Propylene oxide(PO),with its reactive three-membered epoxide functional group,exhibits remarkable functional versatility and serves as a crucial bridge connecting the gaps between fossil energy utilization and chemica...Propylene oxide(PO),with its reactive three-membered epoxide functional group,exhibits remarkable functional versatility and serves as a crucial bridge connecting the gaps between fossil energy utilization and chemical intermediate generation for new material innovation [1].For instance,PO's downstream derivatives,such as polyether polyols,carbonic esters,and polyurethanes,are widely utilized in wind power generation,battery electrolytes,solar cells,and CO_(2)-based degradable polymers,contributing to sustainable decarbonization in industry [2].展开更多
As an important chemical product,propylene(C_(3)H_(6))is widely used in production of many crucial chemical products such as polypropylene.Propane(C_(3)H_(8))is introduced as an inevitable gas impurity during the naph...As an important chemical product,propylene(C_(3)H_(6))is widely used in production of many crucial chemical products such as polypropylene.Propane(C_(3)H_(8))is introduced as an inevitable gas impurity during the naphtha cracking in propylene production.At present,thermal-driven energy-intensive cryogenic distillation is the most common purification method in industry.An energy-efficient,cost-effective and environmental-friendly separation technology is required to get polymer grade C_(3)H_(6)(higher than 99.5%).In face of the increasing demand of propylene,new separation technology based on porous adsorbents is expected to be a promising alternative.In recent years,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have obtained attention by their high porosity,regular adjustable pore shape and pore environment and keep making breakthroughs in separation and purification of many industrial gas mixtures,and are thus considered as one of the most potential types of adsorbents.The physical properties of C_(3)H_(6)and C_(3)H_(8),such as boiling point,size and kinetic diameter,are close to each other,making their separation a challenge.Most C_(3)H_(6)/C_(3)H_(8)sieving MOFs based on narrow sieving channels that restrict the access of molecules larger than their confined entrance purify mixtures at the cost of diffusion and capacity.To improve the adsorption of MOFs based on molecular sieving,a novel‘pearl-necklace’strategy was designed,which was named for its connected channel and molecular pocket vividly,but the diffusion limitation remains unsolved.展开更多
We report a robust pillar-layered metal-organic framework,Zn‑tfbdc‑dabco(tfbdc:tetrafluoroterephthal-ate,dabco:1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane),featuring the fluorinated pore environment,for the preferential binding of ...We report a robust pillar-layered metal-organic framework,Zn‑tfbdc‑dabco(tfbdc:tetrafluoroterephthal-ate,dabco:1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane),featuring the fluorinated pore environment,for the preferential binding of propane over propylene and thus highly inverse selective separation of propane/propylene mixture.The inverse propane-selective performance of Zn‑tfbdc‑dabco for the propane/propylene separation was validated by single-component gas adsorption isotherms,isosteric enthalpy of adsorption calculations,ideal adsorbed solution theory calculations,along with the breakthrough experiment.The customized fluorinated networks served as a propane-trap to form more interactions with the exposed hydrogen atoms of propane,as unveiled by the simulation studies at the molecular level.With the advantage of inverse propane-selective adsorption behavior,high adsorption capacity,good cycling stability,and low isosteric enthalpy of adsorption,Zn‑tfbdc‑dabco can be a promising candidate adsorbent for the challenging propane/propylene separation to realize one-step purification of the target propylene substance.展开更多
The production of high-purity propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate(PMA)through the transesterification of propylene glycol monomethyl ether(PM)and methyl acetate(MeOAc)is traditionally catalyzed by sodium methoxi...The production of high-purity propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate(PMA)through the transesterification of propylene glycol monomethyl ether(PM)and methyl acetate(MeOAc)is traditionally catalyzed by sodium methoxide.However,the practical application of this method is significantly hindered by the inherent limitations of sodium methoxide,such as its high sensitivity to moisture and propensity for solid precipitation,which impede its effective use in continuous processes.This work proposed a continuous catalytic distillation(CD)process utilizing Amberlyst 15 cation exchange resin as the catalyst.A comprehensive series of reaction kinetic and CD experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed process.The results demonstrate that under the optimal operating conditions,namely an ester-to-ether molar ratio of 6:1,a refluxratio of 5:1,a total feed rate of 0.92 g‧min^(-1),and an evaporation rate of 266.47 m^(3)‧m^(-2)‧h^(-1),the conversion rate of PM achieves 99.95%,and the PMA yield is 97.31%.Based on these findings,a process flowsheet for a continuous CD process tailored for the production of electronic-grade PMA is presented.This design incorporates light and heavy removal steps to ensure the production of PMA with a purity of 99.99%.Additionally,the process utilizes pressure swing distillation to recover MeOAc,thereby enhancing the overall efficiencyand sustainability of the production process.The proposed continuous CD process offers a highly efficient,cost-effective,and environmentally sustainable solution for the production of electronic-grade PMA.展开更多
A novel environmentally benign biphasic system composed of propylene carbonate(PC) and aqueous solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid(p-TsOH aq) was designed for the efficient valorization of lignocellulosic bamboo residu...A novel environmentally benign biphasic system composed of propylene carbonate(PC) and aqueous solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid(p-TsOH aq) was designed for the efficient valorization of lignocellulosic bamboo residues, resulting in more than 95.5% of hemicellulose and 97.2% of lignin digested under mild conditions of 130°C for 1 h. Meanwhile, 91.9% of cellulose was retained with loose structure, followed by 95.8% enzyme hydrolysis yield and 347.9 mg g-1of glucose yield. Notably, the synergistic effect between PC and p-TsOH on efficiency and selectivity was proposed by a control group experiment and subsequently verified, which is believed to be responsible for the simultaneous degradation and separation of lignin and hemicelluloses into oligomeric phenols and pentose, also facilitating subsequent valorization.Furthermore, the novel PC/p-TsOH aq biphasic system demonstrated excellent retrievability and adaptability to different feedstocks, offering a promising green strategy for the efficient valorization of lignocellulosic biomass in industrial biorefineries.展开更多
