Background:In clinical practice,approximately 80%of prostate cancer(PC)cases are localized and can achieve favorable outcomes with appropriate treatment.Conversely,some remaining cases exhibit an aggressive phenotype ...Background:In clinical practice,approximately 80%of prostate cancer(PC)cases are localized and can achieve favorable outcomes with appropriate treatment.Conversely,some remaining cases exhibit an aggressive phenotype or develop resistance to therapeutic interventions,leading to tumor metastasis and a poorer prognosis.When PC metastasizes to distant sites,the bone remains the predominant location,and brain metastases are regarded as exceedingly rare.Case Description:The current study focused on a rare clinical PC case that presented multiple brain metastases after prostate surgery.The patient was initially diagnosed with PC through prostate biopsy and subsequently underwent prostate debulking surgery while continuing androgen deprivation therapy,which maintained low prostatespecific antigen(PSA)levels for 4 years.However,a sudden PSA surge to 7.858 ng/mL led to the emergence of two brain metastatic tumors,which were confirmed to have originated from the prostate.Conclusions:Patients with advanced PC require comprehensive evaluations to detect rare metastatic sites,such as the brain,to avoid missed diagnoses.For patients with brain metastases,a multimodal approach combining surgical resection,postoperative radiotherapy,and endocrine therapy can effectively alleviate symptoms and enhance survival.展开更多
Poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),including perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorooctane sul-fonate(PFOS),are persistent environmental pollutants with potential toxicological effects on human health.The aim ...Poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),including perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorooctane sul-fonate(PFOS),are persistent environmental pollutants with potential toxicological effects on human health.The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of PFOS and PFOA on the effectiveness of selected drugs used in the treatment of prostate cancer based on in vitro tests on cell lines.Three cell lines were used in the study:two human prostate cancer cells(DU-145 and PC3)and one human normal prostate cell line(PNT1A).Using dose-response experiments,it was observed that PFAS had differential effects on cancer and normal cells.At low concentrations,PFOA and PFOS stimulated the proliferation of cancer cells,particularly PC3,while higher concentrations led to reduced viability.In normal cells,PFOS exhibited greater cytotoxicity compared to PFOA.Furthermore,PFOS enhanced docetaxel cytotoxicity in PC3 cells but reduced its efficacy in DU-145 cells.Similarly,PFOA diminished cabazitaxel effectiveness in DU-145 cells,suggesting PFAS-drug interactions may depend on the cell type,drug,and PFAS concentration.Results suggest that PFAS may influence cellular processes through receptor-mediated pathways,oxidative stress modulation,and protein binding,altering drug bioavailability and cellular uptake.The study also highlights the non-monotonic dose-response relationships observed in PFAS-treated cells.These findings raise concerns about the potential risks associated with PFAS exposure,particularly in the context of cancer treatment.Future studies should focus on long-term,low-dose PFAS exposure,the use of primary cells,and the molecular mechanisms driving these interactions to better inform therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Post-translational modifications(PTMs)regulate the occurrence and development of cancer,and lactylation modification is a new form of PTMs.Recent studies have found that lactic acid modification can regulate the immun...Post-translational modifications(PTMs)regulate the occurrence and development of cancer,and lactylation modification is a new form of PTMs.Recent studies have found that lactic acid modification can regulate the immune tolerance of cancer cells.The classical theory holds that prostate apoptosis response-4(PAR-4)is a tumor suppressor protein.However,our recent research has found that PAR-4 has a biological function of promoting cancer in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and our analysis shows that PAR-4 can be modified of lactic acid.These research evidences suggest that PAR-4 lactylation modification may drive immune tolerance in HCC.Therefore,inhibiting PAR-4 lactylation modification is very likely to increase the sensitivity of HCC to immunotherapy.展开更多
To compare the impact of transurethral resection of prostate （TURP） on symptom scores and maximal flow rates （Qmax） in patients with equivocal bladder outlet obstruction （BOO） and definite BOO and to assess the ...To compare the impact of transurethral resection of prostate （TURP） on symptom scores and maximal flow rates （Qmax） in patients with equivocal bladder outlet obstruction （BOO） and definite BOO and to assess the relationship between the surgical outcomes and degree of preoperative BOO, we prospectively evaluated men with lower urinary tract symptoms and bladder outlet obstruction index （BOO1） greater than 20, who were refractory to conventional medical treatment and underwent TURP. Urodynamic evaluation, International Prostate Symptom Score （IPSS）, uroflowmetry, post-void residual volume （PVR） check and transrectal ultrasound were performed. 20〈B001〈40 was defined as equivocal BOO and BOO1 〉~40 as definite BOO. Changes of IPSS, Qmax, PVR and correlation analysis was performed between the degree of improvement of Qmax, subdomains of I PSS and BOO1. Fifty-four patients showed equivocal BOO and 80 patients showed definite BOO. Preoperatively equivocal BOO group and definite BOO group showed significant differences in maximal bladder capacity and prevalence of detrusor overactivity, whereas no difference was noted in prostate volume. Postoperatively both groups showed improvements in Qmax, obstructive （IPSSO） and irritative （IPSSI） subdomain of IPSS, but the degree of improvement in Qmax and IPSSI subdomain was statistically significantly greater in definite BOO group. The degree of improvement of Qmax and IPSSI showed weak correlation with preoperative BOO1. As a weak correlation was identified between preoperative degree of BOO and outcome of TURP, other factors other than BOO1 such as severity of patients＇ symptoms should be considered in deciding treatment modality.展开更多
Prostate cancer (PC) is among the most common cancer diagnoses in men worldwide and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Approximately 1.5 million new cases of PC were reported worldwide in 2022 with near...Prostate cancer (PC) is among the most common cancer diagnoses in men worldwide and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Approximately 1.5 million new cases of PC were reported worldwide in 2022 with nearly 400,000 associated deaths1. Notably, the incidence of PC in China has increased substantially compared to the global average2.展开更多
