To optimize both grain yield and quality of low-glutelin rice cultivars under N-fertilizer strategies, two-year field experiments involving three low-glutelin rice cultivars（W1240, W1721, W025） and an ordinary rice ...To optimize both grain yield and quality of low-glutelin rice cultivars under N-fertilizer strategies, two-year field experiments involving three low-glutelin rice cultivars（W1240, W1721, W025） and an ordinary rice cultivar（H9405） with five N treatments were carried out to determine the effects of N application rate and genotype on protein fractions contents and Glutelin/Prolamin ratio（Glu/Pro）. The difference of protein fraction concentrations affected by N application rate existed in genotypes. Ordinary rice cultivar had a larger increase in glutlein concentration affected by N application rate than low-glutelin rice cultivars did. Glutelin in H9405 had a increase of 30.6 and 41.0% under the N4 treatment（360 kg N ha^（–1）） when compared with N0 treatment（no fertilizer N） in 2010 and 2011 respectively, while all the low-glutelin rice cultivars showed relatively smaller increases for two years. Variance analysis showed no significant effect of N application rate on glutelin in W1240 and W025 while the effects on albumin, globulin and prolamin were significant in low-glutelin rice. What＇s more, N treatment had no significant i nfluence on Glu/Pro ratios in low-glutelin rice cultivars while a significant increase in Glu/Pro ratio was observed in ordinary rice cultivar. So low-gultelin rice cultivars showed a different pattern from ordinary rice cultivars when influenced by N application rate.展开更多
High malting quality of barley （Hordeum vulgare L.） relies on many traits, such as β-amylase and limit dextrinase activities and β-glucan and protein fraction contents. In this study, interval mapping was utilized...High malting quality of barley （Hordeum vulgare L.） relies on many traits, such as β-amylase and limit dextrinase activities and β-glucan and protein fraction contents. In this study, interval mapping was utilized to detect quantitative trait loci （QTLs） affecting these malting quality parameters using a doubled haploid （DH） population from a cross of CM72 （six-rowed） by Gairdner （two-rowed） barley cultivars. A total of nine QTLs for eight traits were mapped to chromosomes 3H, 4H, 5H, and 7H. Five of the nine QTLs mapped to chromosome 3H, indicating a possible role ofloci on chromosome 3H on malting quality. The phenotypic variation accounted by individual QTL ranged from 8.08% to 30.25%. The loci of QTLs for D-glucan and limit dex- trinase were identified on chromosomes 4H and 5H, respectively. QTL for hordeins was coincident with the region of silica eluate （SE） protein on 3HS, while QTLs for albumins, globulins, and total protein exhibited overlapping. One locus on chromosome 3H was found to be related to （J-amylase, and two loci on chromosomes 5H and 7H were found to be associated with glutelins. The identification of these novel QTLs controlling malting quality may be useful for marker-assisted selection in improving barley malting quality.展开更多
The accumulation of protein fractions was analyzed on developing and mature wheat grains of three cultivars differing in protein content and baking quality. There was a slight difference in the accumulation of cytopla...The accumulation of protein fractions was analyzed on developing and mature wheat grains of three cultivars differing in protein content and baking quality. There was a slight difference in the accumulation of cytoplasmic proteins in the cultivars used. The high yield but low protein cultivar showed a consistent decline of protein content during grain filling but the high - protein cultivars increased their psotein contant after 25 days post-anthcsis. The accumulation of storage proteins was different from that of cytoplasmic protein, and there were also cultivar variations. However, all cultivars reached their, maximum-synthesizing capacity for storage proteins at maturity. The relationship between the protein fractions or their ratio and baking quality was also discussed.展开更多
Introduction: The main objective of this study was to investigate abnormalities of serum protein fractions in hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Methods: This was a de...Introduction: The main objective of this study was to investigate abnormalities of serum protein fractions in hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 48 hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) recruited at the Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital (YO-TH), and 48 controls declared fit to donate blood by the Regional Blood Transfusion Center (RBTC) of Ouagadougou. Urea, creatinine, uric acid, and serum proteins were measured on the ARCHITECT C4000 equipment (ABOTT<sup>®</sup>), while the separating of the different protein fractions was performed on the Helena SAS 3 & 4 automated system. Results: A total of 96 individuals were included in the study. Protein levels were on average higher in controls (75.19 ± 6.56 g/L) than in hemodialysis patients (71.44 ± 12.33 g/L). Low blood albumin was significantly associated with the CRF hemodialysis groups compared to controls (p Conclusion: Serum protein electrophoresis is rapidly feasible and low cost. In hemodialysis CKD patients, it can be used to guide therapeutic management and predict morbidity and mortality related to variations in the various protein fractions.展开更多
