Objective: Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy commonly experience depression and anxiety, which, along with adverse effects of chemotherapy, inevitably compromise quality of life (QOL) of the patients. The aim of...Objective: Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy commonly experience depression and anxiety, which, along with adverse effects of chemotherapy, inevitably compromise quality of life (QOL) of the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a psycho-educational intervention on the quality of life (QOL) of patients with advanced lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: Two hundred in-patients with unresectable advanced lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy in Shanxi Cancer Hospital from January to October 2013 were randomized into the intervention group (n = 100) and the control group (n = 100). Patients in the intervention group received a purposely designed and nurse-delivered psycho-educational intervention in addition to routine caring and chemotherapy, whereas those in the control group underwent chemotherapy and routine caring only. QOL of patients was assessed according to QOL instrument for lung cancer (QLICP-LU). The impact of the psycho-educational intervention on QOL was analyzed using independent-sample t test and χ2 test. Results: The psychological, physical, and social function, and the overall QOL scores were significantly improved in patients who received the psycho-educational intervention compared with those in the control group. Conclusions: A nurse-delivered psycho-educational intervention is a useful strategy to improve QOL of patients with advanced lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a Comprehensive Psycho-Educational Approach and Scheme Set (COMPASS) for patients with schizophrenia who were treated with risperidone long-acting injectable (R...The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a Comprehensive Psycho-Educational Approach and Scheme Set (COMPASS) for patients with schizophrenia who were treated with risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI), on their psychiatric symptoms, drug attitudes, and treatment satisfaction levels. Participants were sixty-five patients at thirteen hospitals in Japan who met ICD-10 F2 criteria for schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorder and were treated with RLAI. A correlational study design was used to measure the effect of the COMPASS on the psychiatric symptoms, drug attitudes, and treatment satisfaction levels of patients treated with RLAI. Using the following evaluation indicators: The Subjective Satisfaction to Treatment Scale (SSTS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS), and Drug Attitude Inventory-10 (DAI-10), measurements were taken at the beginning of the program (baseline), at the end of the program, and six months after (endpoint). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Significant differences were observed in BPRS total (p < 0.001), sub-scales of BPRS positive (p < 0.001), BPRS negative (p < 0.01), BPRS affective (p < 0.01), and GAF (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant change in subscale of BPRS manic, DAI-10, DIEPSS, or SSTS but significant positive correlations were found between SSTS and DAI-10 and GAF at baseline;a negative correlation was found between SSTS and BPRS. The findings of the study suggested the benefit of using the COMPASS in conjunction with RLAI to decrease patients’ psychiatric symptomatology and improve treatment satisfaction. In addition, patient satisfaction was found to be an important factor to be considered by the psychiatrist.展开更多
Objective: Cancer patients consider the oncologist as their main resource insofar as the medical needs generally take precedence over psychological needs. Nevertheless, the psychological intervention is also important...Objective: Cancer patients consider the oncologist as their main resource insofar as the medical needs generally take precedence over psychological needs. Nevertheless, the psychological intervention is also important. The systematic consultation implemented in our hospital after a diagnosis of cancer is a manner to answer patients’ psychological needs. In a survey, we assessed the satisfaction and expectations of the patients about this consultation. Methods: One year after a diagnosis of breast cancer, 104 patients answered a retrospective questionnaire assessing: socio- demographic data, cancer medical information, systematic consultation satisfaction, patients’ expectations for a systematic intervention, and patients’ characteristics who began a psychological follow-up. Results: 72.1% of the patients were satisfied with having the opportunity to consult a psychologist during a systematic consultation after cancer diagnosis. Their expectations were to have opportunities of emotional expression, reassurance, obtaining additional medical information, talking about their fear over additional treatments, and identifying further support. 28.8% of the patients re-contacted the psychologist for further help after the systematic consultation. They were significantly younger (p < 0.001) than the others. Conclusions: Besides the importance of support by medical specialists [1], offering the opportunity to breast cancer patients to discuss inner feelings and treatment expectations during a systematic psychological consultation was useful for most of them. About one third of the patients asked for a further consultation with a psychologist after a first systematic consultation, especially younger patients. This stressed the importance of the role of psychologists for psycho-social support of the patient after cancer treatment.展开更多
