluation of pureed diets were done in patients ≥ 65 years with dysphagia. The Hyodo-Komagane score for endoscopic swallowing evaluation is expressed as the sum(0-12) of four degrees(0-3) with four parameters:(1) salivary pooling in the vallecula and piriform sinuses;(2) the response of glottal closure reflex induced by touching the epiglottis with the endoscope;(3) the location of the bolus at the time of swallow onset assessed by "white-out" following swallowing of test jelly; and(4) pharyngeal clearance after swallowing of test jelly. We used receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis to retrospectively analyze the association between the total score and successful oral intake of pureed diets. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-eight patients were enrolled including 113 men(63%), mean age 83 years(range, 66-98). One hundred and twenty-six patients(71%) were able to eat pureed diets during the observation period(mean ± SD, 19 ± 14 d). In ROC analysis, the cut-off value of the score for eating the pureed diets was 7(sensitivity = 0.98; specificity = 0.91).CONCLUSION: The Hyodo-Komagane endoscopic score is useful to predict the ability to eat pureed diets in elderly patients with dysphagia.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52109168)。
文摘In order to study the characteristics of pure fly ash-based geopolymer concrete(PFGC)conveniently,we used a machine learning method that can quantify the perception of characteristics to predict its compressive strength.In this study,505 groups of data were collected,and a new database of compressive strength of PFGC was constructed.In order to establish an accurate prediction model of compressive strength,five different types of machine learning networks were used for comparative analysis.The five machine learning models all showed good compressive strength prediction performance on PFGC.Among them,R2,MSE,RMSE and MAE of decision tree model(DT)are 0.99,1.58,1.25,and 0.25,respectively.While R2,MSE,RMSE and MAE of random forest model(RF)are 0.97,5.17,2.27 and 1.38,respectively.The two models have high prediction accuracy and outstanding generalization ability.In order to enhance the interpretability of model decision-making,we used importance ranking to obtain the perception of machine learning model to 13 variables.These 13 variables include chemical composition of fly ash(SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3),Si/Al),the ratio of alkaline liquid to the binder,curing temperature,curing durations inside oven,fly ash dosage,fine aggregate dosage,coarse aggregate dosage,extra water dosage and sodium hydroxide dosage.Curing temperature,specimen ages and curing durations inside oven have the greatest influence on the prediction results,indicating that curing conditions have more prominent influence on the compressive strength of PFGC than ordinary Portland cement concrete.The importance of curing conditions of PFGC even exceeds that of the concrete mix proportion,due to the low reactivity of pure fly ash.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(202203021221149)Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province(202302010101006,202202150401016)+1 种基金Scientific Research Start-up Fund for the Introduction of Talents in Shanxi Institute of Electronic Science and Technology(2023RKJ021)Key R&D Program of Linfen City(2334)。
文摘High-performance pure nickel N6/steel 45#composite plate(N6/45#)was prepared using explosive welding technique.The microstructure of the interface and nearby regions was characterized and analyzed by optical microscope,scanning electron microscope,electron backscatter diffraction,and mechanical property testing,and the microstructural features and mechanical properties of the explosive welding interface were explored.The results show that along the direction of explosive welding,the pure nickel N6/steel 45#composite plate interface gradually evolves from a flat bond to a typical wavy bond.The grains at the crests and troughs exhibit high heterogeneity,and the closer to the interface,the finer the grains.Recrystallization and low-stress deformation bands are formed at the bonding interface.Nanoindentation tests reveal that plastic deformation occurs in the interfacial bonding zone,and the nanohardness values in the crest regions are higher than that in the trough regions.The tensile strength of the N6/45#interface is 599.8 MPa,with an average shear strength of 326.3 MPa.No separation phenomenon is observed between N6 and 45#after the bending test.
基金Projects(19300604,19300751)supported by the ORSP at Abu Dhabi University,UAE。
文摘This study investigates the fracture behavior of clay-rich mudstone under varying temperature and pressure conditions,which is crucial for the safety of geological structures.It focuses on three fracture types:pure mode I tensile fractures,pure mode II tensile fractures,and shear fractures,examining specimens at room temperature(RT)and after thermal treatments at 250 and 500℃.The findings reveal that increasing temperatures makes the mudstone more brittle,enhancing fracture velocity,toughness,load-bearing capacity,roughness,and the fracture process zone(FPZ)radius.Notably,tensile fractures induced under pure mode II displayed the highest velocities,while shear fractures exhibited the lowest velocities,smoothest surfaces,and greatest resistance to failure.The application of a confining pressure of 4 MPa significantly improved shear fracture toughness by 119.7%,98.5%and 71.9%at RT,250℃and 500℃,respectively,and reduced roughness by 8.2%,22.4%and 30.4%.This research offers a novel,comprehensive view of how temperature and pressure impact fractures in mudstone sensitive to temperature due to its high clay content and water affinity.The findings provide valuable insights applicable to geothermal energy,oil and gas exploration,and underground construction,thereby enhancing the understanding of fracture mechanics in geological contexts.