In order to investigate the effeits of late nitrogen application on nitrogen translocation and protein fractions, three genotypes differing in protein content were studied in pot experiments at low and high fertility ...In order to investigate the effeits of late nitrogen application on nitrogen translocation and protein fractions, three genotypes differing in protein content were studied in pot experiments at low and high fertility regimes with late foliar nitrogen application. At high fertility, late nitrogen application increased N translocation and improved N translocation efficiency greatly, however, cultivar differences were found at low fertility and late nitrogen application increased both leaf and chaff N translocation, and increased culm N translocation only at high fertility. Relative contributions of vegetative components to N translocation efficiency were altered by late nitrogen application. Albumin and gliadin contents at maturity were decreased by late nitrogen application for all cultivars used, and cultivar variations for globulins were also observed. Xin Kehan No. 9, the high yielding, low grain protein content cultivar remained no change for glutenin content to late nitrogen application, Dongnong 7742, the high yielding, high grain protein content, decreased slightly, and Roblin, high grain protein but low yielding cultivar decreased only at hihg fertility. Residual protein contents were significantly increased by late nitrogen application for all cultivars. It was concluded that nitrogen applied at later stage could be used efficiently noly at high fertility, and most of the N translocated were used for the synthesis of residual proteins.展开更多
Accurate assessment of feed's Carbohydrate( CHO) and protein nutritional values and rumen metabolism are significant for dairy production. Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System( CNCPS) as an important method...Accurate assessment of feed's Carbohydrate( CHO) and protein nutritional values and rumen metabolism are significant for dairy production. Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System( CNCPS) as an important method to evaluate feedstuff nutritional values,hasn't been widely used in China. In order to illustrate updates of CNCPS systems deeply,the following sections were reviewed:( i) CHO and protein fractions were updated,CA was subdivided into CA1,CA2,CA3 and CA4 in CNCPS v6. 1,protein was reclassified into PA1,PA2,PB1,PB2 and PC after CNCPS v6. 1. Content of CHO and protein fractions vary in different feedstuff and affected by feed processing;( ii) Degradation rates( Kd) values for the new CA expanded scheme were updated to 0,7,5,40- 60 % h^(-1)respectively,Kd for PA and PB1 decreased to 200 % h^(-1)and 10- 40 % h^(-1);( iii) Equations for passage rate( Kp) initially includes Kpf( Kp of forages) and Kpc( Kp of concentrates),and adjusted by effective NDF( e NDF),while in CNCPS v5. 0,Kpl( Kp of liquids) equation was added and e NDF was replaced by physically effective NDF( pe NDF). In CNCPS v6. 1,Fp BW and Cp BW were integrated into Kp equations and pe NDF was abandoned.( iv)The relationship and difference among Weende system of proximate analysis,Van Soest fiber analysis~[35],NRC( 2001)~[28]and CNCPS were analyzed. The first two systems laid the foundation for NRC( 2001) and CNCPS system. The latter two systems are different in CHO and protein division,also NRC( 2001) developed separate Kp equations for wet and dry forages but no equation for Kpl. CNCPS developed a Kp equation that work for wet and dry forages,and Kpl equation was established. In conclusion,the division and development of CHO and protein fractions,the update of Kd and Kp equation were reviewed systematically.展开更多
This work evaluated the functional properties of sesame protein fractions in order to determine their potential in food applications.Sesame seed protein fractions were prepared according to their solubility:water-solu...This work evaluated the functional properties of sesame protein fractions in order to determine their potential in food applications.Sesame seed protein fractions were prepared according to their solubility:water-soluble(albumin),salt-soluble(globulin),alkaline-soluble(glutelin)and ethanol-soluble(prolamin).Globulin was the most abundant fraction,consisting of 91%protein,followed by glutelin,albumin and prolamin in decreasing order.Non-reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)showed polypeptides of sizes≥20 kDa for albumin while glutelin and globulin had similar polypeptide sizes at 19,85 and 100 kDa.Prolamin had polypeptide sizes 20,40 and 100 kDa.The albumin and globulin fractions had higher intrinsic fluorescence intensity(FI)values than the glutelin.Albumin had a higher solubility(ranging from 80 to 100%)over a wide pH range when compared with the other fractions.Water holding capacity(g/g)reduced from 2.76(glutelin)to 1.35(prolamin)followed by 0.42(globulin)and 0.08(albumin).Oil holding capacity(g/g)reduced from:4.13(glutelin)to 2.57(globulin)and 1.56,1.50 for albumin and prolamin respectively.Gelling ability was stronger for prolamin and glutelin than albumin and globulin,while higher emulsion(p<0.05)quality was obtained for prolamin and albumin than for glutelin and globulin.展开更多
