BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking rec...BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking recovery.OBJECTIVE:To determine whether early suspension-protected training with a personal assistant machine for stroke patients enhances walking ability and prevents muscle spasms.METHODS:Thirty-two early-stage stroke patients from Shenzhen University General Hospital and the China Rehabilitation Research Center were randomly assigned to the experimental group(n=16)and the control group(n=16).Both groups underwent 4 weeks of gait training under the suspension protection system for 30 minutes daily,5 days a week.The experimental group used the personal assistant machine during training.Three-dimensional gait analysis(using the Cortex motion capture system),Brunnstrom staging,Fugl-Meyer Assessment for lower limb motor function,Fugl-Meyer balance function,and the modified Ashworth Scale were evaluated within 1 week before the intervention and after 4 weeks of intervention.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After the 4-week intervention,all outcome measures showed significant changes in each group.The experimental group had a small but significant increase in the modified Ashworth Scale score(P<0.05,d=|0.15|),while the control group had a large significant increase(P<0.05,d=|1.48|).The experimental group demonstrated greater improvements in walking speed(16.5 to 38.44 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|4.01|),step frequency(46.44 to 64.94 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|2.32|),stride length(15.50 to 29.81 cm,P<0.05,d=|3.44|),and peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.82|to|2.17|).After treatment,the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in walking speed(38.44 vs.26.63 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|2.75|),stride length,peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.31|to|1.45|),step frequency(64.94 vs.59.38 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|0.85|),and a reduced support phase(bilateral:24.31%vs.28.38%,P<0.05,d=|0.88|;non-paretic:66.19%vs.70.13%,P<0.05,d=|0.94|).For early hemiplegia,personal assistant machine-assisted gait training under the suspension protection system helps establish a correct gait pattern,prevents muscle spasms,and improves motor function.展开更多
Power system protection has evolved significantly due to the ongoing energy transition and digitalization.The development and standardization of information and communication technologies(ICTs)used for power system pr...Power system protection has evolved significantly due to the ongoing energy transition and digitalization.The development and standardization of information and communication technologies(ICTs)used for power system protection,monitoring,and control have led to the digitalization of substations and the introduction of new protection and control schemes.These include virtualized centralized protection and control for in-tra-substation applications,as well as advanced wide-area monitoring,protection,and control(WAMPAC)for inter-substation applications.This paper reviews the development of virtualized centralized protection,with a focus on key practical advancements,emerging technolo-gies,and state-of-the-art studies in centralized protection and control(CPC)and WAMPAC systems.It also identifies directions for future research.展开更多
Network topology obfuscation is a technique aimed at protecting critical nodes and links from disruptions such as Link Flooding Attack(LFA).Currently,there are limited topology obfuscation methods for protecting criti...Network topology obfuscation is a technique aimed at protecting critical nodes and links from disruptions such as Link Flooding Attack(LFA).Currently,there are limited topology obfuscation methods for protecting critical nodes,and the existing approaches mainly achieve obfuscation by extensivelymodifying network links,resulting in high costs.To address this issue,this paper proposes a low-cost network topology obfuscation method dedicated to critical node protection,with its core innovation lying in a lightweight obfuscation architecture based on Fake Node Clusters(FNCs).Firstly,the protected network is modeled as an undirected graph,and an adjacency matrix is constructed to quantify the network scale and structural characteristics.Then,a fake node cluster generation algorithm is designed to construct an FNC adapted to the target network.Finally,a heuristic obfuscated topology generation algorithm is proposed.By optimizing the deployment positions of Fake Nodes Clusters(FNCs)in the protected network,this algorithm effectively reduces the number of FNCs required to generate the obfuscated topology,further lowering the obfuscation cost.Extensive experiments were conducted on the public Topology Zoo dataset,categorizing network topologies by node count into small-scale([0,50)),medium-scale([50,100)),and large-scale([100,200))groups.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves excellent obfuscation performance,reducing the critical node recognition rate to 0%.Compared to the typical method,EigenObfu,the proposed approach also reduces obfuscation costs by an average of 97.9%,99.6%,and 99.3%for small,medium,and large-scale networks,respectively.展开更多
Protective hardware is essential for mitigating damage caused by unavoidable falls in humanoid robots.Despite notable progress in fall protection hardware,the theoretical foundation for modeling and the feasibility of...Protective hardware is essential for mitigating damage caused by unavoidable falls in humanoid robots.Despite notable progress in fall protection hardware,the theoretical foundation for modeling and the feasibility of conducting full-scale fall experiments on robots or their surrogates remain somewhat limited.This paper proposes a method for optimizing the thickness of Expandable Polyethylene(EPE),which is used as back protection for the Chubao humanoid robot,based on small-scale impact test data to predict full-scale behavior.The optimal thickness is defined as a balance between compact design and protective effectiveness.An equivalent impact model characterized by four parameters:contact area S,mass m,fall height h,and cushioning material thickness d is introduced to describe impact conditions.The relationship between the peak impact acceleration ap and material thickness d,which forms the core of the method and gives rise to the name AP-D,is analyzed through their plotted curves.After introducing three characteristic parameters and two correction fac-tors,the relationship among the aforementioned variables is derived.Subsequently,both the optimal thickness do and its corresponding peak impact acceleration aop are predicted via nonlinear and linear regression models.Finally,the accuracy and effectiveness of the theoretically derived optimal thickness are validated on both a dummy and the actual robot.With the cushioning material applied,the peak chest acceleration is reduced to 41.57g for the dummy and 32.08g for the robot.展开更多
