Ship outfitting is a key process in shipbuilding.Efficient and high-quality ship outfitting is a top priority for modern shipyards.These activities are conducted at different stations of shipyards.The outfitting plan ...Ship outfitting is a key process in shipbuilding.Efficient and high-quality ship outfitting is a top priority for modern shipyards.These activities are conducted at different stations of shipyards.The outfitting plan is one of the crucial issues in shipbuilding.In this paper,production scheduling and material ordering with endogenous uncertainty of the outfitting process are investigated.The uncertain factors in outfitting equipment production are usually decision-related,which leads to difficulties in addressing uncertainties in the outfitting production workshops before production is conducted according to plan.This uncertainty is regarded as endogenous uncertainty and can be treated as non-anticipativity constraints in the model.To address this problem,a stochastic two-stage programming model with endogenous uncertainty is established to optimize the outfitting job scheduling and raw material ordering process.A practical case of the shipyard of China Merchants Heavy Industry Co.,Ltd.is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.Satisfactory results are achieved at the lowest expected total cost as the complete kit rate of outfitting equipment is improved and emergency replenishment is reduced.展开更多
China introduces a range of policies aimed at elevating the role of consumption as a growth driver.Foreign tourists landing in China now have one more reason to spend.With the roll-out of a new“refund-upon-purchase”...China introduces a range of policies aimed at elevating the role of consumption as a growth driver.Foreign tourists landing in China now have one more reason to spend.With the roll-out of a new“refund-upon-purchase”tax rebate scheme,shopping has never been more convenient for overseas visitors.展开更多
Background of the study:The Bangladeshi cosmetics market has witnessed significant growth in recent years,driven by changing consumer lifestyles,increased disposable incomes,and rising awareness of personal grooming.T...Background of the study:The Bangladeshi cosmetics market has witnessed significant growth in recent years,driven by changing consumer lifestyles,increased disposable incomes,and rising awareness of personal grooming.The study investigates the impact of content cues which influence on purchasing intention towards cosmetic brands in Bangladesh.Purpose:The basic purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing consumers’purchasing intentions for cosmetic brands in Bangladesh.Specifically,the study explored the roles of various cosmetic-related attributes and their impact on purchasing intentions within the context of Bangladesh’s cosmetic industry.Research methods:A quantitative research approach was adopted,and data were collected through a structured survey targeting Bangladeshi consumers who frequently engage with cosmetic products.All the valid responses were analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0 to perform structural equation modeling.Research findings:The findings revealed that trust in cosmetic brands and competitive pricing significantly influence consumers’purchasing intentions,highlighting the importance of fostering trust and affordability.However,certain constructs,such as ethnocentric tendencies and concerns about ingredient safety,showed limited impact on consumers’decisions.Conclusion:This study contributes to the existing literature by offering empirical insights into the Bangladeshi context,particularly within the rapidly growing cosmetics market.The findings provide actionable recommendations for cosmetic brands aiming to strengthen their market position through trust-building initiatives,competitive pricing strategies,and educational campaigns to enhance consumer awareness.These insights are particularly relevant for marketing practitioners seeking to understand and respond to the unique dynamics of the Bangladeshi cosmetics industry.展开更多
Everyone experiences learning new things in their lives,and I am no exception.Today,I want to share my journey of learning how to skateboard.I still remember the summer vacation when I was seven years old.One day,I sa...Everyone experiences learning new things in their lives,and I am no exception.Today,I want to share my journey of learning how to skateboard.I still remember the summer vacation when I was seven years old.One day,I saw some older kids skating in our neighborhood,zooming back and forth on their skateboards.“Wow!They look so cool!”I thought to myself.I immediately decided that I wanted to try it too,so I begged-level my mom to buy me a beginner-level skateboard.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to analyze factors affecting the purchasing behavior of low-income Vietnamese on e-commerce platforms.700 questionnaires were dispersed among universities,coffee shops,and Facebook communi...The purpose of this study is to analyze factors affecting the purchasing behavior of low-income Vietnamese on e-commerce platforms.700 questionnaires were dispersed among universities,coffee shops,and Facebook community groups in Vietnam.Respondents to the questionnaires were consumers of those places in Vietnam,which were randomly selected.Finally,SEM analysis was used on the data to test the hypotheses of the study.The study identified that“Subjective norms”and“Consumer attitudes”have no effect on shopping behavior on e-commerce platforms,while“Perceived behavioral control”is most affected and“Perceived risks”are least affected on shopping behavior.展开更多
