Climate models are essential for understanding past,present,and future changes in atmospheric circulation,with circulation modes providing key sources of seasonal predictability and prediction uncertainties for both g...Climate models are essential for understanding past,present,and future changes in atmospheric circulation,with circulation modes providing key sources of seasonal predictability and prediction uncertainties for both global and regional climates.This study assesses the performance of models participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project in simulating interannual variability modes of Northern Hemisphere 500-hPa geopotential height during winter and summer,distinguishing predictable(potentially predictable on seasonal or longer timescales)and unpredictable(intraseasonal and essentially unpredictable at long range)components,using reanalysis data and a variance decomposition method.Although most models effectively capture unpredictable modes in reanalysis,their ability to reproduce dominant predictable modes-specifically the Pacific-North American pattern,Arctic Oscillation,and Western Pacific Oscillation in winter,and the East Atlantic and North Atlantic Oscillations in summer-varies notably.An optimal ensemble is identified to distinguish(a)predictable-external modes,dominated by external forcing,and(b)predictable-internal modes,associated with slow internal variability,during the historical period(1950-2014)and the SSP5-8.5 scenario(2036-2100).Under increased radiative forcing,the leading winter/summer predictable-external mode exhibits a more uniform spatial distribution,remarkably larger trend and annual variance,and enhanced height-sea surface temperature(SST)covariance under SSP5-8.5 compared to historical conditions.The dominant winter/summer predictable-internal modes also exhibit increased variance and height-SST covariance under SSP5-8.5,along with localized changes in spatial configuration.Minimal changes are observed in spatial distribution or variance for dominant winter/summer unpredictable modes under SSP5-8.5.This study,from a predictive perspective,deepens our understanding of model uncertainties and projected changes in circulations.展开更多
Projections of future urban land change are essential for a range of sustainability assessments,including those related to biodiversity loss,carbon emissions,and agricultural land conversion.However,to what extent and...Projections of future urban land change are essential for a range of sustainability assessments,including those related to biodiversity loss,carbon emissions,and agricultural land conversion.However,to what extent and where current projections agree or disagree remains unknown.Here,we systematically compare existing global projections that are consistent with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways.We find that the total global urban land area is expected to increase by 112%between 2020 and 2100(averaged across all projections),with a coefficient of variation of 0.81.This variation is mostly caused by the selection of the underlying drivers that are included in the different models.Regionally,the highest average growth rates are found in sub-Saharan Africa(+679%to+730%),while this region also has the highest variation across projections(coefficient of variation ranging from 2.02 to 2.18).When ranking scenarios within a study from the highest to the lowest projected increase in urban land,rankings are relatively similar for regions in the Global North,but not for regions in the Global South.The large disagreement across projections can lead to high uncertainties in assessments of future urban land change impacts,which can undermine the effectiveness of long-term planning,policymaking,and resource management decisions.展开更多
Accurate fission cross-sectional data for actinide nuclides are critical for nuclear energy,astrophysics,and defense applications.Traditional detectors,such as fission chambers,face limitations in achieving sub-3% unc...Accurate fission cross-sectional data for actinide nuclides are critical for nuclear energy,astrophysics,and defense applications.Traditional detectors,such as fission chambers,face limitations in achieving sub-3% uncertainty owing to particle identification challenges and dynamic range constraints.The time projection chamber(TPC)can record both the energy deposition dE/dx and the three-dimensional track of an event,providing the ability to identify particles and fission fragments.Based on this characteristic,we developed a novel TPC,INPC-TPC,featuring a symmetrical dual-chamber structure and gas electron multiplier(GEM)-based readout technology.The dual-chamber design isolates fission fragments and recoils protons,thereby reducing the dynamic range requirements of a single chamber,whereas the GEM ensures high spatial resolution and stable gain.Experiments conducted at the Chinese Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)Back-n white neutron beamline validated the performance of the proposed detector.The INPC-TPC demonstrated effective fission fragment identification through particle energy-length correlation measurements and accurately measured the neutron beam spot size with a diameter relative error of<2%.The results highlight the capability of the system to achieve high-precision measurements of neutroninduced fission cross sections,particularly for ^(235)U and ^(238)U.展开更多
