Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychic repercussions of sexual assault among female students in Parakou in 2023. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from December 2022 ...Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychic repercussions of sexual assault among female students in Parakou in 2023. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from December 2022 to July 2023 among all students at the University of Parakou. The sampling technique was stratified non-proportional at two levels. The dependent variable was self-reported sexual assault. The psychopathological repercussions linked to sexual assault and explored in these students were: post-traumatic stress disorder assessed with the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5 (PCL-5) scale;and current depression screened with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale. Results: A total of 376 female students from the University of Parakou meeting the inclusion criteria were surveyed. The average age of the subjects surveyed was 20.56 ± 2.46 years, with extremes of 16 and 32 years. A predominance of subjects under 25 was observed. The prevalence of sexual assault among female students at the University of Parakou was 10.63%. The types of aggression suffered were mostly rape (18 people;45%) and sexual touching (16 people;40%), and the aggressors were mainly friends/boyfriends (13;32.5%), family members (12;30.0%) and people from the house/neighborhood (9;22.5%). Psychological repercussions included depression in 72.5% (29) of cases, with mild depression in 30% (12), moderate depression in 37.5% (15) and severe depression in 5% (2). Anxiety disorders were present in 27.50% (11) of victims. The risk factors associated with sexual assault in these students were gravidity (p = 0.014;OR = 15.32), unhappy life events (p = 0.01;OR = 17.24), and age of first sexual intercourse (p = 0.016;OR = 4.608). Conclusion: One in ten female students in Parakou has been sexually assaulted. Once again, preventive action through effective sex education is a means of fighting the problem that should be prioritized for every girl and boy from an early age. Psychological support by specialists should be offered to any victim discovered without delay. Communication on the subject should be multiplied in all family and academic educational environments, from the lowest to the highest levels.展开更多
The aim of the current study was to investigate the gender differences in aesthetic rhinoplasty candidates in dimensions of psychopathology. Considering the existing body of literature, it was hypothesized that women ...The aim of the current study was to investigate the gender differences in aesthetic rhinoplasty candidates in dimensions of psychopathology. Considering the existing body of literature, it was hypothesized that women would score higher in different dimensions of psychopathology. SCL-90-R was used to evaluate the differences. This instrument consists of 10 subscales which measure depression, anxiety, phobia, hostility, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, somatization, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, and added items of psychopathology. Independent t-test between male patients (n = 19) and female patients (n = 32) was performed. Findings indicated that women had higher scores in four subscales. Women had higher scores in anxiety (P < 0.01), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (P < 0.05), depression (P < 0.05), and added items (P < 0.05). Effect size measures were calculated in order for better interpretation of statistical significance tests. Findings supported the notion that women who applied for aesthetic rhinoplasty showed higher scores of anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and general psychopathological symptoms. Surgeons can utilize validated psychometric instruments in order to screen psychologically disturbed patients as these patients are more likely to show dissatisfaction after the surgery.展开更多
Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction,alongside restricted,repetitive patterns of behaviors(RRB),interests,or ...Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction,alongside restricted,repetitive patterns of behaviors(RRB),interests,or activities.It often co-occurs with various neuropsychiatric disorders,though their frequency varies widely due to unclear boundaries between the core features of ASD and common comorbidities.Catatonia,increasingly noted in neurodevelopmental conditions like ASD,shares striking similarities with ASD in symptomatology,brain mech-anisms,and treatment responses,prompting the question of whether it is a core feature of ASD or a distinct condition.This paper delved into this overlap,ex-ploring the relationship between catatonia and ASD through a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature from 1943 to 2024,sourced from PubMed and psy-chiatric journals.Focusing on ASD diagnostic evolution,symptom overlap with catatonia,and shared neurobiological and therapeutic characteristics,we used thematic analysis to synthesize findings into key areas such as historical nosology,phenomenological overlap,neurobiological parallels,and treatment response.The evidence revealed weak support for separating catatonia from overlapping RRB features of ASD,suggesting that some RRB might align more with comorbid catatonia than intrinsic ASD traits.However,this idea needs further validation through rigorous clinical trials.Clarifying this relationship could refine diagnostic approaches and open doors to targeted treatments,potentially improving out-comes for those affected.展开更多
Background:Disaster mental health outcomes of individuals may be affected by the families they inhabit,with effects rippling through the entire family system.Existing research on the experience of children in disaster...Background:Disaster mental health outcomes of individuals may be affected by the families they inhabit,with effects rippling through the entire family system.Existing research on the experience of children in disasters has typically been limited to examining single individuals or,at most,family dyads.Research is needed to explore interactions within families as a whole,including interactions among multiple family members,as well as with community entities in a broad systems approach with dynamic analysis of family systems over time.The purpose of this study was to combine quantitative and qualitative data using structured diagnostic interviews and accompanying open-ended narratives of family members(spouses and children)of survivors of the 9/11 attacks.Methods:This study examined 60 members in 25 families of employees affected by the 9/11 attacks on New York City’s World Trade Center,using a mixed methods approach,collecting quantitative data using full assessments of psychiatric disorders and qualitative data from detailed personal disaster narratives.The employees were a highly 9/11 trauma-exposed group,with about one-fourth developing posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD).The employees’exposures and PTSD did not regularly appear to propagate straightforwardly to psychopathology in their spouses or children.Based on the impact of disaster experience,4 illustrative families were selected for narrative and family systems analyses.Results:Qualitative analysis of their narratives suggested distinct family system patterns or archetypes that may reflect different ways that families cope with disaster.Conclusion:Findings suggest that family systems and family dynamics may influence not only disaster trauma-exposed members but also other family members in supporting one another and coping with the disaster,with interactions with outside community influences adding further complexity.This information may help guide disaster response efforts to provide psychosocial support targeted to specific family patterns.展开更多
