In Earth’s mantle,gravity instabilities initiated by density inversion lead to upwelling of hot materials as plumes.This study focuses upon the ascent dynamics of plumes to provide an explanation of the periodic mult...In Earth’s mantle,gravity instabilities initiated by density inversion lead to upwelling of hot materials as plumes.This study focuses upon the ascent dynamics of plumes to provide an explanation of the periodic multiple eruption events in large igneous provinces(LIP)and hotspots.We demonstrate that depending on physical conditions,plumes can either ascend in a continuous process with a single,large head trailing into a long slender tail,or alternatively,they ascend in a pulsating fashion producing multiple inaxis heads.Based on the Volume of Fluid(VOF)method,we performed computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations to constrain the thermo-mechanical conditions that decide the continuous versus pulsating dynamics.The simulations suggest the density(ρ^(*))and the viscosity(R)ratios of the ambient to the plume and the influx rates(Re)are the prime factors in controlling the ascent dynamics.The simulations could also predict thermal events near the surface causing eruption periodically as pulses.The pulsating plume model explains the multiple eruption events in different LIPs and our simulation results predict that variation in the temperature of the source layer can cause a range of timescale for this periodicity.展开更多
Lessening energy-related carbon emissions has become a crucial measure to achieve Chinese carbon neutrality.This study is the first to construct a Difference in Carbon pressures-adjusted Human Development Index(DCHDI)...Lessening energy-related carbon emissions has become a crucial measure to achieve Chinese carbon neutrality.This study is the first to construct a Difference in Carbon pressures-adjusted Human Development Index(DCHDI)model for the purpose of exploring the coupling effect between carbon emissions and human development variety from 2000 to 2019 in Chinese provinces.We demonstrate the following.(1)The total energy-related carbon footprint of 30 provinces in China reached 10.2 billion tons in 2019,with an average annual growth rate of 6.93% over the past two decades;and the provinces with the highest carbon emissions per capita are InnerMongolia,Ningxia,and Shanxi.(2)At the provincial level,we observed that the Human Development Index(HDI),which includes life expectancy,education,and income,has been rising,while Beijing,Shanghai,and Tianjin entered the super-high HDI level before 2008.(3)The entire coupling effect of 30 Chinese provinces has been broadly fortified in the last 20 years,but the growth rate of DCHDI values in 2011-2019 has slowed down compared with that in 2000-2010;the clustering phenomenon demonstrated that this discovery is associated with historical peaks in total carbon emissions.(4)The co-ordination degree of carbon emissions per capita and HDI was verified,and 96% of the data points were found in the range of super high coupling coordination degree.Overall,this study provides the government with worthwhile guidance for decision-making and carbon reduction strategies for other countries struggling to advance human sustainable development.展开更多
This paper analyzed the severe drought that took place in the five provinces of Northern China in 1920.Study suggested that the severe damage caused by the drought was resulted from many reasons,such as certain specif...This paper analyzed the severe drought that took place in the five provinces of Northern China in 1920.Study suggested that the severe damage caused by the drought was resulted from many reasons,such as certain specific natural conditions,deterioration of ecological environment,malformations of the rural economy and turbulence of domestic politics.However,some new phenomena took shapes during this time disaster relief activity.展开更多
Gold geochemical provinces in China were delineated through stream sediment or catchment sediment sampling in this study.Each gold geochemical province delineated by a threshold value of 2.5 ng/g covers an area of tho...Gold geochemical provinces in China were delineated through stream sediment or catchment sediment sampling in this study.Each gold geochemical province delineated by a threshold value of 2.5 ng/g covers an area of thousands of kilometers.It is a dilemma that geochemists traditionally thought that gold could not migrate for a long distance in rivers or streams to form a large-scale geochemical anomaly due to its chemical inertness and high specific density.The quantitative spectroscopic analysis and observations under a scanning electron microscope （SEM） indicate the presence of submicroscopic gold particles （〈5 μm in diameter） in large quantities,and observations under a Transmission Electron Microscopy （TEM） further suggest the presence of nanoscale gold particles （several tens of nanometre in diameter） in ores,rocks,soils and stream sediments.Particularly,submicroscopic and nanoscale gold particles less than 5 μm were only found in samples having a low gold content （〈10ng/g）.This result shows that geochemical provinces,delineated by a threshold value of 2.5 ng/g,are formed by long-distance transport of ultrafine gold in streams.The findings may provide direct microscopic evidence for gold migration to form geochemical provinces.展开更多
Igneous and detrital zircons have six major U/Pb isotopic age peaks in common(2700 Ma,1875 Ma.1045 Ma,625 Ma,265 Ma and 90 Ma).For igneous rocks,each age peak is comprised of subpeaks with distinct geographic distribu...Igneous and detrital zircons have six major U/Pb isotopic age peaks in common(2700 Ma,1875 Ma.1045 Ma,625 Ma,265 Ma and 90 Ma).For igneous rocks,each age peak is comprised of subpeaks with distinct geographic distributions and a subpeak age range per age peak≤100 Myr.There are eight major LIP age peaks(found on≥10 crustal provinces)of which only four are in common to major detrital zircon age peaks(2715 Ma,1875 Ma,825 Ma,90 Ma).Of the whole-rock Re depletion ages,58%have correspo nding detrital zircon age peaks and 55%have corresponding LIP age peaks.Ten age pea ks are fou nd in common to igneous zircon,detrital zircon,LIP,and Re depletion age time series(3225 Ma,2875 Ma,2145 Ma,2085 Ma,1985 Ma,1785 Ma,1455 Ma,1175 Ma,825 Ma,and 90 Ma).and these are very robust peaks on a global scale as recorded in both crustal and mantle rocks.About 50%of the age peaks in each of these time series correspond to predicted peaks in a 94-Myr mantle cycle,including four of the ten peaks in common to all four time series(2875 Ma,1785 Ma,825 Ma and 90 Ma).Age peak widths and subpeak ranges per age peak suggest that