′In this article, we use the fractional complex transformation to convert nonlinear partial fractional differential equations to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. We use the improved （G′/G）-expansion func...′In this article, we use the fractional complex transformation to convert nonlinear partial fractional differential equations to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. We use the improved （G′/G）-expansion function method to calculate the exact solutions to the time- and space-fractional derivative foam drainage equation and the time- and space-fractional derivative nonlinear KdV equation. This method is efficient and powerful for solving wide classes of nonlinear evolution fractional order equations.展开更多
In this paper, based on the element-free Galerkin （EFG） method and the improved complex variable moving least- square （ICVMLS） approximation, a new meshless method, which is the improved complex variable element-f...In this paper, based on the element-free Galerkin （EFG） method and the improved complex variable moving least- square （ICVMLS） approximation, a new meshless method, which is the improved complex variable element-free Galerkin （ICVEFG） method for two-dimensional potential problems, is presented. In the method, the integral weak form of control equations is employed, and the Lagrange multiplier is used to apply the essential boundary conditions. Then the corresponding formulas of the ICVEFG method for two-dimensional potential problems are obtained. Compared with the complex variable moving least-square （CVMLS） approximation proposed by Cheng, the functional in the ICVMLS approximation has an explicit physical meaning. Furthermore, the ICVEFG method has greater computational precision and efficiency. Three numerical examples are given to show the validity of the proposed method.展开更多
In the formal derivation and proof of binary tree algorithms,Dijkstra’s weakest predicate method is commonly used.However,the method has some drawbacks,including a time-consuming derivation process,complicated loop i...In the formal derivation and proof of binary tree algorithms,Dijkstra’s weakest predicate method is commonly used.However,the method has some drawbacks,including a time-consuming derivation process,complicated loop invariants,and the inability to generate executable programs from the specification.This paper proposes a unified strategy for the formal derivation and proof of binary tree non-recursive algorithms to address these issues.First,binary tree problem solving sequences are decomposed into two types of recursive relations based on queue and stack,and two corresponding loop invariant templates are constructed.Second,high-reliability Apla(abstract programming language)programs are derived using recursive relations and loop invariants.Finally,Apla programs are converted automatically into C++executable programs.Two types of problems with binary tree queue and stack recursive relations are used as examples,and their formal derivation and proof are performed to validate the proposed strategy’s effectiveness.This strategy improves the efficiency and correctness of binary tree algorithm derivation.展开更多
This article reports a research project undertaken for more than 16 years by the Cancer Depart-ment of Guang An Men Hospital.Tonic Jian Pi Yi Shen (JPYS 健脾益肾),which nourishes thespleen and kidney,was used in combi...This article reports a research project undertaken for more than 16 years by the Cancer Depart-ment of Guang An Men Hospital.Tonic Jian Pi Yi Shen (JPYS 健脾益肾),which nourishes thespleen and kidney,was used in combination with chemotherapy in the treatment of late stage gas-tric cancer patients for the purpose of promoting completion of the chemotherapeutic course,im-proving the general condition,ameliorating the reaction in the digestive system,protectinghemopoiesis and strengthening immunocompetence.The results of lab experiments were found tocoincide with those of clinical application.展开更多
This study analyzes the status-quo of the proved oil/gas initially-in-place and its variation trend,the proved undeveloped oil/gas initially-in-place,and the remaining proved technically recoverable reserves(TRR)of oi...This study analyzes the status-quo of the proved oil/gas initially-in-place and its variation trend,the proved undeveloped oil/gas initially-in-place,and the remaining proved technically recoverable reserves(TRR)of oil/gas in China as of 2020 based on statistics.As shown by the results,the proved oil initially-in-place(OIIP),the proved undeveloped OIIP,and the remaining proved TRR of oil in China are mainly distributed in the Bohai Bay,Ordos and Songliao Basins,and those of free gas are mainly in the Ordos,Sichuan,and Tarim Basins.From 2011 to 2020,the largest increment in the proved OIIP,the proved undeveloped OIIP and the remaining proved TRR of oil occurred in the Ordos Basin,followed by the Bohai Bay Basin,while that in the proved gas initially-in-place(GIIP),the proved undeveloped GIIP,and the remaining proved TRR of gas occurred in the Ordos Basin,followed by the Sichuan Basin.In addition,a comprehensive analysis reveals that the petroliferous basins in China with the potential of reserve addition and production growth include the Ordos Basin,the Bohai Bay Basin,the Sichuan Basin,and the Tarim Basin.展开更多