This study provides potential climate projections for Central Asia(CA)based on multi-regional climate model(RCM)outputs from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment for Central Asia(CORDEX-CAII).Despit...This study provides potential climate projections for Central Asia(CA)based on multi-regional climate model(RCM)outputs from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment for Central Asia(CORDEX-CAII).Despite some systematic biases,all RCMs effectively capture the main features of observed temperature and precipitation means and extremes over CA,with notable variations in model performance due to differences in the driving global climate models and the RCMs themselves.Overall,REMO consistently outperforms ALARO in simulating temperature-related indices,and ALARO-0 provides more accurate simulations for precipitation-related indices,and the multimodel ensemble(MME)tends to outperform individual RCMs.Under the representative concentration pathway(RCP)scenarios of RCP2.6 and RCP8.5,the MME results indicate a clear warming trend across CA for all temperature-related indices,except for the diurnal temperature range,with annual temperatures projected to increase by 0.15℃/10 yr and 0.53℃/10 yr,respectively.Both scenarios exhibit similar spatial distributions in projected annual precipitation,characterized by peak increases of~0.2 mm per day in northern CA.The number of consecutive dry days is projected to slightly increase under RCP8.5,while it is expected to slightly decrease under RCP2.6.This study improves our understanding of the applicability of RCMs in CA and provides reliable projections of future climate change.展开更多
While numerous allometric models exist for estimating biomass in trees with single stems,models for multi-stemmed species are scarce.This study presents models for predicting aboveground biomass(AGB)in European hazel(...While numerous allometric models exist for estimating biomass in trees with single stems,models for multi-stemmed species are scarce.This study presents models for predicting aboveground biomass(AGB)in European hazel(Corylus avellana L.),growing in multi-stemmed shrub form.We measured the size and harvested the biomass of 30 European hazel shrubs,drying and weighing their woody parts and leaves separately.AGB(dry mass)and leaf area models were established using a range of predictors,such as the upper height of the shrub,number of shoots per shrub,canopy projection area,stem base diameter of the thickest stem,and the sum of cross-sectional areas of all stems at the stem base.The latter was the best predictor of AGB,but the most practically useful variables,defined as relatively easy to measure by terrestrial or aerial approaches,were the upper height of the shrub and the canopy projection area.The leaf biomass to AGB ratio decreased with the shrub's height.Specific leaf area of shaded leaves increases with shrub height,but that of leaves at the top of the canopy does not change significantly.Given that the upper shrub height and crown projection of European hazel can be estimated using remote sensing approaches,especially UAV and LIDAR,these two variables appear the most promising for effective measurement of AGB in hazel.展开更多
Chitosan(CS)-based nanocomposites have been studied in various fields,requiring a more facile and efficient technique to fabricate nanoparticles with customized structures.In this study,Ag@methacrylamide CS/poly(ethyl...Chitosan(CS)-based nanocomposites have been studied in various fields,requiring a more facile and efficient technique to fabricate nanoparticles with customized structures.In this study,Ag@methacrylamide CS/poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate(Ag@MP)micropatterns are successfully fabricated by femtosecond laser maskless optical projection lithography(Fs-MOPL)for the first time.The formation mechanism of core-shell nanomaterial is demonstrated by the local surface plasmon resonances and the nucleation and growth theory.Amino and hydroxyl groups greatly affect the number of Ag@MP nanocomposites,which is further verified by replacing MCS with methacrylated bovine serum albumin and hyaluronic acid methacryloyl,respectively.Besides,the performance of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering,cytotoxicity,cell proliferation,and antibacterial was investigated on Ag@MP micropatterns.Therefore,the proposed protocol to prepare hydrogel core-shell micropattern by the home-built Fs-MOPL technique is prospective for potential applications in the biomedical and biotechnological fields,such as biosensors,cell imaging,and antimicrobial.展开更多