A strong gluten wheat cultivar Shannong 12 and a medium-strength wheat cultivar Shannong 11 were used to investigate the effects of wheat protein contents and protein fractions on dough rheological properties using a ...A strong gluten wheat cultivar Shannong 12 and a medium-strength wheat cultivar Shannong 11 were used to investigate the effects of wheat protein contents and protein fractions on dough rheological properties using a reconstitution method. The results indicated that the peak height, peak width, peak integral, resistance to extension and area under the curve were increased when protein content increased to 120, 140, and 160% （w/w） of the protein content in the base flours for doughs made from each wheat cultivar. All protein fractions were added to each of the base flours at three levels （0.25, 0.50 and 1.00%, w/w） based upon the protein content. The mixograph dough development time, peak width, and resistance to extension increased when the glutenin, insoluble glutenin, soluble glutenin, and glutenin macropolymer were added and increased systematically with increasing levels of these fractions. Peak integral increased by adding and increasing protein content, however, albumin-globulin had no obvious effects. Extensibility at rupture decreased when the glutenin, insoluble glutenin, soluble glutenin, and glutenin macropolymer were added, and decreased systematically with increasing levels of these fractions. However, extensibility at rupture increased when the monomeric protein, albumin-globulin, and gliadin were added, and increased systematically with increasing levels of these fractions.展开更多
Bronchial asthma is a common chronic airway inflammatory disease. Asthma is associated with high mortality, especially in the elderly patients. Repeated exacerbations cause disease progression. Therefore, identifying ...Bronchial asthma is a common chronic airway inflammatory disease. Asthma is associated with high mortality, especially in the elderly patients. Repeated exacerbations cause disease progression. Therefore, identifying the onset of acute elderly asthma as soon as possible and giving the effective treatment is crucial to improve the prognosis. This study was to investigate the significance of fractional exhaled nitric oxide （FeNO） combined with serum procalcitonin （PCT） and C-reactive protein （CRP） in the evaluation of elderly asthma. A total of 120 elderly patients with an acute attack of asthma from July, 2010 to May, 2012 were studied. On presentation, FeNO, serum PCT and CRP concentrations were measured and sputum culture was also performed. The elderly patients were re-evaluated when they had returned to their stable clinical state. The elderly patients were classified into two groups： positive bac- terial culture group （A） and negative bacterial culture group （B）. The results showed that： （1） In patients with an acute exacerbation of asthma, 48 （40%） patients had positive sputum bacterial culture and 72 （60%） had negative sputum bacterial culture. （2） The levels of FeNO in patients with acute exacerbation of asthma were significantly higher than in those with no acute exacerbation state （63.8±24.6 vs. 19±6.5 ppb, P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference in FeNO between group A and group B （P〉0.05）. （3） The levels of PCT and CRP in group A patients with an acute exacerbation of asthma were significantly higher （P〈0.05） than in group B （for PCT： 27.46±9.32 vs. 7.85±3.52 ng/mL; for CRP： 51.25±11.46 vs. 17.11±5.87 mg/L, respectively）. When they had returned to stable clinical state, the levels of PCT and CRP in group A were decreased significantly （P〈0.05）, and those in group B had no significant change （P〉0.05） when compared with the exacerbation group. There were no significant differences in the levels of PCT and CRP between the two groups in non-acute exacerbation state （/9〉0.05）. These results suggest that the increase in FeNO indicates the acute exacerbation of asthma, and the elevation of serum PCT and CRP levels may be associated with bacterial infection.展开更多
【目的】分析新疆小麦品种资源蛋白质品质性状和贮藏蛋白组分的遗传多样性及其关系,为拓宽新疆小麦品种资源的遗传基础及育种的亲本选配和品种选育提供优质亲本材料。【方法】以303份新疆小麦品种资源为材料,对其蛋白质品质性状和贮藏...【目的】分析新疆小麦品种资源蛋白质品质性状和贮藏蛋白组分的遗传多样性及其关系,为拓宽新疆小麦品种资源的遗传基础及育种的亲本选配和品种选育提供优质亲本材料。【方法】以303份新疆小麦品种资源为材料,对其蛋白质品质性状和贮藏蛋白组分含量进行变异、相关及聚类分析,并计算其遗传多样性指数(H')和隶属函数值,对供试材料进行综合评价。【结果】新疆小麦品种资源蛋白质品质性状和贮藏蛋白组分含量的变异系数范围分别为5.52%—60.99%和9.17%—23.69%,变异系数最大的为8分钟宽度;贮藏蛋白组分含量的变异系数最大为不溶性谷蛋白聚合体含量(UPP);遗传多样性指数分别为1.06—2.15,平均为1.78,其中,面筋指数最大,为2.15,峰值时间最小,为1.06。相关分析、多元回归分析表明,综合评价值(F_(15))可以评价蛋白品质(面筋质量)的优劣;面筋指数(GI)、峰值时间(PT)、8分钟宽度(8 min width)、沉淀值(SV)和不溶性谷蛋白聚合体含量(UPP)指标是评价蛋白品质的重要性状,可在今后的育种中加以应用。经聚类分析,将303份小麦品种资源分为三类,所占比例分别为15.84%、43.23%和40.92%,3个类群中,第Ⅰ类群的综合评价值表现最高,品质指标表现最优,其中,不溶性谷蛋白聚合体百分含量(%UPP)、不溶性谷蛋白聚合体含量(UPP)、面筋指数(GI)、峰值时间(PT)、8分钟宽度(8 min width)、8分钟面积(8 min area)、沉淀值(SV)等7个指标的平均值均显著最高,表明通过F_(15)评价面筋质量的优劣是可靠的。【结论】明确了新疆冬小麦品种资源蛋白质品质性状和贮藏蛋白组分指标的遗传多样性分布特点及关系,筛选出评价蛋白质品质的重要性状,基于综合评价值(F_(15))筛选出一批贮藏蛋白组分与小麦蛋白质品质性状综合表现优异的资源,可在今后的育种中加以利用。展开更多