ITR zeolite could be potentially used as catalysts in methanol to propylene(MTP),where their performance is strongly related to its Al distribution.However,the control of Al distribution in ITR zeolite poses a signifi...ITR zeolite could be potentially used as catalysts in methanol to propylene(MTP),where their performance is strongly related to its Al distribution.However,the control of Al distribution in ITR zeolite poses a significant synthetic challenge.Herein,we demonstrate the possibility to control the Al distribution in ITR zeolites using zeolite A as an aluminum source(A-ITR).The A-ITR exhibited similar crystallinity,nanosheet morphology,textual parameters,and acidic concentration with those of conventional ITR made zeolites using aluminum isopropoxide as an aluminum source(C-ITR).Characterizations of the zeolite product with^(27)Al MQ.MAS NMR spectra,^(27)Al MAS NMR spectra,and 1-hexene cracking reveal that the A-ITR zeolites have more Al species distributed in T6 and T8 sites located in relatively smaller micropores of the framework than C-ITR.As a result,the A-ITR gave enhanced catalyst lifetime and propylene selectivity due to the suppression of the aromatic cycle in the MTP reaction,compared with the C-ITR.This work provides an alternative approach to prepare efficient ITR zeolites for MTP reaction.展开更多
Propylene,a readily accessible and economically viable light olefin,has garnered substantial interest for its potential conversion into valuable higher olefins through oligomerization processes.The distribution of pro...Propylene,a readily accessible and economically viable light olefin,has garnered substantial interest for its potential conversion into valuable higher olefins through oligomerization processes.The distribution of products is profoundly influenced by the catalyst structure.In this study,Fe_(2)O_(3)-doped NiSO_(4)/Al_(2)O_(3) catalysts have been meticulously developed to facilitate the selective trimerization of propylene under mild conditions.Significantly,the 0.25Fe_(2)O_(3)-NiSO_(4)/Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst demonstrates an enhanced reaction rate(48.5 mmol_(C3)/(g_(cat).·h)),alongside a high yield of C9(~32.2%),significantly surpassing the performance of the NiSO_(4)/Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst(C9:~24.1%).The incorporation of Fe_(2)O_(3) modifies the migration process of sulfate ions,altering the Lewis acidity of the electron-deficient Ni and Fe sites on the catalyst and resulting a shift in product distribution from a Schulz-Flory distribution to a Poisson distribution.This shift is primarily ascribed to the heightened energy barrier for theβ-H elimination reaction in the C6 alkyl intermediates on the doped catalyst,further promoting polymerization to yield a greater quantity of Type II C9.Furthermore,the validation of the Cossee-Arlman mechanism within the reaction pathway has been confirmed.It is noteworthy that the 0.25Fe_(2)O_(3)-NiSO_(4)/Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst exhibits remarkable stability exceeding 80 h in the selective trimerization of propylene.These research findings significantly enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying olefin oligomerization reactions and provide invaluable insights for the development of more effective catalysts.展开更多
The catalytic cracking of light diesel oil （235–337 ＆#176;C） over gold‐modified ZSM‐5 was investigated in a small confined fluidized bed at 460 ＆#176;C and ambient pressure. Different Au/ZSM‐5 catalysts were p...The catalytic cracking of light diesel oil （235–337 ＆#176;C） over gold‐modified ZSM‐5 was investigated in a small confined fluidized bed at 460 ＆#176;C and ambient pressure. Different Au/ZSM‐5 catalysts were prepared by a modified deposition‐precipitation method by changing the preparation procedure and the amount of gold loading and were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, N2 adsorp‐tion‐desorption, temperature‐programmed desorption of NH3, transmission electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma spectrometer. It was found that a small amount of gold had a posi‐tive effect on the catalytic cracking of light diesel oil and increased propylene production at a rela‐tively low temperature. The maintenance of the ZSM‐5 MFI structure, pore size distribution and the density of weak and strong acid sites of the Au/ZSM‐5 catalysts depended on the preparation pa‐rameters and the Au loading. Simultaneous enhancement of the micro‐activity and propylene pro‐duction relies on a synergy between the pore size distribution and the relative intensity of the weak and strong acid sites. A significant improvement in the micro‐activity index with an increase of 4.5 units and in the propylene selectivity with an increase of 23.2 units was obtained over the Au/ZSM‐5 catalyst with an actual Au loading of 0.17 wt%.展开更多
The elementary reactions of propylene polymerization catalyzed by conventional Ziegler-Natta catalysts was proposed according to the comprehensive view and without considering the effect of any impurity in the materia...The elementary reactions of propylene polymerization catalyzed by conventional Ziegler-Natta catalysts was proposed according to the comprehensive view and without considering the effect of any impurity in the material on propylene polymerization. The Monte Carlo simulation technique was employed to investigate the kinetics of propylene polymerization in order to determine the validity of the stationary state assumption and the effects of the polymerization temperature on the polymerization. The simulated total amount of active species, which only increases quickly at the beginning of the polymerization, indicates that the stationary state assumption in the studied system is valid. Moreover, significant effects of polymerization temperature on the polymerization conversion, and the molecular weight and its distribution were also analyzed. The simulated results show that the consumption rate of propylene increases with the increase of polymerization temperature; the maximum values of the number-average degree of polymerization are constant at different polymerization temperatures, however, the peak appears earlier with the higher temperature; as the polymerization temperature increases, the average molecular weight decreases and the molecular weight distribution changes greatly.展开更多
In order to further study the postpartum care technology of dairy cows,the effects of oral administration of propylene glycol or Ca-P-Mg mixture and compound oral rehydration salts on milk quality and SCC of dairy cow...In order to further study the postpartum care technology of dairy cows,the effects of oral administration of propylene glycol or Ca-P-Mg mixture and compound oral rehydration salts on milk quality and SCC of dairy cows after birth were investigated. The results showed that the milk fat and dry matter contents in the dairy cows administered with Ca-P-Mg mixture and compound oral rehydration salts were higher than those in the dairy cows administered with propylene glycol（P 〈0.05）. However, there were no significant differences in milk sugar and protein contents and SCC between the two administration groups.展开更多
