China’s economy is expected to remain stable throughout 2025.According to projections by the Center for Forecasting Science of the Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science under the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chin...China’s economy is expected to remain stable throughout 2025.According to projections by the Center for Forecasting Science of the Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science under the Chinese Academy of Sciences,China’s GDP(gross domestic product)growth should settle at around 4.8 percent this year and will likely hit 5 percent if the government’s stimulus package is effectively implemented.I personally believe that the Chinese economy will maintain growth of about 4.6 percent in 2025 with robust performance in the first and fourth quarters and slower economic activity in the second and third quarters.展开更多
In this article, linear regular index 2 DAEs A（t）[D（t）x（t）]＇ ＋ B（t）x（t） = q（t） are considered. Using a decoupling technique, initial condition and boundary condition are properly formulated. Regular inde...In this article, linear regular index 2 DAEs A（t）[D（t）x（t）]＇ ＋ B（t）x（t） = q（t） are considered. Using a decoupling technique, initial condition and boundary condition are properly formulated. Regular index 1 DAEs are obtained by a regularization method. We study the behavior of the solution of the regularization system via asymptotic expansions. The error analysis between the solutions of the DAEs and its regularization system is given.展开更多
Since October 2008,China's social consumption of electricity had,for the first time,grown negatively compared to the same period of the previous year,and in November the negative growth range further expanded. The...Since October 2008,China's social consumption of electricity had,for the first time,grown negatively compared to the same period of the previous year,and in November the negative growth range further expanded. The major pressure faced by the electricity industry has now turned from the contradiction between coal and electricity to electricity quantity. This is undoubtedly a true and new test to electricity enterprises which get used to high growth but are now suffering great losses. The reform of electricity system has already been in great difficulties and now is getting into a more serious situation. In order to help readers improve their knowledge and understanding of the current tough situation faced by the electricity industry and discuss how to alleviate and get through the difficulty resulted from the economic crisis "encountered once every one hundred years" by joint efforts of all parties concerned,a Seminar on Crisis and Countermeasures for Electricity Industry was held on November 20,2008. Here are some extracts from the speeches of four experts.展开更多
The wastewater discharged from the 1.0 Mt/a ethylene unit at Maoming Petrochemical Company was separated according to its quality, and a major part ofwastewater with better quality was properly treated via the process...The wastewater discharged from the 1.0 Mt/a ethylene unit at Maoming Petrochemical Company was separated according to its quality, and a major part ofwastewater with better quality was properly treated via the process of＂IRABF ＋ high-efficiency fiber filtering ＋ disinfection＂ to make the wastewater quality comply with the quality of recycled cooling water, so that the technique for reused petrochemical wastewater was more reliable technically and more reasonable economically,展开更多
In this paper, the classical concept of properly divergent is generalized, thereby a theorem of power series is extended into a very general case, and its applications in various series of complex functions are discus...In this paper, the classical concept of properly divergent is generalized, thereby a theorem of power series is extended into a very general case, and its applications in various series of complex functions are discussed.展开更多
Let G be a properly edge-colored graph. A rainbow matching of G is a matching in which no two edges have the same color. Let 5 denote the minimum degree of G. We show that if Iv（G）I 〉 （σ2 ＋ 14σ ＋ 1）/4, then G...Let G be a properly edge-colored graph. A rainbow matching of G is a matching in which no two edges have the same color. Let 5 denote the minimum degree of G. We show that if Iv（G）I 〉 （σ2 ＋ 14σ ＋ 1）/4, then G has a rainbow matching of size 6, which answers a question asked by G. Wang [Electron. J. Combin., 2011, 18： #N162] affirmatively. In addition, we prove that if G is a properly colored bipartite graph with bipartition （X, Y） and max{lXl, IYI} 〉 （σ2 ＋ 4σ - 4）/4, then G has a rainbow matching of size σ.展开更多
