In an era marked by rising protectionism and geopolitical tensions,the world faces a stark choice:embrace multilateral cooperation or succumb to unilateral hegemony.The United States’punitive tariff policies have exp...In an era marked by rising protectionism and geopolitical tensions,the world faces a stark choice:embrace multilateral cooperation or succumb to unilateral hegemony.The United States’punitive tariff policies have exposed the negative effect of economic coercion and isolation.Meanwhile,China’s commitment to openness,innovation,and shared prosperity offers a contrast,a testament to the enduring vitality of multilateralism and global integration.展开更多
Europe’s shift toward selective protectionism,particularly targeting China,undermines its commitment to free trade,threatens its industrial competitiveness,and ultimately jeopardizes European prosperity.
There is a deep historical foundation of economic protectionism in Europe, which runs through its capitalist development and regional integration process. Over the past two years, the EU's economic protectionism h...There is a deep historical foundation of economic protectionism in Europe, which runs through its capitalist development and regional integration process. Over the past two years, the EU's economic protectionism has risen again. Both its official statements and policies show some new trends and characteristics. The basic cause of these latest trends is the relative decline in the overall strength of the EU, especially in regard to the ongoing impact of the financial and debt crisis on its economic, political and social fields. In general, the EU is likely to become more radical in its foreign economic relations, but its protectionism will not solve the fundamental problems it faces. China and Europe still need to further strengthen risk control and management in their economic and trade relations.展开更多
During its rise as a world power, the United States(U.S.) adopted a traditional form of mercantilism, and most US politicians followed a protectionist approach. From the end of the Civil War to the eve of World War I,...During its rise as a world power, the United States(U.S.) adopted a traditional form of mercantilism, and most US politicians followed a protectionist approach. From the end of the Civil War to the eve of World War I, the United States blazed a new trail of industrial development and implemented protective policies such as high tariffs. This historical tradition has had a profound influence on some current US politicians. After the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, the United States developed a new form of mercantilism, as manifested in the emergence of nontariff barriers instead of tariff barriers to restrict imports and protect domestic industries and employment. Although export regulations have avoided affecting the technology industry, they have led to hefty trade deficits for the United States. National interests have prevailed in U.S. decision-making and have influenced its choices to accede to or walk away from international organizations or treaties. The dollar's hegemony has played a pivotal role in U.S. economic policymaking. These factors have led to the twin deficits in the U.S. economy, i.e. a trade deficit and a fiscal deficit. The real intention of the United States in waging a trade war against China is to maintain and even strengthen the dollar's hegemony and the U.S.' international predominance.展开更多
"Samuelson's Concern" and "Kindleberger Trap" are cited as justifications for trade protectionism under the Trump administration. After reviewing Samuelson's and Kindleberger's trade th..."Samuelson's Concern" and "Kindleberger Trap" are cited as justifications for trade protectionism under the Trump administration. After reviewing Samuelson's and Kindleberger's trade theories, this paper finds that both Samuelson and Kindleberger are actually proponents of free trade, and that their common concern is falling US competitiveness due to its economic model, domestic institutional rules, and unilateralism. Both the "Samuelson's Concern" and "Kindleberger Trap" are distortions of Samuelson's and Kindleberger's original theories and the arguments' defense of protectionism cannot overcome the challenges confronting the U.S. and will destabilize international economic order.展开更多
Both COFCO and SINOCHEM participate in trading business with Australian enterprises,such as the import of barley,wheat,diary and meat products,or chemical products and coal.Free trade has always been the foundation of...Both COFCO and SINOCHEM participate in trading business with Australian enterprises,such as the import of barley,wheat,diary and meat products,or chemical products and coal.Free trade has always been the foundation of Sino-Australia relations.In the B20 trade and investment working group discussion,I want to emphasize the展开更多
With the textile export to EU growing at a pace faster than anticipated, the joint efforts to slow down Chinese shipment to this market in a predetermined arrangement known as "bilateral check" seem to be ab...With the textile export to EU growing at a pace faster than anticipated, the joint efforts to slow down Chinese shipment to this market in a predetermined arrangement known as "bilateral check" seem to be abortive, more and more producers there seem to grow out of their patience with EU’s past deal with China. A new wave of trade protectionism is coming on the surge…展开更多
