Background:Military operation personnel often suffer from sleep difficulty because of their work requirements.In this study,we investigated the efficacy of zaleplon at two doses to induce afternoon-sleep under noise i...Background:Military operation personnel often suffer from sleep difficulty because of their work requirements.In this study,we investigated the efficacy of zaleplon at two doses to induce afternoon-sleep under noise interference and its effects on psychomotor performance and vestibular function; we subsequently established the optimal dosage regimen for military operation personnel.Methods:Twenty-two healthy young male volunteers were recruited for the study.Eight subjects took 10 mg or 15 mg of zaleplon and placebo alternately and then were exposed to noise.Changes in polysomnography(PSG) indices,including sleep latency(SL),sleep efficiency(SE) and sleep structure,were recorded after drug administration.After awakening,the volunteers' subjective judgments of sleep quality and sleepiness were measured.Eight volunteers underwent 3 psychomotor performance tests at a one-week interval,and the psychomotor performance tests were conducted before and after taking zaleplon and placebo.Six volunteers participated in the vestibular function test session,and parameters,including optokinetic nystagmus(OKN),vestibular ocular reflex(VOR),visualvestibular ocular reflex(VVOR) and vestibular ocular reflex fixation suppression(VOR-Fix),were detected by the same experimental design as described above.The data of sleep observations were subjected to one-way variance analysis.Results:Compared with the placebo group,SL was shortened significantly,and the scores of subjective sleep quality and sleep depth were clearly increased in the zaleplon 10 mg group(P<0.05).Moreover,the SE and the percent of REM(rapid eye movement) sleep were increased remarkably in the zaleplon 15 mg group(P<0.01).Furthermore,the SE,percent of REM sleep and scores of subjective sleep depth in the zaleplon 15 mg group were significantly higher than in the zaleplon 10 mg group(P<0.05).The psychomotor performance did not change significantly after ingestion of 10 mg or 15 mg of zaleplon,whereas the OKN and VOR gains were lower in the two dose groups of zaleplon(P<0.05) and restored to normal 3h after drug ingestion.Conclusion:Zaleplon is an ideal hypnotic for military personnel,and its hypnotic efficiency is dose-related under noise interference; a 15 mg dose of zaleplon could provide significantly better sleep than a 10 mg dose of zaleplon.展开更多
Psychomotor performance is the coordination of a sensory or ideational(cognitive)process and a motor activity.All sensorimotor processes involved in planning and execution of voluntary movements need oxygen supply and...Psychomotor performance is the coordination of a sensory or ideational(cognitive)process and a motor activity.All sensorimotor processes involved in planning and execution of voluntary movements need oxygen supply and seem to be significantly disrupted in states of hypoxia.Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has become a widely used treatment in routine medicine and sport medicine due to its beneficial effects on different aspects of human physiology and performance.This paper presents state-of-the-art data on the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on different aspects of human psychomotor function.The therapy’s influence on musculoskeletal properties and motor abilities as well as the effects of hyperbaric oxygenation on cognitive,myocardial and pulmonary functions are presented.In this review the molecular and physiological processes related to human psychomotor performance in response to hyperbaric oxygen are discussed to contribute to this fast-growing field of research in integrative medicine.展开更多
Premature infants are at risk for developmental delay. We assessed the psychomotor development of children born before 37 weeks of gestation.?Methods:?This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the Pedi...Premature infants are at risk for developmental delay. We assessed the psychomotor development of children born before 37 weeks of gestation.?Methods:?This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the Pediatric Department of the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital from January to May 2018. We used the Denver II scale to assess the psychomotor development of children born premature aged 9 months to 6 years. Children born between January 2012 and April 2017 at a gestational age strictly below 37 weeks of gestation were included. Using logistic regression, we searched for perinatal factors associated