为了筛选适宜三江源区的燕麦品种及高效添加剂,选用燕麦品种‘贝勒Ⅱ’‘白燕2’和‘白燕7’,于抽穗期收获后,分别设置空白对照(CK)、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum,LP)、布氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus buchneri,LB)及苯甲酸钠(Sodium...为了筛选适宜三江源区的燕麦品种及高效添加剂,选用燕麦品种‘贝勒Ⅱ’‘白燕2’和‘白燕7’,于抽穗期收获后,分别设置空白对照(CK)、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum,LP)、布氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus buchneri,LB)及苯甲酸钠(Sodium benzoate,SB)添加剂处理,青贮45 d后取样分析,测定青贮品质和净碳水化合物和蛋白质体系(Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system,CNCPS)蛋白组分。结果表明:(1)‘白燕2’的干物质、可溶性碳水化合物、蛋白质和粗脂肪含量显著高于其他品种。(2)与对照组相比,添加剂组可以显著降低高寒地区燕麦青贮饲料的pH值(P<0.05),添加LB能够显著降低氨态氮含量,提高乳酸和乙酸含量(P<0.05)。不同添加剂均能显著降低中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量(P<0.05)。品种和添加剂互作对燕麦青贮饲料有显著影响(P<0.01)。(3)CNCPS蛋白组分测定结果表明,品种和添加剂互作对PB组分含量均有显著提高(P<0.01),对PA和PC组分含量均有显著降低(P<0.01)。综上所述,品种和添加剂互作对燕麦青贮品质和CNCPS蛋白组分均有不同程度的改善作用,以“白燕2+LB”组合效果最佳。展开更多
The grain legume cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is a major protein source used for food and feed in Sub-Saharan Africa. The crop is affected by the pod borer Maruca vitrata against which transgenic lines were dev...The grain legume cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is a major protein source used for food and feed in Sub-Saharan Africa. The crop is affected by the pod borer Maruca vitrata against which transgenic lines were developed as part of the genetic control approach. This study aimed to assess the protein profiles in seeds and leaves of transgenic cowpea lines and their non-transgenic near-isogenic counterparts. Crude protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method, and soluble proteins were quantified using Bradford dye binding assay. The average crude protein content ranged between 21.61% and 26.58% in the seeds and between 10.86% and 17.90% in the leaves. Total solubility varied between 13.03% and 20.64%. Osborne’s protein fractions contents in the seeds were 52.41% - 69.52% (albumin), 4.62% - 7.19% (globulin), 7.95% - 11.40% (glutelin) and 3% - 4% (prolamin). In any case, protein content differed significantly between cowpea genotypes but not between pairs of transgenic/non-transgenic lines. Insecticidal Cry1Ab protein expressed by transgenic lines was only detected in the albumin and globulin fractions. Altogether, these findings enhance our understanding of the effects of genetic modification on cowpea protein content and composition, with potential implications for nutritional and safety assessments.展开更多
The Bambara groundnut Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. is a drought-resistant indigenous African grain legume with significant nutritional and agronomic potential. This study aimed to characterize the seed storage protei...The Bambara groundnut Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. is a drought-resistant indigenous African grain legume with significant nutritional and agronomic potential. This study aimed to characterize the seed storage proteins of eight Bambara groundnut landraces. Seeds of Bambara groundnut landraces were collected from local markets in Burkina Faso, and total soluble protein as well as protein fractions were extracted. Crude protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method, and soluble proteins were quantified using Bradford dye binding assay. The average crude protein content of the seeds was found to be 18.46%, with variations ranging from 17.69% to 19.17% among the different landraces. Most of the protein content was soluble, constituting approximately 87.04% of the total crude protein. Albumin fraction was the most dominant, representing about 95.42% of the total soluble proteins. The globulin, prolamin and glutelin fractions accounted for 1.82%, 0.13% and 1.17% of the soluble proteins, respectively. The findings provide valuable insights into the protein composition of Bambara groundnut landraces and contribute to our understanding of its nutritional potential, laying the groundwork for further research on crop improvement and sustainable agriculture practices.展开更多
Aim: To isolate and transplant germ celis from adult mouse testes for transplantation. Methods: In order to distinguish transplanted celis from endogenous celis of recipients, donor transgenic mice expressing green fl...Aim: To isolate and transplant germ celis from adult mouse testes for transplantation. Methods: In order to distinguish transplanted celis from endogenous celis of recipients, donor transgenic mice expressing green fluores cent protein (GFP) were used. Germ celis were collected from the donors at 10-12 weeks of age and spermatogonia were concentrated by percoll fractionation and transplanted into recipient seminiferous tubules that had been previ ously treated with busulfan at 5 weeks of age to remove the endogenous spermatogenic celis. Results: Twenty vveeks after the transplantation, a wide spread GFP signal was observed in the recipient seminiferous tubules. The presence of spermatogenesis and spermatozoa was confirmed in sections of 12 out of 14 testes transplanted (86 %). However, when germ celis were transplanted without concentration the success rate was zero (0/9). Conclusion: Germ celis from adult mouse testes can be successfully transplanted into recipient seminiferous tubules if the cell population is rich in spermatogonia and the percoll fractionation is useful in obtaining such a cell population.展开更多