Recent years have seen a rapidly increasing trend towards the delivery of health technology through mobile devices.Smartphones and tablet devices are thus becoming increasingly popular for accessing information and a ...Recent years have seen a rapidly increasing trend towards the delivery of health technology through mobile devices.Smartphones and tablet devices are thus becoming increasingly popular for accessing information and a wide range of services,including health care services.Modern mobile apps can be used for a variety of reasons,ranging from education for the patients and assistance to clinicians to delivery of interventions.Mobile phone apps have also been established to benefit patients in a scope of interventions across numerous medical specialties and treatment modalities.Medical apps have their advantages and disadvantages.It is important that clinicians have access to knowledge to make decisions regarding the use of medical apps on the basis of risk-benefit ratio.Mobile apps that deliver psycho social interventions offer unique challenges and opportunities.A number of reviews have highlighted the potential use of such apps.There is a need to describe,report and study their side effects too.The adverse effects associated with these apps can broadly be divided into:(1)those resulting from the security and safety concerns;(2)those arising from the use of a particular psycho social intervention;and(3)those due to the interaction with digital technology.There is a need to refine and reconsider the safety and adverse effects in this area.The safety profile of a mobile PSI app should describe its safety profile in:(1)privacy and security;(2)adverse effects of psychotherapy;and(3)adverse effects unique to the use of apps and the internet.This is,however,a very new area and further research and reporting is required to inform clinical decision making.展开更多
The mind has puzzled humans for centuries,and its disorders,such as psychoses,have caused tremendous difficulties.However,relatively recent biotechnological breakthroughs,such as DNA technology and neuroimaging,have e...The mind has puzzled humans for centuries,and its disorders,such as psychoses,have caused tremendous difficulties.However,relatively recent biotechnological breakthroughs,such as DNA technology and neuroimaging,have empowered scientists to explore the more fundamental aspects of psychosis.From searching for psychosis-causing genes to imaging the depths of the brain,scientists worldwide seek novel methods to understand the mind and the causes of its disorders.This article will briefly review the history of understanding and managing psychosis and the main findings of modern genetic research and then attempt to stimulate thought for decoding the biological mechanisms of psychosis in the present era of brain science.展开更多
Objective To study the risk environmental and psycho-social factors associated to prostate cancer （PCa） in Chinese population. Methods 250 PCa patients and 500 controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Info...Objective To study the risk environmental and psycho-social factors associated to prostate cancer （PCa） in Chinese population. Methods 250 PCa patients and 500 controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Information was collected and logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios （OR） and 95% confidence intervals （95% CI） for relationship between lifestyle, eating habits and psycho-social factors with PCa risk. Results Green vegetables and green tea were associated with a decreased risk of PCa （0R=0.39, 95% CI： 0.28-0.53; 0R=0.59, 95% Cl： 0.40-0.87, respectively）. Family history of PCa （0R=7.16, 95% CI： 2.01-25.49）, history of prostate diseases （0R=2.28, 95% Cl： 1.53-3.41）, alcohol consumption （0R=1.97, 95% CI： 1.33-2.90）, red meat consumption （0R=1.74, 95% CI： 1.20-2.52）, barbecued （0R=2.29, 95% CI： 1.11-4.73） or fried （0R=2.35, 95% CI： 1.24-4.43） foods were related with increased PCa risk. Negative psycho-social factors including occupational setbacks （0R=1.61, 95% CI： 2.00-2.59）, marital separation （0R=1.94, 95% CI： 1.29-2.91）, self-contained suffering {0R=2.37, 95% CI： 1.58-3.55）, and high sensitivity to the personal comments （0R=1.73, 95% CI： 1.18-2.54） were related to PCa. Conclusion Regular consumption of green vegetables and green tea may suggest protective effects on PCa. Alcohol consumption, red meat consumption and barbecued or fried foods were associated with PCa. Negative psycho-social factors may also play a role in the incidence of PCa in Chinese population.展开更多