with abnormalities of psychomotor developmental.?Results:?We included 50 children in our study, 60% of whom were boys, giving a sex ratio of 1.5. The mean age was 25 ± 19.5 months. The mean gestational age was 33 ± 2.2 weeks and the mean birth weight was 2178.68 ± 748.01 g. The average Developmental Quotient of the population was 108. Six children (12%) had a global developmental delay (DQ ?70), 22% of the children had a language delay. Convulsion was associated with motor delay (OR = 16;P = 0.03), and pregnancy monitoring a protective factor for language delay (P = 0.02).?Conclusion:?Improving perinatal care remains a preoccupying issue. The assessment of psychomotor development should be done until early childhood to enable early diagnosis of learning disabilities.展开更多
Introduction: Low birth weight is a key indicator of newborn health. The objective of this study was to contribute to the reduction of low birth weight-related morbidity and mortality. Patients and Methods: cohort stu...Introduction: Low birth weight is a key indicator of newborn health. The objective of this study was to contribute to the reduction of low birth weight-related morbidity and mortality. Patients and Methods: cohort study conducted from January 2019 to July 2020 at the “Mère-Enfant” University Hospital Centre (UHC) of Libreville. All newborns with a birth weight 2500 g were included. The clinical data of patients were studied. They were followed over a period of 12 months and assessed psychomotorly by the Brunet-Lézine scale. Results: 1260/9035 births of low birth weight (14.0%) were observed, and 300 among them were included. The mortality rate was 27.0% (81) and 219 were followed for 12 months. The sex ratio was 0.8, the average birth weight was 2008.6 ± 215.2 g. The average gestational age was 34 ± 12 weeks with 75.3% prematurity. An infant disease was observed in 61.6% of cases and respiratory pathologies were more observed except at 3 months of age where the proportion of digestive pathologies was 20.5%. At the time of the last consultation at 12 months of life, 76.2% of infants had no pathology. The quotients of postural development, language and coordination were normal (between 110 - 70) respectively in 75.4%, 99.1% and 68% of cases at the age of 12 months. The psychomotor development quotient was correlated with the birth weight in the language area r = 0.15 (p = 0.024), posture r = 0.15 (p = 0.015) and coordination r = 0.15 (p = 0.026) respectively. Conclusion: Low birth weight is a public health problem at UHCME-JEF. Despite the fact that psychomotor development can be said to be satisfactory, many efforts remain to be made to reduce low birth weight levels and improve survival.展开更多
Background: We studied the development of eight (8) different psychomotor and sensory functions in male and female rats, from postnatal day 10 to 45, with the aim of determining whether the ontogenesis of these functi...Background: We studied the development of eight (8) different psychomotor and sensory functions in male and female rats, from postnatal day 10 to 45, with the aim of determining whether the ontogenesis of these functions was subject to sexual dimorphism. Methods: Wistar rats bred according to standard conditions in our laboratories were put into reproduction. Ten days after whelping, male and female pups were identified and subjected to a battery of behavioral tests on postnatal days 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 45, to assess the development of the following psychomotor and sensory functions: Exploratory activity, locomotor activity, emotional defecation, hind paws lifting reflex latency, wire-grasping time, Latencies of execution of crawling along the wire and of leap onto the ground, nociception (tail flick) and body weight. Results: Only complex brain functions generated by cerebral cortex activities, i.e. exploratory activity and leap execution latency, do not undergo differential development sex-dependent. However, voluntary motor functions initiated in the motor cortex, and requiring high peripheral muscle performance such as crawling execution latency and wire-grasping time developed more rapidly in males than in females. Correlatively, body weight i.e. muscle mass index increased more speedily in males than in females. On the other hand, studies of automatic motor functions such as locomotor activity, and reflex motor functions i.e. hind paws lifting reflex latency and tail flick latency showed earlier development in females than in males. In addition, the study of emotional response, an emanation of limbic structures, showed prodigious development in females compared to