49.2% In November,the Purchasing Managers'Index (PMI) for the manufacturing sector reached 49.2%,up 0.2%from the previous month.The modest rebound in the PMI indicates a slight improvement in the sector's over...49.2% In November,the Purchasing Managers'Index (PMI) for the manufacturing sector reached 49.2%,up 0.2%from the previous month.The modest rebound in the PMI indicates a slight improvement in the sector's overall business climate.展开更多
Social media has emerged as a major global influence on consumer behavior in recent years.User-generated,interactive content is made possible by platforms like Facebook,Instagram,YouTube,and TikTok,and it has a big im...Social media has emerged as a major global influence on consumer behavior in recent years.User-generated,interactive content is made possible by platforms like Facebook,Instagram,YouTube,and TikTok,and it has a big impact on opinions and buying decisions.Therefore,the objective of this research was to examine the influence of social media(online reviews,social media influencers,eWOM,advertisements,social media usage laws,and information)on consumers’purchase decisions of electronic products.Guided by the theory of planned behavior and social influence theory,a quantitative approach was used,with data collected via a structured questionnaire from 150 respondents over four weeks.Analysis was conducted using SPSS 30.SPSS analysis demonstrated that social media usage laws and social media influencers had a strong positive correlation with consumers’purchase decisions,highlighting their pivotal role in shaping preferences and disseminating information.Reliable and accessible product information also emerged as a significant predictor of consumer choices.In contrast,online reviews,eWOM,and advertisements exhibited minimal influence within this context or might have adverse influence.This article provides guidelines for electronic products to prioritize social media strategies,invest in high-quality information dissemination,and leverage influencer partnerships to effectively engage consumers and drive sales.展开更多
In the contemporary digital landscape,the proliferation of information has led to an increasing diversity of channels through which consumers obtain information,resulting in a gradual transformation of shopping habits...In the contemporary digital landscape,the proliferation of information has led to an increasing diversity of channels through which consumers obtain information,resulting in a gradual transformation of shopping habits.Consumers now frequently rely on external sources to make well-informed purchasing decisions,leading to the emergence of live shopping as a prominent avenue for gathering product information and completing transactions.E-commerce live streaming has experienced rapid growth,leveraging its ability to generate traffic and capture consumer attention.The integration of content and live streaming not only meets users’psychological needs but also facilitates seamless communication between buyers and sellers.From the perspective of content marketing typologies,this paper examines content marketing across three key dimensions:informational content,entertainment content,and emotional content.It further explores the impact of content marketing on consumers’purchase intentions within the context of e-commerce live streaming.展开更多
On July 17,2024,Chinese electric vehicle manufacturer GAC International opened a smart factory in Rayong Province,Thailand.The next day,then Prime Minister of Thailand Saita Thawaixin met with a delegation led by Zeng...On July 17,2024,Chinese electric vehicle manufacturer GAC International opened a smart factory in Rayong Province,Thailand.The next day,then Prime Minister of Thailand Saita Thawaixin met with a delegation led by Zeng Qinghong,chairman of GAC Group.He encouraged GAC to purchase various spare parts in Thailand to enhance Thailand’s position in the global electric vehicle industry supply chain.“Thailand has a favorable business environment,”Zeng responded.“As the location of GAC’s first wholly-owned overseas facility,it was our premier choice.”展开更多