The viscosity of anti-irradiated glass was quantitatively characterized using beam bending viscometry(BBV),parallel plate viscometry(PPV),and rotational viscometry(RV).The Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann(VFT)equation was determ...The viscosity of anti-irradiated glass was quantitatively characterized using beam bending viscometry(BBV),parallel plate viscometry(PPV),and rotational viscometry(RV).The Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann(VFT)equation was determined to be the most suitable for representing the viscosity-temperature characteristics of anti-irradiation glass by comparing the fitting effects and accuracy of different equations within different test ranges.The fragility index m of anti-irradiation glass was 47.5,as calculated using an Angell plot,and the cause of the appropriate fit of the VFT equation was analyzed.The effects of different heating temperatures and loading rates on the tensile properties of glass were studied using a universal testing machine.The results indicated that,at a tensile rate of 10 mm/s,the heating temperature increased from 903 to 1023 K,and the deformation process of anti-irradiation glass transitioned from unstable to stable.When the tensile rate increased from 10 to 30 mm/s at 1023 K,the deformation process of the glass was extremely unstable.This work provides theoretical guidance for the large-size preparation of flexible anti-irradiation glass.展开更多
Bends contribute to a flexible layout of pipeline system,but also lead to intensive energy costs due to the complex flow characteristic.This experimental study is conducted to investigate the impact of a single coarse...Bends contribute to a flexible layout of pipeline system,but also lead to intensive energy costs due to the complex flow characteristic.This experimental study is conducted to investigate the impact of a single coarse particle on the flow field in a bend.The velocity profiles of fluid on the axial symmetry plane of the bend are measured using time-resolved particle image velocimetry.The flow structures are extracted using the proper orthogonal decomposition method.The results reveal that there is a shear-layer flow in the bend during the transportation.With the increase in particle size,the particle has a dominant influence on the flow energy distribution of the overall flow.The impact of particles on the first few energetic flows is mainly in the latter part of the transportation,both temporally and spatially.As the particle size decreases,the most energetic unsteady flow within the bend changes from the convective flow to the flow of the shear layer.展开更多
This study experimentally investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics,geometric configurations,fluttering motions of the codend,and the instantaneous flow fields inside and around the codend,with and without a liner...This study experimentally investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics,geometric configurations,fluttering motions of the codend,and the instantaneous flow fields inside and around the codend,with and without a liner,under varying catch sizes and inflow velocities.A proper orthogonal decomposition method is employed to extract phase-averaged mean properties of unsteady turbulent flows from flow measurement data obtained using an electromagnetic current velocity meter inside and around the codend.The results reveal that as catch size increases,the drag force,codend motion,Reynolds number,and codend volume increase while the drag coefficient decreases.Owing to the codend shape and pronounced motion,a complex fluid–structure interaction occurs,demonstrating a strong correlation between drag force and codend volume.The oscillation amplitudes of the hydrodynamic forces and codend motions increase with increasing catch size,and their oscillations mainly involve low-frequency activity.A significant reduction in the flow field occurs inside and around the unlined codend without a catch.The flow field is 5.81%,14.39%,and 27.01%lower than the unlined codend with a catch,the codend with a liner but without a catch,and the codend with both a liner and a catch,respectively.Fourier analysis reveals that the codend motions and hydrodynamic forces are mainly characterized by low-frequency activity and are synchronized with the unsteady turbulent flow street.Furthermore,the proper orthogonal decomposition results reveal the development of unsteady turbulent flow inside and around the codend,driven by flow passage blockage caused by the presence of the liner,intense codend motions,and the catch.Understanding the hydrodynamic characteristics and flow instabilities inside and around the codend,particularly those associated with its fluttering motions,is crucial for optimizing trawl design and improving trawl selectivity.展开更多
A proper conflict-free k-coloring of a graph is a proper k-coloring in which each nonisolated vertex has a color that appears ex-actly once in its open neighborhood.A graph is PCF k-colorable if it admits a proper con...A proper conflict-free k-coloring of a graph is a proper k-coloring in which each nonisolated vertex has a color that appears ex-actly once in its open neighborhood.A graph is PCF k-colorable if it admits a proper conflict-free k-coloring.The PCF chromatic number of a graph G,denoted by χ_(pcf)(G),is the minimum k such that G is PCF k-colorable.Caro et al conjectured that for a connected graph G with maximum degreeΔ≥3,χ_(pcf)(G)≤Δ+1.One case in this conjecture,a connected graph with maximum degree 3 is PCF 4-colorable,can be derived from the result of Liu and Yu.Jiménez et al stated that the upper bound of PCF chromatic number of a graph G is max{5,x(G)}without a proof.In this paper,we give new proofs of the two results above and derive that for a connected graph G with maximum degreeΔ≥3,its complete subdivision is PCF(Δ+1)-colorable.展开更多