The unsupported Cu and Ag catalysts with different oxidation states were prepared, and their catalytic performances for propylene epoxidation were investigated.The metallic Cu catalyst exhibits much higher catalytic a...The unsupported Cu and Ag catalysts with different oxidation states were prepared, and their catalytic performances for propylene epoxidation were investigated.The metallic Cu catalyst exhibits much higher catalytic activity and propylene oxide(PO) selectivity than Cu2 O and Cu O catalysts.The Cu0 species are the main active sites for propylene epoxidation, but Cu2 O and Cu O species are in favor of CO2 and acrolein production.The PO selectivity of 54.2 % and propylene conversion of 2.6 % can be achieved over the metallic Cu catalyst at 160 °C in initial stage, but metallic Cu catalyst would be oxidized to Cu2 O during propylene epoxidation, resulting in a sharp decrease in the PO selectivity and propylene conversion.Nanosize Ag Cuxbimetallic catalysts were prepared.It is found that adding Ag to the metallic Cu catalysts can prevent the oxidation of Cu and make Ag Cuxbimetallic catalysts more stable under the condition of propylene epoxidation.The Ag/Cu molar ratio can remarkably affect the catalytic performance of Ag Cuxcatalyst and the selectivity to PO and acrolein.After Ag Cuxwas supported on MOx-modified a-Al2O3, its catalytic performance can be improved and has a close relationship with the acid–base property of support.展开更多
Ag‐Cu‐Cl/BaCO3 catalysts with different Cl and Cu loadings, prepared by the reduction deposition impregnation method, were investigated for gas‐phase epoxidation of propylene by molecular oxygen and characterized b...Ag‐Cu‐Cl/BaCO3 catalysts with different Cl and Cu loadings, prepared by the reduction deposition impregnation method, were investigated for gas‐phase epoxidation of propylene by molecular oxygen and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and O2 temperatureprogrammed desorption. Ag‐Cu‐Cl/BaCO3 catalyst with 0.036 wt% Cu and 0.060 wt% Cl exhibitedthe highest catalytic performance for gas‐phase epoxidation of propylene by molecular oxygen. Apropylene oxide selectivity of 83.7% and propylene conversion of 1.2% were achieved under thereaction conditions of 20% C3H6‐10% O2‐70% N2, 200 °C, 0.1 MPa and 3000 h?1. Increasing the Clloading allowed Ag to ensemble easier, whereas changing the Cu loading showed little effect on Agcrystallite size. The appropriate Cl loading of Ag‐Cu‐Cl/BaCO3 catalyst can reduce the dissociationadsorption of oxygen to atomic oxygen species leading to the combustion of propylene to CO2, whichbenefits epoxidation of propylene by molecular oxygen. Excessive Cl loading of Ag‐Cu‐Cl/BaCO3catalyst decreases propylene conversion and propylene oxide selectivity remarkably because of Clpoisoning. The appropriate Cu loading of Ag‐Cu‐Cl/BaCO3 catalyst is efficient for the epoxidation ofpropylene by molecular oxygen, and an excess Cu loading decreases propylene oxide selectivitybecause the aggregation of Cu species increases the exposed surfaces of Ag nanoparticles, whichwas shown by slight increases in atomic oxygen species adsorbed. The appropriate loadings of Cu and Cl of Ag‐Cu‐Cl/BaCO3 catalyst are important to strike the balance between molecular oxygen and atomic oxygen species to create a favorable epoxidation of propylene by molecular oxygen.展开更多
Ansa-Cyclohexyl-bis（4,5,6,7-tertrahydro-l-indenyl） zirconium dichloride （5） was used as catalyst for propylene and ethylene polymerization together with methyl aluminoxane （MAO） as the cocatalyst. Isotactic poly...Ansa-Cyclohexyl-bis（4,5,6,7-tertrahydro-l-indenyl） zirconium dichloride （5） was used as catalyst for propylene and ethylene polymerization together with methyl aluminoxane （MAO） as the cocatalyst. Isotactic polypropylene （PP） was obtained with the highest activity of 6.37× 107g PP （molZr）^-1h^-1. The mesomeso （mmmmm） pentads sequence content of PP was determined by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The dependence of the microstructure on the reaction temperature and the AI/Zr molar ratio was examined and the catalytic activity of complex 5 was compared with that of the similar ansa-zirconocene 3. The high activity of the new zirconocene 5 for propylene isospectic polymerization at high temperature （60℃） is the result of its unique bridged-group structure. Complex 5/MAO displays also high catalytic activity of 0.46× 10^6 to 9.87× 10^6g PE（molZr）^-h^-in the homo-polymerization of ethylene, The visometric molecular weight of PE ranges from 0.97×10^4 to 11.16×10^4 g.mol^- under the given conditions.^13C NMR spectroscopy analysis proves the PE to be linear polyethylene （LPE）.展开更多
A series of acetate ionic liquids were synthesized using a typical two‐step method.The ionic liquids were used as environmentally benign catalysts in the production of propylene glycol ethers from propylene oxide and...A series of acetate ionic liquids were synthesized using a typical two‐step method.The ionic liquids were used as environmentally benign catalysts in the production of propylene glycol ethers from propylene oxide and alcohols under mild conditions.The basic strengths of the ionic liquids were evaluated by determination of their Hammett functions,obtained using ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy,and the relationship between their catalytic activities and basicities was established.The catalytic efficiencies of the ionic liquids were higher than that of the traditional basic catalyst NaOH.This can be attributed to the involvement of a novel reaction mechanism when these ionic liquids are used.A possible electrophilic‐nucleophilic dual activation mechanism was proposed and confirmed using electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry.In addition,the effects of significant reaction parameters such as concentration of catalyst,molar ratio of alcohol to propylene oxide,reaction temperature,and steric hindrance of the alcohol were investigated in detail.展开更多
Selective propylene epoxidation to propylene oxide(PO) with hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) was carried out in a catalytic semi-batch reactor.High propylene epoxidation activity(44 h^(-1)) was observed over Nb based mesopor...Selective propylene epoxidation to propylene oxide(PO) with hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) was carried out in a catalytic semi-batch reactor.High propylene epoxidation activity(44 h^(-1)) was observed over Nb based mesoporous silicate materials Nb-TUD-1 under mild operating conditions.The physical and chemical properties of the Nb based silicates characterized using BET,FTIR,TPD,TEM and UV–Vis revealed that the site isolation and surface acidity are crucial for PO production.Catalyst synthesis methods were investigated for their effects on PO productivity,PO selectivity and H_2O_2 utilization efficiency.It is found that Nb-TUD-1 material synthesized by the sol–gel method is more active and selective than impregnated materials for liquid phase propylene epoxidation.Surface characterization confirms that thus synthesized Nb-TUD-1 catalysts have more Lewis acidity and less Bronsted acidity compared to the catalysts by impregnation.展开更多