The concept of intraductal carcinoma of prostate （IDC-P） has evolved over the years and its clinieopathologic significance has come to be more clearly appreciated. In contrast to morphologically malignant intraducta...The concept of intraductal carcinoma of prostate （IDC-P） has evolved over the years and its clinieopathologic significance has come to be more clearly appreciated. In contrast to morphologically malignant intraductal lesions that represent earlier stages of the malignant process in other anatomic sites such as the breast, IDC-P has now been generally recognized as a prognostically unfavorable manifestation of later stage spreading of its invasive counterpart. We here briefly review the evolution of the IDC-P concept, the histological diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis, the clinical significance, as well as recent molecular data of IDC-P.展开更多
Podophyllotoxone(1) was isolated from the roots of Dysosma versipellis. The structure was determined by spectroscopic analysis in combination with single-crystal X-ray analysis. The absolute configuration of compound ...Podophyllotoxone(1) was isolated from the roots of Dysosma versipellis. The structure was determined by spectroscopic analysis in combination with single-crystal X-ray analysis. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was assigned based on the Flack parameter. It showed significant inhibitory activities against human prostate cancer cells PC3 and DU145 with IC50 values being 14.7 and 20.6 μmol·L-1, respectively. It also arrested the cells at G2/M phase. Tubulin polymerization assay showed that it inhibited the tubulin polymerization in a dose-dependent manner, and molecular docking analysis revealed a different binding mode with tubulin as compared with those known tubulin inhibitors.展开更多
Urinary incontinence is a common complication following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP).Urethral length has been identified as a factor affecting postoperative continence recovery.In this meta-analysis,we e...Urinary incontinence is a common complication following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP).Urethral length has been identified as a factor affecting postoperative continence recovery.In this meta-analysis,we examined the association between use of the maximal urethral length preservation(MULP)technique and postoperative urinary continence in patients undergoing RARP.We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and the Cochrane Library up to December 31,2023.The quality of the literature was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to synthesize data and calculate the odds ratio(OR)from eligible studies on continence and MULP.Six studies involving 1869 patients met the eligibility criteria.MULP was positively associated with both early continence(1 month after RARP;Z=3.62,P=0.003,OR=3.10,95% confidence interval[CI]:1.68-5.73)and late continence(12 months after RARP;Z=2.34,P=0.019,OR=2.10,95%CI:1.13–3.90).Oncological outcomes indicated that MULP did not increase the overall positive surgical margin rate or the positive surgical margin status at the prostate apex(both P>0.05).In conclusion,the use of the MULP technique in RARP significantly improved both early and late postoperative continence outcomes without compromising oncological outcomes.展开更多
deprivation therapy （ADT） is a standard treatment for metastatic, recurrent and locally advanced prostate cancer （PCa）. The aim of this study is to investigate the timing and extent of testosterone recovery in cli...deprivation therapy （ADT） is a standard treatment for metastatic, recurrent and locally advanced prostate cancer （PCa）. The aim of this study is to investigate the timing and extent of testosterone recovery in clinically localized PCa patients treated with radical prostatectomy （RP） and subsequent short-term adjuvant ADT. A total of 95 localized PCa patients underwent RP and 9-month adjuvant ADT were included in this prospective study. Serum testosterone level was measured before adjuvant ADT, at ADT cessation, and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after cessation of ADT. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess variables associated with the ti me of testosterone normalization. The results showed that median patient age was 67 years and median testosterone level before adjuvant ADT was 361 （230-905） ng d1-1. All patients finished 9-month adjuvant ADT and achieved castrate testosterone level. At 3 months after ADT cessation, testosterone recovered to supracastrate level in 97.9% patients and to normal level in 36.9% patients. The percentage of patients who recovered to normal testosterone level increased to 66.3%, 86.3% and 92.6% at 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively. Cox regression model found that higher baseline testosterone level （ 300 ng dl- 1） was the only variable associated with a shorter time to testosterone normalization （hazard ratio： 1.98; P -- 0.012）. In conclusion, in most patients, testosterone recovered to supracastrate level at 3 months and to normal level at 12 months after 9-month adjuvant ADT cessation. Patients with higher baseline testosterone level need shorter time of testosterone normalization.展开更多
Lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS),consisting storage,voiding and postmicturition symptoms,is a comprehensive definition involving symptoms that may occur due to several causes.Instead of simply focusing on the enlarg...Lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS),consisting storage,voiding and postmicturition symptoms,is a comprehensive definition involving symptoms that may occur due to several causes.Instead of simply focusing on the enlarged prostate,more attention has to be paid to the entire urinary tract as well as multiple system comorbidities.Therefore,prostate surgery alone does not necessarily provide adequate management and cross-disciplinary collaborations are sometimes required.Based on current literature,this paper proposes the“3Bs”concept for managing non-neurogenic male LUTS,namely,“beyond prostate”,“beyond surgery”and“beyond urology”.The clinical application of the“3Bs”enables urologists to carry out integrated,individualized and precise medical care for each non-neurogenic male LUTS patient.展开更多
Objective: To compare the efficacy of bladder neck incision (BNI) with transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) in the treatment of patients with urinary obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on t...Objective: To compare the efficacy of bladder neck incision (BNI) with transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) in the treatment of patients with urinary obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on the basis of short term follow up of 4 months. Patient and Methods: The study was conducted in Department of General Surgery in Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi. 60 men with proven clinical diagnosis of BPH of size 30 grams and less presenting with symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) were randomised prospectively to undergo either of the two operative modalities. Preoperatively size of the prostate, symptom scoring (IPSS), peak flow rate (Qmax) were assessed. Postoperatively and during 4 months follow up the following data were collected—operative time, catheterisation period, hospital stay, blood loss, Qmax and IPSS. Results: Preoperative parameters in both the groups showed no statistically significant differences with respect to prostate size, Qmax and IPSS Scoring. At 4 months follow up Qmax increased from (6.35 ± 4.49) to (16.41 ± 2.28) in TURP group and (4.51 ± 3.57) to (15.95 ± 2.58) in BNI group. IPSS decreased from 18.70 to 5.7 in TURP group and 18.90 to 6.00 in BNI group. All differences were statistically significant. There was a statistically significant difference in operative time, blood loss, hospital stay, catheterisation timing favouring BNI. Conclusion: TURP and BNI are equally effective in providing symptomatic improvement. BNI has an upper hand in reference to operative time, hospital stay, duration of catheterisation and blood loss.展开更多