Subclinical electroencephalogram discharges in children with psycho-cognitiVe problems are not uncommon. However, the clinical importance and relationship to cognitive deficits, as well as indications for medical trea...Subclinical electroencephalogram discharges in children with psycho-cognitiVe problems are not uncommon. However, the clinical importance and relationship to cognitive deficits, as well as indications for medical treatment, are not well understood. Transient cognitive impairment, which accompanies electroencephalogram discharges, could negatively influence cognitive abilities over time. Studies have suggested that treatment with antiepileptic drugs normalizes electroencephalogram results, thereby preventing electrical paroxysmal discharges that could be harmful to the developing brain. Physicians should attempt to differentiate between corresponding factors, such as subtle seizures, nature of underlying etiology, stable cognitive deficits, seizure-inducing effects, and potential side effects of antiepileptic drugs prior to initiation of medical treatment for definitive diagnosis of transient cognitive impairment and its consequences. Therefore appropriate criteria for patient selection and proper guidelines for medical therapy, should be addressed in future studies.展开更多
Computer administering of a psychological investigation is the computer representation of the entire procedure of psychological assessments—test construction, test implementation, results evaluation, storage and main...Computer administering of a psychological investigation is the computer representation of the entire procedure of psychological assessments—test construction, test implementation, results evaluation, storage and maintenance of the developed database, its statistical processing, analysis and interpretation. A mathematical description of psychological assessment with the aid of personality tests is discussed in this article. The set theory and the relational algebra are used in this description. A relational model of data, needed to design a computer system for automation of certain psychological assessments is given. Some finite sets and relation on them, which are necessary for creating a personality psychological test, are described. The described model could be used to develop real software for computer administering of any psychological test and there is full automation of the whole process: test construction, test implementation, result evaluation, storage of the developed database, statistical implementation, analysis and interpretation. A software project for computer administering personality psychological tests is suggested.展开更多
The constantly expanding world wide mobility and globalization within the pediatric community puts new demands on pediatric surgical health care systems worldwide. Forcing carers to pay attention not only on their bes...The constantly expanding world wide mobility and globalization within the pediatric community puts new demands on pediatric surgical health care systems worldwide. Forcing carers to pay attention not only on their best surgical and medical performance like in the past. In contrary, they are forced to pay much more attention on psycho-medical aspects like finance, rehabilitation, socialization and integration, culture, management and logistics, health edu-cation and language skills. Then, according to our opinion these aspects should be considered as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)-like syndrome and treated accordingly. Then handling this problem succesfully, would be essential for the future survival of any health care system.展开更多
The purpose of this Integrated Care Practice Change and Quality Improvement (ICPCQI) initiative was to evaluate the impact of wellness and relaxation and group psycho-education on health out-comes in an integrated car...The purpose of this Integrated Care Practice Change and Quality Improvement (ICPCQI) initiative was to evaluate the impact of wellness and relaxation and group psycho-education on health out-comes in an integrated care setting. Individuals diagnosed with mental illness and a co-occurring chronic medical condition participated in the ICPCQI initiatives which were run by peer support and wellness experts in an integrated care setting over the one-year project implementation period. Evaluation of outcome measures revealed an overall decline of 8.3% (p < 0.0001) and 7.3% (p < 0.0001) in the average systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively. There was a 12.3% (p = 0.02) reduction on the average PHQ-9 scores. GAD-7 (p = 0.9) scores had a mean reduction of 1.5%. These preliminary results suggest that the evidence-based ICPCQI initiatives positively impact health outcomes among individuals with mental illness and chronic medical conditions.展开更多
The enrichment by highly information load of the school educational process, which leads in severe environment to psycho-emotional stress, confirms the necessity of studying the psycho-emotional and physiological stab...The enrichment by highly information load of the school educational process, which leads in severe environment to psycho-emotional stress, confirms the necessity of studying the psycho-emotional and physiological stability of the senior schoolboys to information educational stress in rugged climate/geographic regions of Siberia. Observed were the 110 teenagers, the inhabitants of Novosibirsk, the students of 9th-10th classes of the special lycée. Clinical, psychological, psychophysiological, biochemical and hormonal methods of observation were used. It was shown that efficiency of the modern information-enriched educational process defines a complex of individual adaptive characteristics of an organism, including lateral phenotype of the prevalence of cerebral hemispheres, the stability of psychophysiological response, minimization of painful reaction to sharp changes of the factors of nature—meteosensitivity, and also the belonging to chronotypes (morning or evening). These features form the basis of stability of the young organism to the educational information stress and to the action of rugged climate-meteorological and biorhytmological factors, aggravating this stress.展开更多