Shipbuilding is among the latest industries scheduled for protectionist measures in the U.S.,with the Office of the U.S.Trade Representative(USTR)holding hearings from March 24 to 26 to discuss newly proposed actions ...Shipbuilding is among the latest industries scheduled for protectionist measures in the U.S.,with the Office of the U.S.Trade Representative(USTR)holding hearings from March 24 to 26 to discuss newly proposed actions targeting China.The proposed actions include the imposition of substantial port fees on Chinese vessel operators,non-Chinese operators of China-built vessels,and operators who have placed orders for China-built vessels.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking rec...BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking recovery.OBJECTIVE:To determine whether early suspension-protected training with a personal assistant machine for stroke patients enhances walking ability and prevents muscle spasms.METHODS:Thirty-two early-stage stroke patients from Shenzhen University General Hospital and the China Rehabilitation Research Center were randomly assigned to the experimental group(n=16)and the control group(n=16).Both groups underwent 4 weeks of gait training under the suspension protection system for 30 minutes daily,5 days a week.The experimental group used the personal assistant machine during training.Three-dimensional gait analysis(using the Cortex motion capture system),Brunnstrom staging,Fugl-Meyer Assessment for lower limb motor function,Fugl-Meyer balance function,and the modified Ashworth Scale were evaluated within 1 week before the intervention and after 4 weeks of intervention.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After the 4-week intervention,all outcome measures showed significant changes in each group.The experimental group had a small but significant increase in the modified Ashworth Scale score(P<0.05,d=|0.15|),while the control group had a large significant increase(P<0.05,d=|1.48|).The experimental group demonstrated greater improvements in walking speed(16.5 to 38.44 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|4.01|),step frequency(46.44 to 64.94 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|2.32|),stride length(15.50 to 29.81 cm,P<0.05,d=|3.44|),and peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.82|to|2.17|).After treatment,the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in walking speed(38.44 vs.26.63 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|2.75|),stride length,peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.31|to|1.45|),step frequency(64.94 vs.59.38 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|0.85|),and a reduced support phase(bilateral:24.31%vs.28.38%,P<0.05,d=|0.88|;non-paretic:66.19%vs.70.13%,P<0.05,d=|0.94|).For early hemiplegia,personal assistant machine-assisted gait training under the suspension protection system helps establish a correct gait pattern,prevents muscle spasms,and improves motor function.展开更多
BACKGROUND Long-term antipsychotic therapy in psychiatric patients carries significant cardiovascular risks,including QT interval prolongation,myocardial injury,and functional impairment.Guanxinning,a traditional Chin...BACKGROUND Long-term antipsychotic therapy in psychiatric patients carries significant cardiovascular risks,including QT interval prolongation,myocardial injury,and functional impairment.Guanxinning,a traditional Chinese medicine formulation,has demonstrated cardioprotective potential in preclinical studies,but clinical evidence in this population remains limited.AIM To evaluate the cardioprotective effects of Guanxinning against antipsychotic-induced cardiac injury in long-term hospitalized psychiatric patients.METHODS A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 120 psychiatric inpatients receiving chronic antipsychotic therapy.Participants were allocated to:Intervention group:Conventional antipsychotics+Guanxinning tablets(0.38 g×4 tablets,ter in die);Control group:Conventional antipsychotics+identical placebo;Cardiac assessments at baseline and 12 months included:Electrocardiography(corrected QT interval),echocardiography(left ventricular ejection fraction,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter),serum biomarkers(cardiac troponin I,B-type natriuretic peptide,superoxide dismutase,malondialdehyde,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein).RESULTS Compared to controls,the Guanxinning group showed:Electrophysiological improvement:Corrected QT shortening(438±25 milliseconds vs 465±30 milliseconds,P<0.01).Functional enhancement:Left ventricular ejection fraction increase(58.5%±5.2%vs 53.8%±4.8%,P<0.05),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter reduction(49.8±3.5 mm vs 52.6±3.8 mm,P<0.05),Biochemical modulation:Reduced myocardial injury markers(cardiac troponin I:0.009 ng/mL vs 0.014 ng/mL;B-type natriuretic peptide:52 pg/mL vs 78 pg/mL,P<0.001),improved oxidative stress(superoxide dismutase:↑13.3 U/mL;malondialdehyde:↓0.9 nmol/mL,P<0.001),attenuated inflammation(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein:2.0 mg/L vs 3.2 mg/L,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Guanxinning significantly mitigates antipsychotic-induced cardiac injury in psychiatric patients,demonstrating:Normalization of electrophysiological parameters,Preservation of systolic/diastolic function,suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation.These findings support its clinical application as an adjunctive cardioprotective therapy,potentially through inhibition of myocardial apoptosis and antioxidant upregulation.展开更多
