This paper examines the history of China’s machine design methods and its status quo. First of all, it discusses machine design methods in ancient China. (1)The design idea of creation by the intelligent and expositi...This paper examines the history of China’s machine design methods and its status quo. First of all, it discusses machine design methods in ancient China. (1)The design idea of creation by the intelligent and exposition by the ingenious. (2)The design principle of the dependence of workmanship on criteria. (3)A macroscopic view of the object of design. (4)The design method of manufacture emphasizing shape. (5)Technological requirements on excellent material and consummate skill. Second, it discusses machine design ideas in ancient China. (1)The system idea in machine design, (2)The idea of machine design.(3)The idea of standardization in machine design. (4)The idea of automation in machine design. Finally, it discusses the status quo and a look ahead of the theory of machine design in China.展开更多
The TRacing Etiology of Non-communicable Diseases(TREND)cohort is a prospective longitudinal cohort and biobank that is mainly based in Ma’anshan,Anhui Province,China.The primary aim of the study is to decipher compr...The TRacing Etiology of Non-communicable Diseases(TREND)cohort is a prospective longitudinal cohort and biobank that is mainly based in Ma’anshan,Anhui Province,China.The primary aim of the study is to decipher comprehensive molecular characterization and deep phenotyping for a broad spectrum of chronic non-communicable diseases(NCDs),which focuses on providing mechanistic insights with diagnostic,prognostic and therapeutic implications.The recruitment was initiated in 2023 and is expected to complete in 2025 with 20,000 participants originated from urban and rural area.In the first phase,3360 participants were recruited.Follow-up visits are scheduled annually and intervally for a total of 30 years.The cohort includes individuals aged over 18 years.Two participants with first-degree linkage were recruited from a household.The age distribution of recruited participants was stratified into four categories:18-45,45-55,55-65,and≥65 years,aligning with the population proportions of Ma’anshan.Meanwhile,the gender distribution was controlled by pairing men and women from the same household.Data collected at baseline includes socio-economic information,medical history,lifestyle and nutritional habits,anthropometrics,blood oxygen,electrocardiogram(ECG),heart sound,as well as blood,urine and feces tests results.Molecular profiling includes genome,proteome,metabolome,microbiome and extracellular vesicles-omics.Blood,urine and fecal samples are collected and stored at−80°C in a storage facility for future research.展开更多
文摘This paper examines the history of China’s machine design methods and its status quo. First of all, it discusses machine design methods in ancient China. (1)The design idea of creation by the intelligent and exposition by the ingenious. (2)The design principle of the dependence of workmanship on criteria. (3)A macroscopic view of the object of design. (4)The design method of manufacture emphasizing shape. (5)Technological requirements on excellent material and consummate skill. Second, it discusses machine design ideas in ancient China. (1)The system idea in machine design, (2)The idea of machine design.(3)The idea of standardization in machine design. (4)The idea of automation in machine design. Finally, it discusses the status quo and a look ahead of the theory of machine design in China.
基金supported by:Municipal Designated Funds of Ma'anshan for Chronic Non-communicable Diseases Prevention,National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,32394052,82204033,32270077 and Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program Overseas-2022)Jiangsu Shuangchuang Project(Medical Innovation Team,Medical Expert and JSSCBS20221815)+6 种基金Designated Funds for Provincial Demonstration Areas for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases,Desiginated Funds for Basic Healthcare and Health Promotion,the Natural Sci-ence Foundation of Jiangsu grant(BK2022020826,BK20220709)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(2242022R10062/3225002202A1)Medical Foundation of Southeast University(4060692202/021)Zhishan Young Scholar Award at the Southeast University(2242023R40031)The Scientific Research Pro-ject for Health Commission of Anhui Province(AHWJ2023A20172,AHWJ2023BAa20055)Nanjing Medical University(CMCM202204,303073572NC21&YNRCZN0301)Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions Priority Academic Program(PAPD).
文摘The TRacing Etiology of Non-communicable Diseases(TREND)cohort is a prospective longitudinal cohort and biobank that is mainly based in Ma’anshan,Anhui Province,China.The primary aim of the study is to decipher comprehensive molecular characterization and deep phenotyping for a broad spectrum of chronic non-communicable diseases(NCDs),which focuses on providing mechanistic insights with diagnostic,prognostic and therapeutic implications.The recruitment was initiated in 2023 and is expected to complete in 2025 with 20,000 participants originated from urban and rural area.In the first phase,3360 participants were recruited.Follow-up visits are scheduled annually and intervally for a total of 30 years.The cohort includes individuals aged over 18 years.Two participants with first-degree linkage were recruited from a household.The age distribution of recruited participants was stratified into four categories:18-45,45-55,55-65,and≥65 years,aligning with the population proportions of Ma’anshan.Meanwhile,the gender distribution was controlled by pairing men and women from the same household.Data collected at baseline includes socio-economic information,medical history,lifestyle and nutritional habits,anthropometrics,blood oxygen,electrocardiogram(ECG),heart sound,as well as blood,urine and feces tests results.Molecular profiling includes genome,proteome,metabolome,microbiome and extracellular vesicles-omics.Blood,urine and fecal samples are collected and stored at−80°C in a storage facility for future research.