males. Conclusion: Our studies have shown that there is a developmental sexual dimorphism of the central nervous system in the rat. Indeed, studies of automatic and reflex motor functions, whose activities are essentially linked to the spinal cord and brainstem, indicated that hindbrain areas develop more speedily in females than in males. Likewise, study of the emotional response emanating from diencephalic limbic structures, in particular the hypothalamus, showed a prodigious and early development in females compared to males. Taken together, our studies indicate that the vast majority of brain structures and functions reached maturation earlier in females than in males. Estrogen is the trigger hormone for early maturation of the female brain.展开更多
BACKGROUND Symptoms of depression and comorbid anxiety are known risk factors for cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder(MDD).Understanding their relationships is crucial for developing targeted interventio...BACKGROUND Symptoms of depression and comorbid anxiety are known risk factors for cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder(MDD).Understanding their relationships is crucial for developing targeted interventions to mitigate cognitive impairments in MDD patients.We expect that the severity of sleep disturbances and other depressive symptoms will be positively correlated with the degree of cognitive impairments.We also hypothesize that anxiety symptoms,especially psychic anxiety,is a key factor in predicting cognitive performance in MDD patients and may indirectly contribute to cognitive impairment by affecting sleep disturbances and other potential factors.AIM To determine which dimension of the depressive and anxiety symptoms predicts cognitive impairment during a depressive episode.METHODS A comprehensive neurocognitive test battery assessed executive function,attention,processing speed,and memory in 162 medication-free MDD patients and 142 matched healthy controls.The 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms,and the 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Scale was used to assess anxiety symptoms.Linear regression analyses and mediation analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of depressive and anxiety symptoms,as well as their interactions,on cognitive impairments.RESULTS Among the depressive symptoms,sleep disturbances were associated with poorer executive function(P=0.004),lower processing speed(P=0.047),and memory impairments(P<0.001),and psychomotor retardation(PR)was associated with lower processing speed in patients with MDD(P=0.019).Notably,PR was found to mediate the impact of sleep disturbances on the processing speed.Regarding anxiety symptoms,psychic anxiety,rather than somatic anxiety,was associated with cognitive impairments in all aspects.Sleep disturbances mediated the effect of psychic anxiety on executive function[β=-0.013,BC CI(-0.027,-0.001)]and memory[β=-0.149,BC CI(-0.237,-0.063)],while PR mediated its effect on processing speed(β=-0.023,BC CI(-0.045,-0.004)].CONCLUSION Sleep disturbances may be a key predictor of poorer executive function,lower processing speed,and memory loss,while PR is crucial for lower processing speed during a depressive episode.Psychic anxiety contributes to all aspects of cognitive impairments,mediated by sleep disturbances and PR.展开更多
Background: Psychomotor delays in children are mainly investigated by CT imaging, due to the low availability and accessibility of magnetic resonance imaging in our context. Our aim was to study the CT aspects of psyc...Background: Psychomotor delays in children are mainly investigated by CT imaging, due to the low availability and accessibility of magnetic resonance imaging in our context. Our aim was to study the CT aspects of psychomotor retardation (PMR) in children under 5 years of age at the University Hospital of Ouagadougou. Materials and Methods: Descriptive study with retrospective collection carried out over a period of twelve months (from September 2020 to August 2021). Our study focused on the reports of cranioencephalic CT scans performed on children aged 0 to 5 years, in whom a clinical diagnosis of psychomotor retardation had been made. Variables studied included socio-demographic data, clinical data, technique of CT examination, description of lesions and normality or not of the conclusion. Results: Cranioencephalic CT in children aged 0 - 5 years represented 9.78% of all CT scans performed in this age group. The sex ratio was 1.39. The mean age of the subjects in these reports was 18.31 ± 13.97 months and the modal class was [13 - 24] months. The CT scan was considered pathological in 85.10% of cases (n = 57). The most frequently noted encephalic anomalies were cerebral atrophy isolated in 54.4% of the cases (n = 31) or associated with other lesions in 30.1% of the cases (n = 17). Hydrocephalus was noted in 19.5% of the cases (n = 11). Conclusion: The lesions were mostly sequelae of cerebral ischaemia or cerebromeningeal infections. There were few cerebral malformations. There was no tumour etiology noted.展开更多