Semantic segmentation of eye images is a complex task with important applications in human–computer interaction,cognitive science,and neuroscience.Achieving real-time,accurate,and robust segmentation algorithms is cr...Semantic segmentation of eye images is a complex task with important applications in human–computer interaction,cognitive science,and neuroscience.Achieving real-time,accurate,and robust segmentation algorithms is crucial for computationally limited portable devices such as augmented reality and virtual reality.With the rapid advancements in deep learning,many network models have been developed specifically for eye image segmentation.Some methods divide the segmentation process into multiple stages to achieve model parameter miniaturization while enhancing output through post processing techniques to improve segmentation accuracy.These approaches significantly increase the inference time.Other networks adopt more complex encoding and decoding modules to achieve end-to-end output,which requires substantial computation.Therefore,balancing the model’s size,accuracy,and computational complexity is essential.To address these challenges,we propose a lightweight asymmetric UNet architecture and a projection loss function.We utilize ResNet-3 layer blocks to enhance feature extraction efficiency in the encoding stage.In the decoding stage,we employ regular convolutions and skip connections to upscale the feature maps from the latent space to the original image size,balancing the model size and segmentation accuracy.In addition,we leverage the geometric features of the eye region and design a projection loss function to further improve the segmentation accuracy without adding any additional inference computational cost.We validate our approach on the OpenEDS2019 dataset for virtual reality and achieve state-of-the-art performance with 95.33%mean intersection over union(mIoU).Our model has only 0.63M parameters and 350 FPS,which are 68%and 200%of the state-of-the-art model RITNet,respectively.展开更多
Thepaper investigates the properties of the Lambert equivalent azimuthal projection,which is often used in normal aspect in atlases for maps of the northern and southern hemispheres.The field of research is theoretica...Thepaper investigates the properties of the Lambert equivalent azimuthal projection,which is often used in normal aspect in atlases for maps of the northern and southern hemispheres.The field of research is theoretical in nature and assumes a mastery of mathematics because it deals with map projections.The transverse aspect is commonly used for eastern and western hemisphere atlas maps.In addition,the Hammer projection was created fromthe transverse aspect of that projection.Therefore,if we want to get to know the Hammer projection better,we must first investigate the Lambert equivalent azimuthal projection in detail.While investigating this projection,it was observed that the equations of the transverse aspect can be represented in several ways.After that,it was necessary to determine the most suitable form of the equations of that projection for the calculation of partial derivatives,which are necessary for determining distortions.The article presents the distribution of factors of local linear scales along the(pseudo)meridians and(pseudo)parallels,and found that in the Lambert equivalent azimuthal projection,there can exist only one point where the distortion is equal to zero.The general case of a normal and transverse Lambert equivalent azimuthal projection has not been observed so far,and that is the new contribution of this article.展开更多
Benefit evaluation of debris flow prevention and control projects was one of the essential contents of debris flow prevention and mitigation work.In order to scientifically and quantitatively evaluate the comprehensiv...Benefit evaluation of debris flow prevention and control projects was one of the essential contents of debris flow prevention and mitigation work.In order to scientifically and quantitatively evaluate the comprehensive benefit of debris flow prevention and control projects,this study identified nine factors as evaluation indicators from economic,social,and ecological aspects.The projection pursuit(PP) model based on the improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO) algorithm was used to construct a mathematical model to evaluate the benefit of debris flow prevention and control projects.The interpolation method was applied to divide the benefit grades.The debris flow prevention and control projects in Qipan,Taoguan,Chutou,Anjia,and Mozi gullies in Wenchuan County were chosen as typical cases for empirical analysis.The case study revealed that,among the criteria layer indicators,investment per unit of the protected area,investment per unit of the protected population,the amount of water and soil conservation,and reduction rate of accumulation fan had the most significant weights.The social and ecological benefits were found to be the more important in the target layer.The comprehensive benefit of Qipan,Taoguan,Chutou,Anjia,and Mozi gullies was found to be 4.44,4.83,1.95,3,and 2,respectively.The benefit ranking of the five gullies was consistent with their effectiveness in disaster prevention ranking in the flood season of 2019.Therefore,it could prove that the newly-built benefit evaluation model was practical and feasible,and the evaluation results of the sample could be reasonably interpreted,which verified the effectiveness of the methods.展开更多