There has been an increasing emphasis on performing deep neural network(DNN)inference locally on edge devices due to challenges such as network congestion and security concerns.However,as DRAM process technology conti...There has been an increasing emphasis on performing deep neural network(DNN)inference locally on edge devices due to challenges such as network congestion and security concerns.However,as DRAM process technology continues to scale down,the bit-flip errors in the memory of edge devices become more frequent,thereby leading to substantial DNN inference accuracy loss.Though several techniques have been proposed to alleviate the accuracy loss in edge environments,they require complex computations and additional parity bits for error correction,thus resulting in significant performance and storage overheads.In this paper,we propose FeatherGuard,a data-driven lightweight error protection scheme for DNN inference on edge devices.FeatherGuard selectively protects critical bit positions(that have a significant impact on DNN inference accuracy)against bit-flip errors,by considering various DNN characteristics(e.g.,data format,layer-wise weight distribution,actually stored logical values).Thus,it achieves high error tolerability during DNN inference.Since FeatherGuard reduces the bit-flip errors based on only a few simple arithmetic operations(e.g.,NOT operations)without parity bits,it causes negligible performance overhead and no storage overhead.Our experimental results show that FeatherGuard improves the error tolerability by up to 6667×and 4000×,compared to the conventional systems and the state-of-the-art error protection technique for edge environments,respectively.展开更多
Mobile communications are reaching out to every aspect of our daily life,necessitating highefficiency data transmission and support for diverse data types and communication scenarios.Polar codes have emerged as a prom...Mobile communications are reaching out to every aspect of our daily life,necessitating highefficiency data transmission and support for diverse data types and communication scenarios.Polar codes have emerged as a promising solution due to their outstanding error-correction performance and low complexity.Unequal error protection(UEP)involves nonuniform error safeguarding for distinct data segments,achieving a fine balance between error resilience and resource allocation,which ultimately enhancing system performance and efficiency.In this paper,we propose a novel class of UEP rateless polar codes.The codes are designed based on matrix extension of polar codes,and elegant mapping and duplication operations are designed to achieve UEP property while preserving the overall performance of conventional polar codes.Superior UEP performance is attained without significant modifications to conventional polar codes,making it straightforward for compatibility with existing polar codes.A theoretical analysis is conducted on the block error rate and throughput efficiency performance.To the best of our knowledge,this work provides the first theoretical performance analysis of UEP rateless polar codes.Simulation results show that the proposed codes significantly outperform existing polar coding schemes in both block error rate and throughput efficiency.展开更多
Hypervelocity rocket sled systems are critical for testing advanced military technologies,yet track damage at speeds exceeding Mach 5 remains a significant challenge for system reliability and performance.In this stud...Hypervelocity rocket sled systems are critical for testing advanced military technologies,yet track damage at speeds exceeding Mach 5 remains a significant challenge for system reliability and performance.In this study,we investigated the hypervelocity impact response and protection for highstrength U71 Mn or bainitic steel used in rocket sled tracks.Flyer plate impact experiments using a two-stage light-gas gun were conducted to study the hypervelocity collision response,followed by the microstructural characterization via optical microscope,scanning electron microscopy equipped with electron backscatter diffraction to reveal underlying damage mechanisms.Then,the calibrated thermalmechanical coupled finite element simulations using the Johnson-Cook constitutive model and MieGrüneisen equation of state were carried out.Results indicated that bainitic steel exhibits superior impact resistance with predominantly smooth scratch-dominated damage due to its higher ductility.In contrast,U71 Mn suffered significant material spallation and crack propagation arising from brittle fracture mechanisms.Zinc-rich epoxy primer coatings effectively mitigated stress concentration and temperature rise in the substrate at impacting velocities below 2.4 km/s,so as to suppress the microstructural damage such as adiabatic shear bands and dynamic recrystallization.However,coating protection diminished at ultra-high-speed impacts due to the coating failure.Dimensional analysis established quantitative relationships of the gouge damage size to projectile mass,impact velocity,and material yield strength.This study provides in-depth insights into damage mechanisms in hypervelocity rail systems,demonstrating that bainitic steel combined with protective coatings can significantly enhance impact resistance and system reliability,offering valuable guidance for the design and optimization of hypervelocity testing platforms.展开更多
With the widespread adoption of digital equipment in intelligent substations,testing digital signals in power systems has become an important role for relay protection test equipment.Testing and calibrating digital si...With the widespread adoption of digital equipment in intelligent substations,testing digital signals in power systems has become an important role for relay protection test equipment.Testing and calibrating digital signals require high accuracy.However,existing methods have low precision,cannot be calibrated at full range for all indexes,and have complex configuration,making them unsuitable for routine calibration work.To solve the above problems,a novel calibration method is designed and implemented using field programmable gate array(FPGA)to achieve accurate input and output time control.Accurate calibration relies on multiple forms of traceability including theoretical value traceability based on waveform comparison,time scale value traceability based on accurate time stamps,and algorithm traceability based on typical algorithms.Compared with other existing methods,the proposed approach reduces the mean absolute error of action time and time measurement by 92.88%,effectively addressing a key industry challenge and offering a valuable reference for further research,application,and standardization.展开更多