Objective:To assess the perinatal and developmental outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies(ART) children born after multifetal pregnancy reduction(MPR). Methods:Twenty-four ART children born after MPR were com...Objective:To assess the perinatal and developmental outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies(ART) children born after multifetal pregnancy reduction(MPR). Methods:Twenty-four ART children born after MPR were compared to 9 triplets without MPR,and 24 matched IVF children without MPR and 24 naturally conceived.Mental and psychological development was assessed by Bayley Scales.of Infant.The outcomes compared included perinatal characteristics,body mass index(BMI), mental development index(MDI) and psychomotor development index(PDI). Results:MPR singletons/twins had better neonatal outcomes than non-MPR triplets.Moreover,PDI of the MPR singletons/twins was significantly higher than that of the non-MPR triplets.There were no significantly difference in perinatal characteristics,BMI,MDI and PDI among 24 MPR children,24 matched IVF children without MPR and 24 matched naturally conceived children. Conclusion:Multifetal pregnancy reduction could improve perinatal outcomes and would not affect physical, mental and psychomotor development for children born after it.展开更多
Introduction:Alcohol abuse often precipitates traffic accidents or other mishaps due to its impact on psychomotor ability and subjective emotions.The multifaceted nature of impairment is chiefly influenced by dosage,y...Introduction:Alcohol abuse often precipitates traffic accidents or other mishaps due to its impact on psychomotor ability and subjective emotions.The multifaceted nature of impairment is chiefly influenced by dosage,yet there remains a dearth of research concerning the effects of alcohol consumption on driving ability among female Chinese individuals across varying doses.This study aims to investigate the influence of three different alcohol doses on changes in alcohol metabolism,psychomotor performance,and subjective response in Chinese females.Materials and Methods:Three dosage levels(0.2 g/kg,0.6 g/kg,and 1.0 g/kg)were administered to 11 subjects with the genotype ADH1B*1/*2-ADH1C*1/*1-ALDH2*1/*1 in an acute drinking challenge.Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored using an electronic wrist blood pressure monitor at specific intervals,while blood alcohol concentration(BAC)and blood acetaldehyde concentration(BAAC)were analyzed via headspace gas chromatography.Psychomotor function was evaluated using auditory simple reaction time(ASRT),visual choice reaction time(VCRT),pursuit rotor task(PRT),and digit symbol substitution test(DSST).The Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale(BAES)was employed to measure excitement and inhibition emotions.Data analysis utilized repeated-measures analyses of variance.Results:Across the three dosage levels,no significant differences in blood pressure and heart rate were observed compared to predrinking levels.Notably,at doses of 0.6 g/kg and 1.0 g/kg,BAC and BAAC exhibited significant increases compared to baseline levels at various postdrinking time points.Reaction times for ASRT and VCRT were notably prolonged at 1 and 2 h postdrinking with a dose of 1.0 g/kg,while DSST showed increased reaction time and decreased accuracy at 1 h postdrinking.Conversely,no significant differences were detected in other tests or at lower doses(0.2 g/kg and 0.6 g/kg).Moreover,BAES scores for excitement and inhibition remained consistent across different alcohol doses compared to predrinking levels.In addition,the findings suggest a correlation between psychomotor impairment and BAC.Conclusion:The findings of this study align with previous trends,indicating that higher alcohol doses exacerbate impairments in psychomotor functions,leading to heightened risks of traffic accidents or other incidents.展开更多