Jacket platforms constitute the foundational infrastructure of offshore oil and gas field exploitation.How to efficiently and accurately monitor the mechanical properties of jacket structures is one of the key problem...Jacket platforms constitute the foundational infrastructure of offshore oil and gas field exploitation.How to efficiently and accurately monitor the mechanical properties of jacket structures is one of the key problems to be solved to ensure the safe operation of the platform.To address the practical engineering problem that it is difficult to monitor the stress response of the tubular joints of jacket platforms online,a digital twin reduced-order method for real-time prediction of the stress response of tubular joints is proposed.In the offline construction phase,multi-scale modeling and multi-parameter experimental design methods are used to obtain the stress response data set of the jacket structure.Proper orthogonal decomposition is employed to extract the main feature information from the snapshot matrix,resulting in a reduced-order basis.The leave-one-out cross-validation method is used to select the optimal modal order for constructing the reduced-order model(ROM).In the online prediction phase,a digital twin model of the tubular joint is established,and the prediction performance of the ROM is analyzed and verified through using random environmental load and field environmental monitoring data.The results indicate that,compared with traditional numerical simulations of tubular joints,the ROM based on the proposed reduced-order method is more efficient in predicting the stress response of tubular joints while ensuring accuracy and robustness.展开更多
A novel gappy technology, gappy autoencoder with proper orthogonal decomposition(Gappy POD-AE), is proposed for reconstructing physical fields from sparse data. High-dimensional data are reduced via proper orthogonal ...A novel gappy technology, gappy autoencoder with proper orthogonal decomposition(Gappy POD-AE), is proposed for reconstructing physical fields from sparse data. High-dimensional data are reduced via proper orthogonal decomposition(POD),and low-dimensional data are used to train an autoencoder(AE). By integrating the POD operator with the decoder, a nonlinear solution form is established and incorporated into a new maximum-a-posteriori(MAP)-based objective for online reconstruction.The numerical results on the two-dimensional(2D) Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook-Boltzmann(BGK-Boltzmann) equation, wave equation, shallow-water equation, and satellite data show that Gappy POD-AE achieves higher accuracy than gappy proper orthogonal decomposition(Gappy POD), especially for the data with slowly decaying singular values,and is more efficient in training than gappy autoencoder(Gappy AE). The MAP-based formulation and new gappy procedure further enhance the reconstruction accuracy.展开更多
The Chinese Space Station Survey Telescope(CSST)presents significant potential for high-precision astrometry.In this study,we show that the point-spread function(PSF)modeled by the discrete PSF with Multi-Gaussian fun...The Chinese Space Station Survey Telescope(CSST)presents significant potential for high-precision astrometry.In this study,we show that the point-spread function(PSF)modeled by the discrete PSF with Multi-Gaussian function can effectively enhance the astrometric accuracy.We determine that the PSF profile can be accurately modeled by three Gaussians,which takes advantage of reduced computational complexity in PSF convolution.In sparse star fields,the lowest centering accuracy we obtain after aberration correction can be below 1 mas.We find that the proper motion errors remain below 1.0 mas yr^(-1)for point sources with five observations and approximately 0.8 mas yr^(-1)for seven observations with a time baseline of around 3.5 yr.We finally demonstrate that the precision of our position measurements for stars fainter than 21 mag in the simulated CSST crowded field is better than the results from both SExtractor and DOLPHOT.展开更多
The authors of this article are interested in characterization of efficient solutions for special classes of problems. These classes consider semi-strong E-convexity of involved functions. Sufficient and necessary con...The authors of this article are interested in characterization of efficient solutions for special classes of problems. These classes consider semi-strong E-convexity of involved functions. Sufficient and necessary conditions for a feasible solution to be an efficient or properly efficient solution are obtained.展开更多
Correction to:NUCL SCI TECH(2023)34:63 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-023-01213-3 While typesetting,reference[16]in the list has not been properly placed in the proof.The orders of the references[13-16]were mistaken b...Correction to:NUCL SCI TECH(2023)34:63 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-023-01213-3 While typesetting,reference[16]in the list has not been properly placed in the proof.The orders of the references[13-16]were mistaken by the production.The correct order of the references is.展开更多