BACKGROUND Alexithymia is defined as difficulties in identifying,expressing,and understanding emotions.An unapproving environment during childhood is defined as the child not receiving emotional approval from their pa...BACKGROUND Alexithymia is defined as difficulties in identifying,expressing,and understanding emotions.An unapproving environment during childhood is defined as the child not receiving emotional approval from their parents,being punished,or having their emotions devalued.The formation of self-esteem is shaped by the influence of parental behavior during childhood.The commu-nication that the child establishes with their parents contributes to their increased self-esteem and sense of importance.The absence of this may play a role in developmental psychopathology.AIM To examine the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between a disapproving environment in childhood and alexithymia.METHODS The research in the relational screening model was conducted with 404 participants.Demographic Information Form,Disapproving Environment Scale in Childhood,Toronto Alexithymia Scale,and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used as data collection tools.Hayes’bootstrapping technique was used in the analysis of the data obtained from the research.RESULTS As a result of the analyses,parental disapproval positively predicted the level of alexithymia(rmother=0.51,rfather=0.52,P<0.05)and negatively predicted selfesteem(rmother=-0.75,rfather=-0.67,P<0.05).Additionally,self-esteem negatively predicted alexithymia(r=-0.58,P<0.05).It was observed that self-esteem had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between parental disapproval and alexithymia.Family types were analyzed separately as chaotic,approving,perfect,and typical.Of these,the chaotic family type positively predicted alexithymia(r=0.33,P<0.05)and negatively predicted self-esteem(r=-0.60,P<0.05).The approving family type negatively predicted alexithymia(r=-0.43,P<0.05)and positively predicted self-esteem(r=0.61,P<0.05).The perfect family type negatively predicted alexithymia(r=-0.27,P<0.05)and positively predicted self-esteem(r=-0.45,P<0.05).CONCLUSION The type of family in which the child grows up in and parental disapproval during childhood affected the child’s self-esteem and caused alexithymic personality traits.展开更多
Background Schizophrenia is considered to be a disorder of dysconnectivity characterized by abnormal functional integration between distinct brain regions.Different brain connection abnormalities were found to be corr...Background Schizophrenia is considered to be a disorder of dysconnectivity characterized by abnormal functional integration between distinct brain regions.Different brain connection abnormalities were found to be correlated with various clinical manifestations,but whether a common deficit in functional connectivity(FC)in relation to both clinical symptoms and cognitive impairments could present in first-episode patients who have never received any medication remains elusive.Objective To find a core deficit in the brain connectome that is related to both psychopathological and cognitive manifestations.Methods A total of 75 patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 51 healthy control participants underwent scanning of the brain and clinical ratings of behaviors.A principal component analysis was performed on the clinical ratings of symptom and cognition.Partial correlation analyses were conducted between the main psychopathological components and resting-state FC that were found abnormal in schizophrenia patients.Results Using the principal component analysis,the first principal component(PC1)explained 37%of the total variance of seven clinical features.The ratings of GAF and BACS contributed negatively to PC1,while those of PANSS,HAMD,and HAMA contributed positively.The FCs positively correlated with PC1 mainly included connections related to the insula,precuneus gyrus,and some frontal brain regions.FCs negatively correlated with PC1 mainly included connections between the left middle cingulate cortex and superior and middle occipital regions.Conclusion In conclusion,we found a linked pattern of FC associated with both psychopathological and cognitive manifestations in drug-na¨ıve first-episode schizophrenia characterized as the dysconnection related to the frontal and visual cortex,which may represent a core deficit of brain FC in patients with schizophrenia.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia may have various disease manifestations,most of which gradually tend toward incurable chronic decline,leading to mental disability.The basic symptoms of the disease can impair so...BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia may have various disease manifestations,most of which gradually tend toward incurable chronic decline,leading to mental disability.The basic symptoms of the disease can impair social function,whereas long-term hospitalization produces hospitalization syndrome,causing serious damage to social function.AIM To investigate the effects of Computerized Cognitive Remediation Therapy(CCRT)on cognitive and social functioning in patients with chronic schizophrenia.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 120 patients with chronic schizophrenia in Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center was performed.They were divided into an intervention group(60 cases treated with CCRT combined with conventional medication)and a control group(60 cases treated with conventional medication).After treatment,effects on cognitive function and social roles were observed in both groups.The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)was used to assess the patients'psychiatric symptoms.The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST)was used to assess the patients'cognitive functioning,and the Social Functioning Scale for Psychiatric Inpatients(SSPI)was used to assess the social functioning of the inpatient psychiatric patients.RESULTS No significant differences were observed in the PANSS,WCST,and SSPI intergroup scores before treatment(P>0.05).After 2,4,and 6 wk of therapy,general psychopathological factors,positive symptoms,negative symptoms,and total PANSS scores of PANSS in the intervention group were lower than in the control group(P<0.05).After 2,4,and 6 wk of treatment,the number of false responses,number of persistent bugs,and total responses in the WCST were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group(P<0.05),and the amount of completed classification was significantly higher than in the control group(P<0.05).After 2,4,and 6 wk of therapy,the SSPI scores were significantly greater than those of the controls(P<0.05).After 6 wk of treatment,the efficacy rates of the control and intervention groups were 81.67%and 91.67%,respectively.The curative effect in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION CCRT can significantly improve cognitive function and social abilities in patients with chronic schizophrenia.展开更多
Psychiatric comorbidity is common in symptombased diagnoses like autism spectrum disorder(ASD),attention/deficit hyper-activity disorder(ADHD),and obsessivecompulsive disorder(OCD).However,these co-occurring symptoms ...Psychiatric comorbidity is common in symptombased diagnoses like autism spectrum disorder(ASD),attention/deficit hyper-activity disorder(ADHD),and obsessivecompulsive disorder(OCD).However,these co-occurring symptoms mediated by shared and/or distinct neural mechanisms are difficult to profile at the individual level.Capitalizing on unsupervised machine learning with a hierarchical Bayesian framework,we derived latent disease factors from resting-state functional connectivity data in a hybrid cohort of ASD and ADHD and delineated individual associations with dimensional symptoms based on canonical correlation analysis.Models based on the same factors generalized to previously unseen individuals in a subclinical cohort and one local OCD database with a subset of patients undergoing neurosurgical intervention.Four factors,identified as variably co-expressed in each patient,were significantly correlated with distinct symptom domains(r=–0.26–0.53,P<0.05):behavioral regulation(Factor-1),communication(Factor-2),anxiety(Factor-3),adaptive behaviors(Factor-4).Moreover,we demonstrated Factor-1 expressed in patients with OCD and Factor-3 expressed in participants with anxiety,at the degree to which factor expression was significantly predictive of individual symptom scores(r=0.18–0.5,P<0.01).Importantly,peri-intervention changes in Factor-1 of OCD were associated with variable treatment outcomes(r=0.39,P<0.05).Our results indicate that these data-derived latent disease factors quantify individual factor expression to inform dimensional symptom and treatment outcomes across cohorts,which may promote quantitative psychiatric diagnosis and personalized intervention.展开更多