This paper analyzes North American shifts in renewable energy finance and building energy technologies from 2022 to 2025.Fueled by net-zero targets and policy incentives,clean energy investment now surpasses fossil fu...This paper analyzes North American shifts in renewable energy finance and building energy technologies from 2022 to 2025.Fueled by net-zero targets and policy incentives,clean energy investment now surpasses fossil fuel spending.We examine key financial tools—green bonds,corporate power purchase agreements(PPAs),public-private partnerships,and tax credits—and parallel advances in smart meters,grid-interactive efficient buildings,battery storage,heat pumps,and net-zero construction.Through case studies of municipal retrofit financing,integrated smart homes,and net-zero campuses,we illustrate emerging finance-technology-policy ecosystems poised to accelerate the energy transition and bolster climate resilience.展开更多
In order to improve the purchased goods quality management level of food processing enterprises, the causes of quality management problems were ana- lyzed, which were classified into four categories, namely, natural t...In order to improve the purchased goods quality management level of food processing enterprises, the causes of quality management problems were ana- lyzed, which were classified into four categories, namely, natural toxins in raw ma- terials, quality problems in planting and breeding, quality problems in transportation, quality problems in delivery acceptance. Then, based on the causes, eight measures to improve goods purchasing management were put forward, and graphs were used to illustrate the corresponding countermeasure to each cause. This study is of theo- retical significance for the food processing enterprises to improve the quality man- agement of purchased goods through formulating improvement measures based on their operating states.展开更多
A two-period duopoly model is developed to examine the competitive effects of targeted advertising with customer recognition （TACR）. In the model, two competing firms sell goods to end consumers in the first period,...A two-period duopoly model is developed to examine the competitive effects of targeted advertising with customer recognition （TACR）. In the model, two competing firms sell goods to end consumers in the first period, during which customer recognition is obtained. In the second period, advertising can be targeted toward different consumer types. Advertising is assumed to be persuasive in the way that consumer valuation is increased. Equilibrium decisions and profits in each period are derived, showing that the firm who loses the current competition will win in the future. As a result, forward-looking firms price less aggressively so that their long-term profits can be enhanced with the help of TACR. Particularly, TACR improves profits through three important effects： valuation increasing, customer poaching, and anti-competition. Finally, this paper investigates the welfare issues, showing that firms enhance profits at the expense of consumer surplus. It is, therefore, suggested that public sectors take a step to protect consumers with the rapid development of targeting technology.展开更多
BACKGROUND:It has been demonstrated that mild hypothermia has obvious protective effect on both whole and local cerebral ischemia.However,the definite mechanism is still unclear for the brain protection of mild hypoth...BACKGROUND:It has been demonstrated that mild hypothermia has obvious protective effect on both whole and local cerebral ischemia.However,the definite mechanism is still unclear for the brain protection of mild hypothermia on cerebral edema,inhibiting inflammatory reaction,stabilizing blood brain barrier,etc.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of mild hypothermia on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and the infarct volume after cerebral ischemia in rats,and analyze the brain protective mechanism of mild hypothermia.DESIGN:A randomized grouping and controlled animal trial.SETTING:Department of Neurology,People’s Hospital of Yunyang Medical College.MATERIALS:Twenty adult male SD rats of clean degree,weighing(250±30)g,were provided by the animal experimental center,School of Medicine,Wuhan University.The kits for SP immunohistochemistry were purchased from Beijing Zhongshan Golden Bridge Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.METHODS:The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of Department of Neurology,Renmen Hospital of Wuhan University from May to July 2005.①The 20 rats were divided randomly into normal temperature group(n=10)and mild hypothermia group(n=10).Models of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion were established with modified nylon suture embolization.The rats were assessed with the Longa standards:0 point for without nerve dysfunction;1 for mild neurological deficit(fore claws could no extend completely);2 for moderate neurological deficit(circling towards the affected side);3 for severe neurological deficit(tilting towards the affected side);4 for coma and unconscious;1-3 points represented that models were successfully established.The rats of the normal temperature group were fed at room temperature,and those in the mild hypothermia group were induced by hypothermia from 2 hours postoperatively,and the rectal temperature was kept at 34-35℃for 72 hours.