The manufacture and obsolescence of smartphones produce numerous waste plastic accessories(e.g.,waste smartphone protective film(WSPF)),possessing immense potential for recycling.However,available recycling technologi...The manufacture and obsolescence of smartphones produce numerous waste plastic accessories(e.g.,waste smartphone protective film(WSPF)),possessing immense potential for recycling.However,available recycling technologies have limitations such as substrate damage and secondary pollutant generation.The present study aimed to develop a green disposal method that not only recycled polyethylene terephthalate(PET)from WSPF,but also reused the stripped polyacrylate(PAA)adhesive as an adsorbent to reduce solid waste generation.When the WSPF was treated in 1 mol/L NaOH solution at 90°C,the PAA hydrolyzed to two main by-products of 1-butanol and 2-ethylhexanol,weakening the binding strength between PAA and PET and then efficient separation of them.Further bench-scale test revealed that over 97.2%of detachment efficiency toward PAA was achieved during continuous treatment of 17 batches of WSPF(200 g for each)without supplement of NaOH and generation of wastewater.Meanwhile,the economic evaluation indicated that the recycling method would generate a net profit margin of 647%for the second year without considering the incurrence of new cost and input.Additionally,the pyrolysis of waste PAA enabled its conversion into potential adsorbent,which showed 2 to 4 times enhanced adsorption capacity toward styrene and ethyl acetate after modification with NaOH solution.This study provides a green method for recycling waste plastics and inspires a referable solution for solid waste treatment in the smartphone industry.展开更多
Electrochemical techniques, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） were applied to study the corrosion behaviors of X65 steel in static solution with carbon dioxide （CO2） at 65℃. The re...Electrochemical techniques, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） were applied to study the corrosion behaviors of X65 steel in static solution with carbon dioxide （CO2） at 65℃. The results show that iron carbonate （FeCO3） deposits on the steel surface as a corrosion product scale. This iron carbonate scale acts as a barrier to CO2 corrosion, and can reduce the general corrosion rate. The protection ability of the scale is closely related to the scale morphological characteristics.展开更多
The phosphate protective film and micro-galvanic corrosion of biological Mg-3Zn-xNd (x = 0, 0.6, 1.2) alloys were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, quasi-in-situ observation, scanning Kelv...The phosphate protective film and micro-galvanic corrosion of biological Mg-3Zn-xNd (x = 0, 0.6, 1.2) alloys were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, quasi-in-situ observation, scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) and electrochemical tests. The results revealed the Mg-Zn-Nd phases formed in Mg-3Zn alloy contained with Nd. Adding Nd resulted in a significant decline in the cracks of the phosphate protective film and micro-galvanic corrosion of alloys, which were recorded by quasi-in-situ observation. In addition, the Volta potential difference of Mg-Zn-Nd/α-Mg (~ 188 mV) was lower than MgZn/α-Mg (~ 419 mV) and Zn-rich/α-Mg (~ 260 mV), and the corrosion rates of alloys markedly decreased after the addition of 0.6 wt% Nd. The improvement in corrosion resistance of Nd-containing alloys was mainly attributed to the following: (i) the addition of Nd reduced the Volta potential difference (second phases/α-Mg);(ii) the phosphate protective film containing Nd_(2)O_(3) deposited on the surface of the alloys, effectively preventing the penetration of harmful anions.展开更多
An explosive blast mitigation alternative has increased the safety of structures by using " catcher" systems. These systems " catch" or repel the failure of the window or in-fill wall pro-tecting l...An explosive blast mitigation alternative has increased the safety of structures by using " catcher" systems. These systems " catch" or repel the failure of the window or in-fill wall pro-tecting life and property from ballistic shards or fragments. They can be designed to be stand-alone in new construction and structural retrofits or used to augment structural hardening tech-niques. Cables, fabrics, and thin gauge sheet steel are examples of catcher systems used in the past. A new and evolving category of catcher systems are based on polymeric materials that can be used for both wall and window upgrades. These products are a proven blast mitigation concept and K&C Protective Technologies Pte Ltd (KCPT) together with Sherwin-Williams(SW) use KCPT′s blast engineering capacity and SW′s material engineering principles to create engineered systems for even greater in-use performance.展开更多
Ensuring the long-term and stable operation of mechanical equipment has been a research emphasis with the development of aerospace and polar exploration,which necessitates the prepared materials with high mechanical s...Ensuring the long-term and stable operation of mechanical equipment has been a research emphasis with the development of aerospace and polar exploration,which necessitates the prepared materials with high mechanical strength as well as excellent wear resistance[1].The traditional lubricant is widely acknowledged to be susceptible to evaporation or decomposition under extreme conditions,necessitating the deposition of a protective thin film on critical mechanical parts’surfaces to enhance their mechanical and tribological properties[2,3].展开更多