A series of Zn–Ca–Al oxides with different CaO and ZnO contents have been prepared and evaluated in the synthesis of propylene carbonate(PC) from 1,2-propylene glycol(PG) and urea in a batch reactor. The effect of c...A series of Zn–Ca–Al oxides with different CaO and ZnO contents have been prepared and evaluated in the synthesis of propylene carbonate(PC) from 1,2-propylene glycol(PG) and urea in a batch reactor. The effect of catalyst composition, basicity and reaction process parameters such as temperature, catalyst dose, molar ratio of PG to urea, purge gas flow and reaction time has been studied to find suitable reaction conditions for the PC synthesis. The PC selectivity and yield under the desired conditions could reach 98.4% and 90.8%, respectively. The best performing catalyst also exhibited a good reusability without appreciable loss in the PC selectivity and yield after five consecutive reaction runs. In addition, a stepwise reaction pathway involving a 2-hydroxypropyl carbamate intermediate was proposed for the urea alcoholysis to PC in the presence of Zn–Ca–Al catalysts, according to the time dependences of reaction intermediates and products.展开更多
The electrocatalytic synthesis of propylene carbonate（PC） from CO2 and propylene oxide（PO） was studied under mild conditions（PCO2=1.01×105 Pa, t=25 ℃）. Influences of solvents, supporting electrolytes, the ...The electrocatalytic synthesis of propylene carbonate（PC） from CO2 and propylene oxide（PO） was studied under mild conditions（PCO2=1.01×105 Pa, t=25 ℃）. Influences of solvents, supporting electrolytes, the passed charge, the nature of electrodes and the current density（j） on the yield of PC were investigated to optimize the electrolytic conditions, with the maximal yield to be 46.2%, the selectivity of propylene carbonate is 100%. The reduction of propylene oxide in the absence and presence of CO2 was examined by cyclic voltammetry. The mechanism of the reaction initiated by the synergistic effect of halides ions of supporting electrolytes with nucleophilicity and the metal ions from scarification anode with Lewis acid acidity was proposed on the basis of our results.展开更多
Copolymerization of propylene and hindered piperidine monomers was carried out over a high activity supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst, using Al(C2H5)(3) as cocatalyst. Factors which affect the copolymerization were stu...Copolymerization of propylene and hindered piperidine monomers was carried out over a high activity supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst, using Al(C2H5)(3) as cocatalyst. Factors which affect the copolymerization were studied, The copolymers exhibited high light stability without adding extra light stabilizers. A self-stabilized polypropylene was prepared.展开更多
A double-effect reactive distillation(DERD)process was proposed for the production of propylene glycol methyl ether from propylene oxide and methanol to overcome the shortcoming of low selectivity and high-energy cons...A double-effect reactive distillation(DERD)process was proposed for the production of propylene glycol methyl ether from propylene oxide and methanol to overcome the shortcoming of low selectivity and high-energy consumption in the tubular plug-flow reactor.A single-column reactive distillation(RD)process was conducted under optimized operating conditions based on sensitivity analysis as a reference.The results demonstrated that the proposed DERD process is able to achieve more than 95%selectivity of the desired product.After that,a design approach of the DERD process with an objective of the minimum operating cost was proposed to achieve further energy savings in the RD process.The proposed DERD configuration can provide a large energy-savings by totally utilization of the overhead vapor steam in the high-pressure RD column.A comparison of the single-column RD process revealed that the proposed DERD process can reduce the operating cost and the total annual cost of 25.3%and 30.7%,respectively,even though the total capital cost of DERD process is larger than that of the RD process.展开更多
It is difficult to separate the methanol and hydrocarbons in the propylene oxide(PO)purification process due to their forming azeotrope.As for this,a novel PO separation process,in that the deionized water is employed...It is difficult to separate the methanol and hydrocarbons in the propylene oxide(PO)purification process due to their forming azeotrope.As for this,a novel PO separation process,in that the deionized water is employed as extractant and 1,2-propylene glycol(MPG)that is formed from the PO hydrolysis reaction is recovered,is presented in this work.The salient feature of this process is that both the non-catalyzed reactions of PO hydrolysis to form MPG and dipropylene glycol(DPG)are simultaneously considered and MPG by-product with high purity is obtained in virtue of the deionized water as reflux liquid and side take-off in MPG column.In addition,the ionic liquid(IL)extractant is screened through the conductorlike screening model for segment activity coefficient(COSMO-SAC)and the comparisons of separation efficiency between the IL and normal octane(nC_(8))extractant for the separation of PO and 2-methylpentane are made.With the non-random two-liquid(NRTL)thermodynamic model,the simulation and optimization design for the full flow sheet are performed and the effects of the key operation parameters such as solvent ratio,theoretical stages,feeding stage etc.on separation efficiency are detailedly discussed.The results show that the mass purity and the mass yield of PO can be up to 99.99%and 99.0%,and the condenser duty,reboiler duty and PO loss in the process with IL extractant can be decreased by 69.66%,30.21%and 78.86%compared to ones with nC_(8).The total annual cost(TAC)calculation also suggests that the TAC would be significantly reduced if using IL in replace of nC_(8) for the investigated process.The presented results would provide a useful guide for improving the quality of PO product and the economic efficiency of industrial plant.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (29792072, 22278441, 22478452)National Key Research and Development Program of China (937) (2006CB202508)the SINOPEC Project (419019-2, 413108)。
文摘Propylene oxide(PO),with its reactive three-membered epoxide functional group,exhibits remarkable functional versatility and serves as a crucial bridge connecting the gaps between fossil energy utilization and chemical intermediate generation for new material innovation [1].For instance,PO's downstream derivatives,such as polyether polyols,carbonic esters,and polyurethanes,are widely utilized in wind power generation,battery electrolytes,solar cells,and CO_(2)-based degradable polymers,contributing to sustainable decarbonization in industry [2].