文摘The Kanmuryojukyo(“The Meditation on the Buddha of Infinite Life Sutra”)is among the three principle canons of Pure Land Buddhism(Jpn.Jodo Shu and Jodo Shinshu)along with Amitayus Sutra and the Amitabha Sutra.Although the original Sanskrit text was never found,it was translated into Chinese by a monk named Kalayasas in the 5th century and became an influential text in Mahayana Buddhism in East Asia with the help of commentaries written by notable Chinese scholars,such as Shandao in the 7th century.The sutra contains the story of Queen Vaidehi who is imprisoned by her murderous son Ajatasattu and visited by Shakyamuni Buddha in response to her prayer to be born in Amitabha’s pure land.Though in prison,the Buddha tells her how to be liberated and reborn in the pure land by meditating sixteen visualizations.
文摘Journal overview:Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications(JMRA),formerly Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition(JMRE)created in 1981,one of the transactions of China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,is a home for original research papers of the highest quality in all areas of mathematics with applications.The target audience comprises:pure and applied mathematicians,graduate students in broad felds of sciences and technology,scientists and engineers interested in mathematics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82073782 and 82241002)。
文摘Pure drug nanomedicines(PDNs)encompass active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs),including macromolecules,biological compounds,and functional components.They overcome research barriers and conversion thresholds associated with nanocarriers,offering advantages such as high drug loading capacity,synergistic treatment effects,and environmentally friendly production methods.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in PDNs,focusing on their essential components,design theories,and manufacturing techniques.The physicochemical properties and in vivo behaviors of PDNs are thoroughly analyzed to gain an in-depth understanding of their systematic characteristics.The review introduces currently approved PDN products and further explores the opportunities and challenges in expanding their depth and breadth of application.Drug nanocrystals,drug-drug cocrystals(DDCs),antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs),and nanobodies represent the successful commercialization and widespread utilization of PDNs across various disease domains.Self-assembled pure drug nanoparticles(SAPDNPs),a next-generation product,still require extensive translational research.Challenges persist in transitioning from laboratory-scale production to mass manufacturing and overcoming the conversion threshold from laboratory findings to clinical applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA0716902)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under contract number 42374149 and 42004119National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD1002907)。
文摘Seismic anisotropy has been extensively acknowledged as a crucial element that influences the wave propagation characteristic during wavefield simulation,inversion and imaging.Transversely isotropy(TI)and orthorhombic anisotropy(OA)are two typical categories of anisotropic media in exploration geophysics.In comparison of the elastic wave equations in both TI and OA media,pseudo-acoustic wave equations(PWEs)based on the acoustic assumption can markedly reduce computational cost and complexity.However,the presently available PWEs may experience SV-wave contamination and instability when anisotropic parameters cannot satisfy the approximated condition.Exploiting pure-mode wave equations can effectively resolve the above-mentioned issues and generate pure P-wave events without any artifacts.To further improve the computational accuracy and efficiency,we develop two novel pure qP-wave equations(PPEs)and illustrate the corresponding numerical solutions in the timespace domain for 3D tilted TI(TTI)and tilted OA(TOA)media.First,the rational polynomials are adopted to estimate the exact pure qP-wave dispersion relations,which contain complicated pseudo-differential operators with irrational forms.The polynomial coefficients are produced by applying a linear optimization algorithm to minimize the objective function difference between the expansion formula and the exact one.Then,the developed optimized PPEs are efficiently implemented using the finite-difference(FD)method in the time-space domain by introducing a scalar operator,which can help avoid the problem of spectral-based algorithms and other calculation burdens.Structures of the new equations are concise and corresponding implementation processes are straightforward.Phase velocity analyses indicate that our proposed optimized equations can lead to reliable approximation results.3D synthetic examples demonstrate that our proposed FD-based PPEs can produce accurate and stable P-wave responses,and effectively describe the wavefield features in complicated TTI and TOA media.
文摘Journal overview:Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications(JMRA),formerly Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition(JMRE)created in 1981,one of the transactions of China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,is a home for original research papers of the highest quality in all areas of mathematics with applications.The target audience comprises:pure and applied mathematicians,graduate students in broad fields of sciences and technology,scientists and engineers interested in mathematics.