Various ion sources are key components to prepare functional coatings,such as diamond-like carbon(DLC)films.In this article,we present our trying of surface modification on basis of Si-incorporation diamond-like carbo...Various ion sources are key components to prepare functional coatings,such as diamond-like carbon(DLC)films.In this article,we present our trying of surface modification on basis of Si-incorporation diamond-like carbon(Si-DLC)produced by a magnetic field enhanced radio frequency ion source,which is established to get high density plasma with the help of magnetic field.Under proper deposition process,a contact angle of 111°hydrophobic surface was achieved without any surface patterning,where nanostructure SiC grains appeared within the amorphous microstructure.The surface property was influenced by ion flow parameters as well as the resultant surface microstructure.The magnetic field enhanced radio frequency ion source developed in this paper was useful for protective film applications.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-halogen batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their abundant resources,intrinsic safety,and high theoretical capacity.Nevertheless,the uncontrollable zinc dendrite growt...Aqueous zinc-halogen batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their abundant resources,intrinsic safety,and high theoretical capacity.Nevertheless,the uncontrollable zinc dendrite growth and spontaneous shuttle effect of active species have prohibited their practical implementation.Herein,a double-layered protective film based on zinc-ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid(ZEA)artificial film and ZnF2-rich solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer has been successfully fabricated on the zinc metal anode via electrode/electrolyte synergistic optimization.The ZEA-based artificial film shows strong affinity for the ZnF2-rich SEI layer,therefore effectively suppressing the SEI breakage and facilitating the construction of double-layered protective film on the zinc metal anode.Such double-layered architecture not only modulates Zn2+flux and suppresses the zinc dendrite growth,but also blocks the direct contact between the metal anode and electrolyte,thus mitigating the corrosion from the active species.When employing optimized metal anodes and electrolytes,the as-developed zinc-(dual)halogen batteries present high areal capacity and satisfactory cycling stability.This work provides a new avenue for developing aqueous zinc-(dual)halogen batteries.展开更多
A novel core-shell structured Al_(8)Mn_(4)Y-Al_(2)Ca phase and controllable solute-segregation are elaborately designed in dilute Mg-0.6Al-0.5Mn-0.1Ca-0.1Y alloy(wt.%),via incomplete peritectic transformation during t...A novel core-shell structured Al_(8)Mn_(4)Y-Al_(2)Ca phase and controllable solute-segregation are elaborately designed in dilute Mg-0.6Al-0.5Mn-0.1Ca-0.1Y alloy(wt.%),via incomplete peritectic transformation during twin-roll casting.When soaked in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution,Al_(2)Ca shell with a low electrochemical potential prevents direct contact of noble Al_(8)Mn_(4)Y with Mg matrix,mitigating the micro-galvanic corrosion and meanwhile accelerating the formation of uniform corrosion film.Thereafter,solute(Al,Ca)-segregation motivates the formation of heterogeneous multilayered corrosion product films,enhancing corrosion resistance and even achieving self-healing upon long-term corrosion.Notably,the dilute Mg alloy exhibits a corrosion rate as low as 0.22±0.05 mm·y^(−1).展开更多
Intermetallic phases were found to influence the anodic oxidation and corrosion behavior of 5A06 aluminum alloy. Scattered in- termetallic particles were examined by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dis...Intermetallic phases were found to influence the anodic oxidation and corrosion behavior of 5A06 aluminum alloy. Scattered in- termetallic particles were examined by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） after pretreatment. The anodic film was investigated by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and its corrosion resistance was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） and Tafel polarization in NaC1 solution. The results show that the size of A1-Fe-Mg-Mn particles gradually decreases with the iron content. During anodizing, these intermetallic particles are gradually dissolved, leading to the complex porosity in the anodic film beneath the particles. After anodizing, the residual particles are mainly silicon-containing phases, which are embedded in the an- odic film. Electrochemical measurements indicate that the porous anodic film layer is easily penetrated, and the barrier plays a dominant role in the overall protection. Meanwhile, self-healing behavior is observed during the long immersion time.展开更多
The development of promising zinc anodes mainly suffers from their low plating/stripping coulombic efficiencies when using aqueous electrolyte,which are mainly associated with the interfacial formation of irreversible...The development of promising zinc anodes mainly suffers from their low plating/stripping coulombic efficiencies when using aqueous electrolyte,which are mainly associated with the interfacial formation of irreversible by-products.It is urgent to develop technologies that can solve this issue fundamentally.Herein,we report an artificial Sc_(2)O_(3) protective film to construct a new class of interface for Zn anode.The density functional theory simulation and experimental results have proven that the interfacial side reaction was inhibited via a stratified adsorption effect between this artificial layer and Zn anode.Benefiting from this novel structure,the Sc_(2)O_(3)-coated Zn anode can run for more than 100 cycles without short circuit and exhibit low voltage hysteresis,and the coulombic efficiency increases by 1.2%.Importantly,it shows a good application prospect when matched with two of popular manganese-based and vanadium-based cathodes.The excellent electrochemical performance of the Sc_(2)O_(3)-coated Zn anode highlights the importance of rational design of anode materials and demonstrates a good way for developing high-performance Zn anodes with long lifespan and high efficiency.展开更多