Waterborne acrylic coatings are widely utilized due to their cost-effectiveness,high transparency,strong resistance to weather and chemicals,impressive mechanical properties,and excellent adhesion to various substrate...Waterborne acrylic coatings are widely utilized due to their cost-effectiveness,high transparency,strong resistance to weather and chemicals,impressive mechanical properties,and excellent adhesion to various substrates.In these coatings,a reactive emulsifier containing phosphate groups can be integrated into the molecular chain during polymerization,which enhances the coating's compactness and corrosion resistance.This work focuses on the synthesis of styrene-butyl acrylate(St-BA)latex and methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate(MMA-BA)latex using the reactive phosphate emulsifier ANPEO_(10)-P_(1) through seed emulsion polymerization,achieving a conversion rate of approximately 99%and a solid content close to 50%.The resulting coatings from St-BA and MMA-BA latexes demonstrated long-term corrosion protection for carbon steel and aluminum alloy due to in-situ phosphatization,effectively preventing flash rust.Notably,the MMA-BA coating exhibited remarkable durability,enduring immersion for up to 1224 h(51 d)on Q 235 carbon steel before reaching the failure threshold(|Z|0.01 Hz£106Ω·cm^(2))on Q 235 carbon steel.On 5052 aluminum alloy,the St-BA coating maintained|Z|0.01 Hz>10^(8)Ω·cm^(2) for 480 h(20 d).Furthermore,the corrosion resistance of St-BA and MMA BA coatings on Q 235 steel sheet and 5052 aluminum alloy surpassed that of commercially available MMA-BA and St BA coatings after immersion in a 3.5 wt%NaCl aqueous solution.This work also delves into the anticorrosion mechanism of MMA-BA and St-BA coatings.展开更多
In this study,artificial neural networks(ANNs)were implemented to determine design parameters for an impressed current cathodic protection(ICCP)prototype.An ASTM A36 steel plate was tested in 3.5%NaCl solution,seawate...In this study,artificial neural networks(ANNs)were implemented to determine design parameters for an impressed current cathodic protection(ICCP)prototype.An ASTM A36 steel plate was tested in 3.5%NaCl solution,seawater,and NS4 using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)to monitor the evolution of the substrate surface,which affects the current required to reach the protection potential(Eprot).Experimental data were collected as training datasets and analyzed using statistical methods,including box plots and correlation matrices.Subsequently,ANNs were applied to predict the current demand at different exposure times,enabling the estimation of electrochemical parameters(limiting voltage values)that can be used to optimize a self-regulating ICCP system.The obtained electrochemical parameters were then used,through Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO),to fine-tune an ANN-based proportional-integral-derivative(PID)controller for the ICCP system.展开更多
In this paper,the Jiangxi section of the red army's long march is taken as the research object to construct a red cultural heritage corridor.Introducing the theory of heritage corridor,on the basis of its hierarch...In this paper,the Jiangxi section of the red army's long march is taken as the research object to construct a red cultural heritage corridor.Introducing the theory of heritage corridor,on the basis of its hierarchical decomposition and comparative judgment,a hierarchy model of the red cultural heritage corridor resource is established.The comprehensive scores of each factor are obtained through expert scoring,and the overall pattern of red army corridor is constructed as"ring-shape-point".New ideas for protection and utilization as well as protection implementation measures are proposed,and the spiritual and cultural connotations of long march in Jiangxi are fully explored.This could help the social and economic development of the areas along the long march of red army in Jiangxi,and promote the integrated utilization and coordinated development of resources in the red cultural heritage corridor region.展开更多
The protection system for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)varieties,as an important policy tool to promote the development of TCM,has a long history of over 30 years,from the promulgation of the“Regulations on the P...The protection system for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)varieties,as an important policy tool to promote the development of TCM,has a long history of over 30 years,from the promulgation of the“Regulations on the Protection of Traditional Chinese Medicine Varieties”in 1992 to the comprehensive revision of the draft for soliciting opinions in 2022.The TCM protection system evolves to meet the needs of innovative development of TCM.This paper reviews the policy developments in TCM varieties protection,collates protection data(1993 to 2024),and analyzes enterprises application strategies amid impending regulatory changes.展开更多
Deep sea,with rich oil,gas,and mineral resources,plays an increasingly crucial role in scientific and industrial realms.However,the highly corrosive feature of deep sea hinders further exploration and development,whic...Deep sea,with rich oil,gas,and mineral resources,plays an increasingly crucial role in scientific and industrial realms.However,the highly corrosive feature of deep sea hinders further exploration and development,which requires metal materials with robust corrosion resistance.This review covers an in-depth and all-around overview of the up-to-date advances in corrosion and protection of metals in deep-sea environment.Firstly,the unique characteristics of deep-sea environment are summarized in detail.Subsequently,the corrosion performances of metals in both in situ and simulated deep-sea environments are illustrated systematically.Furthermore,corrosion prevent strategies of metals,including sacrificial anode protection,organic coatings,as well as coatings achieved by physical vapor deposition(PVD coatings),are highlighted.Finally,we outline current challenges and development trends of corrosion and protection of metals in deep-sea environment in the future.The purpose of this review is not only to summarize the recent progress on metal corrosion and protection in deep sea,but also to aid us in understanding them more comprehensively and deeply in a short time,so as to boost their fast development.展开更多
1.Introduction to ablative TPS The Mars 2020 mission underscored the critical role of ablative Thermal Protection Systems(TPS)during atmospheric entry,where spacecraft encounter extreme aerodynamic heating.Established...1.Introduction to ablative TPS The Mars 2020 mission underscored the critical role of ablative Thermal Protection Systems(TPS)during atmospheric entry,where spacecraft encounter extreme aerodynamic heating.Established in the mid-20th century,blunt body theories led to the creation of ablative heat shields that effectively manage thermal loads through thermo-chemo-mechanical decomposition.This paper revisits the development and application of ablative TPS materials,which are single-mission solutions capable of withstanding entry velocities surpassing 10 km/s.展开更多
The lightning accidents still occurred frequently in facilities protected by the protective angle method.After years of research,the expert team of the China Lightning Science(Jindun)Industry-University-Research Insti...The lightning accidents still occurred frequently in facilities protected by the protective angle method.After years of research,the expert team of the China Lightning Science(Jindun)Industry-University-Research Institute Collaboration Base has redefined the working principle of lightning rods,developed a new type of lightning rod(lightning interceptor),proposed a new theory of regional lightning protection,and established an engineering technology method for regional lightning protection(semi-circular method).Significant results have been achieved in multiple professional fields.In this paper,the research and application effects of lightning rods and protection angle method,regional lightning protection theory,and semi-circular method are introduced,which can be used as a reference for relevant technical personnel.展开更多