The article records details of the treatment process and efect of an elderly patient with senile vaginitis,where needling,a method of Chinese Traditional Medicine(TCM)method,was applied mainly,combined with oral admin...The article records details of the treatment process and efect of an elderly patient with senile vaginitis,where needling,a method of Chinese Traditional Medicine(TCM)method,was applied mainly,combined with oral administration of western medicine.It then analyses this disease from prospective of TCM.In the end,it concludes that no matter traditional needling method or traditional needling method combined with moxibustion,it has achieved a satisfied treatment effect while applying needling on chosen acupuncture points,so it is worthy being further popularized.展开更多
This paper presents the results of finite element analysis of rubber structures based on novel strain energy functions stemming from the representation theorem of tensorial function. The stress tensor is represented b...This paper presents the results of finite element analysis of rubber structures based on novel strain energy functions stemming from the representation theorem of tensorial function. The stress tensor is represented by Taylor expansion, using the representation theorem of tensorial function of a single tensorial argument for all terms in each order of the expansion. The scalar-valued coefficient functions of the theorem are represented by the integrity bases of the strain tensor and material constants to be determined by experiment. The computer implementation of the new constitutive laws has been verified by comparing the FE results with analytical solutions. A complicated structure of rubber bearing was analyzed. The FE results show good correlation with experimental data.展开更多
In order to better promote the sustainable,effective and rapid development of natural gas business and the on-schedule realization of“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”goal,this paper summarizes and reviews the achi...In order to better promote the sustainable,effective and rapid development of natural gas business and the on-schedule realization of“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”goal,this paper summarizes and reviews the achievements and experience in the development of natural gas industry in China.Then,the influence of energy environmental policies on the development of natural gas industry is analyzed,and domestic natural gas exploration and development situations are dissected.Finally,domestic natural gas exploration and development prospect is forecasted,and the corresponding development suggestions are proposed.And the following research results are obtained.First,under the commitment of the Paris Agreement and the strategy of carbon peak and carbon neutrality,China's natural gas industry faces unprecedented development opportunities.Second,domestic natural gas is characterized by abundant resource bases,low proven rate of resource and clear target and field of reserve and production increase,but the complexity of the resources and the rise of exploration and development cost make it more difficult to realize the large-scale efficient increase of natural gas production.Third,nevertheless,in order to ensure national energy security and reach the dual goals of economic development and environmental protection,China continues to powerfully enhance domestic oil and gas exploration and development.According to the growth trend of new proved gas reserves,it is predicted that the domestic new proved gas reserves by 2040 will be 16×10^(12)-20×10^(12) m^(3),the peak natural gas production of 2900×108-3300×108 m^(3) will be reached in 2030,and the proven rate of recoverable gas resources will be around 14%,which indicates the sustainability of the development goal.In order to realize these development goals,five suggestions are put forward:(1)Maintain continuous and stable investment in exploration and development,so that new breakthroughs and discoveries can be achieved continuously in natural gas exploration and natural gas development can keep the production arrow upward while compensating the production decline;(2)Strengthen technological researches and make use of technological and managerial innovation to break through forbidden exploration areas and improve the development benefits of gas fields;(3)Enhance the comprehensive management of developed gas fields to increase their ultimate recovery factor;(4)Optimize domestic and foreign gas sources,conventional and unconventional gas compositions as a whole to improve the ability to deal with gas supply risks;(5)Provide taxation preferences and subsidy policies continuously for unconventional natural gas to speed up the large-scale benefit production increase of unconventional natural gas.展开更多