BACKGROUND Despite advances in research on psychopathology and social media use,no comprehensive review has examined published papers on this type of research and considered how it was affected by the coronavirus dise...BACKGROUND Despite advances in research on psychopathology and social media use,no comprehensive review has examined published papers on this type of research and considered how it was affected by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak.AIM To explore the status of research on psychopathology and social media use before and after the COVID-19 outbreak.METHODS We used Bibliometrix(an R software package)to conduct a scientometric analysis of 4588 relevant studies drawn from the Web of Science Core Collection,PubMed,and Scopus databases.RESULTS Such research output was scarce before COVID-19,but exploded after the pandemic with the publication of a number of high-impact articles.Key authors and institutions,located primarily in developed countries,maintained their core positions,largely uninfluenced by COVID-19;however,research production and collaboration in developing countries increased significantly after COVID-19.Through the analysis of keywords,we identified commonly used methods in this field,together with specific populations,psychopathological conditions,and clinical treatments.Researchers have devoted increasing attention to gender differences in psychopathological states and linked COVID-19 strongly to depression,with depression detection becoming a new trend.Developments in research on psychopathology and social media use are unbalanced and uncoordinated across countries/regions,and more indepth clinical studies should be conducted in the future.CONCLUSION After COVID-19,there was an increased level of concern about mental health issues and a changing emphasis on social media use and the impact of public health emergencies.展开更多
Developing health and counselling professionals remains an important part of supporting mental health services in Cambodia.This paper aims to identify how the key stakeholders and mental health experts in Cambodia con...Developing health and counselling professionals remains an important part of supporting mental health services in Cambodia.This paper aims to identify how the key stakeholders and mental health experts in Cambodia consider how a university level health counselling course could contribute to addressing the needs/treatment gap for mental health services in Cambodia.In order to do this,the study consists of semi-structured interviews with stakeholders,community needs assessment,and community resource mapping.The data were drawn from 15 NGOs,various profit and not-for-profit organizations as well as two key government stakeholders.The participants were invited to take part in a stakeholders/expert semi-structured interview that lasted between 30-60 minutes at the participants’organizations.The findings revealed that all participants believe that a university level health counseling course was crucial in Cambodia to address pressing mental health issues in the country.Most participants believed that a graduate or post-graduate level program such as a B.A.or M.A.was necessary to train qualified counsellors.The program should be internationally benchmarked,with a Cambodian context.Topics should include psychopathology,professional ethics and competencies,counselling theories and interventions,trauma treatment,as well as emotional intelligence and addiction.Other topics might need to include parenting,support system for suicidal patients,self-care,staff wellbeing programs,and school counselor programs.展开更多
Introduction: Fostering is a widespread practice in West Africa. It played an essential role in the circulation of children. The failure of its community regulation, not compensated by a legal framework, has made its ...Introduction: Fostering is a widespread practice in West Africa. It played an essential role in the circulation of children. The failure of its community regulation, not compensated by a legal framework, has made its practice precarious. Observation: A case study was conducted on Dior, who was hospitalised in a psychiatric ward for a delusional disorder of filiation. Dior was entrusted to her maternal grandmother and aunt at ages 2 and 9. During these fosterings, the place of the symbolic father was not substituted, causing a void that challenged her imagination. The outcome was an inscription in a genealogy where she had found herself with prestigious parents. Discussion: Fostering has strongly disrupted the family dynamics in Dior’s case. One of her options was to assume the paternal function, the use of which was perceived as a defiance or even a transgression. This same function would be a starting point of a psychosis whose filial character would only be an attempt at rectification where reality and imagination collide. Conclusion: Our study reveals the importance of stable parental figures at stake in fostering contexts, which constitute a risk factor for the development of a subsequent psychosis.展开更多
In this retrospective study, we have researched the psychological impact of pre-symptomatic testing (PST) for 2 autosomal dominant late-onset diseases: Huntington disease (HD and familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (F...In this retrospective study, we have researched the psychological impact of pre-symptomatic testing (PST) for 2 autosomal dominant late-onset diseases: Huntington disease (HD and familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) V30M TTR. The study included 53 subjects: 40 (75.5%) were the offspring at risk for FAP and 13 (24.5%) for HD. Of these, 38 (73.1%) received the carrier result and 12 (23.1%) the noncarrier result;3 of them did not want to know the result. The indicators taken for emotional distress were the subscales and global indexes of psychopathological Behavior Symptoms Inventory (BSI), applied in the pre-test and post-test, one-year after notification of results. Values decreased significantly one year after the implementation of the PST, regardless of the studied disease or test result;this seems to corroborate previous studies showing that testing does not increase pre-symptomatic levels of emotional disturbance in individuals. However, the subjects studied showed, for all subscales and global indexes of the BSI, significantly higher values than those of control groups.展开更多
Anxiety disorders are among the most common of all mental disorders and their pathogenesis is a major topic in psychiatry, both for prevention and treatment. Early stressful life events and alterations of hypothalamic...Anxiety disorders are among the most common of all mental disorders and their pathogenesis is a major topic in psychiatry, both for prevention and treatment. Early stressful life events and alterations of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal(HPA) axis function seem to have a significant role in the onset of anxiety. Existing data appear to support the mediating effect of the HPA axis between childhood traumata and posttraumatic stress disorder. Findings on the HPA axis activity at baseline and after stimuli in panic disordered patients are inconclusive, even if stressful life events may have a triggering function in the development of this disorder. Data on the relationship between stress, HPA axis functioning and obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) are scarce and discordant, but an increased activity of the HPA axis is reported in OCD patients. Moreover, normal basal cortisol levels and hyperresponsiveness of the adrenal cortex during a psychosocial stressor are observed in social phobics. Finally,abnormal HPA axis activity has also been observed in generalized anxiety disordered patients. While several hypothesis have attempted to explain these findings over time, currently the most widely accepted theory is that early stressful life events may provoke alterations of the stress response and thus of the HPA axis, that can endure during adulthood, predisposing individuals to develop psychopathology. All theories are reviewed and the authors conclude that childhood life events and HPA abnormalities may be specifically and transnosographically related to all anxiety disorders, as well as, more broadly, to all psychiatric disorders.展开更多
Background Globally, the number of internet users has crossed the three-billion mark, while in India users grew over 17% in the first 6 months of 2015 to 354 million. This study presented a background on internet use ...Background Globally, the number of internet users has crossed the three-billion mark, while in India users grew over 17% in the first 6 months of 2015 to 354 million. This study presented a background on internet use and the existence of excessive internet use. Aim To study the extent of internet use in 11th and 12th grade students and the psychopathology, if any, associated with excessive internet use. Methods 426 students who met the inclusion criteria were recruited from 11 th and 12th grade classes from Kendriya Vidyalaya, New Delhi, India, and were assessed by Young's Internet Addiction Test and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results Among the 426 students, the mean internet addiction total score was 36.63 (20.78), which indicated mild level of internet addiction. 1.41%(six students) was diagnosed as excessive internet users, while 30.28% and 23.94% were classified as moderate and mild internet users, respectively. The prevalence of internet addiction between gender was 58.22% in males and 41.78% in females. While both positive (prosocial) and negative (hyperactivity, emotional, conduct and peer problem) impacts of internet use were reported by students, in the current study excessive use of internet had a negative impact on students' lives as compared with positive impact, which was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Conclusion Excessive internet use led to abnormal behaviours which cause negative consequences to users. Early diagnosis of risk factors related to excessive internet use, provides education about responsible use and supervision of students by family members.展开更多