Lithium-metal anodes(LMAs)have been recognized as the ultimate anodes for next-generation batteries with high energy density,but stringent assembly-environment conditions derived from the poor moisture stability drama...Lithium-metal anodes(LMAs)have been recognized as the ultimate anodes for next-generation batteries with high energy density,but stringent assembly-environment conditions derived from the poor moisture stability dramatically hinder the transformation of LMAs from laboratory to industry.Herein,an in situ formed cross-linked polymer layer on LMAs is designed and constructed by a facile thiol-acrylate click chemistry reaction between poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate(PEGDA)and the crosslinker containing multi thiol groups under UV irradiation.Owing to the hydrophobic nature of the layer,the treated LMAs demonstrate remarkable humid stability for more than 3 h in ambient air(70%relative humidity).The coating humid-resistant protective layer also possesses a dual-functional characterization as solid polymer electrolytes by introducing lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide in the system in advance.The intimate contact between the polymer layer and LMAs reduces interfacial resistance in the assembled Li/LiFePO_(4)or Li/LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)full cell effectively,and endows the cell with an outstanding cycle performance.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)material MXene is a research hotspot in lubricating materials because of its unique layered structure,which provides weak interlayer interaction and easy shear ability.Herein,the liquid metal nanodr...Two-dimensional(2D)material MXene is a research hotspot in lubricating materials because of its unique layered structure,which provides weak interlayer interaction and easy shear ability.Herein,the liquid metal nanodroplets intercalated MXene were successfully prepared via pulsed laser treatment and self-assembly method.First,zero-dimensional(0D)nano gallium-based liquid metal(GLM)was synthesized by pulsed laser irradiation of bulk Ga_(80)In_(20)in acetone.Then,the GLM nanodroplets were loaded onto 2D MXene nanosheets via the effect of electrostatic adsorption to prepare MXene@GLM composite material.The as-obtained GLM not only widens the interlayer distance between MXene nanosheets,making it more susceptible to interlayer shear,but also enhances its lipophilicity.The friction test results showed that the MXene@GLM has the best lubrication performance with 1.0 wt%additive.The coefficient of friction(COF)of base oil PAO-6 can decrease from 0.79 to 0.097,the wear volume is reduced by 90.3%,and the maximum load sustained reaches 950 N.The good tribological properties are mainly owing to the synergistic lubrication of GLM and MXene,which can form a continuous and firm tribofilm on the friction contact surface and avoid the direct contact of the friction pair.展开更多
Oleic acid surface-modified Cu nanoparticles with an average size of 20 nm were prepared by liquid phase reducing reaction. The tribological performance and mechanism of nanocopper as additive were studied by means of...Oleic acid surface-modified Cu nanoparticles with an average size of 20 nm were prepared by liquid phase reducing reaction. The tribological performance and mechanism of nanocopper as additive were studied by means of tribotester, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and nanoindentation instrument. The results indicate that the modified nanocopper additive can significantly improve the wear resistance and reduce friction coefficient of base oil. A copper protective film is formed and contributes to the excellent tribological properties of nanocopper additive. On the basis of the film forming mechanism, a new in-situ repair method was designed and used to repair wear-out-failure injection pump plunger and barrel. Furthermore, the current research progress of nanoparticles as green energy-saving lubricating oil additives were presented.展开更多
Li-S batteries have shown great potential as secondary energy batteries.However,the side reaction between Li anodes and polysulfides seriously limited their practical application.Herein,the artificial protective film,...Li-S batteries have shown great potential as secondary energy batteries.However,the side reaction between Li anodes and polysulfides seriously limited their practical application.Herein,the artificial protective film,which is consisted of Li-Nafion and TiO_(2),was designed and successfully prepared to achieve a corrosion-resistant Li anode in Li-S battery.In the composite protective film,the Li-Nafion could efficiently prevent the contact between Li anodes and polysulfides,and the incorporation of TiO_(2)nanoparticles into the Nafion could significantly increase the ionic conductivity and mechanical strength of the protective film.Li-Li symmetric cells with an optimal artificial protective film exhibited an extended cycle-life of 750 h at a current density of 1 mA/cm^(2)in Li_(2)S_(8)electrolyte.Moreover,the Li-S full battery with an optimal protective Li anode exhibited higher capacity retention of 777.4 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.1 C as well as better rate performance than the cell with a pure Li anode.This work provides alternative insights to suppress the side reaction for Li-S batteries with high capacity retention.展开更多
Supercritical water reactor(SCWR)was proposed as a GenerationⅣconcept for building large capacity nuclear power plants.Comparing with the present GenerationⅡandⅢlight water reactors,SCWR possesses great advantages ...Supercritical water reactor(SCWR)was proposed as a GenerationⅣconcept for building large capacity nuclear power plants.Comparing with the present GenerationⅡandⅢlight water reactors,SCWR possesses great advantages of 10%higher efficiency,simpler system design,better sustainability,and so on.However,the selection of materials for fuel cladding and reactor internals of SCWR is facing a great challenge.Corrosion in supercritical steam is of the first important issue to be solved to meet the stringent requirement of the reactor internal components.Corrosion screening tests were conducted on candidate materials for nuclear fuel cladding and reactor internals of supercritical water reactor(SCWR)in static and re-circulating autoclave at the temperatures of 550,600 and 650℃,pressure of about 25 MPa,deaerated or saturated dissolved hydrogen(STP).Nickel base alloy type Hastelloy C276,austenitic stainless steels type 304NG,AL-6XN,HR3C.NF709 and SAVE 25,ferritic/martensitic(F/M)steel type P92,P122 and 410,and oxide dispersion strengthened steel MA 956,are tested.This paper presents corrosion rate,and focuses on the formation and breakdown of corrosion oxide film,and proposes the future trend for the development of SCWR internal structure materials.展开更多