基金provided by the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2011BAD16B14, 2012BAD20B05, 2012BAD04B08)
文摘To optimize both grain yield and quality of low-glutelin rice cultivars under N-fertilizer strategies, two-year field experiments involving three low-glutelin rice cultivars（W1240, W1721, W025） and an ordinary rice cultivar（H9405） with five N treatments were carried out to determine the effects of N application rate and genotype on protein fractions contents and Glutelin/Prolamin ratio（Glu/Pro）. The difference of protein fraction concentrations affected by N application rate existed in genotypes. Ordinary rice cultivar had a larger increase in glutlein concentration affected by N application rate than low-glutelin rice cultivars did. Glutelin in H9405 had a increase of 30.6 and 41.0% under the N4 treatment（360 kg N ha^（–1）） when compared with N0 treatment（no fertilizer N） in 2010 and 2011 respectively, while all the low-glutelin rice cultivars showed relatively smaller increases for two years. Variance analysis showed no significant effect of N application rate on glutelin in W1240 and W025 while the effects on albumin, globulin and prolamin were significant in low-glutelin rice. What＇s more, N treatment had no significant i nfluence on Glu/Pro ratios in low-glutelin rice cultivars while a significant increase in Glu/Pro ratio was observed in ordinary rice cultivar. So low-gultelin rice cultivars showed a different pattern from ordinary rice cultivars when influenced by N application rate.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30630047 and 30771281)the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2006AA10Z1C3)the Ministry of Education and the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (111 Project) of China (No. B06014)
文摘High malting quality of barley （Hordeum vulgare L.） relies on many traits, such as β-amylase and limit dextrinase activities and β-glucan and protein fraction contents. In this study, interval mapping was utilized to detect quantitative trait loci （QTLs） affecting these malting quality parameters using a doubled haploid （DH） population from a cross of CM72 （six-rowed） by Gairdner （two-rowed） barley cultivars. A total of nine QTLs for eight traits were mapped to chromosomes 3H, 4H, 5H, and 7H. Five of the nine QTLs mapped to chromosome 3H, indicating a possible role ofloci on chromosome 3H on malting quality. The phenotypic variation accounted by individual QTL ranged from 8.08% to 30.25%. The loci of QTLs for D-glucan and limit dex- trinase were identified on chromosomes 4H and 5H, respectively. QTL for hordeins was coincident with the region of silica eluate （SE） protein on 3HS, while QTLs for albumins, globulins, and total protein exhibited overlapping. One locus on chromosome 3H was found to be related to （J-amylase, and two loci on chromosomes 5H and 7H were found to be associated with glutelins. The identification of these novel QTLs controlling malting quality may be useful for marker-assisted selection in improving barley malting quality.
文摘The accumulation of protein fractions was analyzed on developing and mature wheat grains of three cultivars differing in protein content and baking quality. There was a slight difference in the accumulation of cytoplasmic proteins in the cultivars used. The high yield but low protein cultivar showed a consistent decline of protein content during grain filling but the high - protein cultivars increased their psotein contant after 25 days post-anthcsis. The accumulation of storage proteins was different from that of cytoplasmic protein, and there were also cultivar variations. However, all cultivars reached their, maximum-synthesizing capacity for storage proteins at maturity. The relationship between the protein fractions or their ratio and baking quality was also discussed.
文摘Introduction: The main objective of this study was to investigate abnormalities of serum protein fractions in hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 48 hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) recruited at the Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital (YO-TH), and 48 controls declared fit to donate blood by the Regional Blood Transfusion Center (RBTC) of Ouagadougou. Urea, creatinine, uric acid, and serum proteins were measured on the ARCHITECT C4000 equipment (ABOTT<sup>®</sup>), while the separating of the different protein fractions was performed on the Helena SAS 3 & 4 automated system. Results: A total of 96 individuals were included in the study. Protein levels were on average higher in controls (75.19 ± 6.56 g/L) than in hemodialysis patients (71.44 ± 12.33 g/L). Low blood albumin was significantly associated with the CRF hemodialysis groups compared to controls (p Conclusion: Serum protein electrophoresis is rapidly feasible and low cost. In hemodialysis CKD patients, it can be used to guide therapeutic management and predict morbidity and mortality related to variations in the various protein fractions.