②Measurement of infarct volume:All the rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection overdose sodium pentobarbital 7 days postoperatively,and then the heads were cut down to harvest brain.The brain tissues were placed into-20℃refrigerator for 20 minutes,coronal sections of 2 mm were prepared.The infarct sites were not stained,whereas normal brain tissues were stained as red.The infarct volumes were calculated by using MPLAS-500 multimedia color pathological image&word analytical system.③Counting positive cells of vascular endothelial growth factor protein:The brains were harvested by cutting heads,then coronal sections of 2 mm were prepared.Routine dehydration,hyalinization,wax immersion and embedding were performed,then the detected with SP immunohistochemistry,the kits were purchased from Beijing Zhongshan Golden Bridge Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.The cells whose cytoplasm was yellow-brown were positive ones,a single sample as a unit,peri-ischemic site and ischemic core were selected,and the corresponding sites in controlateral hemisphere were taken as controls.Five visual fields were selected from each site to be observed under microscope,the cells were counted,and the average number of positive cells was calculated in each group.The numbers of positive cells were determined with the image analytical apparatus.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Number of the positive cells of vascular endothelial growth factor protein;Infarct volume of rat brain tissue.RESULTS:All the 20 rats were involved in the analysis of results.①Number of positive cells of vascular endothelial growth factor protein in brain tissue:It was obviously lower in the mild hypothermia group than in the normal temperature group[(24.02±5.05),(36.07±2.69)cells/high power visual field,P<0.01].②Comparison of infarct volume of brain tissue:After MCAO,it was obviously smaller in the mild hypothermia group than in the normal temperature group[(153.25±23.14),(253.45±36.21)mm3,P<0.01].CONCLUSION:Mild hypothermia can inhibit the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and decrease the volume of cerebral infarction.The inhibition of mild hypothermia on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor may be one of the brain protective mechanisms.展开更多
This paper presents a mathematical model for components/parts unification (CPU) policy. This model considers two components/parts that are functionally interchangeable but purchased from suppliers with different price...This paper presents a mathematical model for components/parts unification (CPU) policy. This model considers two components/parts that are functionally interchangeable but purchased from suppliers with different prices and quality characteristics. Because of the buyer's quality preference and suppliers' discount rates for bulky purchases, the model assists the procurement manager to determine how best to purchase the components/parts to meet its demand while minimizing the total acquisition costs.展开更多
Introduction Cells can sense and respond to the mechanical microenvironment by converting forces into biochemical signals inside the cells,i.e.mechanotransduction<sup>[1-3]</sup>.Focal adhesions are the ma...Introduction Cells can sense and respond to the mechanical microenvironment by converting forces into biochemical signals inside the cells,i.e.mechanotransduction<sup>[1-3]</sup>.Focal adhesions are the major sites of interaction between a cell and its extracellular matrix（ECM）microenvironment,thus outside mechanical signals can be sensed at focal adhesions through transmembrane receptor integrins.In particular,it has been shown that matrix elasticity can control the cell fate<sup>[4]</sup>by modulating the interactions between ECM proteins and their receptor integrins<sup>[5,6]</sup>.For example,different rigidity of polyacrylamide（PA）gels can lead to different density of ECM ancho-展开更多
A set of model is established to optimize BSW Company’s component stock. By analyzing the company’s current part stock condition in terms of the occupation of capitals in the precondition of continuous production, i...A set of model is established to optimize BSW Company’s component stock. By analyzing the company’s current part stock condition in terms of the occupation of capitals in the precondition of continuous production, it describes how to control the purchase parameters of import parts. The model describes how to adjust slightly product output sequence and how to control the components’ purchase parameters: purchasing risk time and purchase order quantity. Then simulation is developed to illustrate the model.展开更多
As more and more sophisticated medical equipment being purchased by hospi-tals,the selection is becoming an increasingly complex and important process.Usu-ally there are three steps in the selection process: planning,...As more and more sophisticated medical equipment being purchased by hospi-tals,the selection is becoming an increasingly complex and important process.Usu-ally there are three steps in the selection process: planning,feasibility and model se-lection evaluation.Model selection evalution is the most complex stage.The consid-展开更多
Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment,Print ISSN 1004-2857,Online ISSN 2325-4262,Volume 13,2015.Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment(www.tandfonline.com/tpre)is a peer-reviewed jou...Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment,Print ISSN 1004-2857,Online ISSN 2325-4262,Volume 13,2015.Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment(www.tandfonline.com/tpre)is a peer-reviewed journal published in March,June,September,and December by Taylor&hrancis,4 Park Square,Milton Park,Abingdon,Oxon,OX14 4RN,UK.展开更多
Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment,Print ISSN 1004-2857,Online ISSN 2325-4262,Volume 13,2015.Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment(www.tandfonline.com/tpre)is a peer-reviewed jou...Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment,Print ISSN 1004-2857,Online ISSN 2325-4262,Volume 13,2015.Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment(www.tandfonline.com/tpre)is a peer-reviewed journal published in March,June,September,and December by Taylor&Francis,4 Park Square,Milton Park,Abingdon,Oxon,0X14 4RN,UK.Institutional Subscription Rate(print and online)展开更多
基金supported in part by the High-tech ship scientific research project of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China,and the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71671113)the Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province(No.2020GY-219)the Ministry of Education Collaborative Project of Production,Learning and Research(No.201901024016).
文摘Ship outfitting is a key process in shipbuilding.Efficient and high-quality ship outfitting is a top priority for modern shipyards.These activities are conducted at different stations of shipyards.The outfitting plan is one of the crucial issues in shipbuilding.In this paper,production scheduling and material ordering with endogenous uncertainty of the outfitting process are investigated.The uncertain factors in outfitting equipment production are usually decision-related,which leads to difficulties in addressing uncertainties in the outfitting production workshops before production is conducted according to plan.This uncertainty is regarded as endogenous uncertainty and can be treated as non-anticipativity constraints in the model.To address this problem,a stochastic two-stage programming model with endogenous uncertainty is established to optimize the outfitting job scheduling and raw material ordering process.A practical case of the shipyard of China Merchants Heavy Industry Co.,Ltd.is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.Satisfactory results are achieved at the lowest expected total cost as the complete kit rate of outfitting equipment is improved and emergency replenishment is reduced.
文摘China introduces a range of policies aimed at elevating the role of consumption as a growth driver.Foreign tourists landing in China now have one more reason to spend.With the roll-out of a new“refund-upon-purchase”tax rebate scheme,shopping has never been more convenient for overseas visitors.
基金Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Meher Neger,Comilla University,Comilla,Bangladesh.
文摘Background of the study:The Bangladeshi cosmetics market has witnessed significant growth in recent years,driven by changing consumer lifestyles,increased disposable incomes,and rising awareness of personal grooming.The study investigates the impact of content cues which influence on purchasing intention towards cosmetic brands in Bangladesh.Purpose:The basic purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing consumers’purchasing intentions for cosmetic brands in Bangladesh.Specifically,the study explored the roles of various cosmetic-related attributes and their impact on purchasing intentions within the context of Bangladesh’s cosmetic industry.Research methods:A quantitative research approach was adopted,and data were collected through a structured survey targeting Bangladeshi consumers who frequently engage with cosmetic products.All the valid responses were analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0 to perform structural equation modeling.Research findings:The findings revealed that trust in cosmetic brands and competitive pricing significantly influence consumers’purchasing intentions,highlighting the importance of fostering trust and affordability.However,certain constructs,such as ethnocentric tendencies and concerns about ingredient safety,showed limited impact on consumers’decisions.Conclusion:This study contributes to the existing literature by offering empirical insights into the Bangladeshi context,particularly within the rapidly growing cosmetics market.The findings provide actionable recommendations for cosmetic brands aiming to strengthen their market position through trust-building initiatives,competitive pricing strategies,and educational campaigns to enhance consumer awareness.These insights are particularly relevant for marketing practitioners seeking to understand and respond to the unique dynamics of the Bangladeshi cosmetics industry.