Adult-born oligodendrocytes are continuously produced in the brains of rodents.The functional role of these cells has been linked to the motor-related activities of healthy animals and is vital for acquiring new motor...Adult-born oligodendrocytes are continuously produced in the brains of rodents.The functional role of these cells has been linked to the motor-related activities of healthy animals and is vital for acquiring new motor skills.However,the relationship between these cells and the control of motor-related activities has not been investigated in pathological conditions.Therefore,the aim of this study is to investigate the role of oligodendrocytes in depression-related motor deficits and the effects of training.Psychomotor retardation is a key symptom of depression.Consistent with the impairments observed in rodent motor performance,the proliferation and activation of adult-born oligodendrocytes are altered in a corticosterone-induced stress paradigm.Therapeutic rotarod training can alleviate these symptoms by reversing the aforementioned changes.Notably,these alterations are particularly pronounced in layer I of the motor cortex.Thus,this study provides evidence of the potential functional involvement of adult-born oligodendrocytes in the motor impairments observed in the depressed animals.Additionally,it offers preliminary results for further investigation into layer I of the motor cortex in relation to these pathological conditions.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Military Medical Research Foundation of PLA,China (AWS14J011)
文摘Background:Military operation personnel often suffer from sleep difficulty because of their work requirements.In this study,we investigated the efficacy of zaleplon at two doses to induce afternoon-sleep under noise interference and its effects on psychomotor performance and vestibular function; we subsequently established the optimal dosage regimen for military operation personnel.Methods:Twenty-two healthy young male volunteers were recruited for the study.Eight subjects took 10 mg or 15 mg of zaleplon and placebo alternately and then were exposed to noise.Changes in polysomnography(PSG) indices,including sleep latency(SL),sleep efficiency(SE) and sleep structure,were recorded after drug administration.After awakening,the volunteers' subjective judgments of sleep quality and sleepiness were measured.Eight volunteers underwent 3 psychomotor performance tests at a one-week interval,and the psychomotor performance tests were conducted before and after taking zaleplon and placebo.Six volunteers participated in the vestibular function test session,and parameters,including optokinetic nystagmus(OKN),vestibular ocular reflex(VOR),visualvestibular ocular reflex(VVOR) and vestibular ocular reflex fixation suppression(VOR-Fix),were detected by the same experimental design as described above.The data of sleep observations were subjected to one-way variance analysis.Results:Compared with the placebo group,SL was shortened significantly,and the scores of subjective sleep quality and sleep depth were clearly increased in the zaleplon 10 mg group(P<0.05).Moreover,the SE and the percent of REM(rapid eye movement) sleep were increased remarkably in the zaleplon 15 mg group(P<0.01).Furthermore,the SE,percent of REM sleep and scores of subjective sleep depth in the zaleplon 15 mg group were significantly higher than in the zaleplon 10 mg group(P<0.05).The psychomotor performance did not change significantly after ingestion of 10 mg or 15 mg of zaleplon,whereas the OKN and VOR gains were lower in the two dose groups of zaleplon(P<0.05) and restored to normal 3h after drug ingestion.Conclusion:Zaleplon is an ideal hypnotic for military personnel,and its hypnotic efficiency is dose-related under noise interference; a 15 mg dose of zaleplon could provide significantly better sleep than a 10 mg dose of zaleplon.
文摘Psychomotor performance is the coordination of a sensory or ideational(cognitive)process and a motor activity.All sensorimotor processes involved in planning and execution of voluntary movements need oxygen supply and seem to be significantly disrupted in states of hypoxia.Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has become a widely used treatment in routine medicine and sport medicine due to its beneficial effects on different aspects of human physiology and performance.This paper presents state-of-the-art data on the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on different aspects of human psychomotor function.The therapy’s influence on musculoskeletal properties and motor abilities as well as the effects of hyperbaric oxygenation on cognitive,myocardial and pulmonary functions are presented.In this review the molecular and physiological processes related to human psychomotor performance in response to hyperbaric oxygen are discussed to contribute to this fast-growing field of research in integrative medicine.