As data becomes increasingly complex,measuring dependence among variables is of great interest.However,most existing measures of dependence are limited to the Euclidean setting and cannot effectively characterize the ...As data becomes increasingly complex,measuring dependence among variables is of great interest.However,most existing measures of dependence are limited to the Euclidean setting and cannot effectively characterize the complex relationships.In this paper,we propose a novel method for constructing independence tests for random elements in Hilbert spaces,which includes functional data as a special case.Our approach is using distance covariance of random projections to build a test statistic that is computationally efficient and exhibits strong power performance.We prove the equivalence between testing for independence expressed on the original and the projected covariates,bridging the gap between measures of testing independence in Euclidean spaces and Hilbert spaces.Implementation of the test involves calibration by permutation and combining several p-values from different projections using the false discovery rate method.Simulation studies and real data examples illustrate the finite sample properties of the proposed method under a variety of scenarios.展开更多
Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have transformed three-dimensional(3D)optical imaging and metrology,enabling high-resolution and high-precision 3D surface geometry measurements from one single fringe pa...Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have transformed three-dimensional(3D)optical imaging and metrology,enabling high-resolution and high-precision 3D surface geometry measurements from one single fringe pattern projection.However,the imaging speed of conventional fringe projection profilometry(FPP)remains limited by the native sensor refresh rates due to the inherent"one-to-one"synchronization mechanism between pattern projection and image acquisition in standard structured light techniques.Here,we present dual-frequency angular-multiplexed fringe projection profilometry(DFAMFPP),a deep learning-enabled 3D imaging technique that achieves high-speed,high-precision,and large-depth-range absolute 3D surface measurements at speeds 16 times faster than the sensor's native frame rate.By encoding multi-timeframe 3D information into a single multiplexed image using multiple pairs of dual-frequency fringes,high-accuracy absolute phase maps are reconstructed using specially trained two-stage number-theoretical-based deep neural networks.We validate the effectiveness of DFAMFPP through dynamic scene measurements,achieving 10,000 Hz 3D imaging of a running turbofan engine prototype with only a 625 Hz camera.By overcoming the sensor hardware bottleneck,DFAMFPP significantly advances high-speed and ultra-high-speed 3D imaging,opening new avenues for exploring dynamic processes across diverse scientific disciplines.展开更多
Let X be a real uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space and C a nonempty closed and convex subset of X.Let Π_(C):X→C denote the generalized metric projection operator introduced by Alber in[1].In this pap...Let X be a real uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space and C a nonempty closed and convex subset of X.Let Π_(C):X→C denote the generalized metric projection operator introduced by Alber in[1].In this paper,we define the Gâteaux directional differentiability of Π_(C).We investigate some properties of the Gâteaux directional differentiability of Π_(C).In particular,if C is a closed ball,or a closed and convex cone(including proper closed subspaces),or a closed and convex cylinder,then,we give the exact representations of the directional derivatives of Π_(C).By comparing the results in[12]and this paper,we see the significant difference between the directional derivatives of the generalized metric projection operator Π_(C) and the Gâteaux directional derivatives of the standard metric projection operator PC.展开更多