Aiming at the limitations of psychopathology (PTH), the dual-factor model of mental health (DFM) was proposed as a new mental health concept and methodology under the background of positive psychology trend. In this p...Aiming at the limitations of psychopathology (PTH), the dual-factor model of mental health (DFM) was proposed as a new mental health concept and methodology under the background of positive psychology trend. In this paper we propose giving an overview of DFM, and doubt, criticize, and modify DFM from the perspective of Chinese psychological suzhi research. The available literature from 1983 to 2012 that is related to DFM and concerning psychological suzhi research in the past 20 years has been reviewed. In addition, we also absorbed the idea of positive psychology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Constitution theory to develop theoretically the relationship model between psychological suzhi and mental health. The relationship model between psychological suzhi and mental health modifies and transcends PTH and DFM. It will be the new research area of mental health research.展开更多
Objectives: To analyze the association between alexithymia and alcohol intake during adolescence, also in relation to psychopathology, in order to identify psychological risk factors for alcohol misuse. Method: 3556 s...Objectives: To analyze the association between alexithymia and alcohol intake during adolescence, also in relation to psychopathology, in order to identify psychological risk factors for alcohol misuse. Method: 3556 students [mean age (range) 14.5 years (11-18)] were recruited in the Padua area. Each was administered a set of three questionnaires: the Toronto Alexithymia Scale for children (TAS-20) to measure alexithymia, the Questionnaire Adolescent Saturday evening (QAS) to estimate of alcohol intake, and the Youth Self-Report (YSR 11-18) to value psychopathology. Results: Externalizing problems appeared to increase with age and with the amount of alcohol consumed, unlike internalizing problems. The prevalence of alexithymia was 18%, decreasing with age, and it was not associated with alcohol consumption, and used except in younger subjects (≤13), for whom a positive correlation was observed between alexithymia, internalizing problems and alcohol intake. Conclusions: Younger adolescents are more psycho-emotionally vulnerable (internalizing problems and alexithymia) and at a greater risk of alcohol misuse.展开更多
Currently,psychiatry lacks a field that can be called“theoretical psychiatry”,which uses theoretical concepts and explanatory models:The main stream of research is to collect data of all kinds in the hope that the c...Currently,psychiatry lacks a field that can be called“theoretical psychiatry”,which uses theoretical concepts and explanatory models:The main stream of research is to collect data of all kinds in the hope that the computational Big Data approach will shed a bright light on the black box of mental disorders.Accordingly,the biology-based Research Domain Criteria of the National Institute of Mental Health have been established.However,as philosophical analyses of concepts and methods have shown,several epistemological gaps stand in the way of a consistent multilevel understanding of mental disorders.Also,the implicit ontological problems in the biological reduction of the psychosocial level and in the integration of so-called hard and soft disciplines are mostly left out.As a consequence,a non-reductive psychological theory of mental disorders is sought that also integrates correlating biological and sociological issues.In this context,one example of promising nonreductive psychiatric research is the option of systems/network psychopathology.The possibilities for integrating different psychological perspectives are highlighted for the field of addiction research and treatment,where pragmatic behaviorist approaches dominate over the theorybased practice of psychoanalysis.In comparing the theoretical constructs of these two approaches,the relevance of the concept of“(social)environment”as the wealth of influential sociocultural factors is discussed at levels superior to the interpersonal micro-level,namely the organizational meso-and societal macro level,which is not sufficiently considered in current biopsychiatry.On this basis of argumentation,the usefulness of grounding and framing psychiatry through the field of ecological sciences,especially human ecology,is demonstrated.Finally,to this end,an outline of an ecological model of mental health and illness is presented.展开更多
Background: The relationship between physical and psychopathological features in complex regional pain syndrome(CRPS) has been a subject of constant interest, but no data are available in adolescents. Therefore, we ai...Background: The relationship between physical and psychopathological features in complex regional pain syndrome(CRPS) has been a subject of constant interest, but no data are available in adolescents. Therefore, we aimed to identify the factors associated with psychopathology in adolescents with CRPS ahead of military service.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all conscription examinees who had completed a Military Personality Inventory(MPI) during a period between February 2013 and December 2016. A total of 63 persons with a history of CRPS(19-years of age for all) were enrolled. Basic demographic and pain-related data were analyzed to examine their association with MPI results. The mean FGR score as well as the 8 subdomain scores were compared between those with pain duration at <15 months(n=30) vs. ≥15 months(n=33). Binary MPI results(normal-abnormal) were also compared between the two groups.Results: In multivariate analysis, abnormal MPI was associated with pain duration, with an odds ratio(OR) at 1.05 for every 1-month increase [95% confidence interval(CI) 1.02–1.08;P=0.002]. Subjects with pain duration at ≥15 months have lower faking good response score(P<0.001 vs. those with pain duration at <15 months), and higher abnormal MPI result rate, faking bad response, inconsistency, anxiety, depression, somatization, paranoid, personality disorder cluster A, and personality disorder cluster B scores(P<0.05). Pain duration was significantly associated with the MPI variables.Conclusions: Pain duration is associated with psychopathology in adolescents with CRPS. Psychopathologic features increased as the disease duration increased. A comprehensive understanding of time-dependent psychopathological factors could support the planning of multimodal approaches for managing adolescent CRPS.展开更多
Tattooing the skin as a means of personal expression is a ritualized practice that has been around for centuries across many different cultures.Accordingly,the symbolic meaning of tattoos has evolved over time and is ...Tattooing the skin as a means of personal expression is a ritualized practice that has been around for centuries across many different cultures.Accordingly,the symbolic meaning of tattoos has evolved over time and is highly individualized,from both the internal perspective of the wearer and the external perspective of an observer.Within modern Western societies through the 1970 s,tattoos represented a cultural taboo,typically associated with those outside of the mainstream such as soldiers,incarcerated criminals,gang members,and others belonging to marginalized and counter-cultural groups.This paper aims to review the more recent epidemiology of tattoos in Western culture in order to establish that tattooing has become a mainstream phenomenon.We then review psychological and psychiatric aspects of tattoos,with a goal of revising outmoded stigmas about tattooing and helping clinicians working with tattooed patients to facilitate an exploration of the personal meaning of skin art and self-identity.We suggest that as a kind of augmentation of the physical exam,looking at and talking to patients about their tattoos can provide a valuable window into the psyche,informing clinical practice.展开更多