mantle events responsible for age peaks are<100 Myr and many<50 Myr in duration.Age peak geographic distributions show three populations(≤1000 Ma,2500-1000 Ma,>2500 Ma),with the number of new provinces in which age peaks are represented decreasing with time within each population.The breaks between the populations(at 2.5 Ga and 1 Ga)fall near the onsets of two transitions in Earth history.The First Transition may represent a change from stagnant-lid tectonics into plate tectonics and the Second Transition,the onset of subduction of continental crust.The major factor controlling geographic distribution of age peaks is the changing locations of orogeny.Before^2 Ga,age subpeaks and peaks are housed in orogens within or around the edges of crustal provinces,mostly in accretionary orogens.but beginning at 1.9 Ga,collisional orogens become more important.The coincidence in duration between magmatic flare-ups in Phanerozoic arcs and duration of age subpeaks(10-30 Myr)is consiste nt with subpeaks representing periods of enhanced arcrelated magmatism.probably caused by increased subduction flux.The correlation of isotopic age peaks between time series supports a cause and effect relationship between mantle plume activity,continental magma production at convergent margins,and crustal deformation.Correlation of over half of the detrital zircon age peaks(and six of the nine major peaks)with Re depletion age peaks supports an interpretation of the zircon peaks as crustal growth rather than selective preservation peaks.展开更多
Systematic analyses of noble metal elements in the Lower Cambrian black rock series of South China are reported. Correlations of w (Os)/ w (Ir), w (Au)/ w (Ir), w (Ag)/ w (Au), w (Pt+Pd)/ w (Os+R...Systematic analyses of noble metal elements in the Lower Cambrian black rock series of South China are reported. Correlations of w (Os)/ w (Ir), w (Au)/ w (Ir), w (Ag)/ w (Au), w (Pt+Pd)/ w (Os+Ru+Rh+Ir), relations of noble metal and platinum group element (PGE) distribution patterns reveal that the noble metals are not directly from extraterrestrial materials. Studying the data of 9 aspects, the authors conclude that the noble metals were mainly from ultramafic mafic igneous rocks and their enrichment in black rocks is mainly controlled by hydrothermal fluid.展开更多
Studying the impact of urbanization on agricultural development in shrinking areas is important for maintaining food security and promoted agricultural development in China.Based on the measurement results of the shri...Studying the impact of urbanization on agricultural development in shrinking areas is important for maintaining food security and promoted agricultural development in China.Based on the measurement results of the shrinking cities in the three provinces of Northeast China,this paper selects 15 shrinking cities as the research object,and constructs a multi-dimensional index system to explore the impact of the urbanization level of the shrinking areas on the agricultural development in the region since 2007–2019,analyzes the influencing factors and their differences by using the geographically-weighted regression model and Geodetector,and proposes a targeted regulation strategy.The results show that:1)overall,there is a negative correlation between the urbanization level and the agricultural development level in the contracted areas of the three northeastern provinces.The urbanization level in these areas has a certain negative impact on the overall level of agricultural development;2)regarding the time dimension,the impact of urbanization level on the agricultural development level in the contracted areas of the three northeastern provinces gradually increases over time;3)regarding the spatial pattern,the overall impact of shrinking urbanization levels in the three provinces of Northeast China on the agricultural development shows a significant distribution pattern of high in the east and low in the west;4)the total population and natural population growth rate at the end of the year were the main factors influencing a certain level of urbanization on agricultural development in the shrinking cities while population density and the urban fixed asset investment rate were the secondary factors;and 5)the main reasons why the level of agricultural development in different cities was affected by the level of urbanization were different.However,they can be categorized into areas of population loss and spatial construction,which can be further divided into area of population loss in the northeast,areas of negative population growth in the west,and areas of urban spatial change in the south.According to the causes of the impact,this paper adopted targeted regulation strategies and formulated relevant policies and solutions that cater to local conditions.展开更多
Large igneous provinces （LIPs） are considered a relevant cause for mass extinctions of marine life throughout Earth＇s history. Their flood basalts and associated intrusions can cause significant release of SO4 and ...Large igneous provinces （LIPs） are considered a relevant cause for mass extinctions of marine life throughout Earth＇s history. Their flood basalts and associated intrusions can cause significant release of SO4 and CO2 and consequently, cause major environmental disruptions. Here, we reconstruct the long-term periodic pattern of LIP emplacement and its impact on ocean chemistry and biodiversity from δ34Ssulfate of the last 520 Ma under particular consideration of the preservation limits of LIP records. A combination of cross-wavelet and other time-series analysis methods has been applied to quantify a potential chain of linkage between LIP emplacement periodicity, geochemical changes and the Phanerozoic marine genera record. We suggest a mantle plume cyclicity represented by LIP volumes （V） of V= （350-770） × 103km3sin（27πt/ 170 Ma）＋ （300-650）× 103 km3 sin（2πt/64.5 Ma ＋ 2.3） for t= time in Ma. A shift from the 64.5 Ma to a weaker -28-35 Ma LIP cyclicity during the Jurassic contributes together with probably independent changes in the marine sulfur cycle to less ocean anoxia, and a general stabilization of ocean chemistry and increasing marine biodiversity throughout the last -135 Ma. The LIP cycle pattern is coherent with marine biodiversity fluctuations corresponding to a reduction of marine biodiversity of -120 genera/Ma at 600 x 103 km3 LIP eruption volume. The 62-65 Ma LIP cycle pattern as well as excursion in -34Ssulfate and marine genera reduction suggest a not-vet identified found LIP event at - 440-450 Ma.展开更多