Whether the goal is to meet global challenges or to enable a paradigm shift,it is always essential for science to move beyond conventional thinking.Moreover,the mutually beneficial interactions between global challeng...Whether the goal is to meet global challenges or to enable a paradigm shift,it is always essential for science to move beyond conventional thinking.Moreover,the mutually beneficial interactions between global challenges and paradigm shifts require a great deal of effort.To this end,it is imperative for the scientific community not only to respond to major challenges by shifting paradigms in science but also to drive paradigm shifts in science by responding to major challenges.This aim sets a higher bar for scientists as,in order to achieve it,we must properly identify the scientific questions in research and better utilize existing knowledge.At present,however,we are not paying sufficient attention to this aim,nor are we sufficiently competent in this regard.It is essential for the global scientific community to pay more attention to these interconnected issues of global challenges and paradigm shifts.展开更多
Urinary bladder neural dysfunction (UBND) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. When urinary bladder paralysis develops, urinary system infection readily occurs. If the infection is not treated properly, seri...Urinary bladder neural dysfunction (UBND) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. When urinary bladder paralysis develops, urinary system infection readily occurs. If the infection is not treated properly, serious sequelae will happen. Western doctors primarily use展开更多
文摘China’s economy is expected to remain stable throughout 2025.According to projections by the Center for Forecasting Science of the Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science under the Chinese Academy of Sciences,China’s GDP(gross domestic product)growth should settle at around 4.8 percent this year and will likely hit 5 percent if the government’s stimulus package is effectively implemented.I personally believe that the Chinese economy will maintain growth of about 4.6 percent in 2025 with robust performance in the first and fourth quarters and slower economic activity in the second and third quarters.
基金Project supported by the Foundation for the Authors of the National Excellent Doctoral Thesis Award of China (200720)
文摘In this article, linear regular index 2 DAEs A（t）[D（t）x（t）]＇ ＋ B（t）x（t） = q（t） are considered. Using a decoupling technique, initial condition and boundary condition are properly formulated. Regular index 1 DAEs are obtained by a regularization method. We study the behavior of the solution of the regularization system via asymptotic expansions. The error analysis between the solutions of the DAEs and its regularization system is given.
文摘Since October 2008,China's social consumption of electricity had,for the first time,grown negatively compared to the same period of the previous year,and in November the negative growth range further expanded. The major pressure faced by the electricity industry has now turned from the contradiction between coal and electricity to electricity quantity. This is undoubtedly a true and new test to electricity enterprises which get used to high growth but are now suffering great losses. The reform of electricity system has already been in great difficulties and now is getting into a more serious situation. In order to help readers improve their knowledge and understanding of the current tough situation faced by the electricity industry and discuss how to alleviate and get through the difficulty resulted from the economic crisis "encountered once every one hundred years" by joint efforts of all parties concerned,a Seminar on Crisis and Countermeasures for Electricity Industry was held on November 20,2008. Here are some extracts from the speeches of four experts.
文摘The wastewater discharged from the 1.0 Mt/a ethylene unit at Maoming Petrochemical Company was separated according to its quality, and a major part ofwastewater with better quality was properly treated via the process of＂IRABF ＋ high-efficiency fiber filtering ＋ disinfection＂ to make the wastewater quality comply with the quality of recycled cooling water, so that the technique for reused petrochemical wastewater was more reliable technically and more reasonable economically,
文摘In this paper, the classical concept of properly divergent is generalized, thereby a theorem of power series is extended into a very general case, and its applications in various series of complex functions are discussed.
文摘Let G be a properly edge-colored graph. A rainbow matching of G is a matching in which no two edges have the same color. Let 5 denote the minimum degree of G. We show that if Iv（G）I 〉 （σ2 ＋ 14σ ＋ 1）/4, then G has a rainbow matching of size 6, which answers a question asked by G. Wang [Electron. J. Combin., 2011, 18： #N162] affirmatively. In addition, we prove that if G is a properly colored bipartite graph with bipartition （X, Y） and max{lXl, IYI} 〉 （σ2 ＋ 4σ - 4）/4, then G has a rainbow matching of size σ.