Generalized Partial Computation (GPC) is a program transformation method utilizing partial information about input data, properties of auxiliary functions and the logical structure of a source program. GPC uses both a...Generalized Partial Computation (GPC) is a program transformation method utilizing partial information about input data, properties of auxiliary functions and the logical structure of a source program. GPC uses both an inference engine such as a theorem prover and a classical partial evaluator to optimize programs. Therefore, GPC is more powerful than classical partial evaluators but harder to implement and control. We have implemented an experimental GPC system called WSDFU (Waseda Simplify Distribute Fold Unfold). This paper discusses the power of the program transformation system, its theorem prover and future works.展开更多
In traditional digital twin communication system testing,we can apply test cases as completely as possible in order to ensure the correctness of the system implementation,and even then,there is no guarantee that the d...In traditional digital twin communication system testing,we can apply test cases as completely as possible in order to ensure the correctness of the system implementation,and even then,there is no guarantee that the digital twin communication system implementation is completely correct.Formal verification is currently recognized as a method to ensure the correctness of software system for communication in digital twins because it uses rigorous mathematical methods to verify the correctness of systems for communication in digital twins and can effectively help system designers determine whether the system is designed and implemented correctly.In this paper,we use the interactive theorem proving tool Isabelle/HOL to construct the formal model of the X86 architecture,and to model the related assembly instructions.The verification result shows that the system states obtained after the operations of relevant assembly instructions is consistent with the expected states,indicating that the system meets the design expectations.展开更多
We present a method for using type theory to solve decision making problem. Our method is based on the view that decision making is a special kind of theorem proving activity. An isomorphism between problems and types...We present a method for using type theory to solve decision making problem. Our method is based on the view that decision making is a special kind of theorem proving activity. An isomorphism between problems and types, and solutions and programs has been established to support this view which is much similar to the Curry-Howard isomorphism between propositions and types, and proofs and programs. To support our method, a proof development system called PowerEpsilon has been developed, and the synthesis of a decision procedure for validity of first-order propositional logic is discussed to show the power of the system.展开更多
This paper presents a program development system based on rewriting techniques. An introduction to an earlier version of the system without the verification system can be found in [1]. This paper focuses on the verifi...This paper presents a program development system based on rewriting techniques. An introduction to an earlier version of the system without the verification system can be found in [1]. This paper focuses on the verification subsystem which is designed to prove the correctness of the optimization rules and test equations in programs and specifications, hence to further guarantee the soundness of the program development process. The main technique employed in the verification subsystem is rewriting induction featured with batch proof method and witnessed test sets.展开更多
In this paper, we show how to use the novel extended strand space method to verify Kerberos V. First, we formally model novel semantical features in Kerberos V such as timestamps and protocol mixture in this new frame...In this paper, we show how to use the novel extended strand space method to verify Kerberos V. First, we formally model novel semantical features in Kerberos V such as timestamps and protocol mixture in this new framework. Second, we apply unsolicited authentication test to prove its secrecy and authentication goals of Kerberos V. Our formalization and proof in this case study have been mechanized using Isabelle/HOL.展开更多
In this paper, we present two extensions of the strand space method to model Kerberos V. First, we include time and timestamps to model security protocols with timestamps: we relate a key to a crack time and combine i...In this paper, we present two extensions of the strand space method to model Kerberos V. First, we include time and timestamps to model security protocols with timestamps: we relate a key to a crack time and combine it with timestamps in order to define a notion of recency. Therefore, we can check replay attacks in this new framework. Second, we extend the classic strand space theory to model protocol mixture. The main idea is to introduce a new relation to model the causal relation between one primary protocol session and one of its following secondary protocol session. Accordingly, we also extend the definition of unsolicited authentication test.展开更多