Human adenoviruses type 26(HAdV26)and type 35(HAdV35)have increasingly become the choice of adenovirus vectors for vaccine application.However,the population pre-existing immunity to these two adenoviruses in China,wh...Human adenoviruses type 26(HAdV26)and type 35(HAdV35)have increasingly become the choice of adenovirus vectors for vaccine application.However,the population pre-existing immunity to these two adenoviruses in China,which may reduce vaccine efficacy,remains largely unknown.Here,we established micro-neutralizing(MN)assays to investigate the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)against HAdV26 and HAdV35 in the general population of Guangdong and Shandong provinces,China.A total of 1184 serum samples were collected,47.0%and 15.8%of which showed HAdV26 and HAdV35 nAb activity,respectively.HAdV26-seropositive individuals tended to have more moderate nAbs titers(201-1000),while HAdV35-seropositive individuals appeared to have more low nAbs titers(72-200).The seropositive rates of HAdV26 and HAdV35 in individuals younger than 20 years old were very low.The seropositive rates of HAdV26 increased with age before 70 years old and decreased thereafter,while HAdV35 seropositive rates did not show similar characteristics.Notably,the seropositive rates and nAb levels of both HAdV26 and HAdV35 were higher in Guangdong Province than in Shandong Province,but did not exert significant differences between males and females.The seroprevalence between HAdV26 and HAdV35 showed little correlation,and no significant cross-neutralizing activity was detected.These results clarified the characteristics of the herd immunity against HAdV26 and HAdV35,and provided information for the rational development and application of HAdV26 and HAdV35 as vaccine vectors in China.展开更多
Since the Master of Translation and Interpreting has been established under the approval of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and the Chinese Ministry of Education, translation discipline stepped int...Since the Master of Translation and Interpreting has been established under the approval of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and the Chinese Ministry of Education, translation discipline stepped into a rapid development period in China as well as the research of interpreting studies. This paper aimed at providing a brief introduction of the current situation and existing problems of English interpreting studies in Three Northeastern Provinces of China under the comparative analysis of literature in CNKI China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database from 2004 to 2013.展开更多
英国传教士普鲁恩夫人于1906年撰写了来华游记The Provinces of Western China,记叙晚清时期作者及其家人在华西诸省的所见所闻,这一游记对于我们了解当时四川、重庆、云南、贵州等地的风土人情具有重要价值。目前国内外学者对The Provi...英国传教士普鲁恩夫人于1906年撰写了来华游记The Provinces of Western China,记叙晚清时期作者及其家人在华西诸省的所见所闻,这一游记对于我们了解当时四川、重庆、云南、贵州等地的风土人情具有重要价值。目前国内外学者对The Provinces of Western China所做的翻译研究不多。因此,文章拟以关联理论为指导,从词汇、句子两个层面分析来华游记The Provinces of Western China中的汉译实例,从而总结关联理论,希望对来华游记汉译具有指导意义。展开更多
In the Indian Himalaya,the Cambrian sequences are exposed in the Lesser and Tethyan Himalayan zones(LHZ and THZ).In the LHZ,the Cambrian biozonation is available at four stratigraphic intervals,i.e.,at~542-535 Ma,~524...In the Indian Himalaya,the Cambrian sequences are exposed in the Lesser and Tethyan Himalayan zones(LHZ and THZ).In the LHZ,the Cambrian biozonation is available at four stratigraphic intervals,i.e.,at~542-535 Ma,~524-513 Ma,~516 Ma,and~512 Ma.In the THZ,the Cambrian biozonation exists broadly at two stratigraphic intervals,i.e.,~514-505 Ma(in the Spiti region and partially in the Kashmir region)and~505-498 Ma(in the Zanskar region and partially in the Kashmir region).The Indian Cambrian faunal elements share Gondwanan and peri-gondwanan affinities.The depositional environments of the Cambrian sediments of THZ and LHZ show a wide array of settings.展开更多
As a characteristic sedimentary type,molartooth carbonatites veins(MCV) can be found in almost all the Neoproterozoic carbonatite strata in the North Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces.But their forming mechanism is still an...As a characteristic sedimentary type,molartooth carbonatites veins(MCV) can be found in almost all the Neoproterozoic carbonatite strata in the North Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces.But their forming mechanism is still an enigma,and more than four incompatible forming hypotheses have been put forward according to the structures,mineral components and elements of the MCV.Though all the MCV with the similar shape展开更多
Owing to intensive human activities and the floods of the Huaihe River in historic peiod, the contiguous region of Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui provinces is suffering from a variety of environmental problems and...Owing to intensive human activities and the floods of the Huaihe River in historic peiod, the contiguous region of Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui provinces is suffering from a variety of environmental problems and naturaldisasters, of which water pollution and drought-flood disasters are most observable. Considering the special location andenvironmental status of the contiguous region, advices are proposed in the paper: perfecting trans-regional managementssystem of water environment incorporating basin management agencies in local government activities; strengthening cooperation of two agencies: water conservancy agency and environment protection agency; enhancing integrated control ofwater pollution and flood-drought disasters; taking the interests of the whole river into acount and paying attention to bothstorage and drainage; broadening sources of water supply and inceasing water delivery; controlling pollutant discharge,developing water saving production system.展开更多
The world oil and gas market has entered a new period of low oil prices,which has inevitably affected the natural gas market in China.So,it is urgent to timely study the market trends and to actively seek for appropri...The world oil and gas market has entered a new period of low oil prices,which has inevitably affected the natural gas market in China.So,it is urgent to timely study the market trends and to actively seek for appropriate countermeasures.In this paper,the development trends of China's gas market under the situations of New Normal and low oil prices were analyzed from the perspective of sustainable development of the natural gas industrial chain and market,by taking the Sichuan and Chongqing gas provinces as an example,which are of representative and of great significance to China in its natural gas market.The following trends were identified.First,the gas market reform will be deepened.Second,the competition among major market players will be intensified.Third,supply will exceed demand.Fourth,export tasks will be difficult.Fifth,higher