Currently,the international economic situation is becoming increasingly complex,and there is significant downward pressure on the global economy.In recent years,China’s infrastructure sector has experienced rapid gro...Currently,the international economic situation is becoming increasingly complex,and there is significant downward pressure on the global economy.In recent years,China’s infrastructure sector has experienced rapid growth,with the structure of its power engineering business gradually shifting from traditional infrastructure construction to more diversified areas such as production and operation,as well as emergency repairs.As a result,the transformation of mechanized construction in power transmission and transformation projects has become increasingly urgent.This article proposes a post-evaluation model based on game theory to improve comprehensive weighting and fuzzy grey relational projection sorting,which can be used to evaluate the optimal mechanized construction scheme for power transmission and transformation projects.The model begins by considering the entire lifecycle of power transmission and transformation projects.It constructs a post-evaluation index system that covers the planning and design stage,on-site construction stage,operation and maintenance stage,and the decommissioning and disposal stage,with corresponding calculation methods for each index.The fuzzy grey correlation projection sorting method is then employed to evaluate and rank the construction schemes.To validate the model’s effectiveness,a case study of a power transmission and transformation project in a specific region of China is used.The comprehensive benefits of three proposed mechanized construction schemes are evaluated and compared.According to the evaluation results,Scheme 1 is ranked the highest,with a membership degree of 0.870945,excelling in sustainability.These results suggest that the proposed model can effectively evaluate and make decisions regarding the optimal mechanized construction plan for power transmission and transformation projects.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to analyze the temporal trends in cancer mortality in China from 2013-2021 and project the future trends through 2030.Methods:This study was based on the China Causes of Death Surveillance D...Objective:This study aimed to analyze the temporal trends in cancer mortality in China from 2013-2021 and project the future trends through 2030.Methods:This study was based on the China Causes of Death Surveillance Dataset,which covers 2.37 billion person-years.Age-standardized mortality rates(ASMRs)were calculated using Segi’s world standard population and the trends were evaluated via Joinpoint regression.Bayesian age-period-cohort models were used for mortality projections.Contributions of demographic changes(population size and age structure)and risk factors to the mortality burden were quantified using the decomposition analysis.Results:The combined ASMRs for all cancers decreased annually by 2.3%,driven by significant declines in esophageal(4.8%),stomach(4.5%),and liver cancers(2.7%).In contrast,the pancreatic and prostate cancer ASMRs increased by 2.0% and 3.4% annually,respectively.Urban areas demonstrated a more rapid decline in the combined ASMRs for all cancers[average annual percent change(AAPC)=-3.0% in urban areas vs.-2.0% in rural areas],highlighting persistent disparities.Population aging contributed 20%-50% to death increases between 2013 and 2021.The combined ASMRs for all cancers,like the findings of temporal trend analyses,will continue to decrease and the regional(urban and rural)difference is projected to simulate that of the temporal trend through 2030.In fact,cancer deaths are projected to reach 2.4 million by 2030.Conclusions:The cancer burden in China is facing the dual challenges of population aging and urban-rural disparities.It is necessary to prioritize rural screening,control risk factors,such as smoking and diet,and integrate more efficacious cancer prevention and control programmes into the policy to reduce mortality in the future.展开更多
The adaptive filtering algorithm with a fixed projection order is unable to adjust its performance in response to changes in the external environment of airborne radars.To overcome this limitation,a new approach is in...The adaptive filtering algorithm with a fixed projection order is unable to adjust its performance in response to changes in the external environment of airborne radars.To overcome this limitation,a new approach is introduced,which is the variable projection order Ekblom norm-promoted adaptive algorithm(VPO-EPAA).The method begins by examining the mean squared deviation(MSD)of the EPAA,deriving a formula for its MSD.Next,it compares the MSD of EPAA at two different projection orders and selects the one that minimizes the MSD as the parameter for the current iteration.Furthermore,the algorithm’s computational complexity is analyzed theoretically.Simulation results from system identification and self-interference cancellation show that the proposed algorithm performs exceptionally well in airborne radar signal self-interference cancellation,even under various noise intensities and types of interference.展开更多