objective:The effects of different chitosan on preventing traumatic peritoneal adhesion in rats was studied in this paper. METHODS: 96 SD rats with injured vermiform process were randomly divided into 4 groups as foll...objective:The effects of different chitosan on preventing traumatic peritoneal adhesion in rats was studied in this paper. METHODS: 96 SD rats with injured vermiform process were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: group A without any treatment as control, group B treated with chitosan gel, group C treated with pure chitosan film and group D treated with chiston film containing 50% gelatin. 2 and 4 weeks after surgery, 12 rats in each group were respectively belly opened to observe chitosan degradation and evaluate peritoneal adhesion, and the adhesive vermiform processes tissues were histopathologically observed. RESULTS: 1.Degradation in the group D was faster than that in the group C but slower than that in the group B. 2. 2 weeks after surgery the adhesion in the group B was milder than that in the control group(goup A) (P<0.05), but that in the group C and D (both P<0.05) were more severe than that in the control group . 3. 4 weeks after surgery , the adhesion in the group B was milder than that in the control group (P<0.05), but that in the group C and D (both P<0.05) were more severe than that in the control group , whereas, there was no significant difference between adhesion in the group C and group D (P>0.05). 4.Histopathological examinaiton indicated that: 2 weeks after surgery ,inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroplastic proliferation dominated in local lesion and the response was most severe on the serous coat, furthermore, the response in the control group was more severe than that in the group B, but milder than that in the group C and D; 4 weeks after surgery, fibroplastic proliferation dominated in local lesion in each group , moreover, the response in the control group was more severe than that in the group B but milder than that in the group C and D. What’s more, integrated fibrous membrane formed around implanted materials in the group C and D, and the fibrous membranes were thinner in the group C than that in the group D. CONCLUSION: 1.Chitosan gel has perfect effect in protecting traumatic peritoneal adhesion in rats. 2.Pure chitosan film could exacerbate peritoneal adhesion and chitosan containing gelatin could exacerbate peritoneal adhesion further.展开更多
We prepared a graphene/ionic liquid(G/IL)composite material by the hybridization of G and an IL for use as a lubricating oil additive.The friction coefficient and wear volume of a base oil containing 0.04 wt%of the G/...We prepared a graphene/ionic liquid(G/IL)composite material by the hybridization of G and an IL for use as a lubricating oil additive.The friction coefficient and wear volume of a base oil containing 0.04 wt%of the G/IL composite was reduced by 45%and 90%,respectively.Furthermore,the base oil containing the G/IL composite exhibited better lubricating properties than the base oil containing G,IL,or a mixture of IL and G at the same mass fraction.A synergistic lubrication mechanism was also revealed.The G/IL composite was adsorbed and deposited on the wear surface,forming a more ordered protective film and a unique tribochemical reaction film during rubbing.Therefore,the G/IL composite exhibited the synergistic lubricating effects of G and IL,which significantly improved the lubricating performance of the base oil.This study also suggested a way to limit the out-of-plane puckering of G at the macroscale.展开更多
Herein,we have prepared SiO_(2)particles uploaded MXene nanosheets via in-situ hydrolysis of tetraetholothosilicate.Due to the large number of groups at the edges of MXene,SiO_(2)grows at the edges first,forming MXene...Herein,we have prepared SiO_(2)particles uploaded MXene nanosheets via in-situ hydrolysis of tetraetholothosilicate.Due to the large number of groups at the edges of MXene,SiO_(2)grows at the edges first,forming MXene@SiO_(2)composites with a unique core-rim structure.The tribological properties of MXene@SiO_(2)as lubricating additive in 500 SN are evaluated by SRV-5.The results show that MXene@SiO_(2)can reduce the friction coefficient of 500 SN from 0.572 to 0.108,the wear volume is reduced by 73.7%,and the load capacity is increased to 800 N.The superior lubricity of MXene@SiO_(2)is attributed to the synergistic effect of MXene and SiO_(2).The rolling friction caused by SiO_(2)not only improves the bearing capacity but also increases the interlayer distance of MXene,avoiding accumulation and making it more prone to interlayer slip.MXene@SiO_(2)is adsorbed on the friction interface to form a physical adsorption film and isolate the friction pair.In addition,the high temperature and high load induce the tribochemical reaction and form a chemical protection film during in the friction process.Ultimately,the presence of these protective films results in MXene@SiO_(2)having good lubricating properties.展开更多
The corrosion behavior of as-cast fully amorphous,structural relaxed amorphous and crystallized Fe65.5Cr4Mo4Ga4P12C5B5.5 bulk metallic glasses(BMGs)in NaCl,HCl and NaOH solutions was investigated by electrochemical po...The corrosion behavior of as-cast fully amorphous,structural relaxed amorphous and crystallized Fe65.5Cr4Mo4Ga4P12C5B5.5 bulk metallic glasses(BMGs)in NaCl,HCl and NaOH solutions was investigated by electrochemical polarization and immersion methods.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements was used to analyze the changes of the elements on the alloy surface before and after immersion in various solutions.The corrosion resistance of the Fe65.5Cr4Mo4Ga4P12C5B5.5 BMG was better than its structural relaxation/crystallization counterparts and common alloys(such as stainless steel,carbonized steel,and steel)in the selected aqueous solutions.The high corrosion resistance of this alloy in corrosive solutions leads to the formation of Fe-,Cr-and Mo-enriched protective thin surface films.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42177354)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Scheme(No.2024A04J6358)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFC0214402).