文摘Everyone experiences learning new things in their lives,and I am no exception.Today,I want to share my journey of learning how to skateboard.I still remember the summer vacation when I was seven years old.One day,I saw some older kids skating in our neighborhood,zooming back and forth on their skateboards.“Wow!They look so cool!”I thought to myself.I immediately decided that I wanted to try it too,so I begged-level my mom to buy me a beginner-level skateboard.
文摘The purpose of this study is to analyze factors affecting the purchasing behavior of low-income Vietnamese on e-commerce platforms.700 questionnaires were dispersed among universities,coffee shops,and Facebook community groups in Vietnam.Respondents to the questionnaires were consumers of those places in Vietnam,which were randomly selected.Finally,SEM analysis was used on the data to test the hypotheses of the study.The study identified that“Subjective norms”and“Consumer attitudes”have no effect on shopping behavior on e-commerce platforms,while“Perceived behavioral control”is most affected and“Perceived risks”are least affected on shopping behavior.
文摘49.2% In November,the Purchasing Managers'Index (PMI) for the manufacturing sector reached 49.2%,up 0.2%from the previous month.The modest rebound in the PMI indicates a slight improvement in the sector's overall business climate.
文摘Social media has emerged as a major global influence on consumer behavior in recent years.User-generated,interactive content is made possible by platforms like Facebook,Instagram,YouTube,and TikTok,and it has a big impact on opinions and buying decisions.Therefore,the objective of this research was to examine the influence of social media(online reviews,social media influencers,eWOM,advertisements,social media usage laws,and information)on consumers’purchase decisions of electronic products.Guided by the theory of planned behavior and social influence theory,a quantitative approach was used,with data collected via a structured questionnaire from 150 respondents over four weeks.Analysis was conducted using SPSS 30.SPSS analysis demonstrated that social media usage laws and social media influencers had a strong positive correlation with consumers’purchase decisions,highlighting their pivotal role in shaping preferences and disseminating information.Reliable and accessible product information also emerged as a significant predictor of consumer choices.In contrast,online reviews,eWOM,and advertisements exhibited minimal influence within this context or might have adverse influence.This article provides guidelines for electronic products to prioritize social media strategies,invest in high-quality information dissemination,and leverage influencer partnerships to effectively engage consumers and drive sales.
文摘In the contemporary digital landscape,the proliferation of information has led to an increasing diversity of channels through which consumers obtain information,resulting in a gradual transformation of shopping habits.Consumers now frequently rely on external sources to make well-informed purchasing decisions,leading to the emergence of live shopping as a prominent avenue for gathering product information and completing transactions.E-commerce live streaming has experienced rapid growth,leveraging its ability to generate traffic and capture consumer attention.The integration of content and live streaming not only meets users’psychological needs but also facilitates seamless communication between buyers and sellers.From the perspective of content marketing typologies,this paper examines content marketing across three key dimensions:informational content,entertainment content,and emotional content.It further explores the impact of content marketing on consumers’purchase intentions within the context of e-commerce live streaming.
文摘On July 17,2024,Chinese electric vehicle manufacturer GAC International opened a smart factory in Rayong Province,Thailand.The next day,then Prime Minister of Thailand Saita Thawaixin met with a delegation led by Zeng Qinghong,chairman of GAC Group.He encouraged GAC to purchase various spare parts in Thailand to enhance Thailand’s position in the global electric vehicle industry supply chain.“Thailand has a favorable business environment,”Zeng responded.“As the location of GAC’s first wholly-owned overseas facility,it was our premier choice.”