文摘Traveling through the vast snow-covered land of Xizang,the sacred plateau,one cannot help but be captivated by the natural grandeur:the azure skies with white clouds,snowy mountains,pure lakes,forests and grasslands where herds of sheep and yaks forage and stroll leisurely.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52127801)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number GZC20231545,China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024T170557 and 2023M742224)+1 种基金Shanghai Post-doctoral Excellence Program(No.2023440)City University of Hong Kong Donation Grants(DON-RMG No.9229021 and 9220061).
文摘Pure Mg boasting a relatively small corrosion rate is a potential biodegradable metal material for implants.However,its degradation behavior in the complex physiological environment is still a lack of understanding.In this work,we investigated the effect of corrosion product film layers on the degradation behavior of pure Mg in physiological environments.Pure Mg shows a faster corrosion rate in simulated body fluid(SBF)compared to NaCl solution.Hydrogen evolution experiments indicate that the degradation rate of pure Mg in SBF decreases rapidly within the first 12 h but stabilizes afterward.The rapid deposition of low-solubility calcium phosphate on the pure Mg in SBF provides protection to the substrate,resulting in a gradual decrease in the degradation rates.Consequently,the corrosion product film of pure Mg formed in SBF exhibits a layered structure,with the upper layer consisting of dense Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)/Mg_(3)(PO_(4))_(2) and the lower layer consisting of Mg(OH)_(2)/MgO.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)shows that the resistance of the corrosion product film increases over time,indicating gradual strengthening of the corrosion resistance.The 4-week degradation results in the femoral marrow cavity of mice are consistent with the result in SBF in vitro.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52394204)by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project。
文摘With the development of renewable energy,electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)has become a potential solution for achieving carbon neutrality.However,until now,due to issues with salt precipitate and regeneration of the electrolyte,this technology faces challenges such as difficulty in maintaining long-term stable operation and excessive costs.The pure water CO_(2)electrolyzers are believed to be the ultimate solution to eliminate the salt depreciation and electrolyte issues.This study develops an in-situ method tailored for CO_(2)reduction in pure water.By employing distribution of relaxation times(DRT)analysis and in-situ electrochemical active surface area(ECSA)measurements,we carried out a comprehensive investigation into the mass transport and electrochemical active surface area of gas diffusion electrodes(GDE)under pure water conditions.The maximum 89%CO selectivity and high selectivity(>80%)in the range of 0-300 mA/cm^(2)were achieved using commercial Ag nanoparticles by rational design of catalyst layer.We found that ionomers influence the CO_(2)electrolyzers performance via affecting local pH,GDE-membrane interface,and CO_(2)transport,while catalyst loading mainly influences the active area and CO_(2)transport.This work provides benchmark and insights for future pure water CO_(2)electrolyzers development.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52471212)the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2022YFE0109800).
文摘Despite significant progress in the structure and properties of porous absorbing materials,major challenges remain due to complex preparation technology,high production costs,and poor corrosion resistance.In this study,nanowires were used as the substrate,liquid nitrogen controls ice crystal growth orientation,and ammonia gas facilitates the generation of magnetic substances.The resulting pure magnetic porous foam(PMF)material exhibits enhanced performance in absorbing electromagnetic waves(EMWs)and improved corrosion resistance.The PMF's microstructure was analyzed for its dielectric and magnetic loss characteristics.The PMF combines a porous framework,nanoscale architecture,and exclusive magnetic components to create a lightweight foam absorbent material with enhanced magnetic dissipation capabilities.Among them,the Fe_(4)N PMF demonstrates an impressive minimum reflection loss(RLmin)value of−66.8 dB at a thickness of 1.09 mm,exhibits an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.00 GHz,and shows exceptional corrosion resistance with a self-corrosion potential of−0.65 V.Moreover,the effectiveness of the Fe_(4)N PMF in absorbing intelligent EMWs has been validated through radar cross-section(RCS)simulations.In summary,this study has developed electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials with slim profiles,lightweight properties,strong absorption capabilities,and excellent corrosion resistance.These characteristics make them highly promising for microwave absorption applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1505900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22105016,22275010 and 52002015).