文摘The manufacture and obsolescence of smartphones produce numerous waste plastic accessories(e.g.,waste smartphone protective film(WSPF)),possessing immense potential for recycling.However,available recycling technologies have limitations such as substrate damage and secondary pollutant generation.The present study aimed to develop a green disposal method that not only recycled polyethylene terephthalate(PET)from WSPF,but also reused the stripped polyacrylate(PAA)adhesive as an adsorbent to reduce solid waste generation.When the WSPF was treated in 1 mol/L NaOH solution at 90°C,the PAA hydrolyzed to two main by-products of 1-butanol and 2-ethylhexanol,weakening the binding strength between PAA and PET and then efficient separation of them.Further bench-scale test revealed that over 97.2%of detachment efficiency toward PAA was achieved during continuous treatment of 17 batches of WSPF(200 g for each)without supplement of NaOH and generation of wastewater.Meanwhile,the economic evaluation indicated that the recycling method would generate a net profit margin of 647%for the second year without considering the incurrence of new cost and input.Additionally,the pyrolysis of waste PAA enabled its conversion into potential adsorbent,which showed 2 to 4 times enhanced adsorption capacity toward styrene and ethyl acetate after modification with NaOH solution.This study provides a green method for recycling waste plastics and inspires a referable solution for solid waste treatment in the smartphone industry.
文摘Electrochemical techniques, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） were applied to study the corrosion behaviors of X65 steel in static solution with carbon dioxide （CO2） at 65℃. The results show that iron carbonate （FeCO3） deposits on the steel surface as a corrosion product scale. This iron carbonate scale acts as a barrier to CO2 corrosion, and can reduce the general corrosion rate. The protection ability of the scale is closely related to the scale morphological characteristics.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51961026).
文摘The phosphate protective film and micro-galvanic corrosion of biological Mg-3Zn-xNd (x = 0, 0.6, 1.2) alloys were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, quasi-in-situ observation, scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) and electrochemical tests. The results revealed the Mg-Zn-Nd phases formed in Mg-3Zn alloy contained with Nd. Adding Nd resulted in a significant decline in the cracks of the phosphate protective film and micro-galvanic corrosion of alloys, which were recorded by quasi-in-situ observation. In addition, the Volta potential difference of Mg-Zn-Nd/α-Mg (~ 188 mV) was lower than MgZn/α-Mg (~ 419 mV) and Zn-rich/α-Mg (~ 260 mV), and the corrosion rates of alloys markedly decreased after the addition of 0.6 wt% Nd. The improvement in corrosion resistance of Nd-containing alloys was mainly attributed to the following: (i) the addition of Nd reduced the Volta potential difference (second phases/α-Mg);(ii) the phosphate protective film containing Nd_(2)O_(3) deposited on the surface of the alloys, effectively preventing the penetration of harmful anions.
文摘An explosive blast mitigation alternative has increased the safety of structures by using " catcher" systems. These systems " catch" or repel the failure of the window or in-fill wall pro-tecting life and property from ballistic shards or fragments. They can be designed to be stand-alone in new construction and structural retrofits or used to augment structural hardening tech-niques. Cables, fabrics, and thin gauge sheet steel are examples of catcher systems used in the past. A new and evolving category of catcher systems are based on polymeric materials that can be used for both wall and window upgrades. These products are a proven blast mitigation concept and K&C Protective Technologies Pte Ltd (KCPT) together with Sherwin-Williams(SW) use KCPT′s blast engineering capacity and SW′s material engineering principles to create engineered systems for even greater in-use performance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52175188)the Key Research and De-velopment Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2023-YBGY-434)+2 种基金the Open Fund of Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Aero-engine Materials Tribology(No.LKLAMTF202301)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515012378)the Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Tech-nology Laboratory and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Ensuring the long-term and stable operation of mechanical equipment has been a research emphasis with the development of aerospace and polar exploration,which necessitates the prepared materials with high mechanical strength as well as excellent wear resistance[1].The traditional lubricant is widely acknowledged to be susceptible to evaporation or decomposition under extreme conditions,necessitating the deposition of a protective thin film on critical mechanical parts’surfaces to enhance their mechanical and tribological properties[2,3].