Revealing regional climate changes is vital for policymaking activities related to climate change adaptation and mitigation.South China is a well-developed region with a dense population,but the level of uncertainty i...Revealing regional climate changes is vital for policymaking activities related to climate change adaptation and mitigation.South China is a well-developed region with a dense population,but the level of uncertainty in climate projections remains to be evaluated in detail.In this study,we comprehensively assessed the historical simulations and future projections of climate change in South China based on CMIP5/CMIP6 models.We show evidence that CMIP5/CMIP6 models can skillfully reproduce the observed distributions of annual/seasonal mean temperature but show much lower skill for precipitation.CMIP6 outperforms CMIP5 in the historical simulations,as evidenced by more models with lower bias magnitude and higher skill scores.During 2021–2100,the annual mean temperature over South China is projected to increase significantly at a rate of 0.53(0.42–0.63)and 0.59(0.52–0.66)℃(10 yr)^(-1),while precipitation is projected to increase slightly at a rate of 0.78(0.15–1.56)and 1.52(0.91–2.30)%(10 yr)^(-1),under the RCP8.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios,respectively.CMIP6 models project larger annual/seasonal mean temperature and precipitation trends than CMIP5 models under equivalent scenarios.The temperature in South China is projected to increase robustly by more than1.5℃during 2041–2060 under RCP4.5 and SSP2-4.5,but by 4.5℃during 2081–2100,under RCP8.5 and SSP5-8.5 with respect to 1850–1900.The uncertainty in temperature projections is mainly dominated by model uncertainty and scenario uncertainty,while internal uncertainty contributes some of the uncertainty during the near-term.The uncertainty in precipitation projection stems mainly from internal uncertainty and model uncertainty.For both the temperature and precipitation projection uncertainty,the relative sizes of contributions from the main contributors vary with time and show obvious seasonal differences.展开更多
Grating fringe projection 3D measurement techniques are extensively applied in various fields.However,in high dynamic range scenarios with significant surface reflectivity variations,uneven greyscale distribution may ...Grating fringe projection 3D measurement techniques are extensively applied in various fields.However,in high dynamic range scenarios with significant surface reflectivity variations,uneven greyscale distribution may lead to phase errors and poor reconstruction results.To address this problem,an adaptive fringe projection method is introduced.The method involves projecting two sets of dark and light fringes onto the object,enabling the full-field projection intensity map to be generated adaptively based on greyscale analysis.First,dark fringes are projected onto the object to extend exposure time as long as possible without causing overexposure in the image.Subsequently,bright fringes are projected under the same exposure settings to detect overexposed pixels,and the greyscale distribution of these overexposed points from the previous dark fringe projection is analyzed to calculate the corresponding projection intensities.Finally,absolute phase information from orthogonal fringes is used for coordinate matching,enabling the generation of adaptive projection fringe patterns.Experiments on various high dynamic range objects show that compared to conventional fringe projection binocular reconstruction method,the proposed algorithm achieves complete reconstruction of high dynamic range surfaces and shows robust performance against phase calculation errors caused by overexposure and low modulation.展开更多
In this paper,it is shown that the harmonic Bergman projection P_(ω)^(h),induced by a radial,induced by a radial weightω,is bounded and onto from L^(∞)(D)to the harmonic Bloch space B_(h)if and only ifω∈D,,which ...In this paper,it is shown that the harmonic Bergman projection P_(ω)^(h),induced by a radial,induced by a radial weightω,is bounded and onto from L^(∞)(D)to the harmonic Bloch space B_(h)if and only ifω∈D,,which is a class of radial weights satisfying the two-sided doubling conditions.As an application,the bounded and compact positive Toeplitz operators T_(μ,ω)on the endpoint case weighted harmonic Bergman space L_(h,ω)^(1)(D)are characterized.展开更多