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)has become a conventional and potentially curative treatment for various hematological diseases.As more sophisticated procedures have been developed and mortality rates hav...Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)has become a conventional and potentially curative treatment for various hematological diseases.As more sophisticated procedures have been developed and mortality rates have decreased,attention has shifted to the psychosocial challenges associated with transplantation.The psychosocial difficulties accompanying transplantation are addressed in the context of both quality of life(QOL)and psychopathological research.Among the psychiatric comorbidities of HSCT,anxiety,depression,sleep and sexual disorders,delirium and post-traumatic stress disorder are the most studied conditions.Recently,more attention has been focused on the psychosocial burden of caregivers.Devising recommendations for the management of psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial interventions in HSCT sufferers and close relatives is a major concern to consultation–liaison psychiatrists and transplant teams.This review synthesizes and critically evaluates the current literature on the psychosocial aspects of HSCT and appraises the clinical significance of these outcomes.Issues of QOL assessment;psychosocial functioning and QOL in the course of HSCT;impact of graft-versus-host disease and other predictors of QOL and psychosocial functioning;comorbid psychiatric disorders;and interventions to maintain or improve QOL and reduce psychopathology and psychosocial burden on family members are presented.展开更多
文摘Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychic repercussions of sexual assault among female students in Parakou in 2023. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from December 2022 to July 2023 among all students at the University of Parakou. The sampling technique was stratified non-proportional at two levels. The dependent variable was self-reported sexual assault. The psychopathological repercussions linked to sexual assault and explored in these students were: post-traumatic stress disorder assessed with the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5 (PCL-5) scale;and current depression screened with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale. Results: A total of 376 female students from the University of Parakou meeting the inclusion criteria were surveyed. The average age of the subjects surveyed was 20.56 ± 2.46 years, with extremes of 16 and 32 years. A predominance of subjects under 25 was observed. The prevalence of sexual assault among female students at the University of Parakou was 10.63%. The types of aggression suffered were mostly rape (18 people;45%) and sexual touching (16 people;40%), and the aggressors were mainly friends/boyfriends (13;32.5%), family members (12;30.0%) and people from the house/neighborhood (9;22.5%). Psychological repercussions included depression in 72.5% (29) of cases, with mild depression in 30% (12), moderate depression in 37.5% (15) and severe depression in 5% (2). Anxiety disorders were present in 27.50% (11) of victims. The risk factors associated with sexual assault in these students were gravidity (p = 0.014;OR = 15.32), unhappy life events (p = 0.01;OR = 17.24), and age of first sexual intercourse (p = 0.016;OR = 4.608). Conclusion: One in ten female students in Parakou has been sexually assaulted. Once again, preventive action through effective sex education is a means of fighting the problem that should be prioritized for every girl and boy from an early age. Psychological support by specialists should be offered to any victim discovered without delay. Communication on the subject should be multiplied in all family and academic educational environments, from the lowest to the highest levels.
文摘The aim of the current study was to investigate the gender differences in aesthetic rhinoplasty candidates in dimensions of psychopathology. Considering the existing body of literature, it was hypothesized that women would score higher in different dimensions of psychopathology. SCL-90-R was used to evaluate the differences. This instrument consists of 10 subscales which measure depression, anxiety, phobia, hostility, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, somatization, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, and added items of psychopathology. Independent t-test between male patients (n = 19) and female patients (n = 32) was performed. Findings indicated that women had higher scores in four subscales. Women had higher scores in anxiety (P < 0.01), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (P < 0.05), depression (P < 0.05), and added items (P < 0.05). Effect size measures were calculated in order for better interpretation of statistical significance tests. Findings supported the notion that women who applied for aesthetic rhinoplasty showed higher scores of anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and general psychopathological symptoms. Surgeons can utilize validated psychometric instruments in order to screen psychologically disturbed patients as these patients are more likely to show dissatisfaction after the surgery.
文摘Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction,alongside restricted,repetitive patterns of behaviors(RRB),interests,or activities.It often co-occurs with various neuropsychiatric disorders,though their frequency varies widely due to unclear boundaries between the core features of ASD and common comorbidities.Catatonia,increasingly noted in neurodevelopmental conditions like ASD,shares striking similarities with ASD in symptomatology,brain mech-anisms,and treatment responses,prompting the question of whether it is a core feature of ASD or a distinct condition.This paper delved into this overlap,ex-ploring the relationship between catatonia and ASD through a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature from 1943 to 2024,sourced from PubMed and psy-chiatric journals.Focusing on ASD diagnostic evolution,symptom overlap with catatonia,and shared neurobiological and therapeutic characteristics,we used thematic analysis to synthesize findings into key areas such as historical nosology,phenomenological overlap,neurobiological parallels,and treatment response.The evidence revealed weak support for separating catatonia from overlapping RRB features of ASD,suggesting that some RRB might align more with comorbid catatonia than intrinsic ASD traits.However,this idea needs further validation through rigorous clinical trials.Clarifying this relationship could refine diagnostic approaches and open doors to targeted treatments,potentially improving out-comes for those affected.
基金supported by National Institute of Mental Health(NIMH)Grant MH68853the National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism(MIPT)and Office of State and Local Government Coordination and Preparedness,US Department of Homeland Security MIPT106-113-2000-020.
文摘Background:Disaster mental health outcomes of individuals may be affected by the families they inhabit,with effects rippling through the entire family system.Existing research on the experience of children in disasters has typically been limited to examining single individuals or,at most,family dyads.Research is needed to explore interactions within families as a whole,including interactions among multiple family members,as well as with community entities in a broad systems approach with dynamic analysis of family systems over time.The purpose of this study was to combine quantitative and qualitative data using structured diagnostic interviews and accompanying open-ended narratives of family members(spouses and children)of survivors of the 9/11 attacks.Methods:This study examined 60 members in 25 families of employees affected by the 9/11 attacks on New York City’s World Trade Center,using a mixed methods approach,collecting quantitative data using full assessments of psychiatric disorders and qualitative data from detailed personal disaster narratives.The employees were a highly 9/11 trauma-exposed group,with about one-fourth developing posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD).The employees’exposures and PTSD did not regularly appear to propagate straightforwardly to psychopathology in their spouses or children.Based on the impact of disaster experience,4 illustrative families were selected for narrative and family systems analyses.Results:Qualitative analysis of their narratives suggested distinct family system patterns or archetypes that may reflect different ways that families cope with disaster.Conclusion:Findings suggest that family systems and family dynamics may influence not only disaster trauma-exposed members but also other family members in supporting one another and coping with the disaster,with interactions with outside community influences adding further complexity.This information may help guide disaster response efforts to provide psychosocial support targeted to specific family patterns.