Proving inequalities means to establish that theinequality holds true for arbitrary admissible valuesof the parameters.Example 1:Prove that the absolute value of asum does not exceed the sum of the absolute values:|a...Proving inequalities means to establish that theinequality holds true for arbitrary admissible valuesof the parameters.Example 1:Prove that the absolute value of asum does not exceed the sum of the absolute values:|a+b|≤|a|+|b|.①Proof.The absolute value of the sum |a+b| isequal to a+b or to -(a+b).From the definition ofthe absolute value we havea≤|a|,b≤|b|and combining these inequalities termwise,we geta+b≤|a|+|b|.②In exactly the same manner,-a≤|a|,-b<|b| and-(a+b)≤|a|+|b|.③From the inequalities ②,③ and the definition of展开更多
It is reported that the work of re-structuring the frame of China nationalstandards system for processing food has been finished with the print and distribution of 2004-2005Development Plan of National Standards for F...It is reported that the work of re-structuring the frame of China nationalstandards system for processing food has been finished with the print and distribution of 2004-2005Development Plan of National Standards for Food (hereinafter Plan). According to the demand of thePlan, there will be great changes among the current national standards and the professionalstandards for processing food, in which some standards will be integrated with others, somestandards will be cancelled, and some will be brought into the new standards system after the reviewof standards. The standards after being changed and the new national standards and the professionalstandards that need to be developed compose the new standards system for processing food.展开更多
文摘′In this article, we use the fractional complex transformation to convert nonlinear partial fractional differential equations to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. We use the improved （G′/G）-expansion function method to calculate the exact solutions to the time- and space-fractional derivative foam drainage equation and the time- and space-fractional derivative nonlinear KdV equation. This method is efficient and powerful for solving wide classes of nonlinear evolution fractional order equations.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11171208)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project, China (Grant No. S30106)the Innovation Fund Project for Graduate Student of Shanghai University,China (Grant No. SHUCX112359)
文摘In this paper, based on the element-free Galerkin （EFG） method and the improved complex variable moving least- square （ICVMLS） approximation, a new meshless method, which is the improved complex variable element-free Galerkin （ICVEFG） method for two-dimensional potential problems, is presented. In the method, the integral weak form of control equations is employed, and the Lagrange multiplier is used to apply the essential boundary conditions. Then the corresponding formulas of the ICVEFG method for two-dimensional potential problems are obtained. Compared with the complex variable moving least-square （CVMLS） approximation proposed by Cheng, the functional in the ICVMLS approximation has an explicit physical meaning. Furthermore, the ICVEFG method has greater computational precision and efficiency. Three numerical examples are given to show the validity of the proposed method.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61862033,61902162)Key Project of Science and Technology Research of Department of Education of Jiangxi Province(GJJ210307)。
文摘In the formal derivation and proof of binary tree algorithms,Dijkstra’s weakest predicate method is commonly used.However,the method has some drawbacks,including a time-consuming derivation process,complicated loop invariants,and the inability to generate executable programs from the specification.This paper proposes a unified strategy for the formal derivation and proof of binary tree non-recursive algorithms to address these issues.First,binary tree problem solving sequences are decomposed into two types of recursive relations based on queue and stack,and two corresponding loop invariant templates are constructed.Second,high-reliability Apla(abstract programming language)programs are derived using recursive relations and loop invariants.Finally,Apla programs are converted automatically into C++executable programs.Two types of problems with binary tree queue and stack recursive relations are used as examples,and their formal derivation and proof are performed to validate the proposed strategy’s effectiveness.This strategy improves the efficiency and correctness of binary tree algorithm derivation.
文摘This article reports a research project undertaken for more than 16 years by the Cancer Depart-ment of Guang An Men Hospital.Tonic Jian Pi Yi Shen (JPYS 健脾益肾),which nourishes thespleen and kidney,was used in combination with chemotherapy in the treatment of late stage gas-tric cancer patients for the purpose of promoting completion of the chemotherapeutic course,im-proving the general condition,ameliorating the reaction in the digestive system,protectinghemopoiesis and strengthening immunocompetence.The results of lab experiments were found tocoincide with those of clinical application.