This article takes the current autonomous driving technology as the research background and studies the collaborative protection mechanism between its system-on-chip(SoC)functional safety and information security.It i...This article takes the current autonomous driving technology as the research background and studies the collaborative protection mechanism between its system-on-chip(SoC)functional safety and information security.It includes an introduction to the functions and information security of autonomous driving SoCs,as well as the main design strategies for the collaborative prevention and control mechanism of SoC functional safety and information security in autonomous driving.The research shows that in the field of autonomous driving,there is a close connection between the functional safety of SoCs and their information security.In the design of the safety collaborative protection mechanism,the overall collaborative protection architecture,SoC functional safety protection mechanism,information security protection mechanism,the workflow of the collaborative protection mechanism,and its strategies are all key design elements.It is hoped that this analysis can provide some references for the collaborative protection of SoC functional safety and information security in the field of autonomous driving,so as to improve the safety of autonomous driving technology and meet its practical application requirements.展开更多
In the digital era,the protection of human rights inevitably integrates digital technology and presents distinctive relevant characteristics.Therefore,the concept of digital inclusion should be introduced.However,the ...In the digital era,the protection of human rights inevitably integrates digital technology and presents distinctive relevant characteristics.Therefore,the concept of digital inclusion should be introduced.However,the protection of human rights in the digital age still faces four significant challenges,namely,limitations in hardware systems with unrealized access rights,lack of digital competency with widening digital divide,low degree of empowerment and inefficiency in digital utilization,as well as frequent digital infringements and compromised digital rights.To address these challenges,it is essential to ensure barrier-free access to information technology to strengthen the foundation of human rights protection,promote the extensive participation of social entities to expand the scope of human rights protection,provide inclusive services for diverse groups to deepen the content of human rights protection,eliminate the digital divide to promote equal realization of human rights protection,and enhance citizens’digital literacy and capabilities to improve the efficacy of digital protection of human rights.Under the framework of digital inclusion,the specific measures to achieve the digital protection of human rights are led by the value orientation and practical needs of the rights to subsistence and development,aiming to advance the universal protection,differential protection,and enhanced protection of human rights through digital inclusion.展开更多
The atmospheric corrosion monitoring(ACM)technique has been widely employed to track the real-time corrosion behavior of metal materials.However,limited studies have applied ACM to the corrosion protection properties ...The atmospheric corrosion monitoring(ACM)technique has been widely employed to track the real-time corrosion behavior of metal materials.However,limited studies have applied ACM to the corrosion protection properties of organic coatings.This study compared a bare epoxy coating with one containing zinc phosphate corrosion inhibitors,both applied on ACM sensors,to observe their corrosion protection properties over time.Coatings with artificial damage via scratches were exposed to immersion and alternating dry and wet environments,which allowed for monitoring galvanic corrosion currents in real-time.Throughout the corrosion tests,the ACM currents of the zinc phosphate/epoxy coating were considerably lower than those of the blank epoxy coating.The trend in ACM current variations closely matched the results obtained from regular electrochemical tests and surface analysis.This alignment highlights the potential of the ACM technique in evaluating the corrosion protection capabilities of organic coatings.Compared with the blank epoxy coating,the zinc phosphate/epoxy coating showed much-decreased ACM current values that confirmed the effective inhibition of zinc phosphate against steel corrosion beneath the damaged coating.展开更多
The regenerative braking energy utilization system(RBEUS)stands as a promising technique for improving the efficiency and power quality of electrified railways.Beyond the vital aspects of energy management and control...The regenerative braking energy utilization system(RBEUS)stands as a promising technique for improving the efficiency and power quality of electrified railways.Beyond the vital aspects of energy management and control strategies,ensuring fault protection is paramount for the secure and steady operation of the traction power supply system(TPSS)integrated with RBEUS.This paper introduces an innovative protection scheme tailored to diverse RBEUS application scenarios.Firstly,fault categories are streamlined into three levels:system,equipment,and warning.Subsequently,a novel multi-port active power differential protection method,aligned with RBEUS operational principles,is crafted to serve as a comprehensive and sensitive main protection.Building upon this foundation,a hierarchical protection structure for RBEUS is established,addressing the intricacies and variations in fault types while boosting anti-disturbance capabilities under faulty conditions.Embracing the principle of railway-oriented safety,a collaborative RBEUS-TPSS protection scheme is put forth.Finally,through simulated scenarios encompassing various fault conditions,the proposed scheme’s feasibility and effectiveness are convincingly validated.展开更多