demand of“guarantees of the minimum GDP,tax and profit”will be raised for local government.And sixth,low-cost strategy will be indispensable to oil and gas enterprises.In order to cater to these trends,some countermeasures were presented during the 13th Five-Year Plan.First,to improve the natural gas market system,to strengthen the supply-side reform,to complete market development modes,and to promote the introduction of governmental policies for relevant industries.Second,to develop the efficient gas-consuming clusters such as industrial parks,LNG-fueled vehicles and vessels,and distributed energy sources system,to establish innovative marketing strategy systems,and to boost the localization of resource consumption,through the establishment of strategic alliances for natural gas terminal markets in partnership with local governments and competitive enterprises,while the Chinese government is intensifying efforts in promoting energy conservation and pollution reduction and haze control.Third,to improve the cobweb pipeline network system,and to establish the strategic reserve system.And fourth,to make greater efforts to deepen internal reforms,to cut costs in a sustainable way through technological and managerial innovation,so as to respond to any changes in the natural gas market as a result of low oil prices.展开更多
The studies on environmental effects of foreign trade and its spatial variations are helpful to design and implement environmental protection countermeasures.In order to eliminate the adverse effects of insufficient o...The studies on environmental effects of foreign trade and its spatial variations are helpful to design and implement environmental protection countermeasures.In order to eliminate the adverse effects of insufficient observation values on the accuracy of regression results and dynamic information quantity of fitting equation during empirical study,panel data of the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China from 1985 to 2007 were selected based on the adjustment of classical regression model in this paper.Panel unit root test and panel cointegration analysis method were applied to investigating the environmental effects of foreign trade and its spatial variations in the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China and its three groups divided by foreign trade dependence.The results show that all scale effects are positive,while all technical effects are negative and unable to counteract positive scale effects.Foreign trade development is regarded as an important cause for outstanding eco-environmental problems in the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China.Total effects and structural effects are significantly different among different groups because of spatial variations in environmental policies,export destinations,source of FDI,etc.Following the principle of′coordinating generality and considering differences comprehensively′,it is essential to issue a series of policies and countermeasures corresponding to differences in regional environmental effect of foreign trade,in order to coordinate the relationship between foreign trade development and eco-environment in each region.展开更多
An efficient coal de-capacity quota allocation scheme is key for accelerating China's coal supplyside structure reform.This paper allocates the coal de-capacity quota from the perspective of efficiency to seek the...An efficient coal de-capacity quota allocation scheme is key for accelerating China's coal supplyside structure reform.This paper allocates the coal de-capacity quota from the perspective of efficiency to seek the optimal capacity allocation in each Chinese province.First,we estimate the coal capacity of 24 coal-producing provinces based on boundary production function model.According to the actual coal overcapacity in each province,we initially allocate the coal decapacity quota of reducing 0.8 billion tons among them.Then,we optimize the initial allocation plan by using the zero-sum gains data envelopment model(ZSG-DEA)considering backward coal capacity,coal economic output,and coal resource endowment of each province.The results indicate that:First,there is coal overcapacity all over China,and there are obvious differences among the provinces.Second,the optimal allocation results show that the large coal producing provinces,including Shanxi,Inter Mongolia,Shaanxi,etc.,need to undertake most of the coal decapacity tasks,while the old coal producing provinces in northeast and west China should undertake a heavier burden of coal de-capacity.Third,the“one-size fits-all”approach burdens the small coal producing provinces with reducing coal capacity,leading to a general low enthusiasm for coal de-capacity in these regions.展开更多
Giant mafic dyke swarms are a key component of the feeder system of Large Igneous Provinces（LIPs）,large volume（>0.1 Mkm;;frequently above>1 M km;）,mainly mafic（-ultramafic）magmatic events of intraplate aff...Giant mafic dyke swarms are a key component of the feeder system of Large Igneous Provinces（LIPs）,large volume（>0.1 Mkm;;frequently above>1 M km;）,mainly mafic（-ultramafic）magmatic events of intraplate affinity.展开更多
The iconic image of a giant radiating dyke swarm subsequently fragmented into three pieces via supercontinental breakup was produced by Paul May in1971(see next page).That figure presented a large part of
Both ST(Soc Trang)and KG(Kien Giang)are coastal provinces of the Mekong River Delta and are most vulnerable to saline intrusion and climate variability.In 2016,thousands of Hhs(Households)in these coastal provinces we...Both ST(Soc Trang)and KG(Kien Giang)are coastal provinces of the Mekong River Delta and are most vulnerable to saline intrusion and climate variability.In 2016,thousands of Hhs(Households)in these coastal provinces were at risk due to severe drought and saline intrusion.This study applied the LVI(Livelihood Vulnerability Index)to estimate saline intrusion vulnerability of those two provinces.Data on socio-demographics,livelihoods,health,social networks,physical,financial and natural resources,natural disasters and climate variability were collected from a survey of 298 Hhs.From these data,the LVI of each coastal province was calculated.Results show that the overall LVI of KG province is higher than that of ST province.The analysis revealed that this practical method can be applied in different circumstances of climate change and purposes.展开更多
基金UD would like to thank the Department of Science and TechnologyGovernment of India for funding through INSPIRE-FACULTY award(DST/INSPIRE/04/2016/001582)NM is thankful to Department of Science and Technology,Government of India for J.C.Bose Fellowship award.