基金Funded by the China Building Material Federation Projects(Nos.20221JBGS06-19,2023JBGS02-01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2241236)。
文摘The viscosity of anti-irradiated glass was quantitatively characterized using beam bending viscometry(BBV),parallel plate viscometry(PPV),and rotational viscometry(RV).The Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann(VFT)equation was determined to be the most suitable for representing the viscosity-temperature characteristics of anti-irradiation glass by comparing the fitting effects and accuracy of different equations within different test ranges.The fragility index m of anti-irradiation glass was 47.5,as calculated using an Angell plot,and the cause of the appropriate fit of the VFT equation was analyzed.The effects of different heating temperatures and loading rates on the tensile properties of glass were studied using a universal testing machine.The results indicated that,at a tensile rate of 10 mm/s,the heating temperature increased from 903 to 1023 K,and the deformation process of anti-irradiation glass transitioned from unstable to stable.When the tensile rate increased from 10 to 30 mm/s at 1023 K,the deformation process of the glass was extremely unstable.This work provides theoretical guidance for the large-size preparation of flexible anti-irradiation glass.
基金supported by the Hainan Provincial Joint Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(Grant No.2021CXLH0003)the Innovational Fund for Scientific and Technological Personnel of Hainan Province(Grant No.KJRC2023D37).
文摘Bends contribute to a flexible layout of pipeline system,but also lead to intensive energy costs due to the complex flow characteristic.This experimental study is conducted to investigate the impact of a single coarse particle on the flow field in a bend.The velocity profiles of fluid on the axial symmetry plane of the bend are measured using time-resolved particle image velocimetry.The flow structures are extracted using the proper orthogonal decomposition method.The results reveal that there is a shear-layer flow in the bend during the transportation.With the increase in particle size,the particle has a dominant influence on the flow energy distribution of the overall flow.The impact of particles on the first few energetic flows is mainly in the latter part of the transportation,both temporally and spatially.As the particle size decreases,the most energetic unsteady flow within the bend changes from the convective flow to the flow of the shear layer.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32373187)the Research Fund for International Scientists of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32350410404)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.23ZR1427000).
文摘This study experimentally investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics,geometric configurations,fluttering motions of the codend,and the instantaneous flow fields inside and around the codend,with and without a liner,under varying catch sizes and inflow velocities.A proper orthogonal decomposition method is employed to extract phase-averaged mean properties of unsteady turbulent flows from flow measurement data obtained using an electromagnetic current velocity meter inside and around the codend.The results reveal that as catch size increases,the drag force,codend motion,Reynolds number,and codend volume increase while the drag coefficient decreases.Owing to the codend shape and pronounced motion,a complex fluid–structure interaction occurs,demonstrating a strong correlation between drag force and codend volume.The oscillation amplitudes of the hydrodynamic forces and codend motions increase with increasing catch size,and their oscillations mainly involve low-frequency activity.A significant reduction in the flow field occurs inside and around the unlined codend without a catch.The flow field is 5.81%,14.39%,and 27.01%lower than the unlined codend with a catch,the codend with a liner but without a catch,and the codend with both a liner and a catch,respectively.Fourier analysis reveals that the codend motions and hydrodynamic forces are mainly characterized by low-frequency activity and are synchronized with the unsteady turbulent flow street.Furthermore,the proper orthogonal decomposition results reveal the development of unsteady turbulent flow inside and around the codend,driven by flow passage blockage caused by the presence of the liner,intense codend motions,and the catch.Understanding the hydrodynamic characteristics and flow instabilities inside and around the codend,particularly those associated with its fluttering motions,is crucial for optimizing trawl design and improving trawl selectivity.
基金Supported by the Youth Fund of Lanzhou Jiaotong University(1200061328)。
文摘A proper conflict-free k-coloring of a graph is a proper k-coloring in which each nonisolated vertex has a color that appears ex-actly once in its open neighborhood.A graph is PCF k-colorable if it admits a proper conflict-free k-coloring.The PCF chromatic number of a graph G,denoted by χ_(pcf)(G),is the minimum k such that G is PCF k-colorable.Caro et al conjectured that for a connected graph G with maximum degreeΔ≥3,χ_(pcf)(G)≤Δ+1.One case in this conjecture,a connected graph with maximum degree 3 is PCF 4-colorable,can be derived from the result of Liu and Yu.Jiménez et al stated that the upper bound of PCF chromatic number of a graph G is max{5,x(G)}without a proof.In this paper,we give new proofs of the two results above and derive that for a connected graph G with maximum degreeΔ≥3,its complete subdivision is PCF(Δ+1)-colorable.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11472076).
