The presence of shale gas has been confirmed in almost every marine shale distribution area in North America.Formation conditions of shale gas in China are the most favorable for marine,organic-rich shale as well.But ...The presence of shale gas has been confirmed in almost every marine shale distribution area in North America.Formation conditions of shale gas in China are the most favorable for marine,organic-rich shale as well.But there has been little research focusing on shale gas in Qiangtang Basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,where a lot of Mesozoic marine shale formations developed.Based on the survey results of petroleum geology and comprehensive test analysis data for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,for the first time,this paper discusses characteristics of sedimentary development,thickness distribution,geochemistry,reservoir and burial depth of organic-rich shale,and geological conditions for shale gas formation in Qiangtang Basin.There are four sets of marine shale strata in Qiangtang Basin including Upper Triassic Xiaochaka Formation （T3x）,Middle Jurassic Buqu Formation （J2b）,Xiali Formation （J2x） and Upper Jurassic Suowa Formation （J3s）,the sedimentary types of which are mainly bathyal-basin facies,open platform-platform margin slope facies,lagoon and tidal-fiat facies,as well as delta facies.By comparing it with the indicators of gas shale in the main U.S.basins,it was found that the four marine shale formations in Qiangtang Basin constitute a multi-layer distribution of organic-rich shale,featuring a high degree of thickness and low abundance of organic matter,high thermal evolution maturity,many kinds of brittle minerals,an equivalent content of quartz and clay minerals,a high content of feldspar and low porosity,which provide basic conditions for an accumulation of shale gas resources.Xiaochaka Formation shale is widely distributed,with big thickness and the best gas generating indicators.It is the main gas source layer.Xiali Formation shale is of intermediate thickness and coverage area,with relatively good gas generating indicators and moderate gas formation potential.Buqu Formation shale and Suowa Formation shale are of relatively large thickness,and covering a small area,with poor gas generating indicators,and limited gas formation potential.The shale gas geological resources and technically recoverable resources were estimated by using geologic analogy method,and the prospective areas and potentially favorable areas for Mesozoic marine shale gas in Qiangtang Basin are forecast and analyzed.It is relatively favorable in a tectonic setting and indication of oil and gas,shale maturity,sedimentary thickness and gypsum-salt beds,and in terms of mineral association for shale gas accumulation.But the challenge lies in overcoming the harsh natural conditions which contributes to great difficulties in ground engineering and exploration,and high exploration costs.展开更多
Since the 13th Five-Year Plan,Sinopec has been thoroughly carrying out the new energy security strategy of“four revolutions and one cooperation”and the spirit of the important instruction of“powerful promotion of p...Since the 13th Five-Year Plan,Sinopec has been thoroughly carrying out the new energy security strategy of“four revolutions and one cooperation”and the spirit of the important instruction of“powerful promotion of petroleum exploration and development”.Focusing on strategic breakthrough and large-scale reserve increase,the petroleum exploration enhances the theoretical and technological innovation and highlights high-quality exploration battles,so that a series of important petroleum exploration achievements have been gained.In order to accelerate and promote the development of Sinopec's natural gas business,this paper forecasts Sinopec's exploration direction and development potential of natural gas in the future after comprehensively sorting out the achievements and theoretical and technological progresses of natural gas exploration since the 13th Five-Year Plan.And the following research results are obtained.First,since the 13th Five-Year plan,Sinopec has been persisting in the strategic deployment of“balancing marine and continental facies and focusing conventional and unconventional resources”.According to the idea of“extending marine conventional gas,strengthening marine shale gas and optimizing continental tight gas”,Sinopec innovatively develops the hydrocarbon accumulation theory of marine shale gas in southern China,marine carbonate rock in central-western China and tight clastic rock in central-western China.Second,by virtue of researches,a 3D seismic exploration technology with reservoir identification and description as the basis and sweet spot prediction as the core is developed,and several support equipment and tools are integrated,such as deep and ultra-deep drilling and completion,acid fracturing testing,long horizontal well fracturing and high power electric fracturing,and drillable composite bridge plug.Third,a series of natural gas exploration achievements are obtained in three major fields of marine shale,marine carbonate rock and continental tight clastic rock,and new proven natural gas reserves of 1.0068×1012 m3 is achieved,which provides Sinopec with high-quality resource guarantee for the fast increase of natural gas production.Fourth,looking forward,there are abundant natural gas resource bases in Sinopec's licenses,and the main development directions of its natural gas exploration are marine carbonate rock in central-western China,tight clastic rock and shale in central-western China,marine deep clastic rock,and deep clastic rock and igneous rock in the mature areas of eastern China.In conclusion,Sinopec's new proven natural gas reserves during the 14th Five-Year Plan is predicted to be 1.16×10^(12)-1.36×10^(12) m^(3),which can provide a solid resources base for the great development of natural gas in China.展开更多