文摘In order to investigate the effeits of late nitrogen application on nitrogen translocation and protein fractions, three genotypes differing in protein content were studied in pot experiments at low and high fertility regimes with late foliar nitrogen application. At high fertility, late nitrogen application increased N translocation and improved N translocation efficiency greatly, however, cultivar differences were found at low fertility and late nitrogen application increased both leaf and chaff N translocation, and increased culm N translocation only at high fertility. Relative contributions of vegetative components to N translocation efficiency were altered by late nitrogen application. Albumin and gliadin contents at maturity were decreased by late nitrogen application for all cultivars used, and cultivar variations for globulins were also observed. Xin Kehan No. 9, the high yielding, low grain protein content cultivar remained no change for glutenin content to late nitrogen application, Dongnong 7742, the high yielding, high grain protein content, decreased slightly, and Roblin, high grain protein but low yielding cultivar decreased only at hihg fertility. Residual protein contents were significantly increased by late nitrogen application for all cultivars. It was concluded that nitrogen applied at later stage could be used efficiently noly at high fertility, and most of the N translocated were used for the synthesis of residual proteins.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31572435)Creative Workgroup on Dairy Industry of Beijing City 2012
文摘Accurate assessment of feed's Carbohydrate( CHO) and protein nutritional values and rumen metabolism are significant for dairy production. Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System( CNCPS) as an important method to evaluate feedstuff nutritional values,hasn't been widely used in China. In order to illustrate updates of CNCPS systems deeply,the following sections were reviewed:( i) CHO and protein fractions were updated,CA was subdivided into CA1,CA2,CA3 and CA4 in CNCPS v6. 1,protein was reclassified into PA1,PA2,PB1,PB2 and PC after CNCPS v6. 1. Content of CHO and protein fractions vary in different feedstuff and affected by feed processing;( ii) Degradation rates( Kd) values for the new CA expanded scheme were updated to 0,7,5,40- 60 % h^(-1)respectively,Kd for PA and PB1 decreased to 200 % h^(-1)and 10- 40 % h^(-1);( iii) Equations for passage rate( Kp) initially includes Kpf( Kp of forages) and Kpc( Kp of concentrates),and adjusted by effective NDF( e NDF),while in CNCPS v5. 0,Kpl( Kp of liquids) equation was added and e NDF was replaced by physically effective NDF( pe NDF). In CNCPS v6. 1,Fp BW and Cp BW were integrated into Kp equations and pe NDF was abandoned.( iv)The relationship and difference among Weende system of proximate analysis,Van Soest fiber analysis~[35],NRC( 2001)~[28]and CNCPS were analyzed. The first two systems laid the foundation for NRC( 2001) and CNCPS system. The latter two systems are different in CHO and protein division,also NRC( 2001) developed separate Kp equations for wet and dry forages but no equation for Kpl. CNCPS developed a Kp equation that work for wet and dry forages,and Kpl equation was established. In conclusion,the division and development of CHO and protein fractions,the update of Kd and Kp equation were reviewed systematically.
基金Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC),funding reference number RGPIN 2018–06019Cette recherche aétéfinancée par le Conseil de recherches en sciences naturelles et en génie du Canada(CRSNG),numéro de référence RGPIN 2018–06019.
文摘This work evaluated the functional properties of sesame protein fractions in order to determine their potential in food applications.Sesame seed protein fractions were prepared according to their solubility:water-soluble(albumin),salt-soluble(globulin),alkaline-soluble(glutelin)and ethanol-soluble(prolamin).Globulin was the most abundant fraction,consisting of 91%protein,followed by glutelin,albumin and prolamin in decreasing order.Non-reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)showed polypeptides of sizes≥20 kDa for albumin while glutelin and globulin had similar polypeptide sizes at 19,85 and 100 kDa.Prolamin had polypeptide sizes 20,40 and 100 kDa.The albumin and globulin fractions had higher intrinsic fluorescence intensity(FI)values than the glutelin.Albumin had a higher solubility(ranging from 80 to 100%)over a wide pH range when compared with the other fractions.Water holding capacity(g/g)reduced from 2.76(glutelin)to 1.35(prolamin)followed by 0.42(globulin)and 0.08(albumin).Oil holding capacity(g/g)reduced from:4.13(glutelin)to 2.57(globulin)and 1.56,1.50 for albumin and prolamin respectively.Gelling ability was stronger for prolamin and glutelin than albumin and globulin,while higher emulsion(p<0.05)quality was obtained for prolamin and albumin than for glutelin and globulin.
基金supported financially by the 863 Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2006AA10Z1E9)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30671270)the 863 Key Important Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(2006AA100101).