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22378369 and 22205207)Major Project of Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LD24B060001).
文摘As an important chemical product,propylene(C_(3)H_(6))is widely used in production of many crucial chemical products such as polypropylene.Propane(C_(3)H_(8))is introduced as an inevitable gas impurity during the naphtha cracking in propylene production.At present,thermal-driven energy-intensive cryogenic distillation is the most common purification method in industry.An energy-efficient,cost-effective and environmental-friendly separation technology is required to get polymer grade C_(3)H_(6)(higher than 99.5%).In face of the increasing demand of propylene,new separation technology based on porous adsorbents is expected to be a promising alternative.In recent years,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have obtained attention by their high porosity,regular adjustable pore shape and pore environment and keep making breakthroughs in separation and purification of many industrial gas mixtures,and are thus considered as one of the most potential types of adsorbents.The physical properties of C_(3)H_(6)and C_(3)H_(8),such as boiling point,size and kinetic diameter,are close to each other,making their separation a challenge.Most C_(3)H_(6)/C_(3)H_(8)sieving MOFs based on narrow sieving channels that restrict the access of molecules larger than their confined entrance purify mixtures at the cost of diffusion and capacity.To improve the adsorption of MOFs based on molecular sieving,a novel‘pearl-necklace’strategy was designed,which was named for its connected channel and molecular pocket vividly,but the diffusion limitation remains unsolved.
文摘We report a robust pillar-layered metal-organic framework,Zn‑tfbdc‑dabco(tfbdc:tetrafluoroterephthal-ate,dabco:1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane),featuring the fluorinated pore environment,for the preferential binding of propane over propylene and thus highly inverse selective separation of propane/propylene mixture.The inverse propane-selective performance of Zn‑tfbdc‑dabco for the propane/propylene separation was validated by single-component gas adsorption isotherms,isosteric enthalpy of adsorption calculations,ideal adsorbed solution theory calculations,along with the breakthrough experiment.The customized fluorinated networks served as a propane-trap to form more interactions with the exposed hydrogen atoms of propane,as unveiled by the simulation studies at the molecular level.With the advantage of inverse propane-selective adsorption behavior,high adsorption capacity,good cycling stability,and low isosteric enthalpy of adsorption,Zn‑tfbdc‑dabco can be a promising candidate adsorbent for the challenging propane/propylene separation to realize one-step purification of the target propylene substance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378065,22278077 and 22278076)the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2022J02019).
文摘The production of high-purity propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate(PMA)through the transesterification of propylene glycol monomethyl ether(PM)and methyl acetate(MeOAc)is traditionally catalyzed by sodium methoxide.However,the practical application of this method is significantly hindered by the inherent limitations of sodium methoxide,such as its high sensitivity to moisture and propensity for solid precipitation,which impede its effective use in continuous processes.This work proposed a continuous catalytic distillation(CD)process utilizing Amberlyst 15 cation exchange resin as the catalyst.A comprehensive series of reaction kinetic and CD experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed process.The results demonstrate that under the optimal operating conditions,namely an ester-to-ether molar ratio of 6:1,a refluxratio of 5:1,a total feed rate of 0.92 g‧min^(-1),and an evaporation rate of 266.47 m^(3)‧m^(-2)‧h^(-1),the conversion rate of PM achieves 99.95%,and the PMA yield is 97.31%.Based on these findings,a process flowsheet for a continuous CD process tailored for the production of electronic-grade PMA is presented.This design incorporates light and heavy removal steps to ensure the production of PMA with a purity of 99.99%.Additionally,the process utilizes pressure swing distillation to recover MeOAc,thereby enhancing the overall efficiencyand sustainability of the production process.The proposed continuous CD process offers a highly efficient,cost-effective,and environmentally sustainable solution for the production of electronic-grade PMA.
基金the Fundamental Research Foundation of CAF(CAFYBB2022QB001)National Nature Science Foundation of China(32222058)for financial support.