文摘In Earth’s mantle,gravity instabilities initiated by density inversion lead to upwelling of hot materials as plumes.This study focuses upon the ascent dynamics of plumes to provide an explanation of the periodic multiple eruption events in large igneous provinces(LIP)and hotspots.We demonstrate that depending on physical conditions,plumes can either ascend in a continuous process with a single,large head trailing into a long slender tail,or alternatively,they ascend in a pulsating fashion producing multiple inaxis heads.Based on the Volume of Fluid(VOF)method,we performed computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations to constrain the thermo-mechanical conditions that decide the continuous versus pulsating dynamics.The simulations suggest the density(ρ^(*))and the viscosity(R)ratios of the ambient to the plume and the influx rates(Re)are the prime factors in controlling the ascent dynamics.The simulations could also predict thermal events near the surface causing eruption periodically as pulses.The pulsating plume model explains the multiple eruption events in different LIPs and our simulation results predict that variation in the temperature of the source layer can cause a range of timescale for this periodicity.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFD1100203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52200208)the International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program(No.YJ20200280)。
文摘Lessening energy-related carbon emissions has become a crucial measure to achieve Chinese carbon neutrality.This study is the first to construct a Difference in Carbon pressures-adjusted Human Development Index(DCHDI)model for the purpose of exploring the coupling effect between carbon emissions and human development variety from 2000 to 2019 in Chinese provinces.We demonstrate the following.(1)The total energy-related carbon footprint of 30 provinces in China reached 10.2 billion tons in 2019,with an average annual growth rate of 6.93% over the past two decades;and the provinces with the highest carbon emissions per capita are InnerMongolia,Ningxia,and Shanxi.(2)At the provincial level,we observed that the Human Development Index(HDI),which includes life expectancy,education,and income,has been rising,while Beijing,Shanghai,and Tianjin entered the super-high HDI level before 2008.(3)The entire coupling effect of 30 Chinese provinces has been broadly fortified in the last 20 years,but the growth rate of DCHDI values in 2011-2019 has slowed down compared with that in 2000-2010;the clustering phenomenon demonstrated that this discovery is associated with historical peaks in total carbon emissions.(4)The co-ordination degree of carbon emissions per capita and HDI was verified,and 96% of the data points were found in the range of super high coupling coordination degree.Overall,this study provides the government with worthwhile guidance for decision-making and carbon reduction strategies for other countries struggling to advance human sustainable development.
文摘This paper analyzed the severe drought that took place in the five provinces of Northern China in 1920.Study suggested that the severe damage caused by the drought was resulted from many reasons,such as certain specific natural conditions,deterioration of ecological environment,malformations of the rural economy and turbulence of domestic politics.However,some new phenomena took shapes during this time disaster relief activity.
基金supported by the program of Deep Exploration in China (Sinoprobe)the projects of China Geochemical Baselines (Sinoprobe-04-01)Deeppenetrating Geochemical Exploration (Sinoprobe-04-03).
文摘Gold geochemical provinces in China were delineated through stream sediment or catchment sediment sampling in this study.Each gold geochemical province delineated by a threshold value of 2.5 ng/g covers an area of thousands of kilometers.It is a dilemma that geochemists traditionally thought that gold could not migrate for a long distance in rivers or streams to form a large-scale geochemical anomaly due to its chemical inertness and high specific density.The quantitative spectroscopic analysis and observations under a scanning electron microscope （SEM） indicate the presence of submicroscopic gold particles （〈5 μm in diameter） in large quantities,and observations under a Transmission Electron Microscopy （TEM） further suggest the presence of nanoscale gold particles （several tens of nanometre in diameter） in ores,rocks,soils and stream sediments.Particularly,submicroscopic and nanoscale gold particles less than 5 μm were only found in samples having a low gold content （〈10ng/g）.This result shows that geochemical provinces,delineated by a threshold value of 2.5 ng/g,are formed by long-distance transport of ultrafine gold in streams.The findings may provide direct microscopic evidence for gold migration to form geochemical provinces.