文摘This study analyzes the status-quo of the proved oil/gas initially-in-place and its variation trend,the proved undeveloped oil/gas initially-in-place,and the remaining proved technically recoverable reserves(TRR)of oil/gas in China as of 2020 based on statistics.As shown by the results,the proved oil initially-in-place(OIIP),the proved undeveloped OIIP,and the remaining proved TRR of oil in China are mainly distributed in the Bohai Bay,Ordos and Songliao Basins,and those of free gas are mainly in the Ordos,Sichuan,and Tarim Basins.From 2011 to 2020,the largest increment in the proved OIIP,the proved undeveloped OIIP and the remaining proved TRR of oil occurred in the Ordos Basin,followed by the Bohai Bay Basin,while that in the proved gas initially-in-place(GIIP),the proved undeveloped GIIP,and the remaining proved TRR of gas occurred in the Ordos Basin,followed by the Sichuan Basin.In addition,a comprehensive analysis reveals that the petroliferous basins in China with the potential of reserve addition and production growth include the Ordos Basin,the Bohai Bay Basin,the Sichuan Basin,and the Tarim Basin.
文摘The article records details of the treatment process and efect of an elderly patient with senile vaginitis,where needling,a method of Chinese Traditional Medicine(TCM)method,was applied mainly,combined with oral administration of western medicine.It then analyses this disease from prospective of TCM.In the end,it concludes that no matter traditional needling method or traditional needling method combined with moxibustion,it has achieved a satisfied treatment effect while applying needling on chosen acupuncture points,so it is worthy being further popularized.
文摘This paper presents the results of finite element analysis of rubber structures based on novel strain energy functions stemming from the representation theorem of tensorial function. The stress tensor is represented by Taylor expansion, using the representation theorem of tensorial function of a single tensorial argument for all terms in each order of the expansion. The scalar-valued coefficient functions of the theorem are represented by the integrity bases of the strain tensor and material constants to be determined by experiment. The computer implementation of the new constitutive laws has been verified by comparing the FE results with analytical solutions. A complicated structure of rubber bearing was analyzed. The FE results show good correlation with experimental data.
文摘In order to better promote the sustainable,effective and rapid development of natural gas business and the on-schedule realization of“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”goal,this paper summarizes and reviews the achievements and experience in the development of natural gas industry in China.Then,the influence of energy environmental policies on the development of natural gas industry is analyzed,and domestic natural gas exploration and development situations are dissected.Finally,domestic natural gas exploration and development prospect is forecasted,and the corresponding development suggestions are proposed.And the following research results are obtained.First,under the commitment of the Paris Agreement and the strategy of carbon peak and carbon neutrality,China's natural gas industry faces unprecedented development opportunities.Second,domestic natural gas is characterized by abundant resource bases,low proven rate of resource and clear target and field of reserve and production increase,but the complexity of the resources and the rise of exploration and development cost make it more difficult to realize the large-scale efficient increase of natural gas production.Third,nevertheless,in order to ensure national energy security and reach the dual goals of economic development and environmental protection,China continues to powerfully enhance domestic oil and gas exploration and development.According to the growth trend of new proved gas reserves,it is predicted that the domestic new proved gas reserves by 2040 will be 16×10^(12)-20×10^(12) m^(3),the peak natural gas production of 2900×108-3300×108 m^(3) will be reached in 2030,and the proven rate of recoverable gas resources will be around 14%,which indicates the sustainability of the development goal.In order to realize these development goals,five suggestions are put forward:(1)Maintain continuous and stable investment in exploration and development,so that new breakthroughs and discoveries can be achieved continuously in natural gas exploration and natural gas development can keep the production arrow upward while compensating the production decline;(2)Strengthen technological researches and make use of technological and managerial innovation to break through forbidden exploration areas and improve the development benefits of gas fields;(3)Enhance the comprehensive management of developed gas fields to increase their ultimate recovery factor;(4)Optimize domestic and foreign gas sources,conventional and unconventional gas compositions as a whole to improve the ability to deal with gas supply risks;(5)Provide taxation preferences and subsidy policies continuously for unconventional natural gas to speed up the large-scale benefit production increase of unconventional natural gas.