文摘A novel environmentally benign biphasic system composed of propylene carbonate(PC) and aqueous solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid(p-TsOH aq) was designed for the efficient valorization of lignocellulosic bamboo residues, resulting in more than 95.5% of hemicellulose and 97.2% of lignin digested under mild conditions of 130°C for 1 h. Meanwhile, 91.9% of cellulose was retained with loose structure, followed by 95.8% enzyme hydrolysis yield and 347.9 mg g-1of glucose yield. Notably, the synergistic effect between PC and p-TsOH on efficiency and selectivity was proposed by a control group experiment and subsequently verified, which is believed to be responsible for the simultaneous degradation and separation of lignin and hemicelluloses into oligomeric phenols and pentose, also facilitating subsequent valorization.Furthermore, the novel PC/p-TsOH aq biphasic system demonstrated excellent retrievability and adaptability to different feedstocks, offering a promising green strategy for the efficient valorization of lignocellulosic biomass in industrial biorefineries.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1503602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22288101,U21B20101 and 22172141)+1 种基金the BASF International Network of Centers of Excellence projectthe Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LR24B030001)。
文摘ITR zeolite could be potentially used as catalysts in methanol to propylene(MTP),where their performance is strongly related to its Al distribution.However,the control of Al distribution in ITR zeolite poses a significant synthetic challenge.Herein,we demonstrate the possibility to control the Al distribution in ITR zeolites using zeolite A as an aluminum source(A-ITR).The A-ITR exhibited similar crystallinity,nanosheet morphology,textual parameters,and acidic concentration with those of conventional ITR made zeolites using aluminum isopropoxide as an aluminum source(C-ITR).Characterizations of the zeolite product with^(27)Al MQ.MAS NMR spectra,^(27)Al MAS NMR spectra,and 1-hexene cracking reveal that the A-ITR zeolites have more Al species distributed in T6 and T8 sites located in relatively smaller micropores of the framework than C-ITR.As a result,the A-ITR gave enhanced catalyst lifetime and propylene selectivity due to the suppression of the aromatic cycle in the MTP reaction,compared with the C-ITR.This work provides an alternative approach to prepare efficient ITR zeolites for MTP reaction.
文摘Propylene,a readily accessible and economically viable light olefin,has garnered substantial interest for its potential conversion into valuable higher olefins through oligomerization processes.The distribution of products is profoundly influenced by the catalyst structure.In this study,Fe_(2)O_(3)-doped NiSO_(4)/Al_(2)O_(3) catalysts have been meticulously developed to facilitate the selective trimerization of propylene under mild conditions.Significantly,the 0.25Fe_(2)O_(3)-NiSO_(4)/Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst demonstrates an enhanced reaction rate(48.5 mmol_(C3)/(g_(cat).·h)),alongside a high yield of C9(~32.2%),significantly surpassing the performance of the NiSO_(4)/Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst(C9:~24.1%).The incorporation of Fe_(2)O_(3) modifies the migration process of sulfate ions,altering the Lewis acidity of the electron-deficient Ni and Fe sites on the catalyst and resulting a shift in product distribution from a Schulz-Flory distribution to a Poisson distribution.This shift is primarily ascribed to the heightened energy barrier for theβ-H elimination reaction in the C6 alkyl intermediates on the doped catalyst,further promoting polymerization to yield a greater quantity of Type II C9.Furthermore,the validation of the Cossee-Arlman mechanism within the reaction pathway has been confirmed.It is noteworthy that the 0.25Fe_(2)O_(3)-NiSO_(4)/Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst exhibits remarkable stability exceeding 80 h in the selective trimerization of propylene.These research findings significantly enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying olefin oligomerization reactions and provide invaluable insights for the development of more effective catalysts.
基金supported by the Shandong Taishan Scholarship, the Yantai double-hundreds talents planthe Shandong Natural Science Founda-tion (ZR2015BM006)~~
文摘The catalytic cracking of light diesel oil （235–337 ＆#176;C） over gold‐modified ZSM‐5 was investigated in a small confined fluidized bed at 460 ＆#176;C and ambient pressure. Different Au/ZSM‐5 catalysts were prepared by a modified deposition‐precipitation method by changing the preparation procedure and the amount of gold loading and were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, N2 adsorp‐tion‐desorption, temperature‐programmed desorption of NH3, transmission electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma spectrometer. It was found that a small amount of gold had a posi‐tive effect on the catalytic cracking of light diesel oil and increased propylene production at a rela‐tively low temperature. The maintenance of the ZSM‐5 MFI structure, pore size distribution and the density of weak and strong acid sites of the Au/ZSM‐5 catalysts depended on the preparation pa‐rameters and the Au loading. Simultaneous enhancement of the micro‐activity and propylene pro‐duction relies on a synergy between the pore size distribution and the relative intensity of the weak and strong acid sites. A significant improvement in the micro‐activity index with an increase of 4.5 units and in the propylene selectivity with an increase of 23.2 units was obtained over the Au/ZSM‐5 catalyst with an actual Au loading of 0.17 wt%.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20406016)the Project of Fujian Petrochemical Company of SIN-OPEC (No.MS/FJ-08-JS-15-2005-01).
文摘The elementary reactions of propylene polymerization catalyzed by conventional Ziegler-Natta catalysts was proposed according to the comprehensive view and without considering the effect of any impurity in the material on propylene polymerization. The Monte Carlo simulation technique was employed to investigate the kinetics of propylene polymerization in order to determine the validity of the stationary state assumption and the effects of the polymerization temperature on the polymerization. The simulated total amount of active species, which only increases quickly at the beginning of the polymerization, indicates that the stationary state assumption in the studied system is valid. Moreover, significant effects of polymerization temperature on the polymerization conversion, and the molecular weight and its distribution were also analyzed. The simulated results show that the consumption rate of propylene increases with the increase of polymerization temperature; the maximum values of the number-average degree of polymerization are constant at different polymerization temperatures, however, the peak appears earlier with the higher temperature; as the polymerization temperature increases, the average molecular weight decreases and the molecular weight distribution changes greatly.
基金Supported by Technology Research,Demonstration and Promotion Project of Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture(XY-YF-14-17,XY-YF-14-11)~~
文摘In order to further study the postpartum care technology of dairy cows,the effects of oral administration of propylene glycol or Ca-P-Mg mixture and compound oral rehydration salts on milk quality and SCC of dairy cows after birth were investigated. The results showed that the milk fat and dry matter contents in the dairy cows administered with Ca-P-Mg mixture and compound oral rehydration salts were higher than those in the dairy cows administered with propylene glycol（P 〈0.05）. However, there were no significant differences in milk sugar and protein contents and SCC between the two administration groups.