With the rapid development of web3.0 applications,the volume of data sharing is increasing,the inefficiency of big data file sharing and the problem of data privacy leakage are becoming more and more prominent,and the...With the rapid development of web3.0 applications,the volume of data sharing is increasing,the inefficiency of big data file sharing and the problem of data privacy leakage are becoming more and more prominent,and the existing data sharing schemes have been difficult to meet the growing demand for data sharing,this paper aims at exploring a secure,efficient and privacy-protecting data sharing scheme under web3.0 applications.Specifically,this paper adopts interplanetary file system(IPFS)technology to realize the storage of large data files to solve the problem of blockchain storage capacity limitation,and utilizes ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption(CP-ABE)and proxy re-encryption(PRE)technology to realize secure multi-party sharing and finegrained access control of data.This paper provides the detailed algorithm design and implementation of data sharing phases and processes,and analyzes the algorithms from the perspectives of security,privacy protection,and performance.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND:Hemiplegia,a prevalent stroke-related condition,is often studied for motor dysfunction;however,spasticity remains under-researched.Abnormal muscle tone significantly hinders hemiplegic patients’walking recovery.OBJECTIVE:To determine whether early suspension-protected training with a personal assistant machine for stroke patients enhances walking ability and prevents muscle spasms.METHODS:Thirty-two early-stage stroke patients from Shenzhen University General Hospital and the China Rehabilitation Research Center were randomly assigned to the experimental group(n=16)and the control group(n=16).Both groups underwent 4 weeks of gait training under the suspension protection system for 30 minutes daily,5 days a week.The experimental group used the personal assistant machine during training.Three-dimensional gait analysis(using the Cortex motion capture system),Brunnstrom staging,Fugl-Meyer Assessment for lower limb motor function,Fugl-Meyer balance function,and the modified Ashworth Scale were evaluated within 1 week before the intervention and after 4 weeks of intervention.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After the 4-week intervention,all outcome measures showed significant changes in each group.The experimental group had a small but significant increase in the modified Ashworth Scale score(P<0.05,d=|0.15|),while the control group had a large significant increase(P<0.05,d=|1.48|).The experimental group demonstrated greater improvements in walking speed(16.5 to 38.44 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|4.01|),step frequency(46.44 to 64.94 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|2.32|),stride length(15.50 to 29.81 cm,P<0.05,d=|3.44|),and peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.82|to|2.17|).After treatment,the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in walking speed(38.44 vs.26.63 cm/s,P<0.05,d=|2.75|),stride length,peak hip and knee flexion(d=|1.31|to|1.45|),step frequency(64.94 vs.59.38 steps/min,P<0.05,d=|0.85|),and a reduced support phase(bilateral:24.31%vs.28.38%,P<0.05,d=|0.88|;non-paretic:66.19%vs.70.13%,P<0.05,d=|0.94|).For early hemiplegia,personal assistant machine-assisted gait training under the suspension protection system helps establish a correct gait pattern,prevents muscle spasms,and improves motor function.
基金supported by the CIRP-5G Project(Business Finland)(No.6937/31/2021)the Otto A.Malm Foundation.
文摘Power system protection has evolved significantly due to the ongoing energy transition and digitalization.The development and standardization of information and communication technologies(ICTs)used for power system protection,monitoring,and control have led to the digitalization of substations and the introduction of new protection and control schemes.These include virtualized centralized protection and control for in-tra-substation applications,as well as advanced wide-area monitoring,protection,and control(WAMPAC)for inter-substation applications.This paper reviews the development of virtualized centralized protection,with a focus on key practical advancements,emerging technolo-gies,and state-of-the-art studies in centralized protection and control(CPC)and WAMPAC systems.It also identifies directions for future research.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3102900)the Key Science and Technology Project of Henan Province,China(No.252102211091).
文摘Network topology obfuscation is a technique aimed at protecting critical nodes and links from disruptions such as Link Flooding Attack(LFA).Currently,there are limited topology obfuscation methods for protecting critical nodes,and the existing approaches mainly achieve obfuscation by extensivelymodifying network links,resulting in high costs.To address this issue,this paper proposes a low-cost network topology obfuscation method dedicated to critical node protection,with its core innovation lying in a lightweight obfuscation architecture based on Fake Node Clusters(FNCs).Firstly,the protected network is modeled as an undirected graph,and an adjacency matrix is constructed to quantify the network scale and structural characteristics.Then,a fake node cluster generation algorithm is designed to construct an FNC adapted to the target network.Finally,a heuristic obfuscated topology generation algorithm is proposed.By optimizing the deployment positions of Fake Nodes Clusters(FNCs)in the protected network,this algorithm effectively reduces the number of FNCs required to generate the obfuscated topology,further lowering the obfuscation cost.Extensive experiments were conducted on the public Topology Zoo dataset,categorizing network topologies by node count into small-scale([0,50)),medium-scale([50,100)),and large-scale([100,200))groups.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves excellent obfuscation performance,reducing the critical node recognition rate to 0%.Compared to the typical method,EigenObfu,the proposed approach also reduces obfuscation costs by an average of 97.9%,99.6%,and 99.3%for small,medium,and large-scale networks,respectively.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality under Grant L243004the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62403060.
文摘Protective hardware is essential for mitigating damage caused by unavoidable falls in humanoid robots.Despite notable progress in fall protection hardware,the theoretical foundation for modeling and the feasibility of conducting full-scale fall experiments on robots or their surrogates remain somewhat limited.This paper proposes a method for optimizing the thickness of Expandable Polyethylene(EPE),which is used as back protection for the Chubao humanoid robot,based on small-scale impact test data to predict full-scale behavior.The optimal thickness is defined as a balance between compact design and protective effectiveness.An equivalent impact model characterized by four parameters:contact area S,mass m,fall height h,and cushioning material thickness d is introduced to describe impact conditions.The relationship between the peak impact acceleration ap and material thickness d,which forms the core of the method and gives rise to the name AP-D,is analyzed through their plotted curves.After introducing three characteristic parameters and two correction fac-tors,the relationship among the aforementioned variables is derived.Subsequently,both the optimal thickness do and its corresponding peak impact acceleration aop are predicted via nonlinear and linear regression models.Finally,the accuracy and effectiveness of the theoretically derived optimal thickness are validated on both a dummy and the actual robot.With the cushioning material applied,the peak chest acceleration is reduced to 41.57g for the dummy and 32.08g for the robot.