China files a complaint with the WTO for the first timeagainst the EU’s anti-dumping measures Recently,a trade row between the European Union(EU) and China-the world’s first and third biggesteconomies,respectively-h...China files a complaint with the WTO for the first timeagainst the EU’s anti-dumping measures Recently,a trade row between the European Union(EU) and China-the world’s first and third biggesteconomies,respectively-hascaused concerns.展开更多
In the middle of October, acting on a complaint from the United Steelworkers union, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative initiated a Section 301 investigation into
The United States’ investigation into imported Chinese seamless steel pipes intensifies trade frictions while damaging American consumer interests The spike in occurrences and rising intensity of trade protectionism ...The United States’ investigation into imported Chinese seamless steel pipes intensifies trade frictions while damaging American consumer interests The spike in occurrences and rising intensity of trade protectionism has become a growing concern for China’s industry.The U.S. Commerce Department announced its intention展开更多
The large and persistent U.S.trade deficit with China,which reached$233 billion in 2006,is causing increased tension in China-U.S.relations.A new coalition has arisen between hawks on Capitol Hill,who see China as a s...The large and persistent U.S.trade deficit with China,which reached$233 billion in 2006,is causing increased tension in China-U.S.relations.A new coalition has arisen between hawks on Capitol Hill,who see China as a security threat,and protectionists,who blame China for"stealing"American jobs through"unfair trade practices."James A.Dorn,China specialist and Vice President for academic affairs at the Cato Institute in Washington,D.C., however,warns,imposing trade sanctions on China would not eliminate the U.S.bilateral trade deficit-but would endanger the global liberal trading order.Correcting trade imbalances requires flexibility,not rigidity,he says.展开更多
Opinions in Washington on the revaluation of China’s currenc yare becom-ing more contentious. The U.S . Senate Finance Committee and the Senate Banking Committee have approved bills aimed at pres suring Beijing torev...Opinions in Washington on the revaluation of China’s currenc yare becom-ing more contentious. The U.S . Senate Finance Committee and the Senate Banking Committee have approved bills aimed at pres suring Beijing torevalue the yuan despite the Bush administration ’s war ning against suchbills. However , 1,028 noted U.S . economists recently voiced their dissent in apetition. Beijing Review talked to James Anderson , Prof essor of Economicsat Boston College, and Ar nold Kling, an independent economist from Maryl and , both of whom signed the petition.展开更多
Because of its constant supplies of cheap consumer products to people around the world during the past 30 years, China has become known as the "world’s factory."
AFFECT The global auto market is fighting against the financial crisis,making the competition tougher.Major auto businesses in the world are suffering a toughest time since World WarⅡ.American Big Three is awaiting t...AFFECT The global auto market is fighting against the financial crisis,making the competition tougher.Major auto businesses in the world are suffering a toughest time since World WarⅡ.American Big Three is awaiting the warm hands from their government.Major Japan-based car makers,in-展开更多
As the 20th G20 Leaders’Summit approaches,global attention is turning to South Africa,the current presidency,with the expectation that it will deliver e!ective outcomes to stimulate development in a world increasingl...As the 20th G20 Leaders’Summit approaches,global attention is turning to South Africa,the current presidency,with the expectation that it will deliver e!ective outcomes to stimulate development in a world increasingly fragmented by unilateralism,protectionism,and hegemonism from certain Western countries.展开更多
文摘In an era marked by rising protectionism and geopolitical tensions,the world faces a stark choice:embrace multilateral cooperation or succumb to unilateral hegemony.The United States’punitive tariff policies have exposed the negative effect of economic coercion and isolation.Meanwhile,China’s commitment to openness,innovation,and shared prosperity offers a contrast,a testament to the enduring vitality of multilateralism and global integration.
文摘Europe’s shift toward selective protectionism,particularly targeting China,undermines its commitment to free trade,threatens its industrial competitiveness,and ultimately jeopardizes European prosperity.
文摘There is a deep historical foundation of economic protectionism in Europe, which runs through its capitalist development and regional integration process. Over the past two years, the EU's economic protectionism has risen again. Both its official statements and policies show some new trends and characteristics. The basic cause of these latest trends is the relative decline in the overall strength of the EU, especially in regard to the ongoing impact of the financial and debt crisis on its economic, political and social fields. In general, the EU is likely to become more radical in its foreign economic relations, but its protectionism will not solve the fundamental problems it faces. China and Europe still need to further strengthen risk control and management in their economic and trade relations.