Purpose: To identify possible factors that influence sexual function in men undergoing maximal androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Patients and Methods: A descriptive exploration was performed looking at characteristi...Purpose: To identify possible factors that influence sexual function in men undergoing maximal androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Patients and Methods: A descriptive exploration was performed looking at characteristics of twenty-two men reporting sexual activity after nine months of maximal ADT. This previously published Phase II study, involved 250 prostate cancer patients undergoing intermittent ADT. An analysis between this cohort and the group that did not maintain sexual function was performed to ascertain if age, testosterone level, functional status or maintenance of quadriceps strength had an impact upon sexual function. Results: There was no difference in age, testosterone level or ECOG performance status between the sexually active and non-sexually active groups. Over the course of 9 months of ADT, the sexually active group appeared to maintain quadriceps muscle strength as measured with physical stands, and maintained overall health as measured by quality of life questionaries, compared to the non-sexually active group. Conclusions: This retrospective study suggests that exercise during ADT may reduce the impact of ADT on sexual function. This warrants further testing, and could be the focus of future randomised controlled trials.展开更多
In recent years,advancements in single-cell and spatial transcriptomics,which are highly regarded developments in the current era,particularly the emerging integration of single-cell and spatiotemporal transcriptomics...In recent years,advancements in single-cell and spatial transcriptomics,which are highly regarded developments in the current era,particularly the emerging integration of single-cell and spatiotemporal transcriptomics,have enabled a detailed molecular comprehension of the complex regulation of cell fate.The insights obtained from these methodologies are anticipated to significantly contribute to the development of personalized medicine.Currently,single-cell technology is less frequently utilized for prostate cancer compared with other types of tumors.Start-ing from the perspective of RNA sequencing technology,this review outlined the signifcance of single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)in prostate cancer research,encompassing preclinical medicine and clinical applications.We summarize the differences between mouse and human prostate cancer as revealed by scRNA-seq studies,as well as a combination of multi-omics methods involving scRNA-seq to highlight the key molecular targets for the diagnosis,treatment,and drug resistance characteristics of prostate cancer.These studies are expected to provide novel insights for the development of immunotherapy and other innovative treatment strategies for castration-resistant prostate cancer.Furthermore,we explore the potential clinical applications stemming from other single-cell technologies in this review,paving the way for future research in precision medicine.展开更多
We aimed to evaluate the current nationwide trend,efficacy,safety,and quality of life(QoL)profiles of hormone treatment in real-world practice settings for prostate cancer(PCa)patients in Korea.A total of 292 men with...We aimed to evaluate the current nationwide trend,efficacy,safety,and quality of life(QoL)profiles of hormone treatment in real-world practice settings for prostate cancer(PCa)patients in Korea.A total of 292 men with any biopsy-proven PCa(TanyNanyMany)from 12 institutions in Korea were included in this multi-institutional,observational study of prospectively collected data.All luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone(LHRH)agonists were allowed to be investigational drugs.Efficacy was defined as(1)the rate of castration(serum testosterone≤50 ng dl^-1)at 4-week visit and(2)breakthrough(serum testosterone>50 ng dl^-1 after castration).Safety assessments included routine examinations for potential adverse events,laboratory tests,blood pressure,body weight,and bone min era I density(BMD,at baseli ne and at the last follow-up visit).QoL was assessed using the Expa nded Prostate Cancer Index Composite-26(EPIC-26).The most comm on initial therapeutic regimen was LHRH agonist with an ti-androge n(78.0%),and the most commonly used LHRH agonist for combination and mono therapy was leuprolide(64.0%for combi natio n and 58.0%for monotherapy).The castration and breakthrough rates were 78.4%and 6.6%,respectively.The laboratory results related to dyslipidemia worsened after 4 weeks of hormone treatment.In addition,the mean BMD T-score was significantly lower at the last follow-up(mean:-1.950)compared to baseline(mean:-0.195).The mean total EPIC-26 score decreased from 84.8(standard deviation[s.d.]:12.2)to 78.3(s.d.:8.1),with significant deterioration only in the urinary domain(mean:23.5 at baseli ne and 21.9 at the 4-week visit).These findi ngs dem on strate the n ationwide trend of current practice setti ngs in hormone treatment for PCa in Korea.展开更多
Prostate cancer(PCa)is one of the most common malignant tumors in the male genitourinary system,ranking second in incidence worldwide.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),as an important component of complementary and al...Prostate cancer(PCa)is one of the most common malignant tumors in the male genitourinary system,ranking second in incidence worldwide.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),as an important component of complementary and alternative medicine,shows unique advantages in cancer treatment.Chinese herbal medicine is usually composed of multiple ingredients and involves multiple signaling pathways,which showed function of inducing apoptosis of cancer cells,arresting the cell cycle,inhibiting invasion and metastasis,reducing drug resistance,and regulating immune function.Physical therapy is also an important treatment of TCM.Currently,Physical therapy such as acupuncture or Tai Chi and Qigong are gaining increased recognition in the management of PCa,particularly in addressing issues like urinary incontinence and bone metastasis-related pain.This article reviews the TCM treatment and therapy of PCa,in order to provide new research avenues and treatment options for the treatment of PCa with TCM and improve the quality of life of patients.展开更多