基金the“Convergence and Open sharing System”Project,supported by the Ministry of Education and National Research Foundation of Korea.
文摘There has been an increasing emphasis on performing deep neural network(DNN)inference locally on edge devices due to challenges such as network congestion and security concerns.However,as DRAM process technology continues to scale down,the bit-flip errors in the memory of edge devices become more frequent,thereby leading to substantial DNN inference accuracy loss.Though several techniques have been proposed to alleviate the accuracy loss in edge environments,they require complex computations and additional parity bits for error correction,thus resulting in significant performance and storage overheads.In this paper,we propose FeatherGuard,a data-driven lightweight error protection scheme for DNN inference on edge devices.FeatherGuard selectively protects critical bit positions(that have a significant impact on DNN inference accuracy)against bit-flip errors,by considering various DNN characteristics(e.g.,data format,layer-wise weight distribution,actually stored logical values).Thus,it achieves high error tolerability during DNN inference.Since FeatherGuard reduces the bit-flip errors based on only a few simple arithmetic operations(e.g.,NOT operations)without parity bits,it causes negligible performance overhead and no storage overhead.Our experimental results show that FeatherGuard improves the error tolerability by up to 6667×and 4000×,compared to the conventional systems and the state-of-the-art error protection technique for edge environments,respectively.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62301008)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M720272)New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE。
文摘Mobile communications are reaching out to every aspect of our daily life,necessitating highefficiency data transmission and support for diverse data types and communication scenarios.Polar codes have emerged as a promising solution due to their outstanding error-correction performance and low complexity.Unequal error protection(UEP)involves nonuniform error safeguarding for distinct data segments,achieving a fine balance between error resilience and resource allocation,which ultimately enhancing system performance and efficiency.In this paper,we propose a novel class of UEP rateless polar codes.The codes are designed based on matrix extension of polar codes,and elegant mapping and duplication operations are designed to achieve UEP property while preserving the overall performance of conventional polar codes.Superior UEP performance is attained without significant modifications to conventional polar codes,making it straightforward for compatibility with existing polar codes.A theoretical analysis is conducted on the block error rate and throughput efficiency performance.To the best of our knowledge,this work provides the first theoretical performance analysis of UEP rateless polar codes.Simulation results show that the proposed codes significantly outperform existing polar coding schemes in both block error rate and throughput efficiency.
基金financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2024YFA1209801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12302140,12325204)+4 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M732794)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.sxzy012023213)the Scientific Research Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2023JC-XJ-02)the Young Talent Support Program of Xi'an Science and Technology Association(Grant No.959202413069)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade B)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.GZB20230575)。
文摘Hypervelocity rocket sled systems are critical for testing advanced military technologies,yet track damage at speeds exceeding Mach 5 remains a significant challenge for system reliability and performance.In this study,we investigated the hypervelocity impact response and protection for highstrength U71 Mn or bainitic steel used in rocket sled tracks.Flyer plate impact experiments using a two-stage light-gas gun were conducted to study the hypervelocity collision response,followed by the microstructural characterization via optical microscope,scanning electron microscopy equipped with electron backscatter diffraction to reveal underlying damage mechanisms.Then,the calibrated thermalmechanical coupled finite element simulations using the Johnson-Cook constitutive model and MieGrüneisen equation of state were carried out.Results indicated that bainitic steel exhibits superior impact resistance with predominantly smooth scratch-dominated damage due to its higher ductility.In contrast,U71 Mn suffered significant material spallation and crack propagation arising from brittle fracture mechanisms.Zinc-rich epoxy primer coatings effectively mitigated stress concentration and temperature rise in the substrate at impacting velocities below 2.4 km/s,so as to suppress the microstructural damage such as adiabatic shear bands and dynamic recrystallization.However,coating protection diminished at ultra-high-speed impacts due to the coating failure.Dimensional analysis established quantitative relationships of the gouge damage size to projectile mass,impact velocity,and material yield strength.This study provides in-depth insights into damage mechanisms in hypervelocity rail systems,demonstrating that bainitic steel combined with protective coatings can significantly enhance impact resistance and system reliability,offering valuable guidance for the design and optimization of hypervelocity testing platforms.
基金supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of Henan Province(No.242102211065)Postgraduate Education Reform and Quality Im-provement Project of Henan Province(No.YJS2025GZZ36).
文摘With the widespread adoption of digital equipment in intelligent substations,testing digital signals in power systems has become an important role for relay protection test equipment.Testing and calibrating digital signals require high accuracy.However,existing methods have low precision,cannot be calibrated at full range for all indexes,and have complex configuration,making them unsuitable for routine calibration work.To solve the above problems,a novel calibration method is designed and implemented using field programmable gate array(FPGA)to achieve accurate input and output time control.Accurate calibration relies on multiple forms of traceability including theoretical value traceability based on waveform comparison,time scale value traceability based on accurate time stamps,and algorithm traceability based on typical algorithms.Compared with other existing methods,the proposed approach reduces the mean absolute error of action time and time measurement by 92.88%,effectively addressing a key industry challenge and offering a valuable reference for further research,application,and standardization.