文摘A strong gluten wheat cultivar Shannong 12 and a medium-strength wheat cultivar Shannong 11 were used to investigate the effects of wheat protein contents and protein fractions on dough rheological properties using a reconstitution method. The results indicated that the peak height, peak width, peak integral, resistance to extension and area under the curve were increased when protein content increased to 120, 140, and 160% （w/w） of the protein content in the base flours for doughs made from each wheat cultivar. All protein fractions were added to each of the base flours at three levels （0.25, 0.50 and 1.00%, w/w） based upon the protein content. The mixograph dough development time, peak width, and resistance to extension increased when the glutenin, insoluble glutenin, soluble glutenin, and glutenin macropolymer were added and increased systematically with increasing levels of these fractions. Peak integral increased by adding and increasing protein content, however, albumin-globulin had no obvious effects. Extensibility at rupture decreased when the glutenin, insoluble glutenin, soluble glutenin, and glutenin macropolymer were added, and decreased systematically with increasing levels of these fractions. However, extensibility at rupture increased when the monomeric protein, albumin-globulin, and gliadin were added, and increased systematically with increasing levels of these fractions.
基金supported by Fundation of Henan Provincial Medical Science and Technology Research(No.201003098)
文摘Bronchial asthma is a common chronic airway inflammatory disease. Asthma is associated with high mortality, especially in the elderly patients. Repeated exacerbations cause disease progression. Therefore, identifying the onset of acute elderly asthma as soon as possible and giving the effective treatment is crucial to improve the prognosis. This study was to investigate the significance of fractional exhaled nitric oxide （FeNO） combined with serum procalcitonin （PCT） and C-reactive protein （CRP） in the evaluation of elderly asthma. A total of 120 elderly patients with an acute attack of asthma from July, 2010 to May, 2012 were studied. On presentation, FeNO, serum PCT and CRP concentrations were measured and sputum culture was also performed. The elderly patients were re-evaluated when they had returned to their stable clinical state. The elderly patients were classified into two groups： positive bac- terial culture group （A） and negative bacterial culture group （B）. The results showed that： （1） In patients with an acute exacerbation of asthma, 48 （40%） patients had positive sputum bacterial culture and 72 （60%） had negative sputum bacterial culture. （2） The levels of FeNO in patients with acute exacerbation of asthma were significantly higher than in those with no acute exacerbation state （63.8±24.6 vs. 19±6.5 ppb, P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference in FeNO between group A and group B （P〉0.05）. （3） The levels of PCT and CRP in group A patients with an acute exacerbation of asthma were significantly higher （P〈0.05） than in group B （for PCT： 27.46±9.32 vs. 7.85±3.52 ng/mL; for CRP： 51.25±11.46 vs. 17.11±5.87 mg/L, respectively）. When they had returned to stable clinical state, the levels of PCT and CRP in group A were decreased significantly （P〈0.05）, and those in group B had no significant change （P〉0.05） when compared with the exacerbation group. There were no significant differences in the levels of PCT and CRP between the two groups in non-acute exacerbation state （/9〉0.05）. These results suggest that the increase in FeNO indicates the acute exacerbation of asthma, and the elevation of serum PCT and CRP levels may be associated with bacterial infection.
文摘【目的】分析新疆小麦品种资源蛋白质品质性状和贮藏蛋白组分的遗传多样性及其关系,为拓宽新疆小麦品种资源的遗传基础及育种的亲本选配和品种选育提供优质亲本材料。【方法】以303份新疆小麦品种资源为材料,对其蛋白质品质性状和贮藏蛋白组分含量进行变异、相关及聚类分析,并计算其遗传多样性指数(H')和隶属函数值,对供试材料进行综合评价。【结果】新疆小麦品种资源蛋白质品质性状和贮藏蛋白组分含量的变异系数范围分别为5.52%—60.99%和9.17%—23.69%,变异系数最大的为8分钟宽度;贮藏蛋白组分含量的变异系数最大为不溶性谷蛋白聚合体含量(UPP);遗传多样性指数分别为1.06—2.15,平均为1.78,其中,面筋指数最大,为2.15,峰值时间最小,为1.06。相关分析、多元回归分析表明,综合评价值(F_(15))可以评价蛋白品质(面筋质量)的优劣;面筋指数(GI)、峰值时间(PT)、8分钟宽度(8 min width)、沉淀值(SV)和不溶性谷蛋白聚合体含量(UPP)指标是评价蛋白品质的重要性状,可在今后的育种中加以应用。经聚类分析,将303份小麦品种资源分为三类,所占比例分别为15.84%、43.23%和40.92%,3个类群中,第Ⅰ类群的综合评价值表现最高,品质指标表现最优,其中,不溶性谷蛋白聚合体百分含量(%UPP)、不溶性谷蛋白聚合体含量(UPP)、面筋指数(GI)、峰值时间(PT)、8分钟宽度(8 min width)、8分钟面积(8 min area)、沉淀值(SV)等7个指标的平均值均显著最高,表明通过F_(15)评价面筋质量的优劣是可靠的。【结论】明确了新疆冬小麦品种资源蛋白质品质性状和贮藏蛋白组分指标的遗传多样性分布特点及关系,筛选出评价蛋白质品质的重要性状,基于综合评价值(F_(15))筛选出一批贮藏蛋白组分与小麦蛋白质品质性状综合表现优异的资源,可在今后的育种中加以利用。