Background: Psychoactive substance use was common among commercial motorcycle operators. Studies had shown that there were some socio-demographic factors which were commoner among commercial motorcycle operators ...Background: Psychoactive substance use was common among commercial motorcycle operators. Studies had shown that there were some socio-demographic factors which were commoner among commercial motorcycle operators who used psychoactive substances. However, this was not explored among commercial motorcycle operators in Kano, North Western Nigeria. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the socio-demographic factors associated with psychoactive substance use among motorcycle operators in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Instrument used for data collection included socio-demographic questionnaire and World Health Organisation Student Drug Use Questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 16th edition. Results: Commercial motorcycle operators who used substances were found to be of younger age group (X<sup>2</sup> = 10.9, P < 0.001), single (X<sup>2</sup> = 4.3, P = 0.034) and had a father who used tobacco (X<sup>2</sup> = 4.28, P = 0.04). Participants who were single were more likely to use inhalants (X<sup>2</sup> = 21.06, P =0.001), opiates (X<sup>2</sup> = 11.82, P = 0.012), cannabis (X<sup>2</sup> = 5.12, P = 0.028) and stimulants (X<sup>2</sup> = 5.12, P = 0.028) compared to those who were married. Conclusion: This study found that being of younger age, being single, and having a father who smoked were significantly associated with psychoactive substance use. Participants who were singles were more likely to use inhalants, opiates, cannabis and stimulants. No relationship was observed between the age of the respondents and specific substance use. Legislations should be enacted to reduce the rate of psychoactive substance use among motorcycle operators and general population at large.展开更多
Nowadays,simultaneous interpreting(SI) plays a prominent role in global communications,especially for important international affairs.This kind of interpretation delivers information in an instantaneous way without wa...Nowadays,simultaneous interpreting(SI) plays a prominent role in global communications,especially for important international affairs.This kind of interpretation delivers information in an instantaneous way without wasting extra time for language processing.Performing well in SI requires long-time training and abundant experience.Making a comprehensive categorization and analysis on the difficulties in SI on the basis of psycho-linguistic theories are the key points.Due to the distinctive features of these difficulties,corresponding suggestions will be offered to improve the efficiency in SI training and to level up the performance of SI interpreters.展开更多
Objective: Describe the psychosocial aspects of male infertility at the hospital of the Sino-Guinean Friendship. Patients and method: It is a prospective study of a descriptive type covering a period of 6 months. The ...Objective: Describe the psychosocial aspects of male infertility at the hospital of the Sino-Guinean Friendship. Patients and method: It is a prospective study of a descriptive type covering a period of 6 months. The study covered 17 patients, all received for a desire to conceive after at least one year of regular sexual intercourse without contraception. The data were collected from patient interviews using a pre-established questionnaire. Results: The average age of the patients was 32.07 years with extremes of 23 years and 42 years. During this study, 64.70% of patients were no longer participating in community ceremonies. The patients’ relationships with their spouse and family deteriorated in 52.94% and 47.06%, respectively. Conversely, relations with the family of origin remained unchanged in 70.59 percent of cases. The reduction in economic activity was by 13 patients (76.48%). Conclusion: Male infertility causes a real psychic earthquake in men with its corollaries of negative feelings. The rather complex moral repercussions of male infertility affect not only the individual, his/her partner, and family, but also economic activity.展开更多