Objective： We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of serum testosterone suppression as well as the potential for agonistic stimulation of serum testosterone during chronic treatment with monthly （3.75 mg） depot formul...Objective： We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of serum testosterone suppression as well as the potential for agonistic stimulation of serum testosterone during chronic treatment with monthly （3.75 mg） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres for patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Methods： A total of 23 patients with metastatic prostate cancer were enrolled in the prospective study and received 6 monthly intramuscular depot injections of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres. Their levels and patterns of serum testosterone suppression and the potential for agonistic stimulation of serum testosterone were monitored following injection monthly （3.75 rag） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres for 24 weeks. Results： Mean testosterone was 431.4 ng/dL, 119.3 ng/dL, 28.2 ng/dL by week 1, 2, 3 and decreased to less than 15.6 ng/dL by week 4 where it remained throughout the treatment period. Median time to suppression of serum testosterone was 20.7 days. No transient minor ＂escape＂ from suppression occurred in all patients which was defined as a single testosterone value greater than 50 ng/dL once suppression was achieved. Assessment of agonistic stimulation following the second depot injection revealed no pattern of stimulation. Conclusion： We concluded that monthly （3.75 mg） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres could provide persistent, stable suppression of serum testosterone throughout the dosing intervals, and that the initial depot injection of this formulation also could provide sufficient pituitary desensitization to prevent agnostic stimulation of serum testosterone during chronic treatment.展开更多
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among males worldwide and a common cause of cancer related mortality in males. Bone metastasis from prostate cancer is common in advanced stage disease leading to majo...Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among males worldwide and a common cause of cancer related mortality in males. Bone metastasis from prostate cancer is common in advanced stage disease leading to major complications including severe bone pain and fractures. Here, we present a case of 79-year-old male newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer, with metastasis to the lungs, liver and lymph nodes, and a solitary osteolytic bone metastasis seen in bone scan. It is well known that osseous metastasis from prostate cancer is primarily sclerotic, although lytic bone metastasis is rare, but it can also be seen as in our case.展开更多
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common type of cancer among men worldwide and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), this cancer causes...Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common type of cancer among men worldwide and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), this cancer causes hundreds of thousands of new cases and tens of thousands of male deaths globally each year. The incidence of PCa varies across different regions and populations, generally being higher in developed countries. This disparity may be attributed to lifestyle factors and the widespread availability of screening and diagnostic technologies. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a membrane-bound enzyme predominantly expressed in prostate tissue and PCa cells, with lower expression in normal tissues. This high expression makes PSMA a critical target for the diagnosis and treatment of PCa, particularly in the field of molecular imaging and radiopharmaceutical therapy. Recently, various studies have emerged on radiopharmaceuticals developed based on PSMA ligands, which can be used to specifically identify and locate PCa cells. Research on the radiomics of these novel drugs has also been updated. This article will discuss the role and limitations of PSMA PET in the diagnosis and management of PCa treatment.展开更多
Seminal vesicle （SV） amyloidosis is a well-documented histological entity, but it is observed infrequently. Its incidence is on the rise, which is probably related to the increasing use of prostate biopsies to inves...Seminal vesicle （SV） amyloidosis is a well-documented histological entity, but it is observed infrequently. Its incidence is on the rise, which is probably related to the increasing use of prostate biopsies to investigate patients with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen levels. Here, we report seven cases of incidental SV amyloidosis over a 3-year period and consider their relationship to the previously suggested aetiological factors. Based on our series, we conclude that incidental localized SV amyloidosis observed in diagnostic prostate biopsies does not warrant formal investigations for systemic amyloidosis.展开更多
Background:Transmembrane emp24 trafficking protein 3(TMED3)is associated with the development of several tumors;however,whether TMED3 regulates the progression of prostate cancer remains unclear.Materials and Methods:...Background:Transmembrane emp24 trafficking protein 3(TMED3)is associated with the development of several tumors;however,whether TMED3 regulates the progression of prostate cancer remains unclear.Materials and Methods:Short hairpin RNA was performed to repress TMED3 in prostate cancer cells(DU145 cells)and in a prostate cancer mice model to determine its function in prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo.Results:In the present study,we found that TMED3 was highly expressed in prostate cancer cells.In vitro,shTMED3 treatment suppressed the proliferation,invasion,and migration and promoted the apoptosis of DU145 cells.Additionally,the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed a strong correlation between TMED3 and forkhead box O transcription factor(FOXO)pathway.Furthermore,TMED3 inhibition efficiently decreased FOXO1a and FOXO3a phosphorylation.In vivo,TMED3 downregulation suppressed the apoptosis,growth,and metastasis of prostate cancer cells via FOXO1a and FOXO3a.Conclusion:The present findings show that TMED3 participates in the regulation of prostate cancer progression via FOXO1a and FOXO3a phosphorylation,thereby revealing a novel mechanism underlying prostate cancer development and suggesting that TMED3 inhibition may serve as a novel strategy for prostate cancer treatment.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation[Grant Number:82102788]Anhui Province Key Project for Clinical Medical Research Translation and Advancement[202204295107020031,202204295107020007]Anhui Provincial University Excellent Scientific Research and Innovation Team Project[2022AH010071].