文摘Jacket platforms constitute the foundational infrastructure of offshore oil and gas field exploitation.How to efficiently and accurately monitor the mechanical properties of jacket structures is one of the key problems to be solved to ensure the safe operation of the platform.To address the practical engineering problem that it is difficult to monitor the stress response of the tubular joints of jacket platforms online,a digital twin reduced-order method for real-time prediction of the stress response of tubular joints is proposed.In the offline construction phase,multi-scale modeling and multi-parameter experimental design methods are used to obtain the stress response data set of the jacket structure.Proper orthogonal decomposition is employed to extract the main feature information from the snapshot matrix,resulting in a reduced-order basis.The leave-one-out cross-validation method is used to select the optimal modal order for constructing the reduced-order model(ROM).In the online prediction phase,a digital twin model of the tubular joint is established,and the prediction performance of the ROM is analyzed and verified through using random environmental load and field environmental monitoring data.The results indicate that,compared with traditional numerical simulations of tubular joints,the ROM based on the proposed reduced-order method is more efficient in predicting the stress response of tubular joints while ensuring accuracy and robustness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12472197)。
文摘A novel gappy technology, gappy autoencoder with proper orthogonal decomposition(Gappy POD-AE), is proposed for reconstructing physical fields from sparse data. High-dimensional data are reduced via proper orthogonal decomposition(POD),and low-dimensional data are used to train an autoencoder(AE). By integrating the POD operator with the decoder, a nonlinear solution form is established and incorporated into a new maximum-a-posteriori(MAP)-based objective for online reconstruction.The numerical results on the two-dimensional(2D) Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook-Boltzmann(BGK-Boltzmann) equation, wave equation, shallow-water equation, and satellite data show that Gappy POD-AE achieves higher accuracy than gappy proper orthogonal decomposition(Gappy POD), especially for the data with slowly decaying singular values,and is more efficient in training than gappy autoencoder(Gappy AE). The MAP-based formulation and new gappy procedure further enhance the reconstruction accuracy.
基金supported by the China Manned Space Program with grant No.CMS-CSST-2025-A11,No.CMSCSST-2025-A19 and No.CMS-CSST-2021-A08supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)with grant No.12073047+2 种基金supported by the NSFC with grant Nos.12103062 and 12173046supported by the NSFC with grant Nos.12373033,12447204 and 12542019the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project。
文摘The Chinese Space Station Survey Telescope(CSST)presents significant potential for high-precision astrometry.In this study,we show that the point-spread function(PSF)modeled by the discrete PSF with Multi-Gaussian function can effectively enhance the astrometric accuracy.We determine that the PSF profile can be accurately modeled by three Gaussians,which takes advantage of reduced computational complexity in PSF convolution.In sparse star fields,the lowest centering accuracy we obtain after aberration correction can be below 1 mas.We find that the proper motion errors remain below 1.0 mas yr^(-1)for point sources with five observations and approximately 0.8 mas yr^(-1)for seven observations with a time baseline of around 3.5 yr.We finally demonstrate that the precision of our position measurements for stars fainter than 21 mag in the simulated CSST crowded field is better than the results from both SExtractor and DOLPHOT.
文摘The authors of this article are interested in characterization of efficient solutions for special classes of problems. These classes consider semi-strong E-convexity of involved functions. Sufficient and necessary conditions for a feasible solution to be an efficient or properly efficient solution are obtained.
文摘Correction to:NUCL SCI TECH(2023)34:63 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-023-01213-3 While typesetting,reference[16]in the list has not been properly placed in the proof.The orders of the references[13-16]were mistaken by the production.The correct order of the references is.
基金We appreciate the financial support from the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(122111KYSB20170068).
文摘Whether the goal is to meet global challenges or to enable a paradigm shift,it is always essential for science to move beyond conventional thinking.Moreover,the mutually beneficial interactions between global challenges and paradigm shifts require a great deal of effort.To this end,it is imperative for the scientific community not only to respond to major challenges by shifting paradigms in science but also to drive paradigm shifts in science by responding to major challenges.This aim sets a higher bar for scientists as,in order to achieve it,we must properly identify the scientific questions in research and better utilize existing knowledge.At present,however,we are not paying sufficient attention to this aim,nor are we sufficiently competent in this regard.It is essential for the global scientific community to pay more attention to these interconnected issues of global challenges and paradigm shifts.
文摘Urinary bladder neural dysfunction (UBND) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. When urinary bladder paralysis develops, urinary system infection readily occurs. If the infection is not treated properly, serious sequelae will happen. Western doctors primarily use