Objective： To observe the effects of comprehensive therapy （CT） with electroacupuncture （EA） in combination with psycho-intervention （PI） on the cognitive function and event-related potentials （ERP）, P300 and...Objective： To observe the effects of comprehensive therapy （CT） with electroacupuncture （EA） in combination with psycho-intervention （PI） on the cognitive function and event-related potentials （ERP）, P300 and mismatch negativity （MMN）, in patients with internet addiction （IA） for a preliminary exploration of the possible mechanism of the therapy. Metheds： One hundred and twenty patients with IA were randomly divided into three groups, and a total of 112 subjects reached the final analysis of the trial, the EA group （39 patients）, the PI group （36 patients） and the CT group （37 patients）. EA was applied at acupoints Baihui （GV20）, Sishencong （EX-HN1）, Hegu （LI4）, Neiguan （PC6）, Taichong （LR3） and Sanyinjiao （SP6）, once every other day; PI with the cognition- behavior mode was implemented every 4 days; both EA and PI were used in the CT group. The treatment course for all patients was 40 days. Changes before and after treatment in terms of scoring by the IA self-rating scale, short-term memory capacity, short-term memory span, and the latency and amplitude of P300 and MMN in patients were observed. Results： After treatment, in all groups, the IA score was lowered significantly （P〈0.05） and scores of short-term memory capacity and short-term memory span increased significantly （P〈0.05）, while the decreased IA score in the CT group was more significant than that in the other two groups （P〈0.05）. ERP measurements showed that P300 latency was depressed and its amplitude raised in the EA group; MMN amplitude increased in the CT group （all P〈0.05）. Cenclusien： The EA in combination with PI could improve the cognitive function of IA patients, and its mechanism might be related to the speedup of cerebral discrimination on external stimulus and the enhancement of effective resource mobilization during information processing of the brain.展开更多
With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Prof.Li Juan’s laboratory at the Center on Aging Psychology,Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,rep...With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Prof.Li Juan’s laboratory at the Center on Aging Psychology,Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,reported plasticity of the functional connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)and the medial temporal lobe(MTL)in older adults,which was published in Frontiers in Aging展开更多
文摘Objective: Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy commonly experience depression and anxiety, which, along with adverse effects of chemotherapy, inevitably compromise quality of life (QOL) of the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a psycho-educational intervention on the quality of life (QOL) of patients with advanced lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: Two hundred in-patients with unresectable advanced lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy in Shanxi Cancer Hospital from January to October 2013 were randomized into the intervention group (n = 100) and the control group (n = 100). Patients in the intervention group received a purposely designed and nurse-delivered psycho-educational intervention in addition to routine caring and chemotherapy, whereas those in the control group underwent chemotherapy and routine caring only. QOL of patients was assessed according to QOL instrument for lung cancer (QLICP-LU). The impact of the psycho-educational intervention on QOL was analyzed using independent-sample t test and χ2 test. Results: The psychological, physical, and social function, and the overall QOL scores were significantly improved in patients who received the psycho-educational intervention compared with those in the control group. Conclusions: A nurse-delivered psycho-educational intervention is a useful strategy to improve QOL of patients with advanced lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy.
文摘The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a Comprehensive Psycho-Educational Approach and Scheme Set (COMPASS) for patients with schizophrenia who were treated with risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI), on their psychiatric symptoms, drug attitudes, and treatment satisfaction levels. Participants were sixty-five patients at thirteen hospitals in Japan who met ICD-10 F2 criteria for schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorder and were treated with RLAI. A correlational study design was used to measure the effect of the COMPASS on the psychiatric symptoms, drug attitudes, and treatment satisfaction levels of patients treated with RLAI. Using the following evaluation indicators: The Subjective Satisfaction to Treatment Scale (SSTS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS), and Drug Attitude Inventory-10 (DAI-10), measurements were taken at the beginning of the program (baseline), at the end of the program, and six months after (endpoint). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Significant differences were observed in BPRS total (p < 0.001), sub-scales of BPRS positive (p < 0.001), BPRS negative (p < 0.01), BPRS affective (p < 0.01), and GAF (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant change in subscale of BPRS manic, DAI-10, DIEPSS, or SSTS but significant positive correlations were found between SSTS and DAI-10 and GAF at baseline;a negative correlation was found between SSTS and BPRS. The findings of the study suggested the benefit of using the COMPASS in conjunction with RLAI to decrease patients’ psychiatric symptomatology and improve treatment satisfaction. In addition, patient satisfaction was found to be an important factor to be considered by the psychiatrist.