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2010CB732300)
文摘The unsupported Cu and Ag catalysts with different oxidation states were prepared, and their catalytic performances for propylene epoxidation were investigated.The metallic Cu catalyst exhibits much higher catalytic activity and propylene oxide(PO) selectivity than Cu2 O and Cu O catalysts.The Cu0 species are the main active sites for propylene epoxidation, but Cu2 O and Cu O species are in favor of CO2 and acrolein production.The PO selectivity of 54.2 % and propylene conversion of 2.6 % can be achieved over the metallic Cu catalyst at 160 °C in initial stage, but metallic Cu catalyst would be oxidized to Cu2 O during propylene epoxidation, resulting in a sharp decrease in the PO selectivity and propylene conversion.Nanosize Ag Cuxbimetallic catalysts were prepared.It is found that adding Ag to the metallic Cu catalysts can prevent the oxidation of Cu and make Ag Cuxbimetallic catalysts more stable under the condition of propylene epoxidation.The Ag/Cu molar ratio can remarkably affect the catalytic performance of Ag Cuxcatalyst and the selectivity to PO and acrolein.After Ag Cuxwas supported on MOx-modified a-Al2O3, its catalytic performance can be improved and has a close relationship with the acid–base property of support.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB933200)Commission of Science and Technology of Shanghai Municipality (15DZ1205305)~~
文摘Ag‐Cu‐Cl/BaCO3 catalysts with different Cl and Cu loadings, prepared by the reduction deposition impregnation method, were investigated for gas‐phase epoxidation of propylene by molecular oxygen and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and O2 temperatureprogrammed desorption. Ag‐Cu‐Cl/BaCO3 catalyst with 0.036 wt% Cu and 0.060 wt% Cl exhibitedthe highest catalytic performance for gas‐phase epoxidation of propylene by molecular oxygen. Apropylene oxide selectivity of 83.7% and propylene conversion of 1.2% were achieved under thereaction conditions of 20% C3H6‐10% O2‐70% N2, 200 °C, 0.1 MPa and 3000 h?1. Increasing the Clloading allowed Ag to ensemble easier, whereas changing the Cu loading showed little effect on Agcrystallite size. The appropriate Cl loading of Ag‐Cu‐Cl/BaCO3 catalyst can reduce the dissociationadsorption of oxygen to atomic oxygen species leading to the combustion of propylene to CO2, whichbenefits epoxidation of propylene by molecular oxygen. Excessive Cl loading of Ag‐Cu‐Cl/BaCO3catalyst decreases propylene conversion and propylene oxide selectivity remarkably because of Clpoisoning. The appropriate Cu loading of Ag‐Cu‐Cl/BaCO3 catalyst is efficient for the epoxidation ofpropylene by molecular oxygen, and an excess Cu loading decreases propylene oxide selectivitybecause the aggregation of Cu species increases the exposed surfaces of Ag nanoparticles, whichwas shown by slight increases in atomic oxygen species adsorbed. The appropriate loadings of Cu and Cl of Ag‐Cu‐Cl/BaCO3 catalyst are important to strike the balance between molecular oxygen and atomic oxygen species to create a favorable epoxidation of propylene by molecular oxygen.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20374043)SINOPEC(X501025)
文摘Ansa-Cyclohexyl-bis（4,5,6,7-tertrahydro-l-indenyl） zirconium dichloride （5） was used as catalyst for propylene and ethylene polymerization together with methyl aluminoxane （MAO） as the cocatalyst. Isotactic polypropylene （PP） was obtained with the highest activity of 6.37× 107g PP （molZr）^-1h^-1. The mesomeso （mmmmm） pentads sequence content of PP was determined by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The dependence of the microstructure on the reaction temperature and the AI/Zr molar ratio was examined and the catalytic activity of complex 5 was compared with that of the similar ansa-zirconocene 3. The high activity of the new zirconocene 5 for propylene isospectic polymerization at high temperature （60℃） is the result of its unique bridged-group structure. Complex 5/MAO displays also high catalytic activity of 0.46× 10^6 to 9.87× 10^6g PE（molZr）^-h^-in the homo-polymerization of ethylene, The visometric molecular weight of PE ranges from 0.97×10^4 to 11.16×10^4 g.mol^- under the given conditions.^13C NMR spectroscopy analysis proves the PE to be linear polyethylene （LPE）.
基金supported by the One Hundred Talent Program of CASthe National Natural Science Foundation of China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Joint Fund(U1662129)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91434203)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDY-SSW-JSC011)~~
文摘A series of acetate ionic liquids were synthesized using a typical two‐step method.The ionic liquids were used as environmentally benign catalysts in the production of propylene glycol ethers from propylene oxide and alcohols under mild conditions.The basic strengths of the ionic liquids were evaluated by determination of their Hammett functions,obtained using ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy,and the relationship between their catalytic activities and basicities was established.The catalytic efficiencies of the ionic liquids were higher than that of the traditional basic catalyst NaOH.This can be attributed to the involvement of a novel reaction mechanism when these ionic liquids are used.A possible electrophilic‐nucleophilic dual activation mechanism was proposed and confirmed using electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry.In addition,the effects of significant reaction parameters such as concentration of catalyst,molar ratio of alcohol to propylene oxide,reaction temperature,and steric hindrance of the alcohol were investigated in detail.