Estimation and attribution of evapotranspiration(ET)and its components under changing environment is still a challenge but is essential for understanding the mechanisms of water and energy transfer for regional water ...Estimation and attribution of evapotranspiration(ET)and its components under changing environment is still a challenge but is essential for understanding the mechanisms of water and energy transfer for regional water resources management.In this study,an improved hydrological model is developed to estimate evapotranspiration and its components,i.e.,evaporation(E)and transpiration(T)by integrated the advantages of hydrological modeling constrained by water balance and the water-carbon close relationships.Results show that the improved hydrological model could captures ET and its components well in the study region.During the past years,annual ET and E increase obviously about 2.40 and 1.42 mm/a,particularly in spring and summer accounting for 90%.T shows less increasement and mainly increases in spring while it decreases in summer.Precipitation is the dominant factor and contributes 74.1%and 90.0%increases of annual ET and E,while the attribution of T changes is more complex by coupling of the positive effects of precipitation,rising temperature and interactive influences,the negative effects of solar diming and elevated CO_(2).In the future,ET and its components tend to increase under most of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSP)scenarios except for T decreases under the very high emissions scenario(SSP5-8.5)based on the projections.From seasonal perspective,the changes of ET and the components are mainly in spring and summer accounting for 75%,while more slight changes are found in autumn and winter.This study highlights the effectiveness of estimating ET and its components by improving hydrological models within water-carbon coupling relationships,and more complex mechanisms of transpiration changes than evapotranspiration and evaporation changes under the interactive effects of climate variability and vegetation dynamics.Besides,decision makers should pay attention to the more increases in the undesirable E than desirable T.展开更多
In recent years,the demand for synchronous acquisition of three-dimensional(3D)shape and col-or texture has surged in fields such as cultural heritage preservation and healthcare.Addressing this need,this paper propos...In recent years,the demand for synchronous acquisition of three-dimensional(3D)shape and col-or texture has surged in fields such as cultural heritage preservation and healthcare.Addressing this need,this paper proposes a novel method for simultaneous 3D shape and color texture capture.First,a linear model correlating camera exposure time with grayscale values is established.Through exposure time calibration,the projected red,green and blue(RGB)light and white-light grayscale values captured by a monochrome cam-era are aligned.Then,three sets of color fringes are projected onto the object to identify optimal pixels for 3D reconstruction.And,three pure-color patterns are projected to synthesize the color texture.Experimental res-ults show that this method effectively achieves synchronous 3D shape and color texture acquisition,offering high speed and precision,and avoids color crosstalk interference common in 3D reconstruction of colored ob-jects using a monochrome camera.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2342210 and 42275043)the National Institute of Natural Hazards,Ministry of Emergency Management of China(Grant Nos.J2223806,ZDJ2024-25 and ZDJ2025-34)。
文摘Climate models are essential for understanding past,present,and future changes in atmospheric circulation,with circulation modes providing key sources of seasonal predictability and prediction uncertainties for both global and regional climates.This study assesses the performance of models participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project in simulating interannual variability modes of Northern Hemisphere 500-hPa geopotential height during winter and summer,distinguishing predictable(potentially predictable on seasonal or longer timescales)and unpredictable(intraseasonal and essentially unpredictable at long range)components,using reanalysis data and a variance decomposition method.Although most models effectively capture unpredictable modes in reanalysis,their ability to reproduce dominant predictable modes-specifically the Pacific-North American pattern,Arctic Oscillation,and Western Pacific Oscillation in winter,and the East Atlantic and North Atlantic Oscillations in summer-varies notably.An optimal ensemble is identified to distinguish(a)predictable-external modes,dominated by external forcing,and(b)predictable-internal modes,associated with slow internal variability,during the historical period(1950-2014)and the SSP5-8.5 scenario(2036-2100).Under increased radiative forcing,the leading winter/summer predictable-external mode exhibits a more uniform spatial distribution,remarkably larger trend and annual variance,and enhanced height-sea surface temperature(SST)covariance under SSP5-8.5 compared to historical conditions.The dominant winter/summer predictable-internal modes also exhibit increased variance and height-SST covariance under SSP5-8.5,along with localized changes in spatial configuration.Minimal changes are observed in spatial distribution or variance for dominant winter/summer unpredictable modes under SSP5-8.5.This study,from a predictive perspective,deepens our understanding of model uncertainties and projected changes in circulations.
基金supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research NWO in the form of a VIDI grant(Grant No.VI.Vidi.198.008).