文摘BACKGROUND Alexithymia is defined as difficulties in identifying,expressing,and understanding emotions.An unapproving environment during childhood is defined as the child not receiving emotional approval from their parents,being punished,or having their emotions devalued.The formation of self-esteem is shaped by the influence of parental behavior during childhood.The commu-nication that the child establishes with their parents contributes to their increased self-esteem and sense of importance.The absence of this may play a role in developmental psychopathology.AIM To examine the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between a disapproving environment in childhood and alexithymia.METHODS The research in the relational screening model was conducted with 404 participants.Demographic Information Form,Disapproving Environment Scale in Childhood,Toronto Alexithymia Scale,and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used as data collection tools.Hayes’bootstrapping technique was used in the analysis of the data obtained from the research.RESULTS As a result of the analyses,parental disapproval positively predicted the level of alexithymia(rmother=0.51,rfather=0.52,P<0.05)and negatively predicted selfesteem(rmother=-0.75,rfather=-0.67,P<0.05).Additionally,self-esteem negatively predicted alexithymia(r=-0.58,P<0.05).It was observed that self-esteem had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between parental disapproval and alexithymia.Family types were analyzed separately as chaotic,approving,perfect,and typical.Of these,the chaotic family type positively predicted alexithymia(r=0.33,P<0.05)and negatively predicted self-esteem(r=-0.60,P<0.05).The approving family type negatively predicted alexithymia(r=-0.43,P<0.05)and positively predicted self-esteem(r=0.61,P<0.05).The perfect family type negatively predicted alexithymia(r=-0.27,P<0.05)and positively predicted self-esteem(r=-0.45,P<0.05).CONCLUSION The type of family in which the child grows up in and parental disapproval during childhood affected the child’s self-esteem and caused alexithymic personality traits.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.8212018014,82071908,81761128023,and 82101998)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.2021JDTD0002 and 2020YJ0018)+4 种基金Post-Doctor Research Project,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(Grant No.2020HXBH005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2020SCU12053)Miaozi Project in Science and Technology Innovation Program of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2021028)1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(Project Nos.ZYYC08001 and ZYJC18020)Dr Lui acknowledges the support from Humboldt Foundation Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award and Chang Jiang Scholars(Program No.T2019069).
文摘Background Schizophrenia is considered to be a disorder of dysconnectivity characterized by abnormal functional integration between distinct brain regions.Different brain connection abnormalities were found to be correlated with various clinical manifestations,but whether a common deficit in functional connectivity(FC)in relation to both clinical symptoms and cognitive impairments could present in first-episode patients who have never received any medication remains elusive.Objective To find a core deficit in the brain connectome that is related to both psychopathological and cognitive manifestations.Methods A total of 75 patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 51 healthy control participants underwent scanning of the brain and clinical ratings of behaviors.A principal component analysis was performed on the clinical ratings of symptom and cognition.Partial correlation analyses were conducted between the main psychopathological components and resting-state FC that were found abnormal in schizophrenia patients.Results Using the principal component analysis,the first principal component(PC1)explained 37%of the total variance of seven clinical features.The ratings of GAF and BACS contributed negatively to PC1,while those of PANSS,HAMD,and HAMA contributed positively.The FCs positively correlated with PC1 mainly included connections related to the insula,precuneus gyrus,and some frontal brain regions.FCs negatively correlated with PC1 mainly included connections between the left middle cingulate cortex and superior and middle occipital regions.Conclusion In conclusion,we found a linked pattern of FC associated with both psychopathological and cognitive manifestations in drug-na¨ıve first-episode schizophrenia characterized as the dysconnection related to the frontal and visual cortex,which may represent a core deficit of brain FC in patients with schizophrenia.
基金Supported by Shanghai Pudong New Area Science and Technology Development and Livelihood Research Special Fund Support Project,No.PKJ2023-Y80Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Specialized Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center Project,No.PDZY-2022-05-01.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia may have various disease manifestations,most of which gradually tend toward incurable chronic decline,leading to mental disability.The basic symptoms of the disease can impair social function,whereas long-term hospitalization produces hospitalization syndrome,causing serious damage to social function.AIM To investigate the effects of Computerized Cognitive Remediation Therapy(CCRT)on cognitive and social functioning in patients with chronic schizophrenia.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 120 patients with chronic schizophrenia in Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center was performed.They were divided into an intervention group(60 cases treated with CCRT combined with conventional medication)and a control group(60 cases treated with conventional medication).After treatment,effects on cognitive function and social roles were observed in both groups.The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)was used to assess the patients'psychiatric symptoms.The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST)was used to assess the patients'cognitive functioning,and the Social Functioning Scale for Psychiatric Inpatients(SSPI)was used to assess the social functioning of the inpatient psychiatric patients.RESULTS No significant differences were observed in the PANSS,WCST,and SSPI intergroup scores before treatment(P>0.05).After 2,4,and 6 wk of therapy,general psychopathological factors,positive symptoms,negative symptoms,and total PANSS scores of PANSS in the intervention group were lower than in the control group(P<0.05).After 2,4,and 6 wk of treatment,the number of false responses,number of persistent bugs,and total responses in the WCST were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group(P<0.05),and the amount of completed classification was significantly higher than in the control group(P<0.05).After 2,4,and 6 wk of therapy,the SSPI scores were significantly greater than those of the controls(P<0.05).After 6 wk of treatment,the efficacy rates of the control and intervention groups were 81.67%and 91.67%,respectively.The curative effect in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION CCRT can significantly improve cognitive function and social abilities in patients with chronic schizophrenia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(82151303)the National Key R&D Program of China(2021ZD0204002)+3 种基金the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B030335001)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX05)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Science(XDB32000000)supported in part by the Postdoctoral Fellowship of the Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences.GSP data were provided by the Brain Genomics Superstruct Project of Harvard University and the Massachusetts General Hospital,(Principal Investigators:Randy Buckner,Joshua Roffman,and Jordan Smoller),with support from the Center for Brain Science Neuroinformatics Research Group,the Athinoula A.Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging,and GSP Open Access Documentation the Center for Human Genetic Research.20 individual investigators at Harvard and MGH generously contributed data to the overall project.
文摘Psychiatric comorbidity is common in symptombased diagnoses like autism spectrum disorder(ASD),attention/deficit hyper-activity disorder(ADHD),and obsessivecompulsive disorder(OCD).However,these co-occurring symptoms mediated by shared and/or distinct neural mechanisms are difficult to profile at the individual level.Capitalizing on unsupervised machine learning with a hierarchical Bayesian framework,we derived latent disease factors from resting-state functional connectivity data in a hybrid cohort of ASD and ADHD and delineated individual associations with dimensional symptoms based on canonical correlation analysis.Models based on the same factors generalized to previously unseen individuals in a subclinical cohort and one local OCD database with a subset of patients undergoing neurosurgical intervention.Four factors,identified as variably co-expressed in each patient,were significantly correlated with distinct symptom domains(r=–0.26–0.53,P<0.05):behavioral regulation(Factor-1),communication(Factor-2),anxiety(Factor-3),adaptive behaviors(Factor-4).Moreover,we demonstrated Factor-1 expressed in patients with OCD and Factor-3 expressed in participants with anxiety,at the degree to which factor expression was significantly predictive of individual symptom scores(r=0.18–0.5,P<0.01).Importantly,peri-intervention changes in Factor-1 of OCD were associated with variable treatment outcomes(r=0.39,P<0.05).Our results indicate that these data-derived latent disease factors quantify individual factor expression to inform dimensional symptom and treatment outcomes across cohorts,which may promote quantitative psychiatric diagnosis and personalized intervention.