文摘Background:In clinical practice,approximately 80%of prostate cancer(PC)cases are localized and can achieve favorable outcomes with appropriate treatment.Conversely,some remaining cases exhibit an aggressive phenotype or develop resistance to therapeutic interventions,leading to tumor metastasis and a poorer prognosis.When PC metastasizes to distant sites,the bone remains the predominant location,and brain metastases are regarded as exceedingly rare.Case Description:The current study focused on a rare clinical PC case that presented multiple brain metastases after prostate surgery.The patient was initially diagnosed with PC through prostate biopsy and subsequently underwent prostate debulking surgery while continuing androgen deprivation therapy,which maintained low prostatespecific antigen(PSA)levels for 4 years.However,a sudden PSA surge to 7.858 ng/mL led to the emergence of two brain metastatic tumors,which were confirmed to have originated from the prostate.Conclusions:Patients with advanced PC require comprehensive evaluations to detect rare metastatic sites,such as the brain,to avoid missed diagnoses.For patients with brain metastases,a multimodal approach combining surgical resection,postoperative radiotherapy,and endocrine therapy can effectively alleviate symptoms and enhance survival.
文摘Poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),including perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorooctane sul-fonate(PFOS),are persistent environmental pollutants with potential toxicological effects on human health.The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of PFOS and PFOA on the effectiveness of selected drugs used in the treatment of prostate cancer based on in vitro tests on cell lines.Three cell lines were used in the study:two human prostate cancer cells(DU-145 and PC3)and one human normal prostate cell line(PNT1A).Using dose-response experiments,it was observed that PFAS had differential effects on cancer and normal cells.At low concentrations,PFOA and PFOS stimulated the proliferation of cancer cells,particularly PC3,while higher concentrations led to reduced viability.In normal cells,PFOS exhibited greater cytotoxicity compared to PFOA.Furthermore,PFOS enhanced docetaxel cytotoxicity in PC3 cells but reduced its efficacy in DU-145 cells.Similarly,PFOA diminished cabazitaxel effectiveness in DU-145 cells,suggesting PFAS-drug interactions may depend on the cell type,drug,and PFAS concentration.Results suggest that PFAS may influence cellular processes through receptor-mediated pathways,oxidative stress modulation,and protein binding,altering drug bioavailability and cellular uptake.The study also highlights the non-monotonic dose-response relationships observed in PFAS-treated cells.These findings raise concerns about the potential risks associated with PFAS exposure,particularly in the context of cancer treatment.Future studies should focus on long-term,low-dose PFAS exposure,the use of primary cells,and the molecular mechanisms driving these interactions to better inform therapeutic strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82573045,82460602,82560459)the Hainan Provincial Graduate Student Innovative Research Project(No.Qhys2024-440).
文摘Post-translational modifications(PTMs)regulate the occurrence and development of cancer,and lactylation modification is a new form of PTMs.Recent studies have found that lactic acid modification can regulate the immune tolerance of cancer cells.The classical theory holds that prostate apoptosis response-4(PAR-4)is a tumor suppressor protein.However,our recent research has found that PAR-4 has a biological function of promoting cancer in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and our analysis shows that PAR-4 can be modified of lactic acid.These research evidences suggest that PAR-4 lactylation modification may drive immune tolerance in HCC.Therefore,inhibiting PAR-4 lactylation modification is very likely to increase the sensitivity of HCC to immunotherapy.
文摘To compare the impact of transurethral resection of prostate （TURP） on symptom scores and maximal flow rates （Qmax） in patients with equivocal bladder outlet obstruction （BOO） and definite BOO and to assess the relationship between the surgical outcomes and degree of preoperative BOO, we prospectively evaluated men with lower urinary tract symptoms and bladder outlet obstruction index （BOO1） greater than 20, who were refractory to conventional medical treatment and underwent TURP. Urodynamic evaluation, International Prostate Symptom Score （IPSS）, uroflowmetry, post-void residual volume （PVR） check and transrectal ultrasound were performed. 20〈B001〈40 was defined as equivocal BOO and BOO1 〉~40 as definite BOO. Changes of IPSS, Qmax, PVR and correlation analysis was performed between the degree of improvement of Qmax, subdomains of I PSS and BOO1. Fifty-four patients showed equivocal BOO and 80 patients showed definite BOO. Preoperatively equivocal BOO group and definite BOO group showed significant differences in maximal bladder capacity and prevalence of detrusor overactivity, whereas no difference was noted in prostate volume. Postoperatively both groups showed improvements in Qmax, obstructive （IPSSO） and irritative （IPSSI） subdomain of IPSS, but the degree of improvement in Qmax and IPSSI subdomain was statistically significantly greater in definite BOO group. The degree of improvement of Qmax and IPSSI showed weak correlation with preoperative BOO1. As a weak correlation was identified between preoperative degree of BOO and outcome of TURP, other factors other than BOO1 such as severity of patients＇ symptoms should be considered in deciding treatment modality.