基金funded by the National Social Sciences Fund (NSSF) project “Study on U.S. Mercantilist Tradition and New Forms of Mercantilism (Approval No. 17BJL021)”
文摘During its rise as a world power, the United States(U.S.) adopted a traditional form of mercantilism, and most US politicians followed a protectionist approach. From the end of the Civil War to the eve of World War I, the United States blazed a new trail of industrial development and implemented protective policies such as high tariffs. This historical tradition has had a profound influence on some current US politicians. After the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, the United States developed a new form of mercantilism, as manifested in the emergence of nontariff barriers instead of tariff barriers to restrict imports and protect domestic industries and employment. Although export regulations have avoided affecting the technology industry, they have led to hefty trade deficits for the United States. National interests have prevailed in U.S. decision-making and have influenced its choices to accede to or walk away from international organizations or treaties. The dollar's hegemony has played a pivotal role in U.S. economic policymaking. These factors have led to the twin deficits in the U.S. economy, i.e. a trade deficit and a fiscal deficit. The real intention of the United States in waging a trade war against China is to maintain and even strengthen the dollar's hegemony and the U.S.' international predominance.
文摘"Samuelson's Concern" and "Kindleberger Trap" are cited as justifications for trade protectionism under the Trump administration. After reviewing Samuelson's and Kindleberger's trade theories, this paper finds that both Samuelson and Kindleberger are actually proponents of free trade, and that their common concern is falling US competitiveness due to its economic model, domestic institutional rules, and unilateralism. Both the "Samuelson's Concern" and "Kindleberger Trap" are distortions of Samuelson's and Kindleberger's original theories and the arguments' defense of protectionism cannot overcome the challenges confronting the U.S. and will destabilize international economic order.
文摘Both COFCO and SINOCHEM participate in trading business with Australian enterprises,such as the import of barley,wheat,diary and meat products,or chemical products and coal.Free trade has always been the foundation of Sino-Australia relations.In the B20 trade and investment working group discussion,I want to emphasize the
文摘With the textile export to EU growing at a pace faster than anticipated, the joint efforts to slow down Chinese shipment to this market in a predetermined arrangement known as "bilateral check" seem to be abortive, more and more producers there seem to grow out of their patience with EU’s past deal with China. A new wave of trade protectionism is coming on the surge…
文摘Shipbuilding is among the latest industries scheduled for protectionist measures in the U.S.,with the Office of the U.S.Trade Representative(USTR)holding hearings from March 24 to 26 to discuss newly proposed actions targeting China.The proposed actions include the imposition of substantial port fees on Chinese vessel operators,non-Chinese operators of China-built vessels,and operators who have placed orders for China-built vessels.
文摘BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking recovery.OBJECTIVE:To determine whether early suspension-protected training with a personal assistant machine for stroke patients enhances walking ability and prevents muscle spasms.METHODS:Thirty-two early-stage stroke patients from Shenzhen University General Hospital and the China Rehabilitation Research Center were randomly assigned to the experimental group(n=16)and the control group(n=16).Both groups underwent 4 weeks of gait training under the suspension protection system for 30 minutes daily,5 days a week.The experimental group used the personal assistant machine during training.Three-dimensional gait analysis(using the Cortex motion capture system),Brunnstrom staging,Fugl-Meyer Assessment for lower limb motor function,Fugl-Meyer balance function,and the modified Ashworth Scale were evaluated within 1 week before the intervention and after 4 weeks of intervention.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After the 4-week intervention,all outcome measures showed significant changes in each group.The experimental group had a small but significant increase in the modified Ashworth Scale score(P<0.05,d=|0.15|),while the control group had a large significant increase(P<0.05,d=|1.48|).The experimental group demonstrated greater improvements in walking speed(16.5 to 38.44 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|4.01|),step frequency(46.44 to 64.94 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|2.32|),stride length(15.50 to 29.81 cm,P<0.05,d=|3.44|),and peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.82|to|2.17|).After treatment,the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in walking speed(38.44 vs.26.63 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|2.75|),stride length,peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.31|to|1.45|),step frequency(64.94 vs.59.38 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|0.85|),and a reduced support phase(bilateral:24.31%vs.28.38%,P<0.05,d=|0.88|;non-paretic:66.19%vs.70.13%,P<0.05,d=|0.94|).For early hemiplegia,personal assistant machine-assisted gait training under the suspension protection system helps establish a correct gait pattern,prevents muscle spasms,and improves motor function.
基金Supported by the Special Project for Supporting the Development of Biomedicine and Health Industry in Hangzhou City,No.2022WJC123Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Plan Project,No.2022ZA143.