Most of the studies on characteristic towns have made policy interpretation and planning convergence as the research focus. There is still a lack of in-depth discussion on the connotation, essence and scientificalness...Most of the studies on characteristic towns have made policy interpretation and planning convergence as the research focus. There is still a lack of in-depth discussion on the connotation, essence and scientificalness of characteristic towns. Starting from planning rationality and the source of characteristic towns, this study summarizes the cultivation process and essence of characteristic towns, looks forward to its development prospects and expounds the connotation, innovation and scientificalness of characteristic towns in east China’s Zhejiang Province and other places. The study believes that the innovation of the characteristic town Zhejiang model is reflected in the three aspects of industrial choice, space carrier and system design, but there are rational logical faults from the existing cases to the promotion of the whole province, from Zhejiang experience to national promotion. From the perspective of planning rationality, the construction of characteristic towns in China is a development model under the leadership of political rationality. Planners should clearly understand and provide technical rational support to improve the practice of characteristic towns.展开更多
As one of the important types of unconventional gas,tight gas is widely distributed in various major petroliferous basins in the world.The breakthrough of reservoir reconstruction technology and the reduction of devel...As one of the important types of unconventional gas,tight gas is widely distributed in various major petroliferous basins in the world.The breakthrough of reservoir reconstruction technology and the reduction of development cost promote the scale and industrial development of tight gas.China is the third largest tight gas producer in the world and its yearly tight gas production is up to 470×10^(8) m^(3) in 2020.In order to evaluate the development prospect of tight gas in China,this paper systematically summarizes domestic key technical series developed in the last 20 years'tight gas practice,after briefly analyzing the distribution and development history of tight gas resources all over the world.Then,the prospect of tight gas development in China is based on CNPC's fourth resource evaluation results.And the following research results are ob tained.First,tight gas resource in China is abundant,accounting for about 10% of global resources,and its development is divided into two stages,i.e.the development evaluation stage and the development adjustment stage.Second,key technologies in the development evaluation stage include the establishment of genesis unit of effective reservoir,enrichment area selection,development index evaluation,well pattern and type optimization,reservoir reconstruction,and development scheme optimization.Third,the core in the development adjustment stage is enhanced gas recovery(EGR).The main technical means are well pattern optimization and infilling.Which can increase the recovery factor by 10%-20%.In addition,layer reviewing and reperforating,old well sidetracking,secondary fracturing,drainage and gas recovery,and pres surized production are also effective technologies.In conclusion,tight gas still has greater production potentials and development prospects in China.The potential tapping of produced proved reserves,the development of unproduced proved reserves and the effective development of new proved reserves are three important aspects to ensure the mid-and long-term development of tight gas.The first two aspects can support the yearly tight gas production to reach the peak of(700-800)108 m^(3) in 2030-2035 and keep stable production for more than 10 years.Moreover,the continuous development of new proved reserves will further support the stable production of tight gas until 2050-2060.展开更多
基金co-funded by National Science and Technology Major Special Project (Grant No.2011ZX05018-001 and 2011ZX05028-002)PetroChina Co. Ltd. Project (Grant No.2011D-5002-02, 2014E-050202)
文摘The presence of shale gas has been confirmed in almost every marine shale distribution area in North America.Formation conditions of shale gas in China are the most favorable for marine,organic-rich shale as well.But there has been little research focusing on shale gas in Qiangtang Basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,where a lot of Mesozoic marine shale formations developed.Based on the survey results of petroleum geology and comprehensive test analysis data for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,for the first time,this paper discusses characteristics of sedimentary development,thickness distribution,geochemistry,reservoir and burial depth of organic-rich shale,and geological conditions for shale gas formation in Qiangtang Basin.There are four sets of marine shale strata in Qiangtang Basin including Upper Triassic Xiaochaka Formation （T3x）,Middle Jurassic Buqu Formation （J2b）,Xiali Formation （J2x） and Upper Jurassic Suowa Formation （J3s）,the sedimentary types of which are mainly bathyal-basin facies,open platform-platform margin slope facies,lagoon and tidal-fiat facies,as well as delta facies.By comparing it with the indicators of gas shale in the main U.S.basins,it was found that the four marine shale formations in Qiangtang Basin constitute a multi-layer distribution of organic-rich shale,featuring a high degree of thickness and low abundance of organic matter,high thermal evolution maturity,many kinds of brittle minerals,an equivalent content of quartz and clay minerals,a high content of feldspar and low porosity,which provide basic conditions for an accumulation of shale gas resources.Xiaochaka Formation shale is widely distributed,with big thickness and the best gas generating indicators.It is the main gas source layer.Xiali Formation shale is of intermediate thickness and coverage area,with relatively good gas generating indicators and moderate gas formation potential.Buqu Formation shale and Suowa Formation shale are of relatively large thickness,and covering a small area,with poor gas generating indicators,and limited gas formation potential.The shale gas geological resources and technically recoverable resources were estimated by using geologic analogy method,and the prospective areas and potentially favorable areas for Mesozoic marine shale gas in Qiangtang Basin are forecast and analyzed.It is relatively favorable in a tectonic setting and indication of oil and gas,shale maturity,sedimentary thickness and gypsum-salt beds,and in terms of mineral association for shale gas accumulation.But the challenge lies in overcoming the harsh natural conditions which contributes to great difficulties in ground engineering and exploration,and high exploration costs.
