Scientific research and technological innovation are driving modern economies;however,a new form of property rights is required to compensate knowledge workers for their contributions.In 1994,the Science and Technolog...Scientific research and technological innovation are driving modern economies;however,a new form of property rights is required to compensate knowledge workers for their contributions.In 1994,the Science and Technology Bureau of Shenzhen,China implemented a policy to encourage scientists and engineers to develop innovative technologies that would provide them a share of the profits earned from their innovations.This created a new“shared property rights”system.China’s shared property model is so new that the conditions under which it can improve enterprise profits remain unclear.To answer this question,we obtained data from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research database for 904 Chinese enterprises that had implemented shared property rights for the first time between 2009 and 2021 and used a propensity score matching method and econometric models to evaluate their performance.The results indicated that shared property incentives improved corporate financial performance and that benefits increased gradually over time.The new approach showed a stronger positive effect than restricted stock options during the study period.The strength of the incentive was greater for core technical staff than for senior executives,suggesting that scientists,engineers,and computer programmers should be the targets of a shared property rights incentive program.To take full advantage of the new shared property rights institution,enterprise managers should set the implementation period at a reasonable length(5 to 10 years,based on our study results).Enterprises can also test two or more simultaneous approaches that account for the specific needs of each category of workers,based on a careful examination of their current situation and expected or desired future situations.展开更多
AIM: To compare efficacy of telaprevir(TVR) and simeprevir(SMV) combined with pegylated interferon(PEG-IFN) and ribavirin(RBV) while treating chronic hepatitis C(CHC). METHODS: In all, 306 CHC patients were included i...AIM: To compare efficacy of telaprevir(TVR) and simeprevir(SMV) combined with pegylated interferon(PEG-IFN) and ribavirin(RBV) while treating chronic hepatitis C(CHC). METHODS: In all, 306 CHC patients were included in this study. There were 159 patients in the TVR combination therapy group and 147 patients in the SMV combination therapy group. To evaluate pretreatment factors contributing to sustained virological response at 12 wk(SVR12), univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in TVR and SMV groups. To adjust for patient background between TVR and SMV groups, propensity score matching was performed. Virological response during treatment and SVR12 were evaluated.RESULTS: Overall rates of SVR12 [undetectable serum hepatitis C virus(HCV) RNA levels] were 79.2% and 69.4% in TVR and SMV groups, respectively. Patients in the SMV group were older, had higher serum HCV RNA levels, lower hemoglobin, higher prevalence of unfavorable interleukin-28B(IL28B) genotype(rs8099917), and poorer response to previous PEG-IFN and RBV treatment. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for backgrounds(n = 104) and demonstrated SVR12 rates of 74.0% and 73.1% in the TVR and SMV groups, respectively. In the TVR group, discontinuation rates were higher because of adverse events; however, breakthrough and nonresponse was more frequent in the in SMV group. Multivariate analysis revealed IL28 B genotype(rs8099917) as the only independent predictive factor of SVR12 in both groups.CONCLUSION: SVR12 rates were almost identical following propensity score matching.展开更多
基金supported by the National R&D Program China(No.2021xjkk0405).
文摘Scientific research and technological innovation are driving modern economies;however,a new form of property rights is required to compensate knowledge workers for their contributions.In 1994,the Science and Technology Bureau of Shenzhen,China implemented a policy to encourage scientists and engineers to develop innovative technologies that would provide them a share of the profits earned from their innovations.This created a new“shared property rights”system.China’s shared property model is so new that the conditions under which it can improve enterprise profits remain unclear.To answer this question,we obtained data from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research database for 904 Chinese enterprises that had implemented shared property rights for the first time between 2009 and 2021 and used a propensity score matching method and econometric models to evaluate their performance.The results indicated that shared property incentives improved corporate financial performance and that benefits increased gradually over time.The new approach showed a stronger positive effect than restricted stock options during the study period.The strength of the incentive was greater for core technical staff than for senior executives,suggesting that scientists,engineers,and computer programmers should be the targets of a shared property rights incentive program.To take full advantage of the new shared property rights institution,enterprise managers should set the implementation period at a reasonable length(5 to 10 years,based on our study results).Enterprises can also test two or more simultaneous approaches that account for the specific needs of each category of workers,based on a careful examination of their current situation and expected or desired future situations.
文摘AIM: To compare efficacy of telaprevir(TVR) and simeprevir(SMV) combined with pegylated interferon(PEG-IFN) and ribavirin(RBV) while treating chronic hepatitis C(CHC). METHODS: In all, 306 CHC patients were included in this study. There were 159 patients in the TVR combination therapy group and 147 patients in the SMV combination therapy group. To evaluate pretreatment factors contributing to sustained virological response at 12 wk(SVR12), univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in TVR and SMV groups. To adjust for patient background between TVR and SMV groups, propensity score matching was performed. Virological response during treatment and SVR12 were evaluated.RESULTS: Overall rates of SVR12 [undetectable serum hepatitis C virus(HCV) RNA levels] were 79.2% and 69.4% in TVR and SMV groups, respectively. Patients in the SMV group were older, had higher serum HCV RNA levels, lower hemoglobin, higher prevalence of unfavorable interleukin-28B(IL28B) genotype(rs8099917), and poorer response to previous PEG-IFN and RBV treatment. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for backgrounds(n = 104) and demonstrated SVR12 rates of 74.0% and 73.1% in the TVR and SMV groups, respectively. In the TVR group, discontinuation rates were higher because of adverse events; however, breakthrough and nonresponse was more frequent in the in SMV group. Multivariate analysis revealed IL28 B genotype(rs8099917) as the only independent predictive factor of SVR12 in both groups.CONCLUSION: SVR12 rates were almost identical following propensity score matching.