基金Supported by Guangxi Higher Education Undergraduate Teaching Reform Project,No.2022JGA146Guangxi Educational Science Planning Key Project,No.2022ZJY2791+1 种基金Guangxi Medical University Key Textbook Construction Project,No.Gxmuzdjc2223Guangxi Medical High-Level Key Talents Training“139”Program.
文摘BACKGROUND Despite advances in research on psychopathology and social media use,no comprehensive review has examined published papers on this type of research and considered how it was affected by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak.AIM To explore the status of research on psychopathology and social media use before and after the COVID-19 outbreak.METHODS We used Bibliometrix(an R software package)to conduct a scientometric analysis of 4588 relevant studies drawn from the Web of Science Core Collection,PubMed,and Scopus databases.RESULTS Such research output was scarce before COVID-19,but exploded after the pandemic with the publication of a number of high-impact articles.Key authors and institutions,located primarily in developed countries,maintained their core positions,largely uninfluenced by COVID-19;however,research production and collaboration in developing countries increased significantly after COVID-19.Through the analysis of keywords,we identified commonly used methods in this field,together with specific populations,psychopathological conditions,and clinical treatments.Researchers have devoted increasing attention to gender differences in psychopathological states and linked COVID-19 strongly to depression,with depression detection becoming a new trend.Developments in research on psychopathology and social media use are unbalanced and uncoordinated across countries/regions,and more indepth clinical studies should be conducted in the future.CONCLUSION After COVID-19,there was an increased level of concern about mental health issues and a changing emphasis on social media use and the impact of public health emergencies.
文摘Developing health and counselling professionals remains an important part of supporting mental health services in Cambodia.This paper aims to identify how the key stakeholders and mental health experts in Cambodia consider how a university level health counselling course could contribute to addressing the needs/treatment gap for mental health services in Cambodia.In order to do this,the study consists of semi-structured interviews with stakeholders,community needs assessment,and community resource mapping.The data were drawn from 15 NGOs,various profit and not-for-profit organizations as well as two key government stakeholders.The participants were invited to take part in a stakeholders/expert semi-structured interview that lasted between 30-60 minutes at the participants’organizations.The findings revealed that all participants believe that a university level health counseling course was crucial in Cambodia to address pressing mental health issues in the country.Most participants believed that a graduate or post-graduate level program such as a B.A.or M.A.was necessary to train qualified counsellors.The program should be internationally benchmarked,with a Cambodian context.Topics should include psychopathology,professional ethics and competencies,counselling theories and interventions,trauma treatment,as well as emotional intelligence and addiction.Other topics might need to include parenting,support system for suicidal patients,self-care,staff wellbeing programs,and school counselor programs.
文摘Introduction: Fostering is a widespread practice in West Africa. It played an essential role in the circulation of children. The failure of its community regulation, not compensated by a legal framework, has made its practice precarious. Observation: A case study was conducted on Dior, who was hospitalised in a psychiatric ward for a delusional disorder of filiation. Dior was entrusted to her maternal grandmother and aunt at ages 2 and 9. During these fosterings, the place of the symbolic father was not substituted, causing a void that challenged her imagination. The outcome was an inscription in a genealogy where she had found herself with prestigious parents. Discussion: Fostering has strongly disrupted the family dynamics in Dior’s case. One of her options was to assume the paternal function, the use of which was perceived as a defiance or even a transgression. This same function would be a starting point of a psychosis whose filial character would only be an attempt at rectification where reality and imagination collide. Conclusion: Our study reveals the importance of stable parental figures at stake in fostering contexts, which constitute a risk factor for the development of a subsequent psychosis.
文摘In this retrospective study, we have researched the psychological impact of pre-symptomatic testing (PST) for 2 autosomal dominant late-onset diseases: Huntington disease (HD and familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) V30M TTR. The study included 53 subjects: 40 (75.5%) were the offspring at risk for FAP and 13 (24.5%) for HD. Of these, 38 (73.1%) received the carrier result and 12 (23.1%) the noncarrier result;3 of them did not want to know the result. The indicators taken for emotional distress were the subscales and global indexes of psychopathological Behavior Symptoms Inventory (BSI), applied in the pre-test and post-test, one-year after notification of results. Values decreased significantly one year after the implementation of the PST, regardless of the studied disease or test result;this seems to corroborate previous studies showing that testing does not increase pre-symptomatic levels of emotional disturbance in individuals. However, the subjects studied showed, for all subscales and global indexes of the BSI, significantly higher values than those of control groups.
文摘Anxiety disorders are among the most common of all mental disorders and their pathogenesis is a major topic in psychiatry, both for prevention and treatment. Early stressful life events and alterations of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal(HPA) axis function seem to have a significant role in the onset of anxiety. Existing data appear to support the mediating effect of the HPA axis between childhood traumata and posttraumatic stress disorder. Findings on the HPA axis activity at baseline and after stimuli in panic disordered patients are inconclusive, even if stressful life events may have a triggering function in the development of this disorder. Data on the relationship between stress, HPA axis functioning and obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) are scarce and discordant, but an increased activity of the HPA axis is reported in OCD patients. Moreover, normal basal cortisol levels and hyperresponsiveness of the adrenal cortex during a psychosocial stressor are observed in social phobics. Finally,abnormal HPA axis activity has also been observed in generalized anxiety disordered patients. While several hypothesis have attempted to explain these findings over time, currently the most widely accepted theory is that early stressful life events may provoke alterations of the stress response and thus of the HPA axis, that can endure during adulthood, predisposing individuals to develop psychopathology. All theories are reviewed and the authors conclude that childhood life events and HPA abnormalities may be specifically and transnosographically related to all anxiety disorders, as well as, more broadly, to all psychiatric disorders.
文摘Background Globally, the number of internet users has crossed the three-billion mark, while in India users grew over 17% in the first 6 months of 2015 to 354 million. This study presented a background on internet use and the existence of excessive internet use. Aim To study the extent of internet use in 11th and 12th grade students and the psychopathology, if any, associated with excessive internet use. Methods 426 students who met the inclusion criteria were recruited from 11 th and 12th grade classes from Kendriya Vidyalaya, New Delhi, India, and were assessed by Young's Internet Addiction Test and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results Among the 426 students, the mean internet addiction total score was 36.63 (20.78), which indicated mild level of internet addiction. 1.41%(six students) was diagnosed as excessive internet users, while 30.28% and 23.94% were classified as moderate and mild internet users, respectively. The prevalence of internet addiction between gender was 58.22% in males and 41.78% in females. While both positive (prosocial) and negative (hyperactivity, emotional, conduct and peer problem) impacts of internet use were reported by students, in the current study excessive use of internet had a negative impact on students' lives as compared with positive impact, which was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Conclusion Excessive internet use led to abnormal behaviours which cause negative consequences to users. Early diagnosis of risk factors related to excessive internet use, provides education about responsible use and supervision of students by family members.