文摘Various ion sources are key components to prepare functional coatings,such as diamond-like carbon(DLC)films.In this article,we present our trying of surface modification on basis of Si-incorporation diamond-like carbon(Si-DLC)produced by a magnetic field enhanced radio frequency ion source,which is established to get high density plasma with the help of magnetic field.Under proper deposition process,a contact angle of 111°hydrophobic surface was achieved without any surface patterning,where nanostructure SiC grains appeared within the amorphous microstructure.The surface property was influenced by ion flow parameters as well as the resultant surface microstructure.The magnetic field enhanced radio frequency ion source developed in this paper was useful for protective film applications.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209089,22178187)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022QB048,ZR2021MB006)+2 种基金Excellent Youth Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Overseas)(2023HWYQ-089)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn201909091)Open Research Fund of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Normal University.
文摘Aqueous zinc-halogen batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their abundant resources,intrinsic safety,and high theoretical capacity.Nevertheless,the uncontrollable zinc dendrite growth and spontaneous shuttle effect of active species have prohibited their practical implementation.Herein,a double-layered protective film based on zinc-ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid(ZEA)artificial film and ZnF2-rich solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer has been successfully fabricated on the zinc metal anode via electrode/electrolyte synergistic optimization.The ZEA-based artificial film shows strong affinity for the ZnF2-rich SEI layer,therefore effectively suppressing the SEI breakage and facilitating the construction of double-layered protective film on the zinc metal anode.Such double-layered architecture not only modulates Zn2+flux and suppresses the zinc dendrite growth,but also blocks the direct contact between the metal anode and electrolyte,thus mitigating the corrosion from the active species.When employing optimized metal anodes and electrolytes,the as-developed zinc-(dual)halogen batteries present high areal capacity and satisfactory cycling stability.This work provides a new avenue for developing aqueous zinc-(dual)halogen batteries.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.52234009 and 52274383Partial financial support came from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,JLU,Program for JLU Science and Technology Innovative Research Team(JLUSTIRT,2017TD-09)Program for the Central University Youth Innovation Team.
文摘A novel core-shell structured Al_(8)Mn_(4)Y-Al_(2)Ca phase and controllable solute-segregation are elaborately designed in dilute Mg-0.6Al-0.5Mn-0.1Ca-0.1Y alloy(wt.%),via incomplete peritectic transformation during twin-roll casting.When soaked in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution,Al_(2)Ca shell with a low electrochemical potential prevents direct contact of noble Al_(8)Mn_(4)Y with Mg matrix,mitigating the micro-galvanic corrosion and meanwhile accelerating the formation of uniform corrosion film.Thereafter,solute(Al,Ca)-segregation motivates the formation of heterogeneous multilayered corrosion product films,enhancing corrosion resistance and even achieving self-healing upon long-term corrosion.Notably,the dilute Mg alloy exhibits a corrosion rate as low as 0.22±0.05 mm·y^(−1).
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51271012)
文摘Intermetallic phases were found to influence the anodic oxidation and corrosion behavior of 5A06 aluminum alloy. Scattered in- termetallic particles were examined by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） after pretreatment. The anodic film was investigated by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and its corrosion resistance was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） and Tafel polarization in NaC1 solution. The results show that the size of A1-Fe-Mg-Mn particles gradually decreases with the iron content. During anodizing, these intermetallic particles are gradually dissolved, leading to the complex porosity in the anodic film beneath the particles. After anodizing, the residual particles are mainly silicon-containing phases, which are embedded in the an- odic film. Electrochemical measurements indicate that the porous anodic film layer is easily penetrated, and the barrier plays a dominant role in the overall protection. Meanwhile, self-healing behavior is observed during the long immersion time.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.51932011)。
文摘The development of promising zinc anodes mainly suffers from their low plating/stripping coulombic efficiencies when using aqueous electrolyte,which are mainly associated with the interfacial formation of irreversible by-products.It is urgent to develop technologies that can solve this issue fundamentally.Herein,we report an artificial Sc_(2)O_(3) protective film to construct a new class of interface for Zn anode.The density functional theory simulation and experimental results have proven that the interfacial side reaction was inhibited via a stratified adsorption effect between this artificial layer and Zn anode.Benefiting from this novel structure,the Sc_(2)O_(3)-coated Zn anode can run for more than 100 cycles without short circuit and exhibit low voltage hysteresis,and the coulombic efficiency increases by 1.2%.Importantly,it shows a good application prospect when matched with two of popular manganese-based and vanadium-based cathodes.The excellent electrochemical performance of the Sc_(2)O_(3)-coated Zn anode highlights the importance of rational design of anode materials and demonstrates a good way for developing high-performance Zn anodes with long lifespan and high efficiency.