文摘Generalized Partial Computation (GPC) is a program transformation method utilizing partial information about input data, properties of auxiliary functions and the logical structure of a source program. GPC uses both an inference engine such as a theorem prover and a classical partial evaluator to optimize programs. Therefore, GPC is more powerful than classical partial evaluators but harder to implement and control. We have implemented an experimental GPC system called WSDFU (Waseda Simplify Distribute Fold Unfold). This paper discusses the power of the program transformation system, its theorem prover and future works.
基金supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province in China under grant No.BK20191475the fifth phase of“333 Project”scientific research funding project of Jiangsu Province in China under grant No.BRA2020306the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province in China under grant No.2019.
文摘In traditional digital twin communication system testing,we can apply test cases as completely as possible in order to ensure the correctness of the system implementation,and even then,there is no guarantee that the digital twin communication system implementation is completely correct.Formal verification is currently recognized as a method to ensure the correctness of software system for communication in digital twins because it uses rigorous mathematical methods to verify the correctness of systems for communication in digital twins and can effectively help system designers determine whether the system is designed and implemented correctly.In this paper,we use the interactive theorem proving tool Isabelle/HOL to construct the formal model of the X86 architecture,and to model the related assembly instructions.The verification result shows that the system states obtained after the operations of relevant assembly instructions is consistent with the expected states,indicating that the system meets the design expectations.
文摘We present a method for using type theory to solve decision making problem. Our method is based on the view that decision making is a special kind of theorem proving activity. An isomorphism between problems and types, and solutions and programs has been established to support this view which is much similar to the Curry-Howard isomorphism between propositions and types, and proofs and programs. To support our method, a proof development system called PowerEpsilon has been developed, and the synthesis of a decision procedure for validity of first-order propositional logic is discussed to show the power of the system.
文摘This paper presents a program development system based on rewriting techniques. An introduction to an earlier version of the system without the verification system can be found in [1]. This paper focuses on the verification subsystem which is designed to prove the correctness of the optimization rules and test equations in programs and specifications, hence to further guarantee the soundness of the program development process. The main technique employed in the verification subsystem is rewriting induction featured with batch proof method and witnessed test sets.
文摘In this paper, we show how to use the novel extended strand space method to verify Kerberos V. First, we formally model novel semantical features in Kerberos V such as timestamps and protocol mixture in this new framework. Second, we apply unsolicited authentication test to prove its secrecy and authentication goals of Kerberos V. Our formalization and proof in this case study have been mechanized using Isabelle/HOL.
文摘In this paper, we present two extensions of the strand space method to model Kerberos V. First, we include time and timestamps to model security protocols with timestamps: we relate a key to a crack time and combine it with timestamps in order to define a notion of recency. Therefore, we can check replay attacks in this new framework. Second, we extend the classic strand space theory to model protocol mixture. The main idea is to introduce a new relation to model the causal relation between one primary protocol session and one of its following secondary protocol session. Accordingly, we also extend the definition of unsolicited authentication test.
文摘Proving inequalities means to establish that theinequality holds true for arbitrary admissible valuesof the parameters.Example 1:Prove that the absolute value of asum does not exceed the sum of the absolute values:|a+b|≤|a|+|b|.①Proof.The absolute value of the sum |a+b| isequal to a+b or to -(a+b).From the definition ofthe absolute value we havea≤|a|,b≤|b|and combining these inequalities termwise,we geta+b≤|a|+|b|.②In exactly the same manner,-a≤|a|,-b<|b| and-(a+b)≤|a|+|b|.③From the inequalities ②,③ and the definition of
文摘It is reported that the work of re-structuring the frame of China nationalstandards system for processing food has been finished with the print and distribution of 2004-2005Development Plan of National Standards for Food (hereinafter Plan). According to the demand of thePlan, there will be great changes among the current national standards and the professionalstandards for processing food, in which some standards will be integrated with others, somestandards will be cancelled, and some will be brought into the new standards system after the reviewof standards. The standards after being changed and the new national standards and the professionalstandards that need to be developed compose the new standards system for processing food.