文摘Objective: Cancer patients consider the oncologist as their main resource insofar as the medical needs generally take precedence over psychological needs. Nevertheless, the psychological intervention is also important. The systematic consultation implemented in our hospital after a diagnosis of cancer is a manner to answer patients’ psychological needs. In a survey, we assessed the satisfaction and expectations of the patients about this consultation. Methods: One year after a diagnosis of breast cancer, 104 patients answered a retrospective questionnaire assessing: socio- demographic data, cancer medical information, systematic consultation satisfaction, patients’ expectations for a systematic intervention, and patients’ characteristics who began a psychological follow-up. Results: 72.1% of the patients were satisfied with having the opportunity to consult a psychologist during a systematic consultation after cancer diagnosis. Their expectations were to have opportunities of emotional expression, reassurance, obtaining additional medical information, talking about their fear over additional treatments, and identifying further support. 28.8% of the patients re-contacted the psychologist for further help after the systematic consultation. They were significantly younger (p < 0.001) than the others. Conclusions: Besides the importance of support by medical specialists [1], offering the opportunity to breast cancer patients to discuss inner feelings and treatment expectations during a systematic psychological consultation was useful for most of them. About one third of the patients asked for a further consultation with a psychologist after a first systematic consultation, especially younger patients. This stressed the importance of the role of psychologists for psycho-social support of the patient after cancer treatment.
文摘Recent years have seen a rapidly increasing trend towards the delivery of health technology through mobile devices.Smartphones and tablet devices are thus becoming increasingly popular for accessing information and a wide range of services,including health care services.Modern mobile apps can be used for a variety of reasons,ranging from education for the patients and assistance to clinicians to delivery of interventions.Mobile phone apps have also been established to benefit patients in a scope of interventions across numerous medical specialties and treatment modalities.Medical apps have their advantages and disadvantages.It is important that clinicians have access to knowledge to make decisions regarding the use of medical apps on the basis of risk-benefit ratio.Mobile apps that deliver psycho social interventions offer unique challenges and opportunities.A number of reviews have highlighted the potential use of such apps.There is a need to describe,report and study their side effects too.The adverse effects associated with these apps can broadly be divided into:(1)those resulting from the security and safety concerns;(2)those arising from the use of a particular psycho social intervention;and(3)those due to the interaction with digital technology.There is a need to refine and reconsider the safety and adverse effects in this area.The safety profile of a mobile PSI app should describe its safety profile in:(1)privacy and security;(2)adverse effects of psychotherapy;and(3)adverse effects unique to the use of apps and the internet.This is,however,a very new area and further research and reporting is required to inform clinical decision making.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:81901354).
文摘The mind has puzzled humans for centuries,and its disorders,such as psychoses,have caused tremendous difficulties.However,relatively recent biotechnological breakthroughs,such as DNA technology and neuroimaging,have empowered scientists to explore the more fundamental aspects of psychosis.From searching for psychosis-causing genes to imaging the depths of the brain,scientists worldwide seek novel methods to understand the mind and the causes of its disorders.This article will briefly review the history of understanding and managing psychosis and the main findings of modern genetic research and then attempt to stimulate thought for decoding the biological mechanisms of psychosis in the present era of brain science.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81072377)
文摘Objective To study the risk environmental and psycho-social factors associated to prostate cancer （PCa） in Chinese population. Methods 250 PCa patients and 500 controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Information was collected and logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios （OR） and 95% confidence intervals （95% CI） for relationship between lifestyle, eating habits and psycho-social factors with PCa risk. Results Green vegetables and green tea were associated with a decreased risk of PCa （0R=0.39, 95% CI： 0.28-0.53; 0R=0.59, 95% Cl： 0.40-0.87, respectively）. Family history of PCa （0R=7.16, 95% CI： 2.01-25.49）, history of prostate diseases （0R=2.28, 95% Cl： 1.53-3.41）, alcohol consumption （0R=1.97, 95% CI： 1.33-2.90）, red meat consumption （0R=1.74, 95% CI： 1.20-2.52）, barbecued （0R=2.29, 95% CI： 1.11-4.73） or fried （0R=2.35, 95% CI： 1.24-4.43） foods were related with increased PCa risk. Negative psycho-social factors including occupational setbacks （0R=1.61, 95% CI： 2.00-2.59）, marital separation （0R=1.94, 95% CI： 1.29-2.91）, self-contained suffering {0R=2.37, 95% CI： 1.58-3.55）, and high sensitivity to the personal comments （0R=1.73, 95% CI： 1.18-2.54） were related to PCa. Conclusion Regular consumption of green vegetables and green tea may suggest protective effects on PCa. Alcohol consumption, red meat consumption and barbecued or fried foods were associated with PCa. Negative psycho-social factors may also play a role in the incidence of PCa in Chinese population.