基金Supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017 M612374)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2017BB007)+5 种基金the Postdoctoral Research Funding of Shandong Province(201703016)the Qingdao Postdoctoral Research Funding(BY20170210)the Fundamental Research Funding of Qingdao(17-1-1-67-jch,17-1-1-80-jch)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(18CX02145A,17CX02017A)the New Faculty Start-up Funding from China University of Petroleum(YJ201601058)the Natural Science Foundation of China(21606254)
文摘Selective propylene epoxidation to propylene oxide(PO) with hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) was carried out in a catalytic semi-batch reactor.High propylene epoxidation activity(44 h^(-1)) was observed over Nb based mesoporous silicate materials Nb-TUD-1 under mild operating conditions.The physical and chemical properties of the Nb based silicates characterized using BET,FTIR,TPD,TEM and UV–Vis revealed that the site isolation and surface acidity are crucial for PO production.Catalyst synthesis methods were investigated for their effects on PO productivity,PO selectivity and H_2O_2 utilization efficiency.It is found that Nb-TUD-1 material synthesized by the sol–gel method is more active and selective than impregnated materials for liquid phase propylene epoxidation.Surface characterization confirms that thus synthesized Nb-TUD-1 catalysts have more Lewis acidity and less Bronsted acidity compared to the catalysts by impregnation.
基金Supported by the Changcheng Scholars Program of Beijing(CIT&TCD 20150316)
文摘A series of Zn–Ca–Al oxides with different CaO and ZnO contents have been prepared and evaluated in the synthesis of propylene carbonate(PC) from 1,2-propylene glycol(PG) and urea in a batch reactor. The effect of catalyst composition, basicity and reaction process parameters such as temperature, catalyst dose, molar ratio of PG to urea, purge gas flow and reaction time has been studied to find suitable reaction conditions for the PC synthesis. The PC selectivity and yield under the desired conditions could reach 98.4% and 90.8%, respectively. The best performing catalyst also exhibited a good reusability without appreciable loss in the PC selectivity and yield after five consecutive reaction runs. In addition, a stepwise reaction pathway involving a 2-hydroxypropyl carbamate intermediate was proposed for the urea alcoholysis to PC in the presence of Zn–Ca–Al catalysts, according to the time dependences of reaction intermediates and products.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20973065)the Fund of Basic Research in Natural Science Issued by Shanghai Municipal Committee of Science+4 种基金 China(No.08dj1400100)the Shanghai Leading Project China (No.B409)the Foundation of Outstanding Young Talent in University of Anhui Province China No.2010SQRL042)
文摘The electrocatalytic synthesis of propylene carbonate（PC） from CO2 and propylene oxide（PO） was studied under mild conditions（PCO2=1.01×105 Pa, t=25 ℃）. Influences of solvents, supporting electrolytes, the passed charge, the nature of electrodes and the current density（j） on the yield of PC were investigated to optimize the electrolytic conditions, with the maximal yield to be 46.2%, the selectivity of propylene carbonate is 100%. The reduction of propylene oxide in the absence and presence of CO2 was examined by cyclic voltammetry. The mechanism of the reaction initiated by the synergistic effect of halides ions of supporting electrolytes with nucleophilicity and the metal ions from scarification anode with Lewis acid acidity was proposed on the basis of our results.
文摘Copolymerization of propylene and hindered piperidine monomers was carried out over a high activity supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst, using Al(C2H5)(3) as cocatalyst. Factors which affect the copolymerization were studied, The copolymers exhibited high light stability without adding extra light stabilizers. A self-stabilized polypropylene was prepared.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(21878315 and 21808223)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0206803)+3 种基金Innovation Academy for Green ManufactureCAS(IAGM2020C17)K.C.Wong Education Foundation(GJTD-2018-04)。
文摘A double-effect reactive distillation(DERD)process was proposed for the production of propylene glycol methyl ether from propylene oxide and methanol to overcome the shortcoming of low selectivity and high-energy consumption in the tubular plug-flow reactor.A single-column reactive distillation(RD)process was conducted under optimized operating conditions based on sensitivity analysis as a reference.The results demonstrated that the proposed DERD process is able to achieve more than 95%selectivity of the desired product.After that,a design approach of the DERD process with an objective of the minimum operating cost was proposed to achieve further energy savings in the RD process.The proposed DERD configuration can provide a large energy-savings by totally utilization of the overhead vapor steam in the high-pressure RD column.A comparison of the single-column RD process revealed that the proposed DERD process can reduce the operating cost and the total annual cost of 25.3%and 30.7%,respectively,even though the total capital cost of DERD process is larger than that of the RD process.
基金provided by the National Key Research and Devolopment Program of China(2017YFB0702800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21878025, 22078026)。
文摘It is difficult to separate the methanol and hydrocarbons in the propylene oxide(PO)purification process due to their forming azeotrope.As for this,a novel PO separation process,in that the deionized water is employed as extractant and 1,2-propylene glycol(MPG)that is formed from the PO hydrolysis reaction is recovered,is presented in this work.The salient feature of this process is that both the non-catalyzed reactions of PO hydrolysis to form MPG and dipropylene glycol(DPG)are simultaneously considered and MPG by-product with high purity is obtained in virtue of the deionized water as reflux liquid and side take-off in MPG column.In addition,the ionic liquid(IL)extractant is screened through the conductorlike screening model for segment activity coefficient(COSMO-SAC)and the comparisons of separation efficiency between the IL and normal octane(nC_(8))extractant for the separation of PO and 2-methylpentane are made.With the non-random two-liquid(NRTL)thermodynamic model,the simulation and optimization design for the full flow sheet are performed and the effects of the key operation parameters such as solvent ratio,theoretical stages,feeding stage etc.on separation efficiency are detailedly discussed.The results show that the mass purity and the mass yield of PO can be up to 99.99%and 99.0%,and the condenser duty,reboiler duty and PO loss in the process with IL extractant can be decreased by 69.66%,30.21%and 78.86%compared to ones with nC_(8).The total annual cost(TAC)calculation also suggests that the TAC would be significantly reduced if using IL in replace of nC_(8) for the investigated process.The presented results would provide a useful guide for improving the quality of PO product and the economic efficiency of industrial plant.
