In ground water quality studies multivariate statistical techniques like Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Factor Analysis (FA) and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) wer...In ground water quality studies multivariate statistical techniques like Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Factor Analysis (FA) and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) were employed to evaluate the principal factors and mechanisms governing the spatial variations and to assess source apportionment at Lawspet area in Puducherry, India. PCA/FA has made the first known factor which showed the anthropogenic impact on ground water quality and this dominant factor explained 82.79% of the total variance. The other four factors identified geogenic and hardness components. The distribution of first factor scores portray high loading for EC, TDS, Na+ and Cl−(anthropogenic) in south east and south west parts of the study area, whereas other factor scores depict high loading for HCO3−, Mg2+, Ca2+ and TH (hardness and geogenic) in the north west and south west parts of the study area. K+ and SO42−(geogenic) are dominant in south eastern direction. Further MANOVA showed that there are significant differences between ground water quality parameters. The spatial distribution maps of water quality parameters have rendered a powerful and practical visual tool for defining, interpreting, and distinguishing the anthropogenic, hardness and geogenic factors in the study area. Further the study indicated that multivariate statistical methods have successfully assessed the ground water qualitatively and spatially with a more effective step towards ground water quality management.展开更多
Objective:To study diversity and distribution of tree hole mosquitoes at Puducherry Union Territory.Methods:Random collections were carried out in tree holes at collection sites by using suction tube.Mosquitoes are id...Objective:To study diversity and distribution of tree hole mosquitoes at Puducherry Union Territory.Methods:Random collections were carried out in tree holes at collection sites by using suction tube.Mosquitoes are identified by standard entomological procedures.Results:A total of 235 mosquitoes were collected from tree holes,comprising 3 genera and 12 species.They are,Aedes aegypti,Aedes albopictus,Aedes stokesi,Aedes simpsoni,Anopheles subpictus,Anopheles stephensi,Anopheles culiciformis,Anopheles maculatus,Culex quinquefasciatus,Culex pseudovishnui,Culex tritaeniorhynchus,and Culex decens.The results reveal thatAedes species is the dominant species in tree holes.Simpson’s dominance index and Shanon-Wiener diversity index of 0.1827 and 0.8336 were respectively recorded for all tree hole mosquitoes.Conclusions:The diversity studies of tree hole mosquitoes in the study area are necessary for the implementation of appropriate control strategies.展开更多
文摘In ground water quality studies multivariate statistical techniques like Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Factor Analysis (FA) and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) were employed to evaluate the principal factors and mechanisms governing the spatial variations and to assess source apportionment at Lawspet area in Puducherry, India. PCA/FA has made the first known factor which showed the anthropogenic impact on ground water quality and this dominant factor explained 82.79% of the total variance. The other four factors identified geogenic and hardness components. The distribution of first factor scores portray high loading for EC, TDS, Na+ and Cl−(anthropogenic) in south east and south west parts of the study area, whereas other factor scores depict high loading for HCO3−, Mg2+, Ca2+ and TH (hardness and geogenic) in the north west and south west parts of the study area. K+ and SO42−(geogenic) are dominant in south eastern direction. Further MANOVA showed that there are significant differences between ground water quality parameters. The spatial distribution maps of water quality parameters have rendered a powerful and practical visual tool for defining, interpreting, and distinguishing the anthropogenic, hardness and geogenic factors in the study area. Further the study indicated that multivariate statistical methods have successfully assessed the ground water qualitatively and spatially with a more effective step towards ground water quality management.
基金Supported by University Grants Commission,New Delhi,India[UGC Ref.Letter No.42-558/2013(SR)].
文摘Objective:To study diversity and distribution of tree hole mosquitoes at Puducherry Union Territory.Methods:Random collections were carried out in tree holes at collection sites by using suction tube.Mosquitoes are identified by standard entomological procedures.Results:A total of 235 mosquitoes were collected from tree holes,comprising 3 genera and 12 species.They are,Aedes aegypti,Aedes albopictus,Aedes stokesi,Aedes simpsoni,Anopheles subpictus,Anopheles stephensi,Anopheles culiciformis,Anopheles maculatus,Culex quinquefasciatus,Culex pseudovishnui,Culex tritaeniorhynchus,and Culex decens.The results reveal thatAedes species is the dominant species in tree holes.Simpson’s dominance index and Shanon-Wiener diversity index of 0.1827 and 0.8336 were respectively recorded for all tree hole mosquitoes.Conclusions:The diversity studies of tree hole mosquitoes in the study area are necessary for the implementation of appropriate control strategies.