文摘为了筛选适宜三江源区的燕麦品种及高效添加剂,选用燕麦品种‘贝勒Ⅱ’‘白燕2’和‘白燕7’,于抽穗期收获后,分别设置空白对照(CK)、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum,LP)、布氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus buchneri,LB)及苯甲酸钠(Sodium benzoate,SB)添加剂处理,青贮45 d后取样分析,测定青贮品质和净碳水化合物和蛋白质体系(Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system,CNCPS)蛋白组分。结果表明:(1)‘白燕2’的干物质、可溶性碳水化合物、蛋白质和粗脂肪含量显著高于其他品种。(2)与对照组相比,添加剂组可以显著降低高寒地区燕麦青贮饲料的pH值(P<0.05),添加LB能够显著降低氨态氮含量,提高乳酸和乙酸含量(P<0.05)。不同添加剂均能显著降低中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量(P<0.05)。品种和添加剂互作对燕麦青贮饲料有显著影响(P<0.01)。(3)CNCPS蛋白组分测定结果表明,品种和添加剂互作对PB组分含量均有显著提高(P<0.01),对PA和PC组分含量均有显著降低(P<0.01)。综上所述,品种和添加剂互作对燕麦青贮品质和CNCPS蛋白组分均有不同程度的改善作用,以“白燕2+LB”组合效果最佳。
文摘The grain legume cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is a major protein source used for food and feed in Sub-Saharan Africa. The crop is affected by the pod borer Maruca vitrata against which transgenic lines were developed as part of the genetic control approach. This study aimed to assess the protein profiles in seeds and leaves of transgenic cowpea lines and their non-transgenic near-isogenic counterparts. Crude protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method, and soluble proteins were quantified using Bradford dye binding assay. The average crude protein content ranged between 21.61% and 26.58% in the seeds and between 10.86% and 17.90% in the leaves. Total solubility varied between 13.03% and 20.64%. Osborne’s protein fractions contents in the seeds were 52.41% - 69.52% (albumin), 4.62% - 7.19% (globulin), 7.95% - 11.40% (glutelin) and 3% - 4% (prolamin). In any case, protein content differed significantly between cowpea genotypes but not between pairs of transgenic/non-transgenic lines. Insecticidal Cry1Ab protein expressed by transgenic lines was only detected in the albumin and globulin fractions. Altogether, these findings enhance our understanding of the effects of genetic modification on cowpea protein content and composition, with potential implications for nutritional and safety assessments.
文摘The Bambara groundnut Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. is a drought-resistant indigenous African grain legume with significant nutritional and agronomic potential. This study aimed to characterize the seed storage proteins of eight Bambara groundnut landraces. Seeds of Bambara groundnut landraces were collected from local markets in Burkina Faso, and total soluble protein as well as protein fractions were extracted. Crude protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method, and soluble proteins were quantified using Bradford dye binding assay. The average crude protein content of the seeds was found to be 18.46%, with variations ranging from 17.69% to 19.17% among the different landraces. Most of the protein content was soluble, constituting approximately 87.04% of the total crude protein. Albumin fraction was the most dominant, representing about 95.42% of the total soluble proteins. The globulin, prolamin and glutelin fractions accounted for 1.82%, 0.13% and 1.17% of the soluble proteins, respectively. The findings provide valuable insights into the protein composition of Bambara groundnut landraces and contribute to our understanding of its nutritional potential, laying the groundwork for further research on crop improvement and sustainable agriculture practices.
文摘Aim: To isolate and transplant germ celis from adult mouse testes for transplantation. Methods: In order to distinguish transplanted celis from endogenous celis of recipients, donor transgenic mice expressing green fluores cent protein (GFP) were used. Germ celis were collected from the donors at 10-12 weeks of age and spermatogonia were concentrated by percoll fractionation and transplanted into recipient seminiferous tubules that had been previ ously treated with busulfan at 5 weeks of age to remove the endogenous spermatogenic celis. Results: Twenty vveeks after the transplantation, a wide spread GFP signal was observed in the recipient seminiferous tubules. The presence of spermatogenesis and spermatozoa was confirmed in sections of 12 out of 14 testes transplanted (86 %). However, when germ celis were transplanted without concentration the success rate was zero (0/9). Conclusion: Germ celis from adult mouse testes can be successfully transplanted into recipient seminiferous tubules if the cell population is rich in spermatogonia and the percoll fractionation is useful in obtaining such a cell population.