文摘Premature infants are at risk for developmental delay. We assessed the psychomotor development of children born before 37 weeks of gestation.?Methods:?This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the Pediatric Department of the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital from January to May 2018. We used the Denver II scale to assess the psychomotor development of children born premature aged 9 months to 6 years. Children born between January 2012 and April 2017 at a gestational age strictly below 37 weeks of gestation were included. Using logistic regression, we searched for perinatal factors associated with abnormalities of psychomotor developmental.?Results:?We included 50 children in our study, 60% of whom were boys, giving a sex ratio of 1.5. The mean age was 25 ± 19.5 months. The mean gestational age was 33 ± 2.2 weeks and the mean birth weight was 2178.68 ± 748.01 g. The average Developmental Quotient of the population was 108. Six children (12%) had a global developmental delay (DQ ?70), 22% of the children had a language delay. Convulsion was associated with motor delay (OR = 16;P = 0.03), and pregnancy monitoring a protective factor for language delay (P = 0.02).?Conclusion:?Improving perinatal care remains a preoccupying issue. The assessment of psychomotor development should be done until early childhood to enable early diagnosis of learning disabilities.
文摘Introduction: Low birth weight is a key indicator of newborn health. The objective of this study was to contribute to the reduction of low birth weight-related morbidity and mortality. Patients and Methods: cohort study conducted from January 2019 to July 2020 at the “Mère-Enfant” University Hospital Centre (UHC) of Libreville. All newborns with a birth weight 2500 g were included. The clinical data of patients were studied. They were followed over a period of 12 months and assessed psychomotorly by the Brunet-Lézine scale. Results: 1260/9035 births of low birth weight (14.0%) were observed, and 300 among them were included. The mortality rate was 27.0% (81) and 219 were followed for 12 months. The sex ratio was 0.8, the average birth weight was 2008.6 ± 215.2 g. The average gestational age was 34 ± 12 weeks with 75.3% prematurity. An infant disease was observed in 61.6% of cases and respiratory pathologies were more observed except at 3 months of age where the proportion of digestive pathologies was 20.5%. At the time of the last consultation at 12 months of life, 76.2% of infants had no pathology. The quotients of postural development, language and coordination were normal (between 110 - 70) respectively in 75.4%, 99.1% and 68% of cases at the age of 12 months. The psychomotor development quotient was correlated with the birth weight in the language area r = 0.15 (p = 0.024), posture r = 0.15 (p = 0.015) and coordination r = 0.15 (p = 0.026) respectively. Conclusion: Low birth weight is a public health problem at UHCME-JEF. Despite the fact that psychomotor development can be said to be satisfactory, many efforts remain to be made to reduce low birth weight levels and improve survival.
文摘Background: We studied the development of eight (8) different psychomotor and sensory functions in male and female rats, from postnatal day 10 to 45, with the aim of determining whether the ontogenesis of these functions was subject to sexual dimorphism. Methods: Wistar rats bred according to standard conditions in our laboratories were put into reproduction. Ten days after whelping, male and female pups were identified and subjected to a battery of behavioral tests on postnatal days 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 45, to assess the development of the following psychomotor and sensory functions: Exploratory activity, locomotor activity, emotional defecation, hind paws lifting reflex latency, wire-grasping time, Latencies of execution of crawling along the wire and of leap onto the ground, nociception (tail flick) and body weight. Results: Only complex brain functions generated by cerebral cortex activities, i.e. exploratory activity and leap execution latency, do not undergo differential development sex-dependent. However, voluntary motor functions initiated in the motor cortex, and requiring high peripheral muscle performance such as crawling execution latency and wire-grasping time developed more rapidly in males than in females. Correlatively, body weight i.e. muscle mass index increased more speedily in males than in females. On the other hand, studies of automatic motor functions such as locomotor activity, and reflex motor functions i.e. hind paws lifting reflex latency and tail flick latency showed earlier development in females than in males. In addition, the study of emotional response, an emanation of limbic structures, showed prodigious development in females compared to males. Conclusion: Our studies have shown that there is a developmental sexual dimorphism of the central nervous system in the rat. Indeed, studies of automatic and reflex motor functions, whose activities are essentially linked to the spinal cord and brainstem, indicated that hindbrain areas develop more speedily in females than in males. Likewise, study of the emotional response emanating from diencephalic limbic structures, in particular the hypothalamus, showed a prodigious and early development in females compared to males. Taken together, our studies indicate that the vast majority of brain structures and functions reached maturation earlier in females than in males. Estrogen is the trigger hormone for early maturation of the female brain.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2019YFA0706200National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82301738Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,No.2022JJ40701 and No.2022JJ40697.