文摘Aiming at the limitations of psychopathology (PTH), the dual-factor model of mental health (DFM) was proposed as a new mental health concept and methodology under the background of positive psychology trend. In this paper we propose giving an overview of DFM, and doubt, criticize, and modify DFM from the perspective of Chinese psychological suzhi research. The available literature from 1983 to 2012 that is related to DFM and concerning psychological suzhi research in the past 20 years has been reviewed. In addition, we also absorbed the idea of positive psychology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Constitution theory to develop theoretically the relationship model between psychological suzhi and mental health. The relationship model between psychological suzhi and mental health modifies and transcends PTH and DFM. It will be the new research area of mental health research.
文摘Objectives: To analyze the association between alexithymia and alcohol intake during adolescence, also in relation to psychopathology, in order to identify psychological risk factors for alcohol misuse. Method: 3556 students [mean age (range) 14.5 years (11-18)] were recruited in the Padua area. Each was administered a set of three questionnaires: the Toronto Alexithymia Scale for children (TAS-20) to measure alexithymia, the Questionnaire Adolescent Saturday evening (QAS) to estimate of alcohol intake, and the Youth Self-Report (YSR 11-18) to value psychopathology. Results: Externalizing problems appeared to increase with age and with the amount of alcohol consumed, unlike internalizing problems. The prevalence of alexithymia was 18%, decreasing with age, and it was not associated with alcohol consumption, and used except in younger subjects (≤13), for whom a positive correlation was observed between alexithymia, internalizing problems and alcohol intake. Conclusions: Younger adolescents are more psycho-emotionally vulnerable (internalizing problems and alexithymia) and at a greater risk of alcohol misuse.
文摘Currently,psychiatry lacks a field that can be called“theoretical psychiatry”,which uses theoretical concepts and explanatory models:The main stream of research is to collect data of all kinds in the hope that the computational Big Data approach will shed a bright light on the black box of mental disorders.Accordingly,the biology-based Research Domain Criteria of the National Institute of Mental Health have been established.However,as philosophical analyses of concepts and methods have shown,several epistemological gaps stand in the way of a consistent multilevel understanding of mental disorders.Also,the implicit ontological problems in the biological reduction of the psychosocial level and in the integration of so-called hard and soft disciplines are mostly left out.As a consequence,a non-reductive psychological theory of mental disorders is sought that also integrates correlating biological and sociological issues.In this context,one example of promising nonreductive psychiatric research is the option of systems/network psychopathology.The possibilities for integrating different psychological perspectives are highlighted for the field of addiction research and treatment,where pragmatic behaviorist approaches dominate over the theorybased practice of psychoanalysis.In comparing the theoretical constructs of these two approaches,the relevance of the concept of“(social)environment”as the wealth of influential sociocultural factors is discussed at levels superior to the interpersonal micro-level,namely the organizational meso-and societal macro level,which is not sufficiently considered in current biopsychiatry.On this basis of argumentation,the usefulness of grounding and framing psychiatry through the field of ecological sciences,especially human ecology,is demonstrated.Finally,to this end,an outline of an ecological model of mental health and illness is presented.
文摘Background: The relationship between physical and psychopathological features in complex regional pain syndrome(CRPS) has been a subject of constant interest, but no data are available in adolescents. Therefore, we aimed to identify the factors associated with psychopathology in adolescents with CRPS ahead of military service.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all conscription examinees who had completed a Military Personality Inventory(MPI) during a period between February 2013 and December 2016. A total of 63 persons with a history of CRPS(19-years of age for all) were enrolled. Basic demographic and pain-related data were analyzed to examine their association with MPI results. The mean FGR score as well as the 8 subdomain scores were compared between those with pain duration at <15 months(n=30) vs. ≥15 months(n=33). Binary MPI results(normal-abnormal) were also compared between the two groups.Results: In multivariate analysis, abnormal MPI was associated with pain duration, with an odds ratio(OR) at 1.05 for every 1-month increase [95% confidence interval(CI) 1.02–1.08;P=0.002]. Subjects with pain duration at ≥15 months have lower faking good response score(P<0.001 vs. those with pain duration at <15 months), and higher abnormal MPI result rate, faking bad response, inconsistency, anxiety, depression, somatization, paranoid, personality disorder cluster A, and personality disorder cluster B scores(P<0.05). Pain duration was significantly associated with the MPI variables.Conclusions: Pain duration is associated with psychopathology in adolescents with CRPS. Psychopathologic features increased as the disease duration increased. A comprehensive understanding of time-dependent psychopathological factors could support the planning of multimodal approaches for managing adolescent CRPS.
文摘Tattooing the skin as a means of personal expression is a ritualized practice that has been around for centuries across many different cultures.Accordingly,the symbolic meaning of tattoos has evolved over time and is highly individualized,from both the internal perspective of the wearer and the external perspective of an observer.Within modern Western societies through the 1970 s,tattoos represented a cultural taboo,typically associated with those outside of the mainstream such as soldiers,incarcerated criminals,gang members,and others belonging to marginalized and counter-cultural groups.This paper aims to review the more recent epidemiology of tattoos in Western culture in order to establish that tattooing has become a mainstream phenomenon.We then review psychological and psychiatric aspects of tattoos,with a goal of revising outmoded stigmas about tattooing and helping clinicians working with tattooed patients to facilitate an exploration of the personal meaning of skin art and self-identity.We suggest that as a kind of augmentation of the physical exam,looking at and talking to patients about their tattoos can provide a valuable window into the psyche,informing clinical practice.
文摘Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)has become a conventional and potentially curative treatment for various hematological diseases.As more sophisticated procedures have been developed and mortality rates have decreased,attention has shifted to the psychosocial challenges associated with transplantation.The psychosocial difficulties accompanying transplantation are addressed in the context of both quality of life(QOL)and psychopathological research.Among the psychiatric comorbidities of HSCT,anxiety,depression,sleep and sexual disorders,delirium and post-traumatic stress disorder are the most studied conditions.Recently,more attention has been focused on the psychosocial burden of caregivers.Devising recommendations for the management of psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial interventions in HSCT sufferers and close relatives is a major concern to consultation–liaison psychiatrists and transplant teams.This review synthesizes and critically evaluates the current literature on the psychosocial aspects of HSCT and appraises the clinical significance of these outcomes.Issues of QOL assessment;psychosocial functioning and QOL in the course of HSCT;impact of graft-versus-host disease and other predictors of QOL and psychosocial functioning;comorbid psychiatric disorders;and interventions to maintain or improve QOL and reduce psychopathology and psychosocial burden on family members are presented.