基金the Science and Technology Department of Henan Province of China(Grant No.222102240060 and 222300420541)the Education Department of Henan Province of China(Grant No.22B430023)supported by the Program for Innovative Research Team(in Science and Technology)in University of Henan Province(Grant No.23IRTSTHN009)。
文摘Lithium-metal anodes(LMAs)have been recognized as the ultimate anodes for next-generation batteries with high energy density,but stringent assembly-environment conditions derived from the poor moisture stability dramatically hinder the transformation of LMAs from laboratory to industry.Herein,an in situ formed cross-linked polymer layer on LMAs is designed and constructed by a facile thiol-acrylate click chemistry reaction between poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate(PEGDA)and the crosslinker containing multi thiol groups under UV irradiation.Owing to the hydrophobic nature of the layer,the treated LMAs demonstrate remarkable humid stability for more than 3 h in ambient air(70%relative humidity).The coating humid-resistant protective layer also possesses a dual-functional characterization as solid polymer electrolytes by introducing lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide in the system in advance.The intimate contact between the polymer layer and LMAs reduces interfacial resistance in the assembled Li/LiFePO_(4)or Li/LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)full cell effectively,and endows the cell with an outstanding cycle performance.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(No.U21A2046)the Western Light Project of CAS(No.xbzg-zdsys-202118)the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NPU),China(No.2023-TS-03).
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)material MXene is a research hotspot in lubricating materials because of its unique layered structure,which provides weak interlayer interaction and easy shear ability.Herein,the liquid metal nanodroplets intercalated MXene were successfully prepared via pulsed laser treatment and self-assembly method.First,zero-dimensional(0D)nano gallium-based liquid metal(GLM)was synthesized by pulsed laser irradiation of bulk Ga_(80)In_(20)in acetone.Then,the GLM nanodroplets were loaded onto 2D MXene nanosheets via the effect of electrostatic adsorption to prepare MXene@GLM composite material.The as-obtained GLM not only widens the interlayer distance between MXene nanosheets,making it more susceptible to interlayer shear,but also enhances its lipophilicity.The friction test results showed that the MXene@GLM has the best lubrication performance with 1.0 wt%additive.The coefficient of friction(COF)of base oil PAO-6 can decrease from 0.79 to 0.097,the wear volume is reduced by 90.3%,and the maximum load sustained reaches 950 N.The good tribological properties are mainly owing to the synergistic lubrication of GLM and MXene,which can form a continuous and firm tribofilm on the friction contact surface and avoid the direct contact of the friction pair.
文摘Oleic acid surface-modified Cu nanoparticles with an average size of 20 nm were prepared by liquid phase reducing reaction. The tribological performance and mechanism of nanocopper as additive were studied by means of tribotester, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and nanoindentation instrument. The results indicate that the modified nanocopper additive can significantly improve the wear resistance and reduce friction coefficient of base oil. A copper protective film is formed and contributes to the excellent tribological properties of nanocopper additive. On the basis of the film forming mechanism, a new in-situ repair method was designed and used to repair wear-out-failure injection pump plunger and barrel. Furthermore, the current research progress of nanoparticles as green energy-saving lubricating oil additives were presented.
基金partially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51772069 and 52072099)。
文摘Li-S batteries have shown great potential as secondary energy batteries.However,the side reaction between Li anodes and polysulfides seriously limited their practical application.Herein,the artificial protective film,which is consisted of Li-Nafion and TiO_(2),was designed and successfully prepared to achieve a corrosion-resistant Li anode in Li-S battery.In the composite protective film,the Li-Nafion could efficiently prevent the contact between Li anodes and polysulfides,and the incorporation of TiO_(2)nanoparticles into the Nafion could significantly increase the ionic conductivity and mechanical strength of the protective film.Li-Li symmetric cells with an optimal artificial protective film exhibited an extended cycle-life of 750 h at a current density of 1 mA/cm^(2)in Li_(2)S_(8)electrolyte.Moreover,the Li-S full battery with an optimal protective Li anode exhibited higher capacity retention of 777.4 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.1 C as well as better rate performance than the cell with a pure Li anode.This work provides alternative insights to suppress the side reaction for Li-S batteries with high capacity retention.
文摘Supercritical water reactor(SCWR)was proposed as a GenerationⅣconcept for building large capacity nuclear power plants.Comparing with the present GenerationⅡandⅢlight water reactors,SCWR possesses great advantages of 10%higher efficiency,simpler system design,better sustainability,and so on.However,the selection of materials for fuel cladding and reactor internals of SCWR is facing a great challenge.Corrosion in supercritical steam is of the first important issue to be solved to meet the stringent requirement of the reactor internal components.Corrosion screening tests were conducted on candidate materials for nuclear fuel cladding and reactor internals of supercritical water reactor(SCWR)in static and re-circulating autoclave at the temperatures of 550,600 and 650℃,pressure of about 25 MPa,deaerated or saturated dissolved hydrogen(STP).Nickel base alloy type Hastelloy C276,austenitic stainless steels type 304NG,AL-6XN,HR3C.NF709 and SAVE 25,ferritic/martensitic(F/M)steel type P92,P122 and 410,and oxide dispersion strengthened steel MA 956,are tested.This paper presents corrosion rate,and focuses on the formation and breakdown of corrosion oxide film,and proposes the future trend for the development of SCWR internal structure materials.