文摘Prostate cancer (PC) is among the most common cancer diagnoses in men worldwide and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Approximately 1.5 million new cases of PC were reported worldwide in 2022 with nearly 400,000 associated deaths1. Notably, the incidence of PC in China has increased substantially compared to the global average2.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 81272848, 81272820, 81302225, 81572540)
文摘The concept of intraductal carcinoma of prostate （IDC-P） has evolved over the years and its clinieopathologic significance has come to be more clearly appreciated. In contrast to morphologically malignant intraductal lesions that represent earlier stages of the malignant process in other anatomic sites such as the breast, IDC-P has now been generally recognized as a prognostically unfavorable manifestation of later stage spreading of its invasive counterpart. We here briefly review the evolution of the IDC-P concept, the histological diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis, the clinical significance, as well as recent molecular data of IDC-P.
基金supported by the Fund of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization(Nos.FPRU2013-4,and ZRJJ2013-4)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21072078)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.11609202)the Guangdong High Level Talent Scheme to R.W.J
文摘Podophyllotoxone(1) was isolated from the roots of Dysosma versipellis. The structure was determined by spectroscopic analysis in combination with single-crystal X-ray analysis. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was assigned based on the Flack parameter. It showed significant inhibitory activities against human prostate cancer cells PC3 and DU145 with IC50 values being 14.7 and 20.6 μmol·L-1, respectively. It also arrested the cells at G2/M phase. Tubulin polymerization assay showed that it inhibited the tubulin polymerization in a dose-dependent manner, and molecular docking analysis revealed a different binding mode with tubulin as compared with those known tubulin inhibitors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82170783).
文摘Urinary incontinence is a common complication following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP).Urethral length has been identified as a factor affecting postoperative continence recovery.In this meta-analysis,we examined the association between use of the maximal urethral length preservation(MULP)technique and postoperative urinary continence in patients undergoing RARP.We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and the Cochrane Library up to December 31,2023.The quality of the literature was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to synthesize data and calculate the odds ratio(OR)from eligible studies on continence and MULP.Six studies involving 1869 patients met the eligibility criteria.MULP was positively associated with both early continence(1 month after RARP;Z=3.62,P=0.003,OR=3.10,95% confidence interval[CI]:1.68-5.73)and late continence(12 months after RARP;Z=2.34,P=0.019,OR=2.10,95%CI:1.13–3.90).Oncological outcomes indicated that MULP did not increase the overall positive surgical margin rate or the positive surgical margin status at the prostate apex(both P>0.05).In conclusion,the use of the MULP technique in RARP significantly improved both early and late postoperative continence outcomes without compromising oncological outcomes.
文摘deprivation therapy （ADT） is a standard treatment for metastatic, recurrent and locally advanced prostate cancer （PCa）. The aim of this study is to investigate the timing and extent of testosterone recovery in clinically localized PCa patients treated with radical prostatectomy （RP） and subsequent short-term adjuvant ADT. A total of 95 localized PCa patients underwent RP and 9-month adjuvant ADT were included in this prospective study. Serum testosterone level was measured before adjuvant ADT, at ADT cessation, and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after cessation of ADT. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess variables associated with the ti me of testosterone normalization. The results showed that median patient age was 67 years and median testosterone level before adjuvant ADT was 361 （230-905） ng d1-1. All patients finished 9-month adjuvant ADT and achieved castrate testosterone level. At 3 months after ADT cessation, testosterone recovered to supracastrate level in 97.9% patients and to normal level in 36.9% patients. The percentage of patients who recovered to normal testosterone level increased to 66.3%, 86.3% and 92.6% at 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively. Cox regression model found that higher baseline testosterone level （ 300 ng dl- 1） was the only variable associated with a shorter time to testosterone normalization （hazard ratio： 1.98; P -- 0.012）. In conclusion, in most patients, testosterone recovered to supracastrate level at 3 months and to normal level at 12 months after 9-month adjuvant ADT cessation. Patients with higher baseline testosterone level need shorter time of testosterone normalization.
文摘Lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS),consisting storage,voiding and postmicturition symptoms,is a comprehensive definition involving symptoms that may occur due to several causes.Instead of simply focusing on the enlarged prostate,more attention has to be paid to the entire urinary tract as well as multiple system comorbidities.Therefore,prostate surgery alone does not necessarily provide adequate management and cross-disciplinary collaborations are sometimes required.Based on current literature,this paper proposes the“3Bs”concept for managing non-neurogenic male LUTS,namely,“beyond prostate”,“beyond surgery”and“beyond urology”.The clinical application of the“3Bs”enables urologists to carry out integrated,individualized and precise medical care for each non-neurogenic male LUTS patient.
