就近期美国联邦最高法院Mayo v. Prometheus一案的判决,对美国《专利法》第101条"专利适格标的"产生的影响进行了研究。对Mayo基本案情进行介绍后,梳理了近年来美国《专利法》第101条专利适格标的范围及其检测标准的变化,指...就近期美国联邦最高法院Mayo v. Prometheus一案的判决,对美国《专利法》第101条"专利适格标的"产生的影响进行了研究。对Mayo基本案情进行介绍后,梳理了近年来美国《专利法》第101条专利适格标的范围及其检测标准的变化,指出美国专利标的物范围一直缺乏清晰、明确的界定;专利适格标的检测方法虽历经多次变革,但始终无法形成一个统一、清晰的检测标准。从法律功能、专利效力、产业发展等角度,分析了Mayo案件判决产生的影响,并就企业创新成果的保护、专利申请提出了建议。展开更多
针对传统云平台运维监控系统存在的监控信息分散、无效告警冗余、误报率高,且难以支撑全局化运维决策的问题,在分析现有基于环状数据库(Round Robin Database,RRD)、Zabbix等技术的监控方案不足的基础上,对Prometheus与Grafana的技术适...针对传统云平台运维监控系统存在的监控信息分散、无效告警冗余、误报率高,且难以支撑全局化运维决策的问题,在分析现有基于环状数据库(Round Robin Database,RRD)、Zabbix等技术的监控方案不足的基础上,对Prometheus与Grafana的技术适配性进行简要介绍,提出一种基于该技术组合的私有云监控系统及实现方法。系统通过“数据采集,数据存储,监控展示,告警执行”四大模块协同工作:数据采集模块采用接口与探针双轨制策略,结合跨网交互方案与接口限流突破机制,实现多网络环境下监控数据的全面获取;数据存储模块构建“逻辑组织、分片存储、联邦聚合”3层架构,基于Prometheus时序数据库与标签扩展模型,解决多源异构数据的高效存储与查询问题;告警执行模块引入动态阈值算法、分级抑制策略及告警风暴处理机制,提升告警准确性与可控性。通过搭建包含3台物理服务器的私有云测试集群,以Nagios系统为对照,对系统在正常负载、资源过载、网络隔离等场景下的性能进行仿真测试与对比分析。实验结果表明,与传统方案相比,该系统72h累计无效告警减少70.9%,告警准确率提升至92.2%(较对照组提高72.7%),平均告警延迟降低57.1%,同时CPU与内存资源占用分别减少6.8%和0.9 GB。研究结论显示,该系统可有效克服传统监控装置的缺陷,显著提升私有云平台的运行稳定性与运维效率,具备较强的工程实践推广价值。展开更多
AIM： To evaluate whether treatment with the Prometheus system significantly affects cytokines, coagulation factors and other plasma proteins. METHODS： We studied nine patients with acute-onchronic liver failure and ...AIM： To evaluate whether treatment with the Prometheus system significantly affects cytokines, coagulation factors and other plasma proteins. METHODS： We studied nine patients with acute-onchronic liver failure and accompanying renal failure. Prometheus therapy was performed on 2 consecutive days for up to 6 h in all patients. Several biochemical parameters and blood counts were assessed at regular time points during Prometheus treatment. RESULTS： We observed a significant decrease of both protein-bound （e.g. bile acids） and water-soluble （e.g. ammonia） substances after Prometheus therapy. Even though leukocytes increased during treatment （P〈 0.01）, we found no significant changes of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-o plasma levels （all P 〉 0.5）. Further, antithrombin 3, factor II and factor V plasma levels did not decrease during Prometheus therapy （all P 〉0.5）, and the INR remained unchanged （P = 0.4）. Plasma levels of total protein, albumin, and fibrinogen were also not altered during Prometheus treatment （all P 〉 0.5）. Finally, platelet count did not change significantly during therapy （P= 0.6）. CONCLUSION： Despite significant removal of protein- bound and water-soluble substances, Prometheus therapy did not affect the level of cytokines, coagulation factors or other plasma proteins. Thus, the filters and adsorbers used in the system are highly effective and specific for water-soluble substances and toxins bound to the albumin fraction.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate treatment safety and hemodynamic changes during a single 6-h treatment with the PrometheusTM liver assist system in a randomized, controlled study. METHODS： Twenty-four patients were randomized to e...AIM： To evaluate treatment safety and hemodynamic changes during a single 6-h treatment with the PrometheusTM liver assist system in a randomized, controlled study. METHODS： Twenty-four patients were randomized to either the study group or to one of two control groups： Fractionated Plasma Separation Adsorption and Dialysis, PrometheusTM system （Study group; n = 8）; Molecular Adsorbent Recirculation System （MARS）TM （Control group 1, n = 8）; or hemodialysis （Control group 2; n = 8）. All patients included in the study had decompensated cirrhosis at the time of the inclusion into the study. Circulatory changes were monitored with a Swan-Ganz catheter and bilirubin and creatinine were monitored as measures of protein-bound and water-soluble toxins. RESULTS： Systemic hemodynamics did not differ between treatment and control groups apart from an increase in arterial pressure in the MARS group （P = 0.008）. No adverse effects were observed in any of the groups. Creatinine levels significantly decreased in the MARS group （P = 0.03） and hemodialysis group （P = 0.04）. Platelet count deceased in the Prometheus group （P = 0.04）.CONCLUSION： Extra-corporal liver support with Prometheus is proven to be safe in patients with endstage liver disease but does not exert the beneficial effects on arterial pressure as seen in the MARS group,展开更多