文摘Developing metal-free,purely organic photocatalysts with high recyclability and the ability to utilize red light to yield specific reactive oxygen species for aerobic photocatalysis is both crucial and challenging in current research.Herein,we first found that a type-I photosensitizer,EtNBS-H,can achieve red-light-driven aerobic photocatalysis with remarkable catalytic performance and facile recoverability.Upon irradiation with red light,EtNBS-H exclusively generates O2−•,enabling the efficient hydroxylation of arylboronic acids,and oxidization of thioethers and other substrates with conversion exceeding 99%.Significantly,EtNBS-H stands out for its simple recovery and reuse through a facile pH-tunable acid-base reaction.This allows for the attainment of high-purity products through extraction,and enables the retrieval of the photocatalyst from the reaction medium for subsequent reuse with an average recovery rate exceeding 94%.Moreover,utilizing EtNBS-H as a photocatalyst in the scale-up reaction,the gram-scale products with a yield of>95%and purity of>99%were obtained,highlighting its potential for the guidance of developing recyclable organic photocatalysts that harness red light.This work offers a promising approach for sustainable and large-scale photocatalytic organic synthesis.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2022YFB4601000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2042023kf0103)the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy,Korea(No.20013095)。
文摘The features of additive manufacturing(AM)have made commercially pure titanium(CP-Ti)an attractive candidate material for biomedical implants.However,achieving high strength and ductility is challenging because of the columnar structures and fine martensite formation.This study investigated the effect of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of grade 1 CP-Ti(Gr-1)during the laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF)process.A minute amount of 0.2%mass fraction(wt%)CNTs addition resulted in a high yield strength of approximately 700 MPa and exceptional ductility of 25.7%.Therein,a portion of the CNTs dissolved in the matrix as solute atoms,contributing to solution strengthening,while others were transformed into Ti C_(x)through an in situ reaction with the Ti matrix.Furthermore,the addition of CNTs resulted in the formation of a larger fraction of equiaxed grains and increased the activity of basal and prismatic slip systems.Hence,Gr-1 with CNTs exhibited significantly increased ductility while maintaining a high strength comparable to that of Gr-1 without CNTs.The insights gained from this study provide a novel approach for designing strong and ductile Ti alloys for AM.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52404382)the Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province(No.2023-YBGY-090).
文摘Pure titanium fabricated by powder metallurgy generally encounters problems including low relative density and low strength,which limits its application performance.This work proposed a multi-step pressing(MSP)technique for developing highstrength pure titanium.The MSP processes of spherical Ti powders of 15–53μm,53–105μm,and 75–180μm were systematically investigated through multi-particle fnite element method(MPFEM)compared with conventional one-step pressing(OSP)technique.The relative density,phase constitution,microstructure,and compressive mechanical properties of the sintered bulk pure titanium were characterized.Simulation results demonstrate that the MSP technique signifcantly increases the relative density of green compacts by 3.2%,3.3%,and 5.2%,respectively,compared with OSP technique.Experimental results indicate the relative density of the sintered specimens prepared by MSP spherical powders increases by 5.4%,4.5%,and 4.5%,respectively,compared to OSP,and the yield strength improves by 16%,13%,and 18%.For the sintered specimens prepared by MSP irregular powder of 15–53μm,the relative density increases by 6.0%and the yield strength increases by 15%.The enhancement of relative density and yield strength is mainly because the MSP technique mitigates stress concentration between powder particles.Compared to spherical powder,irregular powder exhibits stronger mechanical interlocking owing to the greater propensity for displacement and deformation,which facilitates mutual wedging and interlocking,resulting in superior strength performance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52175430 and 52105478)for their support of this work.
文摘Pure magnesium is a very promising material in the fields of biomedical and engineering.Obtaining pure magnesium with superior mechanical properties has consistently been a significant challenge in the area of materials science.This study focuses on investigating the processing method and strengthening mechanism of pure magnesium by ultra-precision cutting.The research results show that the pure magnesium grains were significantly refined after ultra-precision cutting.The average grain size reduced from∼24μm to nanometers,and the average nano-hardness increased from 1.02 GPa to 2.82 GPa.Amorphous pure magnesium structure and body-centered cubic(BCC)lattice pure magnesium were reported.Molecular dynamics(MD)simulation confirmed that the high shear strain and hydrostatic pressure during ultra-precision cutting was the origin of amorphization and lattice transformation.The amorphous phase and a significant number of long-period stacking-ordered(LPSO)phases inside the pure magnesium were responsible for the high hardness after ultra-precision cutting.
文摘Journal overview:Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications(JMRA),formerly Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition(JMRE)created in 1981,one of the transactions of China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,is a home for original research papers of the highest quality in all areas of mathematics with applications.The target audience comprises:pure and applied mathematicians,graduate students in broad fields of sciences and technology,scientists and engineers interested in mathematics.
文摘Journal overview:Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications(JMRA),formerly Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition(JMRE)created in 1981,one of the transactions of China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,is a home for original research papers of the highest quality in all areas of mathematics with applications.The target audience comprises:pure and applied mathematicians,graduate students in broad fields of sciences and technology,scientists and engineers interested in mathematics.