文摘BACKGROUND Symptoms of depression and comorbid anxiety are known risk factors for cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder(MDD).Understanding their relationships is crucial for developing targeted interventions to mitigate cognitive impairments in MDD patients.We expect that the severity of sleep disturbances and other depressive symptoms will be positively correlated with the degree of cognitive impairments.We also hypothesize that anxiety symptoms,especially psychic anxiety,is a key factor in predicting cognitive performance in MDD patients and may indirectly contribute to cognitive impairment by affecting sleep disturbances and other potential factors.AIM To determine which dimension of the depressive and anxiety symptoms predicts cognitive impairment during a depressive episode.METHODS A comprehensive neurocognitive test battery assessed executive function,attention,processing speed,and memory in 162 medication-free MDD patients and 142 matched healthy controls.The 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms,and the 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Scale was used to assess anxiety symptoms.Linear regression analyses and mediation analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of depressive and anxiety symptoms,as well as their interactions,on cognitive impairments.RESULTS Among the depressive symptoms,sleep disturbances were associated with poorer executive function(P=0.004),lower processing speed(P=0.047),and memory impairments(P<0.001),and psychomotor retardation(PR)was associated with lower processing speed in patients with MDD(P=0.019).Notably,PR was found to mediate the impact of sleep disturbances on the processing speed.Regarding anxiety symptoms,psychic anxiety,rather than somatic anxiety,was associated with cognitive impairments in all aspects.Sleep disturbances mediated the effect of psychic anxiety on executive function[β=-0.013,BC CI(-0.027,-0.001)]and memory[β=-0.149,BC CI(-0.237,-0.063)],while PR mediated its effect on processing speed(β=-0.023,BC CI(-0.045,-0.004)].CONCLUSION Sleep disturbances may be a key predictor of poorer executive function,lower processing speed,and memory loss,while PR is crucial for lower processing speed during a depressive episode.Psychic anxiety contributes to all aspects of cognitive impairments,mediated by sleep disturbances and PR.
文摘Background: Psychomotor delays in children are mainly investigated by CT imaging, due to the low availability and accessibility of magnetic resonance imaging in our context. Our aim was to study the CT aspects of psychomotor retardation (PMR) in children under 5 years of age at the University Hospital of Ouagadougou. Materials and Methods: Descriptive study with retrospective collection carried out over a period of twelve months (from September 2020 to August 2021). Our study focused on the reports of cranioencephalic CT scans performed on children aged 0 to 5 years, in whom a clinical diagnosis of psychomotor retardation had been made. Variables studied included socio-demographic data, clinical data, technique of CT examination, description of lesions and normality or not of the conclusion. Results: Cranioencephalic CT in children aged 0 - 5 years represented 9.78% of all CT scans performed in this age group. The sex ratio was 1.39. The mean age of the subjects in these reports was 18.31 ± 13.97 months and the modal class was [13 - 24] months. The CT scan was considered pathological in 85.10% of cases (n = 57). The most frequently noted encephalic anomalies were cerebral atrophy isolated in 54.4% of the cases (n = 31) or associated with other lesions in 30.1% of the cases (n = 17). Hydrocephalus was noted in 19.5% of the cases (n = 11). Conclusion: The lesions were mostly sequelae of cerebral ischaemia or cerebromeningeal infections. There were few cerebral malformations. There was no tumour etiology noted.