文摘就近期美国联邦最高法院Mayo v. Prometheus一案的判决,对美国《专利法》第101条"专利适格标的"产生的影响进行了研究。对Mayo基本案情进行介绍后,梳理了近年来美国《专利法》第101条专利适格标的范围及其检测标准的变化,指出美国专利标的物范围一直缺乏清晰、明确的界定;专利适格标的检测方法虽历经多次变革,但始终无法形成一个统一、清晰的检测标准。从法律功能、专利效力、产业发展等角度,分析了Mayo案件判决产生的影响,并就企业创新成果的保护、专利申请提出了建议。
文摘针对传统云平台运维监控系统存在的监控信息分散、无效告警冗余、误报率高,且难以支撑全局化运维决策的问题,在分析现有基于环状数据库(Round Robin Database,RRD)、Zabbix等技术的监控方案不足的基础上,对Prometheus与Grafana的技术适配性进行简要介绍,提出一种基于该技术组合的私有云监控系统及实现方法。系统通过“数据采集,数据存储,监控展示,告警执行”四大模块协同工作:数据采集模块采用接口与探针双轨制策略,结合跨网交互方案与接口限流突破机制,实现多网络环境下监控数据的全面获取;数据存储模块构建“逻辑组织、分片存储、联邦聚合”3层架构,基于Prometheus时序数据库与标签扩展模型,解决多源异构数据的高效存储与查询问题;告警执行模块引入动态阈值算法、分级抑制策略及告警风暴处理机制,提升告警准确性与可控性。通过搭建包含3台物理服务器的私有云测试集群,以Nagios系统为对照,对系统在正常负载、资源过载、网络隔离等场景下的性能进行仿真测试与对比分析。实验结果表明,与传统方案相比,该系统72h累计无效告警减少70.9%,告警准确率提升至92.2%(较对照组提高72.7%),平均告警延迟降低57.1%,同时CPU与内存资源占用分别减少6.8%和0.9 GB。研究结论显示,该系统可有效克服传统监控装置的缺陷,显著提升私有云平台的运行稳定性与运维效率,具备较强的工程实践推广价值。
文摘AIM： To evaluate whether treatment with the Prometheus system significantly affects cytokines, coagulation factors and other plasma proteins. METHODS： We studied nine patients with acute-onchronic liver failure and accompanying renal failure. Prometheus therapy was performed on 2 consecutive days for up to 6 h in all patients. Several biochemical parameters and blood counts were assessed at regular time points during Prometheus treatment. RESULTS： We observed a significant decrease of both protein-bound （e.g. bile acids） and water-soluble （e.g. ammonia） substances after Prometheus therapy. Even though leukocytes increased during treatment （P〈 0.01）, we found no significant changes of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-o plasma levels （all P 〉 0.5）. Further, antithrombin 3, factor II and factor V plasma levels did not decrease during Prometheus therapy （all P 〉0.5）, and the INR remained unchanged （P = 0.4）. Plasma levels of total protein, albumin, and fibrinogen were also not altered during Prometheus treatment （all P 〉 0.5）. Finally, platelet count did not change significantly during therapy （P= 0.6）. CONCLUSION： Despite significant removal of protein- bound and water-soluble substances, Prometheus therapy did not affect the level of cytokines, coagulation factors or other plasma proteins. Thus, the filters and adsorbers used in the system are highly effective and specific for water-soluble substances and toxins bound to the albumin fraction.
基金The NOVO Nordic Foundation, Savvrksejer Jeppe & Ovita Mindelegat, Fabricant Vilhelm Pedersen & Wifes Mindelegat, A.P. Moller Scientific Foundation, the Danish Medical Association Research Fund and the Laerdal Foundation for Acute Medicine, and by an unrestricted grant from the Fresenius Medical Care GmBH
文摘AIM： To evaluate treatment safety and hemodynamic changes during a single 6-h treatment with the PrometheusTM liver assist system in a randomized, controlled study. METHODS： Twenty-four patients were randomized to either the study group or to one of two control groups： Fractionated Plasma Separation Adsorption and Dialysis, PrometheusTM system （Study group; n = 8）; Molecular Adsorbent Recirculation System （MARS）TM （Control group 1, n = 8）; or hemodialysis （Control group 2; n = 8）. All patients included in the study had decompensated cirrhosis at the time of the inclusion into the study. Circulatory changes were monitored with a Swan-Ganz catheter and bilirubin and creatinine were monitored as measures of protein-bound and water-soluble toxins. RESULTS： Systemic hemodynamics did not differ between treatment and control groups apart from an increase in arterial pressure in the MARS group （P = 0.008）. No adverse effects were observed in any of the groups. Creatinine levels significantly decreased in the MARS group （P = 0.03） and hemodialysis group （P = 0.04）. Platelet count deceased in the Prometheus group （P = 0.04）.CONCLUSION： Extra-corporal liver support with Prometheus is proven to be safe in patients with endstage liver disease but does not exert the beneficial effects on arterial pressure as seen in the MARS group,