文摘Igneous and detrital zircons have six major U/Pb isotopic age peaks in common(2700 Ma,1875 Ma.1045 Ma,625 Ma,265 Ma and 90 Ma).For igneous rocks,each age peak is comprised of subpeaks with distinct geographic distributions and a subpeak age range per age peak≤100 Myr.There are eight major LIP age peaks(found on≥10 crustal provinces)of which only four are in common to major detrital zircon age peaks(2715 Ma,1875 Ma,825 Ma,90 Ma).Of the whole-rock Re depletion ages,58%have correspo nding detrital zircon age peaks and 55%have corresponding LIP age peaks.Ten age pea ks are fou nd in common to igneous zircon,detrital zircon,LIP,and Re depletion age time series(3225 Ma,2875 Ma,2145 Ma,2085 Ma,1985 Ma,1785 Ma,1455 Ma,1175 Ma,825 Ma,and 90 Ma).and these are very robust peaks on a global scale as recorded in both crustal and mantle rocks.About 50%of the age peaks in each of these time series correspond to predicted peaks in a 94-Myr mantle cycle,including four of the ten peaks in common to all four time series(2875 Ma,1785 Ma,825 Ma and 90 Ma).Age peak widths and subpeak ranges per age peak suggest that mantle events responsible for age peaks are<100 Myr and many<50 Myr in duration.Age peak geographic distributions show three populations(≤1000 Ma,2500-1000 Ma,>2500 Ma),with the number of new provinces in which age peaks are represented decreasing with time within each population.The breaks between the populations(at 2.5 Ga and 1 Ga)fall near the onsets of two transitions in Earth history.The First Transition may represent a change from stagnant-lid tectonics into plate tectonics and the Second Transition,the onset of subduction of continental crust.The major factor controlling geographic distribution of age peaks is the changing locations of orogeny.Before^2 Ga,age subpeaks and peaks are housed in orogens within or around the edges of crustal provinces,mostly in accretionary orogens.but beginning at 1.9 Ga,collisional orogens become more important.The coincidence in duration between magmatic flare-ups in Phanerozoic arcs and duration of age subpeaks(10-30 Myr)is consiste nt with subpeaks representing periods of enhanced arcrelated magmatism.probably caused by increased subduction flux.The correlation of isotopic age peaks between time series supports a cause and effect relationship between mantle plume activity,continental magma production at convergent margins,and crustal deformation.Correlation of over half of the detrital zircon age peaks(and six of the nine major peaks)with Re depletion age peaks supports an interpretation of the zircon peaks as crustal growth rather than selective preservation peaks.
文摘Systematic analyses of noble metal elements in the Lower Cambrian black rock series of South China are reported. Correlations of w (Os)/ w (Ir), w (Au)/ w (Ir), w (Ag)/ w (Au), w (Pt+Pd)/ w (Os+Ru+Rh+Ir), relations of noble metal and platinum group element (PGE) distribution patterns reveal that the noble metals are not directly from extraterrestrial materials. Studying the data of 9 aspects, the authors conclude that the noble metals were mainly from ultramafic mafic igneous rocks and their enrichment in black rocks is mainly controlled by hydrothermal fluid.
基金Under the auspices of Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang(No.JJ2023LH0720)Philosophy and Social Sciences Research Program of Heilongjiang(No.21JLE323)Social Service Capacity Improvement Project of Harbin Normal University in 2022(No.1305123124)。
文摘Studying the impact of urbanization on agricultural development in shrinking areas is important for maintaining food security and promoted agricultural development in China.Based on the measurement results of the shrinking cities in the three provinces of Northeast China,this paper selects 15 shrinking cities as the research object,and constructs a multi-dimensional index system to explore the impact of the urbanization level of the shrinking areas on the agricultural development in the region since 2007–2019,analyzes the influencing factors and their differences by using the geographically-weighted regression model and Geodetector,and proposes a targeted regulation strategy.The results show that:1)overall,there is a negative correlation between the urbanization level and the agricultural development level in the contracted areas of the three northeastern provinces.The urbanization level in these areas has a certain negative impact on the overall level of agricultural development;2)regarding the time dimension,the impact of urbanization level on the agricultural development level in the contracted areas of the three northeastern provinces gradually increases over time;3)regarding the spatial pattern,the overall impact of shrinking urbanization levels in the three provinces of Northeast China on the agricultural development shows a significant distribution pattern of high in the east and low in the west;4)the total population and natural population growth rate at the end of the year were the main factors influencing a certain level of urbanization on agricultural development in the shrinking cities while population density and the urban fixed asset investment rate were the secondary factors;and 5)the main reasons why the level of agricultural development in different cities was affected by the level of urbanization were different.However,they can be categorized into areas of population loss and spatial construction,which can be further divided into area of population loss in the northeast,areas of negative population growth in the west,and areas of urban spatial change in the south.According to the causes of the impact,this paper adopted targeted regulation strategies and formulated relevant policies and solutions that cater to local conditions.