文摘This paper analyzes North American shifts in renewable energy finance and building energy technologies from 2022 to 2025.Fueled by net-zero targets and policy incentives,clean energy investment now surpasses fossil fuel spending.We examine key financial tools—green bonds,corporate power purchase agreements(PPAs),public-private partnerships,and tax credits—and parallel advances in smart meters,grid-interactive efficient buildings,battery storage,heat pumps,and net-zero construction.Through case studies of municipal retrofit financing,integrated smart homes,and net-zero campuses,we illustrate emerging finance-technology-policy ecosystems poised to accelerate the energy transition and bolster climate resilience.
基金Supported by the Key Scientific Research Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education in 2013~~
文摘In order to improve the purchased goods quality management level of food processing enterprises, the causes of quality management problems were ana- lyzed, which were classified into four categories, namely, natural toxins in raw ma- terials, quality problems in planting and breeding, quality problems in transportation, quality problems in delivery acceptance. Then, based on the causes, eight measures to improve goods purchasing management were put forward, and graphs were used to illustrate the corresponding countermeasure to each cause. This study is of theo- retical significance for the food processing enterprises to improve the quality man- agement of purchased goods through formulating improvement measures based on their operating states.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71071033)the Research and Innovation Project for College Graduates of Jiangsu Province(No.CXZZ-0186)
文摘A two-period duopoly model is developed to examine the competitive effects of targeted advertising with customer recognition （TACR）. In the model, two competing firms sell goods to end consumers in the first period, during which customer recognition is obtained. In the second period, advertising can be targeted toward different consumer types. Advertising is assumed to be persuasive in the way that consumer valuation is increased. Equilibrium decisions and profits in each period are derived, showing that the firm who loses the current competition will win in the future. As a result, forward-looking firms price less aggressively so that their long-term profits can be enhanced with the help of TACR. Particularly, TACR improves profits through three important effects： valuation increasing, customer poaching, and anti-competition. Finally, this paper investigates the welfare issues, showing that firms enhance profits at the expense of consumer surplus. It is, therefore, suggested that public sectors take a step to protect consumers with the rapid development of targeting technology.
文摘BACKGROUND:It has been demonstrated that mild hypothermia has obvious protective effect on both whole and local cerebral ischemia.However,the definite mechanism is still unclear for the brain protection of mild hypothermia on cerebral edema,inhibiting inflammatory reaction,stabilizing blood brain barrier,etc.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of mild hypothermia on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and the infarct volume after cerebral ischemia in rats,and analyze the brain protective mechanism of mild hypothermia.DESIGN:A randomized grouping and controlled animal trial.SETTING:Department of Neurology,People’s Hospital of Yunyang Medical College.MATERIALS:Twenty adult male SD rats of clean degree,weighing(250±30)g,were provided by the animal experimental center,School of Medicine,Wuhan University.The kits for SP immunohistochemistry were purchased from Beijing Zhongshan Golden Bridge Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.METHODS:The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of Department of Neurology,Renmen Hospital of Wuhan University from May to July 2005.①The 20 rats were divided randomly into normal temperature group(n=10)and mild hypothermia group(n=10).Models of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion were established with modified nylon suture embolization.The rats were assessed with the Longa standards:0 point for without nerve dysfunction;1 for mild neurological deficit(fore claws could no extend completely);2 for moderate neurological deficit(circling towards the affected side);3 for severe neurological deficit(tilting towards the affected side);4 for coma and unconscious;1-3 points represented that models were successfully established.The rats of the normal temperature group were fed at room temperature,and those in the mild hypothermia group were induced by hypothermia from 2 hours postoperatively,and the rectal temperature was kept at 34-35℃for 72 hours.