文摘BACKGROUND Long-term antipsychotic therapy in psychiatric patients carries significant cardiovascular risks,including QT interval prolongation,myocardial injury,and functional impairment.Guanxinning,a traditional Chinese medicine formulation,has demonstrated cardioprotective potential in preclinical studies,but clinical evidence in this population remains limited.AIM To evaluate the cardioprotective effects of Guanxinning against antipsychotic-induced cardiac injury in long-term hospitalized psychiatric patients.METHODS A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 120 psychiatric inpatients receiving chronic antipsychotic therapy.Participants were allocated to:Intervention group:Conventional antipsychotics+Guanxinning tablets(0.38 g×4 tablets,ter in die);Control group:Conventional antipsychotics+identical placebo;Cardiac assessments at baseline and 12 months included:Electrocardiography(corrected QT interval),echocardiography(left ventricular ejection fraction,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter),serum biomarkers(cardiac troponin I,B-type natriuretic peptide,superoxide dismutase,malondialdehyde,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein).RESULTS Compared to controls,the Guanxinning group showed:Electrophysiological improvement:Corrected QT shortening(438±25 milliseconds vs 465±30 milliseconds,P<0.01).Functional enhancement:Left ventricular ejection fraction increase(58.5%±5.2%vs 53.8%±4.8%,P<0.05),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter reduction(49.8±3.5 mm vs 52.6±3.8 mm,P<0.05),Biochemical modulation:Reduced myocardial injury markers(cardiac troponin I:0.009 ng/mL vs 0.014 ng/mL;B-type natriuretic peptide:52 pg/mL vs 78 pg/mL,P<0.001),improved oxidative stress(superoxide dismutase:↑13.3 U/mL;malondialdehyde:↓0.9 nmol/mL,P<0.001),attenuated inflammation(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein:2.0 mg/L vs 3.2 mg/L,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Guanxinning significantly mitigates antipsychotic-induced cardiac injury in psychiatric patients,demonstrating:Normalization of electrophysiological parameters,Preservation of systolic/diastolic function,suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation.These findings support its clinical application as an adjunctive cardioprotective therapy,potentially through inhibition of myocardial apoptosis and antioxidant upregulation.
文摘China files a complaint with the WTO for the first timeagainst the EU’s anti-dumping measures Recently,a trade row between the European Union(EU) and China-the world’s first and third biggesteconomies,respectively-hascaused concerns.
文摘In the middle of October, acting on a complaint from the United Steelworkers union, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative initiated a Section 301 investigation into
文摘The United States’ investigation into imported Chinese seamless steel pipes intensifies trade frictions while damaging American consumer interests The spike in occurrences and rising intensity of trade protectionism has become a growing concern for China’s industry.The U.S. Commerce Department announced its intention
文摘The large and persistent U.S.trade deficit with China,which reached$233 billion in 2006,is causing increased tension in China-U.S.relations.A new coalition has arisen between hawks on Capitol Hill,who see China as a security threat,and protectionists,who blame China for"stealing"American jobs through"unfair trade practices."James A.Dorn,China specialist and Vice President for academic affairs at the Cato Institute in Washington,D.C., however,warns,imposing trade sanctions on China would not eliminate the U.S.bilateral trade deficit-but would endanger the global liberal trading order.Correcting trade imbalances requires flexibility,not rigidity,he says.
文摘Opinions in Washington on the revaluation of China’s currenc yare becom-ing more contentious. The U.S . Senate Finance Committee and the Senate Banking Committee have approved bills aimed at pres suring Beijing torevalue the yuan despite the Bush administration ’s war ning against suchbills. However , 1,028 noted U.S . economists recently voiced their dissent in apetition. Beijing Review talked to James Anderson , Prof essor of Economicsat Boston College, and Ar nold Kling, an independent economist from Maryl and , both of whom signed the petition.
文摘Because of its constant supplies of cheap consumer products to people around the world during the past 30 years, China has become known as the "world’s factory."
文摘AFFECT The global auto market is fighting against the financial crisis,making the competition tougher.Major auto businesses in the world are suffering a toughest time since World WarⅡ.American Big Three is awaiting the warm hands from their government.Major Japan-based car makers,in-
文摘As the 20th G20 Leaders’Summit approaches,global attention is turning to South Africa,the current presidency,with the expectation that it will deliver e!ective outcomes to stimulate development in a world increasingly fragmented by unilateralism,protectionism,and hegemonism from certain Western countries.