文摘Large igneous provinces （LIPs） are considered a relevant cause for mass extinctions of marine life throughout Earth＇s history. Their flood basalts and associated intrusions can cause significant release of SO4 and CO2 and consequently, cause major environmental disruptions. Here, we reconstruct the long-term periodic pattern of LIP emplacement and its impact on ocean chemistry and biodiversity from δ34Ssulfate of the last 520 Ma under particular consideration of the preservation limits of LIP records. A combination of cross-wavelet and other time-series analysis methods has been applied to quantify a potential chain of linkage between LIP emplacement periodicity, geochemical changes and the Phanerozoic marine genera record. We suggest a mantle plume cyclicity represented by LIP volumes （V） of V= （350-770） × 103km3sin（27πt/ 170 Ma）＋ （300-650）× 103 km3 sin（2πt/64.5 Ma ＋ 2.3） for t= time in Ma. A shift from the 64.5 Ma to a weaker -28-35 Ma LIP cyclicity during the Jurassic contributes together with probably independent changes in the marine sulfur cycle to less ocean anoxia, and a general stabilization of ocean chemistry and increasing marine biodiversity throughout the last -135 Ma. The LIP cycle pattern is coherent with marine biodiversity fluctuations corresponding to a reduction of marine biodiversity of -120 genera/Ma at 600 x 103 km3 LIP eruption volume. The 62-65 Ma LIP cycle pattern as well as excursion in -34Ssulfate and marine genera reduction suggest a not-vet identified found LIP event at - 440-450 Ma.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB29050701)the Emergency Key Program of Guangzhou (EKPG21-20)+2 种基金the China Evergrande Group funding for SARS-Co V-2 (2020GIRHHMS22)the Zhongnanshan Medical Foundation of Guangdong Province (ZNSA-2022009)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M682942)
文摘Human adenoviruses type 26(HAdV26)and type 35(HAdV35)have increasingly become the choice of adenovirus vectors for vaccine application.However,the population pre-existing immunity to these two adenoviruses in China,which may reduce vaccine efficacy,remains largely unknown.Here,we established micro-neutralizing(MN)assays to investigate the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)against HAdV26 and HAdV35 in the general population of Guangdong and Shandong provinces,China.A total of 1184 serum samples were collected,47.0%and 15.8%of which showed HAdV26 and HAdV35 nAb activity,respectively.HAdV26-seropositive individuals tended to have more moderate nAbs titers(201-1000),while HAdV35-seropositive individuals appeared to have more low nAbs titers(72-200).The seropositive rates of HAdV26 and HAdV35 in individuals younger than 20 years old were very low.The seropositive rates of HAdV26 increased with age before 70 years old and decreased thereafter,while HAdV35 seropositive rates did not show similar characteristics.Notably,the seropositive rates and nAb levels of both HAdV26 and HAdV35 were higher in Guangdong Province than in Shandong Province,but did not exert significant differences between males and females.The seroprevalence between HAdV26 and HAdV35 showed little correlation,and no significant cross-neutralizing activity was detected.These results clarified the characteristics of the herd immunity against HAdV26 and HAdV35,and provided information for the rational development and application of HAdV26 and HAdV35 as vaccine vectors in China.
文摘Since the Master of Translation and Interpreting has been established under the approval of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and the Chinese Ministry of Education, translation discipline stepped into a rapid development period in China as well as the research of interpreting studies. This paper aimed at providing a brief introduction of the current situation and existing problems of English interpreting studies in Three Northeastern Provinces of China under the comparative analysis of literature in CNKI China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database from 2004 to 2013.
文摘英国传教士普鲁恩夫人于1906年撰写了来华游记The Provinces of Western China,记叙晚清时期作者及其家人在华西诸省的所见所闻,这一游记对于我们了解当时四川、重庆、云南、贵州等地的风土人情具有重要价值。目前国内外学者对The Provinces of Western China所做的翻译研究不多。因此,文章拟以关联理论为指导,从词汇、句子两个层面分析来华游记The Provinces of Western China中的汉译实例,从而总结关联理论,希望对来华游记汉译具有指导意义。
基金The IGC-36 funding for preparation of field excursion guide for Renuka-Sector(part of NR008)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘In the Indian Himalaya,the Cambrian sequences are exposed in the Lesser and Tethyan Himalayan zones(LHZ and THZ).In the LHZ,the Cambrian biozonation is available at four stratigraphic intervals,i.e.,at~542-535 Ma,~524-513 Ma,~516 Ma,and~512 Ma.In the THZ,the Cambrian biozonation exists broadly at two stratigraphic intervals,i.e.,~514-505 Ma(in the Spiti region and partially in the Kashmir region)and~505-498 Ma(in the Zanskar region and partially in the Kashmir region).The Indian Cambrian faunal elements share Gondwanan and peri-gondwanan affinities.The depositional environments of the Cambrian sediments of THZ and LHZ show a wide array of settings.
文摘As a characteristic sedimentary type,molartooth carbonatites veins(MCV) can be found in almost all the Neoproterozoic carbonatite strata in the North Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces.But their forming mechanism is still an enigma,and more than four incompatible forming hypotheses have been put forward according to the structures,mineral components and elements of the MCV.Though all the MCV with the similar shape
文摘Owing to intensive human activities and the floods of the Huaihe River in historic peiod, the contiguous region of Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui provinces is suffering from a variety of environmental problems and naturaldisasters, of which water pollution and drought-flood disasters are most observable. Considering the special location andenvironmental status of the contiguous region, advices are proposed in the paper: perfecting trans-regional managementssystem of water environment incorporating basin management agencies in local government activities; strengthening cooperation of two agencies: water conservancy agency and environment protection agency; enhancing integrated control ofwater pollution and flood-drought disasters; taking the interests of the whole river into acount and paying attention to bothstorage and drainage; broadening sources of water supply and inceasing water delivery; controlling pollutant discharge,developing water saving production system.