②Measurement of infarct volume:All the rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection overdose sodium pentobarbital 7 days postoperatively,and then the heads were cut down to harvest brain.The brain tissues were placed into-20℃refrigerator for 20 minutes,coronal sections of 2 mm were prepared.The infarct sites were not stained,whereas normal brain tissues were stained as red.The infarct volumes were calculated by using MPLAS-500 multimedia color pathological image&word analytical system.③Counting positive cells of vascular endothelial growth factor protein:The brains were harvested by cutting heads,then coronal sections of 2 mm were prepared.Routine dehydration,hyalinization,wax immersion and embedding were performed,then the detected with SP immunohistochemistry,the kits were purchased from Beijing Zhongshan Golden Bridge Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.The cells whose cytoplasm was yellow-brown were positive ones,a single sample as a unit,peri-ischemic site and ischemic core were selected,and the corresponding sites in controlateral hemisphere were taken as controls.Five visual fields were selected from each site to be observed under microscope,the cells were counted,and the average number of positive cells was calculated in each group.The numbers of positive cells were determined with the image analytical apparatus.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Number of the positive cells of vascular endothelial growth factor protein;Infarct volume of rat brain tissue.RESULTS:All the 20 rats were involved in the analysis of results.①Number of positive cells of vascular endothelial growth factor protein in brain tissue:It was obviously lower in the mild hypothermia group than in the normal temperature group[(24.02±5.05),(36.07±2.69)cells/high power visual field,P<0.01].②Comparison of infarct volume of brain tissue:After MCAO,it was obviously smaller in the mild hypothermia group than in the normal temperature group[(153.25±23.14),(253.45±36.21)mm3,P<0.01].CONCLUSION:Mild hypothermia can inhibit the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and decrease the volume of cerebral infarction.The inhibition of mild hypothermia on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor may be one of the brain protective mechanisms.
文摘This paper presents a mathematical model for components/parts unification (CPU) policy. This model considers two components/parts that are functionally interchangeable but purchased from suppliers with different prices and quality characteristics. Because of the buyer's quality preference and suppliers' discount rates for bulky purchases, the model assists the procurement manager to determine how best to purchase the components/parts to meet its demand while minimizing the total acquisition costs.
基金supported in part by NIH HL098472NSF CBET0846429
文摘Introduction Cells can sense and respond to the mechanical microenvironment by converting forces into biochemical signals inside the cells,i.e.mechanotransduction<sup>[1-3]</sup>.Focal adhesions are the major sites of interaction between a cell and its extracellular matrix（ECM）microenvironment,thus outside mechanical signals can be sensed at focal adhesions through transmembrane receptor integrins.In particular,it has been shown that matrix elasticity can control the cell fate<sup>[4]</sup>by modulating the interactions between ECM proteins and their receptor integrins<sup>[5,6]</sup>.For example,different rigidity of polyacrylamide（PA）gels can lead to different density of ECM ancho-
文摘A set of model is established to optimize BSW Company’s component stock. By analyzing the company’s current part stock condition in terms of the occupation of capitals in the precondition of continuous production, it describes how to control the purchase parameters of import parts. The model describes how to adjust slightly product output sequence and how to control the components’ purchase parameters: purchasing risk time and purchase order quantity. Then simulation is developed to illustrate the model.
文摘As more and more sophisticated medical equipment being purchased by hospi-tals,the selection is becoming an increasingly complex and important process.Usu-ally there are three steps in the selection process: planning,feasibility and model se-lection evaluation.Model selection evalution is the most complex stage.The consid-
文摘Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment,Print ISSN 1004-2857,Online ISSN 2325-4262,Volume 13,2015.Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment(www.tandfonline.com/tpre)is a peer-reviewed journal published in March,June,September,and December by Taylor&hrancis,4 Park Square,Milton Park,Abingdon,Oxon,OX14 4RN,UK.
文摘Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment,Print ISSN 1004-2857,Online ISSN 2325-4262,Volume 13,2015.Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment(www.tandfonline.com/tpre)is a peer-reviewed journal published in March,June,September,and December by Taylor&Francis,4 Park Square,Milton Park,Abingdon,Oxon,0X14 4RN,UK.Institutional Subscription Rate(print and online)