基金Project(52373065)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2220004002898)supported by the Zhuhai Industry University Research Cooperation and Basic and Applied Research Projects,China。
文摘Waterborne acrylic coatings are widely utilized due to their cost-effectiveness,high transparency,strong resistance to weather and chemicals,impressive mechanical properties,and excellent adhesion to various substrates.In these coatings,a reactive emulsifier containing phosphate groups can be integrated into the molecular chain during polymerization,which enhances the coating's compactness and corrosion resistance.This work focuses on the synthesis of styrene-butyl acrylate(St-BA)latex and methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate(MMA-BA)latex using the reactive phosphate emulsifier ANPEO_(10)-P_(1) through seed emulsion polymerization,achieving a conversion rate of approximately 99%and a solid content close to 50%.The resulting coatings from St-BA and MMA-BA latexes demonstrated long-term corrosion protection for carbon steel and aluminum alloy due to in-situ phosphatization,effectively preventing flash rust.Notably,the MMA-BA coating exhibited remarkable durability,enduring immersion for up to 1224 h(51 d)on Q 235 carbon steel before reaching the failure threshold(|Z|0.01 Hz£106Ω·cm^(2))on Q 235 carbon steel.On 5052 aluminum alloy,the St-BA coating maintained|Z|0.01 Hz>10^(8)Ω·cm^(2) for 480 h(20 d).Furthermore,the corrosion resistance of St-BA and MMA BA coatings on Q 235 steel sheet and 5052 aluminum alloy surpassed that of commercially available MMA-BA and St BA coatings after immersion in a 3.5 wt%NaCl aqueous solution.This work also delves into the anticorrosion mechanism of MMA-BA and St-BA coatings.
文摘In this study,artificial neural networks(ANNs)were implemented to determine design parameters for an impressed current cathodic protection(ICCP)prototype.An ASTM A36 steel plate was tested in 3.5%NaCl solution,seawater,and NS4 using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)to monitor the evolution of the substrate surface,which affects the current required to reach the protection potential(Eprot).Experimental data were collected as training datasets and analyzed using statistical methods,including box plots and correlation matrices.Subsequently,ANNs were applied to predict the current demand at different exposure times,enabling the estimation of electrochemical parameters(limiting voltage values)that can be used to optimize a self-regulating ICCP system.The obtained electrochemical parameters were then used,through Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO),to fine-tune an ANN-based proportional-integral-derivative(PID)controller for the ICCP system.
基金Supported by the Humanities and Social Science Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Universities(YS23104).
文摘In this paper,the Jiangxi section of the red army's long march is taken as the research object to construct a red cultural heritage corridor.Introducing the theory of heritage corridor,on the basis of its hierarchical decomposition and comparative judgment,a hierarchy model of the red cultural heritage corridor resource is established.The comprehensive scores of each factor are obtained through expert scoring,and the overall pattern of red army corridor is constructed as"ring-shape-point".New ideas for protection and utilization as well as protection implementation measures are proposed,and the spiritual and cultural connotations of long march in Jiangxi are fully explored.This could help the social and economic development of the areas along the long march of red army in Jiangxi,and promote the integrated utilization and coordinated development of resources in the red cultural heritage corridor region.
文摘The protection system for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)varieties,as an important policy tool to promote the development of TCM,has a long history of over 30 years,from the promulgation of the“Regulations on the Protection of Traditional Chinese Medicine Varieties”in 1992 to the comprehensive revision of the draft for soliciting opinions in 2022.The TCM protection system evolves to meet the needs of innovative development of TCM.This paper reviews the policy developments in TCM varieties protection,collates protection data(1993 to 2024),and analyzes enterprises application strategies amid impending regulatory changes.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3808800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52301406 and 52375219)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LR21E050001)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M733600)the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(No.2023J329).
文摘Deep sea,with rich oil,gas,and mineral resources,plays an increasingly crucial role in scientific and industrial realms.However,the highly corrosive feature of deep sea hinders further exploration and development,which requires metal materials with robust corrosion resistance.This review covers an in-depth and all-around overview of the up-to-date advances in corrosion and protection of metals in deep-sea environment.Firstly,the unique characteristics of deep-sea environment are summarized in detail.Subsequently,the corrosion performances of metals in both in situ and simulated deep-sea environments are illustrated systematically.Furthermore,corrosion prevent strategies of metals,including sacrificial anode protection,organic coatings,as well as coatings achieved by physical vapor deposition(PVD coatings),are highlighted.Finally,we outline current challenges and development trends of corrosion and protection of metals in deep-sea environment in the future.The purpose of this review is not only to summarize the recent progress on metal corrosion and protection in deep sea,but also to aid us in understanding them more comprehensively and deeply in a short time,so as to boost their fast development.
文摘1.Introduction to ablative TPS The Mars 2020 mission underscored the critical role of ablative Thermal Protection Systems(TPS)during atmospheric entry,where spacecraft encounter extreme aerodynamic heating.Established in the mid-20th century,blunt body theories led to the creation of ablative heat shields that effectively manage thermal loads through thermo-chemo-mechanical decomposition.This paper revisits the development and application of ablative TPS materials,which are single-mission solutions capable of withstanding entry velocities surpassing 10 km/s.
基金Supported by the Real-time Monitoring of Electromagnetic Pulse Protection(Lightning)Effect and Grounding Resistance for Guangdong Yuedian Zhuhai Biqing Bay Sea Wind Farmthe Research on Key Technologies of Lightning Intelligent Protection System for Guangdong Energy Hehe Sea Wind Farm(SFC/QZW-ZX-XF-24-020).