文摘The world oil and gas market has entered a new period of low oil prices,which has inevitably affected the natural gas market in China.So,it is urgent to timely study the market trends and to actively seek for appropriate countermeasures.In this paper,the development trends of China's gas market under the situations of New Normal and low oil prices were analyzed from the perspective of sustainable development of the natural gas industrial chain and market,by taking the Sichuan and Chongqing gas provinces as an example,which are of representative and of great significance to China in its natural gas market.The following trends were identified.First,the gas market reform will be deepened.Second,the competition among major market players will be intensified.Third,supply will exceed demand.Fourth,export tasks will be difficult.Fifth,higher demand of“guarantees of the minimum GDP,tax and profit”will be raised for local government.And sixth,low-cost strategy will be indispensable to oil and gas enterprises.In order to cater to these trends,some countermeasures were presented during the 13th Five-Year Plan.First,to improve the natural gas market system,to strengthen the supply-side reform,to complete market development modes,and to promote the introduction of governmental policies for relevant industries.Second,to develop the efficient gas-consuming clusters such as industrial parks,LNG-fueled vehicles and vessels,and distributed energy sources system,to establish innovative marketing strategy systems,and to boost the localization of resource consumption,through the establishment of strategic alliances for natural gas terminal markets in partnership with local governments and competitive enterprises,while the Chinese government is intensifying efforts in promoting energy conservation and pollution reduction and haze control.Third,to improve the cobweb pipeline network system,and to establish the strategic reserve system.And fourth,to make greater efforts to deepen internal reforms,to cut costs in a sustainable way through technological and managerial innovation,so as to respond to any changes in the natural gas market as a result of low oil prices.
基金Under the auspices of Major State Basic Research Development Program(No.2007FY110300)Soft Science Research Project of Chongqing Science&Technology Commission(No.CSTC2011cx-rkxA0120)Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing(No.CSTC,2009CB2015)
文摘The studies on environmental effects of foreign trade and its spatial variations are helpful to design and implement environmental protection countermeasures.In order to eliminate the adverse effects of insufficient observation values on the accuracy of regression results and dynamic information quantity of fitting equation during empirical study,panel data of the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China from 1985 to 2007 were selected based on the adjustment of classical regression model in this paper.Panel unit root test and panel cointegration analysis method were applied to investigating the environmental effects of foreign trade and its spatial variations in the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China and its three groups divided by foreign trade dependence.The results show that all scale effects are positive,while all technical effects are negative and unable to counteract positive scale effects.Foreign trade development is regarded as an important cause for outstanding eco-environmental problems in the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China.Total effects and structural effects are significantly different among different groups because of spatial variations in environmental policies,export destinations,source of FDI,etc.Following the principle of′coordinating generality and considering differences comprehensively′,it is essential to issue a series of policies and countermeasures corresponding to differences in regional environmental effect of foreign trade,in order to coordinate the relationship between foreign trade development and eco-environment in each region.
基金The authors are grateful to the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant number:71471042].
文摘An efficient coal de-capacity quota allocation scheme is key for accelerating China's coal supplyside structure reform.This paper allocates the coal de-capacity quota from the perspective of efficiency to seek the optimal capacity allocation in each Chinese province.First,we estimate the coal capacity of 24 coal-producing provinces based on boundary production function model.According to the actual coal overcapacity in each province,we initially allocate the coal decapacity quota of reducing 0.8 billion tons among them.Then,we optimize the initial allocation plan by using the zero-sum gains data envelopment model(ZSG-DEA)considering backward coal capacity,coal economic output,and coal resource endowment of each province.The results indicate that:First,there is coal overcapacity all over China,and there are obvious differences among the provinces.Second,the optimal allocation results show that the large coal producing provinces,including Shanxi,Inter Mongolia,Shaanxi,etc.,need to undertake most of the coal decapacity tasks,while the old coal producing provinces in northeast and west China should undertake a heavier burden of coal de-capacity.Third,the“one-size fits-all”approach burdens the small coal producing provinces with reducing coal capacity,leading to a general low enthusiasm for coal de-capacity in these regions.
文摘Giant mafic dyke swarms are a key component of the feeder system of Large Igneous Provinces（LIPs）,large volume（>0.1 Mkm;;frequently above>1 M km;）,mainly mafic（-ultramafic）magmatic events of intraplate affinity.
文摘The iconic image of a giant radiating dyke swarm subsequently fragmented into three pieces via supercontinental breakup was produced by Paul May in1971(see next page).That figure presented a large part of
文摘Both ST(Soc Trang)and KG(Kien Giang)are coastal provinces of the Mekong River Delta and are most vulnerable to saline intrusion and climate variability.In 2016,thousands of Hhs(Households)in these coastal provinces were at risk due to severe drought and saline intrusion.This study applied the LVI(Livelihood Vulnerability Index)to estimate saline intrusion vulnerability of those two provinces.Data on socio-demographics,livelihoods,health,social networks,physical,financial and natural resources,natural disasters and climate variability were collected from a survey of 298 Hhs.From these data,the LVI of each coastal province was calculated.Results show that the overall LVI of KG province is higher than that of ST province.The analysis revealed that this practical method can be applied in different circumstances of climate change and purposes.