文摘Objective: To compare the efficacy of bladder neck incision (BNI) with transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) in the treatment of patients with urinary obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on the basis of short term follow up of 4 months. Patient and Methods: The study was conducted in Department of General Surgery in Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi. 60 men with proven clinical diagnosis of BPH of size 30 grams and less presenting with symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) were randomised prospectively to undergo either of the two operative modalities. Preoperatively size of the prostate, symptom scoring (IPSS), peak flow rate (Qmax) were assessed. Postoperatively and during 4 months follow up the following data were collected—operative time, catheterisation period, hospital stay, blood loss, Qmax and IPSS. Results: Preoperative parameters in both the groups showed no statistically significant differences with respect to prostate size, Qmax and IPSS Scoring. At 4 months follow up Qmax increased from (6.35 ± 4.49) to (16.41 ± 2.28) in TURP group and (4.51 ± 3.57) to (15.95 ± 2.58) in BNI group. IPSS decreased from 18.70 to 5.7 in TURP group and 18.90 to 6.00 in BNI group. All differences were statistically significant. There was a statistically significant difference in operative time, blood loss, hospital stay, catheterisation timing favouring BNI. Conclusion: TURP and BNI are equally effective in providing symptomatic improvement. BNI has an upper hand in reference to operative time, hospital stay, duration of catheterisation and blood loss.
文摘Purpose: To identify possible factors that influence sexual function in men undergoing maximal androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Patients and Methods: A descriptive exploration was performed looking at characteristics of twenty-two men reporting sexual activity after nine months of maximal ADT. This previously published Phase II study, involved 250 prostate cancer patients undergoing intermittent ADT. An analysis between this cohort and the group that did not maintain sexual function was performed to ascertain if age, testosterone level, functional status or maintenance of quadriceps strength had an impact upon sexual function. Results: There was no difference in age, testosterone level or ECOG performance status between the sexually active and non-sexually active groups. Over the course of 9 months of ADT, the sexually active group appeared to maintain quadriceps muscle strength as measured with physical stands, and maintained overall health as measured by quality of life questionaries, compared to the non-sexually active group. Conclusions: This retrospective study suggests that exercise during ADT may reduce the impact of ADT on sexual function. This warrants further testing, and could be the focus of future randomised controlled trials.
基金Chinese Scholarship Council(202206240086)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81974099,82170785,81974098,82170784)+4 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2009303)programs from Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2021YFH0172)Young Investigator Award of Sichuan University 2017(2017SCU04A17)Technology Innovation Research and Development Project of Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau(2019-YF05-00296-SN)Sichuan University-Panzhihua science and technology cooperation special fund(2020CDPZH-4).
文摘In recent years,advancements in single-cell and spatial transcriptomics,which are highly regarded developments in the current era,particularly the emerging integration of single-cell and spatiotemporal transcriptomics,have enabled a detailed molecular comprehension of the complex regulation of cell fate.The insights obtained from these methodologies are anticipated to significantly contribute to the development of personalized medicine.Currently,single-cell technology is less frequently utilized for prostate cancer compared with other types of tumors.Start-ing from the perspective of RNA sequencing technology,this review outlined the signifcance of single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)in prostate cancer research,encompassing preclinical medicine and clinical applications.We summarize the differences between mouse and human prostate cancer as revealed by scRNA-seq studies,as well as a combination of multi-omics methods involving scRNA-seq to highlight the key molecular targets for the diagnosis,treatment,and drug resistance characteristics of prostate cancer.These studies are expected to provide novel insights for the development of immunotherapy and other innovative treatment strategies for castration-resistant prostate cancer.Furthermore,we explore the potential clinical applications stemming from other single-cell technologies in this review,paving the way for future research in precision medicine.
文摘We aimed to evaluate the current nationwide trend,efficacy,safety,and quality of life(QoL)profiles of hormone treatment in real-world practice settings for prostate cancer(PCa)patients in Korea.A total of 292 men with any biopsy-proven PCa(TanyNanyMany)from 12 institutions in Korea were included in this multi-institutional,observational study of prospectively collected data.All luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone(LHRH)agonists were allowed to be investigational drugs.Efficacy was defined as(1)the rate of castration(serum testosterone≤50 ng dl^-1)at 4-week visit and(2)breakthrough(serum testosterone>50 ng dl^-1 after castration).Safety assessments included routine examinations for potential adverse events,laboratory tests,blood pressure,body weight,and bone min era I density(BMD,at baseli ne and at the last follow-up visit).QoL was assessed using the Expa nded Prostate Cancer Index Composite-26(EPIC-26).The most comm on initial therapeutic regimen was LHRH agonist with an ti-androge n(78.0%),and the most commonly used LHRH agonist for combination and mono therapy was leuprolide(64.0%for combi natio n and 58.0%for monotherapy).The castration and breakthrough rates were 78.4%and 6.6%,respectively.The laboratory results related to dyslipidemia worsened after 4 weeks of hormone treatment.In addition,the mean BMD T-score was significantly lower at the last follow-up(mean:-1.950)compared to baseline(mean:-0.195).The mean total EPIC-26 score decreased from 84.8(standard deviation[s.d.]:12.2)to 78.3(s.d.:8.1),with significant deterioration only in the urinary domain(mean:23.5 at baseli ne and 21.9 at the 4-week visit).These findi ngs dem on strate the n ationwide trend of current practice setti ngs in hormone treatment for PCa in Korea.
