Objective: Drug-induced liver injury complicates antituberculosis drug treatment and is a leading cause of death worldwide. The aim of this study is to establish the ethnomedicinal claim of hepatoprotective effects of...Objective: Drug-induced liver injury complicates antituberculosis drug treatment and is a leading cause of death worldwide. The aim of this study is to establish the ethnomedicinal claim of hepatoprotective effects of fruit pulp extract of Telfairia occidentalis against rifampicin(RIF) and isoniazid(INH)-induced oxidative stress in rats.Methods: T. occidentalis pulp extract(TOPE)(125–500 mg/kg) and silymarin(50 mg/kg) were evaluated in an induced hepatotoxicity model of oxidative stress in Wistar rats by intoxication with RIF and INH(100 mg/kg each) orally for 60 d. Markers indicating oxidative stress and hepatic damage such as alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) were assessed.Biomarkers of antioxidant status, including catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, and marker of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde(MDA), were assayed using standard procedures. The hematological profile, lipid profile, serum markers for kidney function and histopathological examination were also assessed.Results: Intoxication with RIF and INH markedly reduced the hematological indices and elevated the biochemical enzyme markers(AST, ALT and ALP, P < 0.001) and lipid profile(P < 0.001), while antioxidant biomarkers were significantly(P < 0.01) depressed and MDA was elevated. However, pretreatment with TOPE significantly(P < 0.001) alleviated this alteration and sustained the antioxidant potentials. The histopathological morphology supports the biochemical evidence of hepatoprotection.Conclusion: Current study is indicative of potential antioxidant activity, hepatoprotective effects and plausible therapeutic alleviation of RIF-INH-induced hepatotoxicity of TOPE in laboratory animals.展开更多
Cold caustic extraction has potential applications in the production of dissolving-grade pulps due to its ability to selectively remove hemicellulose from lignocellulosic materials. In this study,we demonstrate the co...Cold caustic extraction has potential applications in the production of dissolving-grade pulps due to its ability to selectively remove hemicellulose from lignocellulosic materials. In this study,we demonstrate the conversion of paper-grade kraft pulp into dissolving pulp by a single-stage cold caustic extraction. Under the extraction conditions of 12 wt% NaOH lye,11% pulp consistency,a temperature of 35℃,and 2 h,a paper-grade softwood kraft pulp was purified to high-grade dissolving pulp with 97. 1% α-cellulose content,1. 2% pentosane content,and narrowed molecular weight distribution. The resulting extraction filtrate was concentrated by nano-filtration to obtain the hemicellulose content of 59. 0 g / L,while the permeate was a clear Na OH solution with 10. 9 wt% concentration. A process configuration was also proposed,integrating this cold caustic extraction process with existing pulp and paper production and multi-purpose utilization of the extraction filtrate.展开更多
Wastewater samples were collected from pulp and paper mill located in Kashipur (India) and were extracted using dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform and hexane solvents (all were HPLC-grade). The extracts were assayed fo...Wastewater samples were collected from pulp and paper mill located in Kashipur (India) and were extracted using dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform and hexane solvents (all were HPLC-grade). The extracts were assayed for their mutagenic potential using Ames Salmonella mutagenicity assay. TA98 strain was found to be the most responsive, in terms of induction factor (Mi) and slope (m) of the initial linear dose-response curve as determined by linear regression analysis up to the increasing doses indicating the presence of frame shift mutagens in the test samples. Mutagenicity of different extracts is arranged as follows: dichloromethane extracted water samples > hexane extracted water samples > chloroform extracted water samples. Hexane extract exhibited maximum mutagenic index of 13.0 and induction factor (Mi) 2.48 with TA98. The order of responsiveness based on the mutagenic index and induction factor for the test samples was in the following order: TA98 > TA97a > TA100 > TA102 > TA104. Our findings suggest that TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102, TA104 were sensitive towards the wastewater extracts and showed considerable mutagenicity.展开更多
The effect of four additives (surfactants and dispersant) that were supplied by Hercules Chemicals Singapore Pte Ltd on kraft pulping and bleaching of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Acacia mangium has been studied. The ...The effect of four additives (surfactants and dispersant) that were supplied by Hercules Chemicals Singapore Pte Ltd on kraft pulping and bleaching of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Acacia mangium has been studied. The use of additives results in a more removal of extractives, and in a more uniform cook with lower screen rejects in eucalyptus, lower residual alkali, and in an improvement in brightness of eucalyptus pulps. At low additive charge level, a reduction of kappa number generated without clear loss of pulp yield in acacia cook.展开更多
Aim： To investigate antioxidant potential of lupeol/mango pulp extract （MPE） in testosterone induced oxidative stress in prostate of male Swiss albino mice. Methods： Oral treatment of lupeol （1 mg/animal） and M...Aim： To investigate antioxidant potential of lupeol/mango pulp extract （MPE） in testosterone induced oxidative stress in prostate of male Swiss albino mice. Methods： Oral treatment of lupeol （1 mg/animal） and MPE （1 mL [20% w/v]/ animal） was given separately to animals along with subcutaneous injection of testosterone （5 mg/kg body weight） consecutively for 15 days. At the end of the study period, the prostate was dissected out for the determination of reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes status （catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase）. Results： In testosterone treated animals, increased ROS resulted in depletion of antioxidant enzymes and increase in lipid peroxidation in mouse prostate. However, lupeol/MPE treatment resulted in a decrease in ROS levels with restoration in the levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion： The results of the present study demonstrate that lupeol/MPE are effective in combating oxidative stress-induced cellular injury of mouse prostate. Mango and its constituents, therefore, deserve study as a potential chemopreventive agent against prostate cancer. （Asian J Androl 2008 Mar; 10： 313-318）展开更多