文摘The lightning accidents still occurred frequently in facilities protected by the protective angle method.After years of research,the expert team of the China Lightning Science(Jindun)Industry-University-Research Institute Collaboration Base has redefined the working principle of lightning rods,developed a new type of lightning rod(lightning interceptor),proposed a new theory of regional lightning protection,and established an engineering technology method for regional lightning protection(semi-circular method).Significant results have been achieved in multiple professional fields.In this paper,the research and application effects of lightning rods and protection angle method,regional lightning protection theory,and semi-circular method are introduced,which can be used as a reference for relevant technical personnel.
文摘This article takes the current autonomous driving technology as the research background and studies the collaborative protection mechanism between its system-on-chip(SoC)functional safety and information security.It includes an introduction to the functions and information security of autonomous driving SoCs,as well as the main design strategies for the collaborative prevention and control mechanism of SoC functional safety and information security in autonomous driving.The research shows that in the field of autonomous driving,there is a close connection between the functional safety of SoCs and their information security.In the design of the safety collaborative protection mechanism,the overall collaborative protection architecture,SoC functional safety protection mechanism,information security protection mechanism,the workflow of the collaborative protection mechanism,and its strategies are all key design elements.It is hoped that this analysis can provide some references for the collaborative protection of SoC functional safety and information security in the field of autonomous driving,so as to improve the safety of autonomous driving technology and meet its practical application requirements.
基金the National Social Science Fund Major Project“Research on the Coordination of Norms in Contemporary Chinese National Governance”(Project Approval Number 19ZDA155).
文摘In the digital era,the protection of human rights inevitably integrates digital technology and presents distinctive relevant characteristics.Therefore,the concept of digital inclusion should be introduced.However,the protection of human rights in the digital age still faces four significant challenges,namely,limitations in hardware systems with unrealized access rights,lack of digital competency with widening digital divide,low degree of empowerment and inefficiency in digital utilization,as well as frequent digital infringements and compromised digital rights.To address these challenges,it is essential to ensure barrier-free access to information technology to strengthen the foundation of human rights protection,promote the extensive participation of social entities to expand the scope of human rights protection,provide inclusive services for diverse groups to deepen the content of human rights protection,eliminate the digital divide to promote equal realization of human rights protection,and enhance citizens’digital literacy and capabilities to improve the efficacy of digital protection of human rights.Under the framework of digital inclusion,the specific measures to achieve the digital protection of human rights are led by the value orientation and practical needs of the rights to subsistence and development,aiming to advance the universal protection,differential protection,and enhanced protection of human rights through digital inclusion.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52371049)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology(YESS,No.2020QNRC001)the National Science and Technology Resources Investigation Program of China(Nos.2021FY100603 and 2019FY101404)。
文摘The atmospheric corrosion monitoring(ACM)technique has been widely employed to track the real-time corrosion behavior of metal materials.However,limited studies have applied ACM to the corrosion protection properties of organic coatings.This study compared a bare epoxy coating with one containing zinc phosphate corrosion inhibitors,both applied on ACM sensors,to observe their corrosion protection properties over time.Coatings with artificial damage via scratches were exposed to immersion and alternating dry and wet environments,which allowed for monitoring galvanic corrosion currents in real-time.Throughout the corrosion tests,the ACM currents of the zinc phosphate/epoxy coating were considerably lower than those of the blank epoxy coating.The trend in ACM current variations closely matched the results obtained from regular electrochemical tests and surface analysis.This alignment highlights the potential of the ACM technique in evaluating the corrosion protection capabilities of organic coatings.Compared with the blank epoxy coating,the zinc phosphate/epoxy coating showed much-decreased ACM current values that confirmed the effective inhibition of zinc phosphate against steel corrosion beneath the damaged coating.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52107126 and52077179)the Key Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund Project(No.2023YFB2303901)the funding of Chengdu Guojia Electrical Engineering Co.,Ltd.(No.NEEC-2022-B11).
文摘The regenerative braking energy utilization system(RBEUS)stands as a promising technique for improving the efficiency and power quality of electrified railways.Beyond the vital aspects of energy management and control strategies,ensuring fault protection is paramount for the secure and steady operation of the traction power supply system(TPSS)integrated with RBEUS.This paper introduces an innovative protection scheme tailored to diverse RBEUS application scenarios.Firstly,fault categories are streamlined into three levels:system,equipment,and warning.Subsequently,a novel multi-port active power differential protection method,aligned with RBEUS operational principles,is crafted to serve as a comprehensive and sensitive main protection.Building upon this foundation,a hierarchical protection structure for RBEUS is established,addressing the intricacies and variations in fault types while boosting anti-disturbance capabilities under faulty conditions.Embracing the principle of railway-oriented safety,a collaborative RBEUS-TPSS protection scheme is put forth.Finally,through simulated scenarios encompassing various fault conditions,the proposed scheme’s feasibility and effectiveness are convincingly validated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U24B20146)the National Key Research and Development Plan in China(Grant No.2020YFB1005500)Beijing Natural Science Foundation Project(No.M21034).
文摘With the rapid development of web3.0 applications,the volume of data sharing is increasing,the inefficiency of big data file sharing and the problem of data privacy leakage are becoming more and more prominent,and the existing data sharing schemes have been difficult to meet the growing demand for data sharing,this paper aims at exploring a secure,efficient and privacy-protecting data sharing scheme under web3.0 applications.Specifically,this paper adopts interplanetary file system(IPFS)technology to realize the storage of large data files to solve the problem of blockchain storage capacity limitation,and utilizes ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption(CP-ABE)and proxy re-encryption(PRE)technology to realize secure multi-party sharing and finegrained access control of data.This paper provides the detailed algorithm design and implementation of data sharing phases and processes,and analyzes the algorithms from the perspectives of security,privacy protection,and performance.