文摘objective:The effects of different chitosan on preventing traumatic peritoneal adhesion in rats was studied in this paper. METHODS: 96 SD rats with injured vermiform process were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: group A without any treatment as control, group B treated with chitosan gel, group C treated with pure chitosan film and group D treated with chiston film containing 50% gelatin. 2 and 4 weeks after surgery, 12 rats in each group were respectively belly opened to observe chitosan degradation and evaluate peritoneal adhesion, and the adhesive vermiform processes tissues were histopathologically observed. RESULTS: 1.Degradation in the group D was faster than that in the group C but slower than that in the group B. 2. 2 weeks after surgery the adhesion in the group B was milder than that in the control group(goup A) (P<0.05), but that in the group C and D (both P<0.05) were more severe than that in the control group . 3. 4 weeks after surgery , the adhesion in the group B was milder than that in the control group (P<0.05), but that in the group C and D (both P<0.05) were more severe than that in the control group , whereas, there was no significant difference between adhesion in the group C and group D (P>0.05). 4.Histopathological examinaiton indicated that: 2 weeks after surgery ,inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroplastic proliferation dominated in local lesion and the response was most severe on the serous coat, furthermore, the response in the control group was more severe than that in the group B, but milder than that in the group C and D; 4 weeks after surgery, fibroplastic proliferation dominated in local lesion in each group , moreover, the response in the control group was more severe than that in the group B but milder than that in the group C and D. What’s more, integrated fibrous membrane formed around implanted materials in the group C and D, and the fibrous membranes were thinner in the group C than that in the group D. CONCLUSION: 1.Chitosan gel has perfect effect in protecting traumatic peritoneal adhesion in rats. 2.Pure chitosan film could exacerbate peritoneal adhesion and chitosan containing gelatin could exacerbate peritoneal adhesion further.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12062002)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2018GXNSFAA138174)the Science and Technology Development Plan of Liuzhou(No.2018CB10508).
文摘We prepared a graphene/ionic liquid(G/IL)composite material by the hybridization of G and an IL for use as a lubricating oil additive.The friction coefficient and wear volume of a base oil containing 0.04 wt%of the G/IL composite was reduced by 45%and 90%,respectively.Furthermore,the base oil containing the G/IL composite exhibited better lubricating properties than the base oil containing G,IL,or a mixture of IL and G at the same mass fraction.A synergistic lubrication mechanism was also revealed.The G/IL composite was adsorbed and deposited on the wear surface,forming a more ordered protective film and a unique tribochemical reaction film during rubbing.Therefore,the G/IL composite exhibited the synergistic lubricating effects of G and IL,which significantly improved the lubricating performance of the base oil.This study also suggested a way to limit the out-of-plane puckering of G at the macroscale.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972272,U21A2046)the Western Light Project of CAS(xbzg-zdsys-202118)the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NPU),China(2023-TS-03).
文摘Herein,we have prepared SiO_(2)particles uploaded MXene nanosheets via in-situ hydrolysis of tetraetholothosilicate.Due to the large number of groups at the edges of MXene,SiO_(2)grows at the edges first,forming MXene@SiO_(2)composites with a unique core-rim structure.The tribological properties of MXene@SiO_(2)as lubricating additive in 500 SN are evaluated by SRV-5.The results show that MXene@SiO_(2)can reduce the friction coefficient of 500 SN from 0.572 to 0.108,the wear volume is reduced by 73.7%,and the load capacity is increased to 800 N.The superior lubricity of MXene@SiO_(2)is attributed to the synergistic effect of MXene and SiO_(2).The rolling friction caused by SiO_(2)not only improves the bearing capacity but also increases the interlayer distance of MXene,avoiding accumulation and making it more prone to interlayer slip.MXene@SiO_(2)is adsorbed on the friction interface to form a physical adsorption film and isolate the friction pair.In addition,the high temperature and high load induce the tribochemical reaction and form a chemical protection film during in the friction process.Ultimately,the presence of these protective films results in MXene@SiO_(2)having good lubricating properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.50731005 and 50821001)SKPBRC(Grant Nos.2010CB731604 and 2006CB605201)PCSIRT(Grant No.IRT0650)
文摘The corrosion behavior of as-cast fully amorphous,structural relaxed amorphous and crystallized Fe65.5Cr4Mo4Ga4P12C5B5.5 bulk metallic glasses(BMGs)in NaCl,HCl and NaOH solutions was investigated by electrochemical polarization and immersion methods.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements was used to analyze the changes of the elements on the alloy surface before and after immersion in various solutions.The corrosion resistance of the Fe65.5Cr4Mo4Ga4P12C5B5.5 BMG was better than its structural relaxation/crystallization counterparts and common alloys(such as stainless steel,carbonized steel,and steel)in the selected aqueous solutions.The high corrosion resistance of this alloy in corrosive solutions leads to the formation of Fe-,Cr-and Mo-enriched protective thin surface films.