文摘Objective: Drug-induced liver injury complicates antituberculosis drug treatment and is a leading cause of death worldwide. The aim of this study is to establish the ethnomedicinal claim of hepatoprotective effects of fruit pulp extract of Telfairia occidentalis against rifampicin(RIF) and isoniazid(INH)-induced oxidative stress in rats.Methods: T. occidentalis pulp extract(TOPE)(125–500 mg/kg) and silymarin(50 mg/kg) were evaluated in an induced hepatotoxicity model of oxidative stress in Wistar rats by intoxication with RIF and INH(100 mg/kg each) orally for 60 d. Markers indicating oxidative stress and hepatic damage such as alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) were assessed.Biomarkers of antioxidant status, including catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, and marker of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde(MDA), were assayed using standard procedures. The hematological profile, lipid profile, serum markers for kidney function and histopathological examination were also assessed.Results: Intoxication with RIF and INH markedly reduced the hematological indices and elevated the biochemical enzyme markers(AST, ALT and ALP, P < 0.001) and lipid profile(P < 0.001), while antioxidant biomarkers were significantly(P < 0.01) depressed and MDA was elevated. However, pretreatment with TOPE significantly(P < 0.001) alleviated this alteration and sustained the antioxidant potentials. The histopathological morphology supports the biochemical evidence of hepatoprotection.Conclusion: Current study is indicative of potential antioxidant activity, hepatoprotective effects and plausible therapeutic alleviation of RIF-INH-induced hepatotoxicity of TOPE in laboratory animals.
基金the financial support from the Canada Research Chairs and NSERC CRD programthe Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.12ZCZDGX01100)
文摘Cold caustic extraction has potential applications in the production of dissolving-grade pulps due to its ability to selectively remove hemicellulose from lignocellulosic materials. In this study,we demonstrate the conversion of paper-grade kraft pulp into dissolving pulp by a single-stage cold caustic extraction. Under the extraction conditions of 12 wt% NaOH lye,11% pulp consistency,a temperature of 35℃,and 2 h,a paper-grade softwood kraft pulp was purified to high-grade dissolving pulp with 97. 1% α-cellulose content,1. 2% pentosane content,and narrowed molecular weight distribution. The resulting extraction filtrate was concentrated by nano-filtration to obtain the hemicellulose content of 59. 0 g / L,while the permeate was a clear Na OH solution with 10. 9 wt% concentration. A process configuration was also proposed,integrating this cold caustic extraction process with existing pulp and paper production and multi-purpose utilization of the extraction filtrate.
文摘Wastewater samples were collected from pulp and paper mill located in Kashipur (India) and were extracted using dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform and hexane solvents (all were HPLC-grade). The extracts were assayed for their mutagenic potential using Ames Salmonella mutagenicity assay. TA98 strain was found to be the most responsive, in terms of induction factor (Mi) and slope (m) of the initial linear dose-response curve as determined by linear regression analysis up to the increasing doses indicating the presence of frame shift mutagens in the test samples. Mutagenicity of different extracts is arranged as follows: dichloromethane extracted water samples > hexane extracted water samples > chloroform extracted water samples. Hexane extract exhibited maximum mutagenic index of 13.0 and induction factor (Mi) 2.48 with TA98. The order of responsiveness based on the mutagenic index and induction factor for the test samples was in the following order: TA98 > TA97a > TA100 > TA102 > TA104. Our findings suggest that TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102, TA104 were sensitive towards the wastewater extracts and showed considerable mutagenicity.
文摘The effect of four additives (surfactants and dispersant) that were supplied by Hercules Chemicals Singapore Pte Ltd on kraft pulping and bleaching of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Acacia mangium has been studied. The use of additives results in a more removal of extractives, and in a more uniform cook with lower screen rejects in eucalyptus, lower residual alkali, and in an improvement in brightness of eucalyptus pulps. At low additive charge level, a reduction of kappa number generated without clear loss of pulp yield in acacia cook.
文摘Aim： To investigate antioxidant potential of lupeol/mango pulp extract （MPE） in testosterone induced oxidative stress in prostate of male Swiss albino mice. Methods： Oral treatment of lupeol （1 mg/animal） and MPE （1 mL [20% w/v]/ animal） was given separately to animals along with subcutaneous injection of testosterone （5 mg/kg body weight） consecutively for 15 days. At the end of the study period, the prostate was dissected out for the determination of reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes status （catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase）. Results： In testosterone treated animals, increased ROS resulted in depletion of antioxidant enzymes and increase in lipid peroxidation in mouse prostate. However, lupeol/MPE treatment resulted in a decrease in ROS levels with restoration in the levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion： The results of the present study demonstrate that lupeol/MPE are effective in combating oxidative stress-induced cellular injury of mouse prostate. Mango and its constituents, therefore, deserve study as a potential chemopreventive agent against prostate cancer. （Asian J Androl 2008 Mar; 10： 313-318）