基金supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722674)Peixian Science and Technology Plan Project(P202410)Xuzhou Medical Reserve Talents Project(XWRCHT20220009).
文摘Prostate cancer(PCa)is one of the most common malignant tumors in the male genitourinary system,ranking second in incidence worldwide.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),as an important component of complementary and alternative medicine,shows unique advantages in cancer treatment.Chinese herbal medicine is usually composed of multiple ingredients and involves multiple signaling pathways,which showed function of inducing apoptosis of cancer cells,arresting the cell cycle,inhibiting invasion and metastasis,reducing drug resistance,and regulating immune function.Physical therapy is also an important treatment of TCM.Currently,Physical therapy such as acupuncture or Tai Chi and Qigong are gaining increased recognition in the management of PCa,particularly in addressing issues like urinary incontinence and bone metastasis-related pain.This article reviews the TCM treatment and therapy of PCa,in order to provide new research avenues and treatment options for the treatment of PCa with TCM and improve the quality of life of patients.
基金Supported by a grant from the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KF2011-12)
文摘Objective： We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of serum testosterone suppression as well as the potential for agonistic stimulation of serum testosterone during chronic treatment with monthly （3.75 mg） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres for patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Methods： A total of 23 patients with metastatic prostate cancer were enrolled in the prospective study and received 6 monthly intramuscular depot injections of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres. Their levels and patterns of serum testosterone suppression and the potential for agonistic stimulation of serum testosterone were monitored following injection monthly （3.75 rag） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres for 24 weeks. Results： Mean testosterone was 431.4 ng/dL, 119.3 ng/dL, 28.2 ng/dL by week 1, 2, 3 and decreased to less than 15.6 ng/dL by week 4 where it remained throughout the treatment period. Median time to suppression of serum testosterone was 20.7 days. No transient minor ＂escape＂ from suppression occurred in all patients which was defined as a single testosterone value greater than 50 ng/dL once suppression was achieved. Assessment of agonistic stimulation following the second depot injection revealed no pattern of stimulation. Conclusion： We concluded that monthly （3.75 mg） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres could provide persistent, stable suppression of serum testosterone throughout the dosing intervals, and that the initial depot injection of this formulation also could provide sufficient pituitary desensitization to prevent agnostic stimulation of serum testosterone during chronic treatment.
文摘Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among males worldwide and a common cause of cancer related mortality in males. Bone metastasis from prostate cancer is common in advanced stage disease leading to major complications including severe bone pain and fractures. Here, we present a case of 79-year-old male newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer, with metastasis to the lungs, liver and lymph nodes, and a solitary osteolytic bone metastasis seen in bone scan. It is well known that osseous metastasis from prostate cancer is primarily sclerotic, although lytic bone metastasis is rare, but it can also be seen as in our case.
文摘Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common type of cancer among men worldwide and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), this cancer causes hundreds of thousands of new cases and tens of thousands of male deaths globally each year. The incidence of PCa varies across different regions and populations, generally being higher in developed countries. This disparity may be attributed to lifestyle factors and the widespread availability of screening and diagnostic technologies. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a membrane-bound enzyme predominantly expressed in prostate tissue and PCa cells, with lower expression in normal tissues. This high expression makes PSMA a critical target for the diagnosis and treatment of PCa, particularly in the field of molecular imaging and radiopharmaceutical therapy. Recently, various studies have emerged on radiopharmaceuticals developed based on PSMA ligands, which can be used to specifically identify and locate PCa cells. Research on the radiomics of these novel drugs has also been updated. This article will discuss the role and limitations of PSMA PET in the diagnosis and management of PCa treatment.
文摘Seminal vesicle （SV） amyloidosis is a well-documented histological entity, but it is observed infrequently. Its incidence is on the rise, which is probably related to the increasing use of prostate biopsies to investigate patients with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen levels. Here, we report seven cases of incidental SV amyloidosis over a 3-year period and consider their relationship to the previously suggested aetiological factors. Based on our series, we conclude that incidental localized SV amyloidosis observed in diagnostic prostate biopsies does not warrant formal investigations for systemic amyloidosis.
基金supported by Guangxi Medical and Health Appropriate Technology Development and Promotion Application Project(S2022022).
文摘Background:Transmembrane emp24 trafficking protein 3(TMED3)is associated with the development of several tumors;however,whether TMED3 regulates the progression of prostate cancer remains unclear.Materials and Methods:Short hairpin RNA was performed to repress TMED3 in prostate cancer cells(DU145 cells)and in a prostate cancer mice model to determine its function in prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo.Results:In the present study,we found that TMED3 was highly expressed in prostate cancer cells.In vitro,shTMED3 treatment suppressed the proliferation,invasion,and migration and promoted the apoptosis of DU145 cells.Additionally,the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed a strong correlation between TMED3 and forkhead box O transcription factor(FOXO)pathway.Furthermore,TMED3 inhibition efficiently decreased FOXO1a and FOXO3a phosphorylation.In vivo,TMED3 downregulation suppressed the apoptosis,growth,and metastasis of prostate cancer cells via FOXO1a and FOXO3a.Conclusion:The present findings show that TMED3 participates in the regulation of prostate cancer progression via FOXO1a and FOXO3a phosphorylation,thereby revealing a novel mechanism underlying prostate cancer development and suggesting that TMED3 inhibition may serve as a novel strategy for prostate cancer treatment.