基金Project supported by the National Major Science and Technology Project"Target Evaluation and Exploration Technology for Shale Gas Zone"(No.2017ZX05036).
文摘Since the 13th Five-Year Plan,Sinopec has been thoroughly carrying out the new energy security strategy of“four revolutions and one cooperation”and the spirit of the important instruction of“powerful promotion of petroleum exploration and development”.Focusing on strategic breakthrough and large-scale reserve increase,the petroleum exploration enhances the theoretical and technological innovation and highlights high-quality exploration battles,so that a series of important petroleum exploration achievements have been gained.In order to accelerate and promote the development of Sinopec's natural gas business,this paper forecasts Sinopec's exploration direction and development potential of natural gas in the future after comprehensively sorting out the achievements and theoretical and technological progresses of natural gas exploration since the 13th Five-Year Plan.And the following research results are obtained.First,since the 13th Five-Year plan,Sinopec has been persisting in the strategic deployment of“balancing marine and continental facies and focusing conventional and unconventional resources”.According to the idea of“extending marine conventional gas,strengthening marine shale gas and optimizing continental tight gas”,Sinopec innovatively develops the hydrocarbon accumulation theory of marine shale gas in southern China,marine carbonate rock in central-western China and tight clastic rock in central-western China.Second,by virtue of researches,a 3D seismic exploration technology with reservoir identification and description as the basis and sweet spot prediction as the core is developed,and several support equipment and tools are integrated,such as deep and ultra-deep drilling and completion,acid fracturing testing,long horizontal well fracturing and high power electric fracturing,and drillable composite bridge plug.Third,a series of natural gas exploration achievements are obtained in three major fields of marine shale,marine carbonate rock and continental tight clastic rock,and new proven natural gas reserves of 1.0068×1012 m3 is achieved,which provides Sinopec with high-quality resource guarantee for the fast increase of natural gas production.Fourth,looking forward,there are abundant natural gas resource bases in Sinopec's licenses,and the main development directions of its natural gas exploration are marine carbonate rock in central-western China,tight clastic rock and shale in central-western China,marine deep clastic rock,and deep clastic rock and igneous rock in the mature areas of eastern China.In conclusion,Sinopec's new proven natural gas reserves during the 14th Five-Year Plan is predicted to be 1.16×10^(12)-1.36×10^(12) m^(3),which can provide a solid resources base for the great development of natural gas in China.
文摘Most of the studies on characteristic towns have made policy interpretation and planning convergence as the research focus. There is still a lack of in-depth discussion on the connotation, essence and scientificalness of characteristic towns. Starting from planning rationality and the source of characteristic towns, this study summarizes the cultivation process and essence of characteristic towns, looks forward to its development prospects and expounds the connotation, innovation and scientificalness of characteristic towns in east China’s Zhejiang Province and other places. The study believes that the innovation of the characteristic town Zhejiang model is reflected in the three aspects of industrial choice, space carrier and system design, but there are rational logical faults from the existing cases to the promotion of the whole province, from Zhejiang experience to national promotion. From the perspective of planning rationality, the construction of characteristic towns in China is a development model under the leadership of political rationality. Planners should clearly understand and provide technical rational support to improve the practice of characteristic towns.
基金Key Technology Research on Complex Natural Gas Field Development(No.2021DJ17)“Tight Gas Exploration and Development Technology Research”(No.2021DJ21)of the“14th Five-Year Plan”of China National Petroleum Corporation.
文摘As one of the important types of unconventional gas,tight gas is widely distributed in various major petroliferous basins in the world.The breakthrough of reservoir reconstruction technology and the reduction of development cost promote the scale and industrial development of tight gas.China is the third largest tight gas producer in the world and its yearly tight gas production is up to 470×10^(8) m^(3) in 2020.In order to evaluate the development prospect of tight gas in China,this paper systematically summarizes domestic key technical series developed in the last 20 years'tight gas practice,after briefly analyzing the distribution and development history of tight gas resources all over the world.Then,the prospect of tight gas development in China is based on CNPC's fourth resource evaluation results.And the following research results are ob tained.First,tight gas resource in China is abundant,accounting for about 10% of global resources,and its development is divided into two stages,i.e.the development evaluation stage and the development adjustment stage.Second,key technologies in the development evaluation stage include the establishment of genesis unit of effective reservoir,enrichment area selection,development index evaluation,well pattern and type optimization,reservoir reconstruction,and development scheme optimization.Third,the core in the development adjustment stage is enhanced gas recovery(EGR).The main technical means are well pattern optimization and infilling.Which can increase the recovery factor by 10%-20%.In addition,layer reviewing and reperforating,old well sidetracking,secondary fracturing,drainage and gas recovery,and pres surized production are also effective technologies.In conclusion,tight gas still has greater production potentials and development prospects in China.The potential tapping of produced proved reserves,the development of unproduced proved reserves and the effective development of new proved reserves are three important aspects to ensure the mid-and long-term development of tight gas.The first two aspects can support the yearly tight gas production to reach the peak of(700-800)108 m^(3) in 2030-2035 and keep stable production for more than 10 years.Moreover,the continuous development of new proved reserves will further support the stable production of tight gas until 2050-2060.