文摘Subclinical electroencephalogram discharges in children with psycho-cognitiVe problems are not uncommon. However, the clinical importance and relationship to cognitive deficits, as well as indications for medical treatment, are not well understood. Transient cognitive impairment, which accompanies electroencephalogram discharges, could negatively influence cognitive abilities over time. Studies have suggested that treatment with antiepileptic drugs normalizes electroencephalogram results, thereby preventing electrical paroxysmal discharges that could be harmful to the developing brain. Physicians should attempt to differentiate between corresponding factors, such as subtle seizures, nature of underlying etiology, stable cognitive deficits, seizure-inducing effects, and potential side effects of antiepileptic drugs prior to initiation of medical treatment for definitive diagnosis of transient cognitive impairment and its consequences. Therefore appropriate criteria for patient selection and proper guidelines for medical therapy, should be addressed in future studies.
文摘Computer administering of a psychological investigation is the computer representation of the entire procedure of psychological assessments—test construction, test implementation, results evaluation, storage and maintenance of the developed database, its statistical processing, analysis and interpretation. A mathematical description of psychological assessment with the aid of personality tests is discussed in this article. The set theory and the relational algebra are used in this description. A relational model of data, needed to design a computer system for automation of certain psychological assessments is given. Some finite sets and relation on them, which are necessary for creating a personality psychological test, are described. The described model could be used to develop real software for computer administering of any psychological test and there is full automation of the whole process: test construction, test implementation, result evaluation, storage of the developed database, statistical implementation, analysis and interpretation. A software project for computer administering personality psychological tests is suggested.
文摘The constantly expanding world wide mobility and globalization within the pediatric community puts new demands on pediatric surgical health care systems worldwide. Forcing carers to pay attention not only on their best surgical and medical performance like in the past. In contrary, they are forced to pay much more attention on psycho-medical aspects like finance, rehabilitation, socialization and integration, culture, management and logistics, health edu-cation and language skills. Then, according to our opinion these aspects should be considered as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)-like syndrome and treated accordingly. Then handling this problem succesfully, would be essential for the future survival of any health care system.
文摘The purpose of this Integrated Care Practice Change and Quality Improvement (ICPCQI) initiative was to evaluate the impact of wellness and relaxation and group psycho-education on health out-comes in an integrated care setting. Individuals diagnosed with mental illness and a co-occurring chronic medical condition participated in the ICPCQI initiatives which were run by peer support and wellness experts in an integrated care setting over the one-year project implementation period. Evaluation of outcome measures revealed an overall decline of 8.3% (p < 0.0001) and 7.3% (p < 0.0001) in the average systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively. There was a 12.3% (p = 0.02) reduction on the average PHQ-9 scores. GAD-7 (p = 0.9) scores had a mean reduction of 1.5%. These preliminary results suggest that the evidence-based ICPCQI initiatives positively impact health outcomes among individuals with mental illness and chronic medical conditions.
文摘The enrichment by highly information load of the school educational process, which leads in severe environment to psycho-emotional stress, confirms the necessity of studying the psycho-emotional and physiological stability of the senior schoolboys to information educational stress in rugged climate/geographic regions of Siberia. Observed were the 110 teenagers, the inhabitants of Novosibirsk, the students of 9th-10th classes of the special lycée. Clinical, psychological, psychophysiological, biochemical and hormonal methods of observation were used. It was shown that efficiency of the modern information-enriched educational process defines a complex of individual adaptive characteristics of an organism, including lateral phenotype of the prevalence of cerebral hemispheres, the stability of psychophysiological response, minimization of painful reaction to sharp changes of the factors of nature—meteosensitivity, and also the belonging to chronotypes (morning or evening). These features form the basis of stability of the young organism to the educational information stress and to the action of rugged climate-meteorological and biorhytmological factors, aggravating this stress.