文摘Objective:To assess the perinatal and developmental outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies(ART) children born after multifetal pregnancy reduction(MPR). Methods:Twenty-four ART children born after MPR were compared to 9 triplets without MPR,and 24 matched IVF children without MPR and 24 naturally conceived.Mental and psychological development was assessed by Bayley Scales.of Infant.The outcomes compared included perinatal characteristics,body mass index(BMI), mental development index(MDI) and psychomotor development index(PDI). Results:MPR singletons/twins had better neonatal outcomes than non-MPR triplets.Moreover,PDI of the MPR singletons/twins was significantly higher than that of the non-MPR triplets.There were no significantly difference in perinatal characteristics,BMI,MDI and PDI among 24 MPR children,24 matched IVF children without MPR and 24 matched naturally conceived children. Conclusion:Multifetal pregnancy reduction could improve perinatal outcomes and would not affect physical, mental and psychomotor development for children born after it.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81401557).
文摘Introduction:Alcohol abuse often precipitates traffic accidents or other mishaps due to its impact on psychomotor ability and subjective emotions.The multifaceted nature of impairment is chiefly influenced by dosage,yet there remains a dearth of research concerning the effects of alcohol consumption on driving ability among female Chinese individuals across varying doses.This study aims to investigate the influence of three different alcohol doses on changes in alcohol metabolism,psychomotor performance,and subjective response in Chinese females.Materials and Methods:Three dosage levels(0.2 g/kg,0.6 g/kg,and 1.0 g/kg)were administered to 11 subjects with the genotype ADH1B*1/*2-ADH1C*1/*1-ALDH2*1/*1 in an acute drinking challenge.Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored using an electronic wrist blood pressure monitor at specific intervals,while blood alcohol concentration(BAC)and blood acetaldehyde concentration(BAAC)were analyzed via headspace gas chromatography.Psychomotor function was evaluated using auditory simple reaction time(ASRT),visual choice reaction time(VCRT),pursuit rotor task(PRT),and digit symbol substitution test(DSST).The Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale(BAES)was employed to measure excitement and inhibition emotions.Data analysis utilized repeated-measures analyses of variance.Results:Across the three dosage levels,no significant differences in blood pressure and heart rate were observed compared to predrinking levels.Notably,at doses of 0.6 g/kg and 1.0 g/kg,BAC and BAAC exhibited significant increases compared to baseline levels at various postdrinking time points.Reaction times for ASRT and VCRT were notably prolonged at 1 and 2 h postdrinking with a dose of 1.0 g/kg,while DSST showed increased reaction time and decreased accuracy at 1 h postdrinking.Conversely,no significant differences were detected in other tests or at lower doses(0.2 g/kg and 0.6 g/kg).Moreover,BAES scores for excitement and inhibition remained consistent across different alcohol doses compared to predrinking levels.In addition,the findings suggest a correlation between psychomotor impairment and BAC.Conclusion:The findings of this study align with previous trends,indicating that higher alcohol doses exacerbate impairments in psychomotor functions,leading to heightened risks of traffic accidents or other incidents.
基金supported by Hong Kong Health and Medical Research Fund,No.02133206(to KFS).
文摘Adult-born oligodendrocytes are continuously produced in the brains of rodents.The functional role of these cells has been linked to the motor-related activities of healthy animals and is vital for acquiring new motor skills.However,the relationship between these cells and the control of motor-related activities has not been investigated in pathological conditions.Therefore,the aim of this study is to investigate the role of oligodendrocytes in depression-related motor deficits and the effects of training.Psychomotor retardation is a key symptom of depression.Consistent with the impairments observed in rodent motor performance,the proliferation and activation of adult-born oligodendrocytes are altered in a corticosterone-induced stress paradigm.Therapeutic rotarod training can alleviate these symptoms by reversing the aforementioned changes.Notably,these alterations are particularly pronounced in layer I of the motor cortex.Thus,this study provides evidence of the potential functional involvement of adult-born oligodendrocytes in the motor impairments observed in the depressed animals.Additionally,it offers preliminary results for further investigation into layer I of the motor cortex in relation to these pathological conditions.