文摘Background: Psychoactive substance use was common among commercial motorcycle operators. Studies had shown that there were some socio-demographic factors which were commoner among commercial motorcycle operators who used psychoactive substances. However, this was not explored among commercial motorcycle operators in Kano, North Western Nigeria. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the socio-demographic factors associated with psychoactive substance use among motorcycle operators in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Instrument used for data collection included socio-demographic questionnaire and World Health Organisation Student Drug Use Questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 16th edition. Results: Commercial motorcycle operators who used substances were found to be of younger age group (X<sup>2</sup> = 10.9, P < 0.001), single (X<sup>2</sup> = 4.3, P = 0.034) and had a father who used tobacco (X<sup>2</sup> = 4.28, P = 0.04). Participants who were single were more likely to use inhalants (X<sup>2</sup> = 21.06, P =0.001), opiates (X<sup>2</sup> = 11.82, P = 0.012), cannabis (X<sup>2</sup> = 5.12, P = 0.028) and stimulants (X<sup>2</sup> = 5.12, P = 0.028) compared to those who were married. Conclusion: This study found that being of younger age, being single, and having a father who smoked were significantly associated with psychoactive substance use. Participants who were singles were more likely to use inhalants, opiates, cannabis and stimulants. No relationship was observed between the age of the respondents and specific substance use. Legislations should be enacted to reduce the rate of psychoactive substance use among motorcycle operators and general population at large.
文摘Nowadays,simultaneous interpreting(SI) plays a prominent role in global communications,especially for important international affairs.This kind of interpretation delivers information in an instantaneous way without wasting extra time for language processing.Performing well in SI requires long-time training and abundant experience.Making a comprehensive categorization and analysis on the difficulties in SI on the basis of psycho-linguistic theories are the key points.Due to the distinctive features of these difficulties,corresponding suggestions will be offered to improve the efficiency in SI training and to level up the performance of SI interpreters.
文摘Objective: Describe the psychosocial aspects of male infertility at the hospital of the Sino-Guinean Friendship. Patients and method: It is a prospective study of a descriptive type covering a period of 6 months. The study covered 17 patients, all received for a desire to conceive after at least one year of regular sexual intercourse without contraception. The data were collected from patient interviews using a pre-established questionnaire. Results: The average age of the patients was 32.07 years with extremes of 23 years and 42 years. During this study, 64.70% of patients were no longer participating in community ceremonies. The patients’ relationships with their spouse and family deteriorated in 52.94% and 47.06%, respectively. Conversely, relations with the family of origin remained unchanged in 70.59 percent of cases. The reduction in economic activity was by 13 patients (76.48%). Conclusion: Male infertility causes a real psychic earthquake in men with its corollaries of negative feelings. The rather complex moral repercussions of male infertility affect not only the individual, his/her partner, and family, but also economic activity.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81072852)Fund of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Special Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.06-07LQ04)Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Provincial Education Department(No.11ZA059)
文摘Objective： To observe the effects of comprehensive therapy （CT） with electroacupuncture （EA） in combination with psycho-intervention （PI） on the cognitive function and event-related potentials （ERP）, P300 and mismatch negativity （MMN）, in patients with internet addiction （IA） for a preliminary exploration of the possible mechanism of the therapy. Metheds： One hundred and twenty patients with IA were randomly divided into three groups, and a total of 112 subjects reached the final analysis of the trial, the EA group （39 patients）, the PI group （36 patients） and the CT group （37 patients）. EA was applied at acupoints Baihui （GV20）, Sishencong （EX-HN1）, Hegu （LI4）, Neiguan （PC6）, Taichong （LR3） and Sanyinjiao （SP6）, once every other day; PI with the cognition- behavior mode was implemented every 4 days; both EA and PI were used in the CT group. The treatment course for all patients was 40 days. Changes before and after treatment in terms of scoring by the IA self-rating scale, short-term memory capacity, short-term memory span, and the latency and amplitude of P300 and MMN in patients were observed. Results： After treatment, in all groups, the IA score was lowered significantly （P〈0.05） and scores of short-term memory capacity and short-term memory span increased significantly （P〈0.05）, while the decreased IA score in the CT group was more significant than that in the other two groups （P〈0.05）. ERP measurements showed that P300 latency was depressed and its amplitude raised in the EA group; MMN amplitude increased in the CT group （all P〈0.05）. Cenclusien： The EA in combination with PI could improve the cognitive function of IA patients, and its mechanism might be related to the speedup of cerebral discrimination on external stimulus and the enhancement of effective resource mobilization during information processing of the brain.
文摘With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Prof.Li Juan’s laboratory at the Center on Aging Psychology,Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,reported plasticity of the functional connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)and the medial temporal lobe(MTL)in older adults,which was published in Frontiers in Aging