文摘Projections of future urban land change are essential for a range of sustainability assessments,including those related to biodiversity loss,carbon emissions,and agricultural land conversion.However,to what extent and where current projections agree or disagree remains unknown.Here,we systematically compare existing global projections that are consistent with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways.We find that the total global urban land area is expected to increase by 112%between 2020 and 2100(averaged across all projections),with a coefficient of variation of 0.81.This variation is mostly caused by the selection of the underlying drivers that are included in the different models.Regionally,the highest average growth rates are found in sub-Saharan Africa(+679%to+730%),while this region also has the highest variation across projections(coefficient of variation ranging from 2.02 to 2.18).When ranking scenarios within a study from the highest to the lowest projected increase in urban land,rankings are relatively similar for regions in the Global North,but not for regions in the Global South.The large disagreement across projections can lead to high uncertainties in assessments of future urban land change impacts,which can undermine the effectiveness of long-term planning,policymaking,and resource management decisions.
基金supported by the auspices of the Youth Doctoral Talent Incubation Program of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University(No.2024YQB060)。
文摘Accurate fission cross-sectional data for actinide nuclides are critical for nuclear energy,astrophysics,and defense applications.Traditional detectors,such as fission chambers,face limitations in achieving sub-3% uncertainty owing to particle identification challenges and dynamic range constraints.The time projection chamber(TPC)can record both the energy deposition dE/dx and the three-dimensional track of an event,providing the ability to identify particles and fission fragments.Based on this characteristic,we developed a novel TPC,INPC-TPC,featuring a symmetrical dual-chamber structure and gas electron multiplier(GEM)-based readout technology.The dual-chamber design isolates fission fragments and recoils protons,thereby reducing the dynamic range requirements of a single chamber,whereas the GEM ensures high spatial resolution and stable gain.Experiments conducted at the Chinese Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)Back-n white neutron beamline validated the performance of the proposed detector.The INPC-TPC demonstrated effective fission fragment identification through particle energy-length correlation measurements and accurately measured the neutron beam spot size with a diameter relative error of<2%.The results highlight the capability of the system to achieve high-precision measurements of neutroninduced fission cross sections,particularly for ^(235)U and ^(238)U.
基金jointly supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program[grant number 2019QZKK0103]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42293294]the China Meteorological Administration Climate Change Special Program[grant number QBZ202303]。
文摘This study provides potential climate projections for Central Asia(CA)based on multi-regional climate model(RCM)outputs from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment for Central Asia(CORDEX-CAII).Despite some systematic biases,all RCMs effectively capture the main features of observed temperature and precipitation means and extremes over CA,with notable variations in model performance due to differences in the driving global climate models and the RCMs themselves.Overall,REMO consistently outperforms ALARO in simulating temperature-related indices,and ALARO-0 provides more accurate simulations for precipitation-related indices,and the multimodel ensemble(MME)tends to outperform individual RCMs.Under the representative concentration pathway(RCP)scenarios of RCP2.6 and RCP8.5,the MME results indicate a clear warming trend across CA for all temperature-related indices,except for the diurnal temperature range,with annual temperatures projected to increase by 0.15℃/10 yr and 0.53℃/10 yr,respectively.Both scenarios exhibit similar spatial distributions in projected annual precipitation,characterized by peak increases of~0.2 mm per day in northern CA.The number of consecutive dry days is projected to slightly increase under RCP8.5,while it is expected to slightly decrease under RCP2.6.This study improves our understanding of the applicability of RCMs in CA and provides reliable projections of future climate change.
基金funded by grants EVA4.0 No.Z.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000803 and ITMS2014+313011W580s provided by EU OP RDEin CZ and SKprojects APVV-18-0086,APVV-19-0387,APVV-20-0168,APVV-20-0215 and APVV-22-0056 from the Slovak Research and Development Agencysupport from the European Research Executive Agency for ReForest,Grant Agreement Nr:101060635
文摘While numerous allometric models exist for estimating biomass in trees with single stems,models for multi-stemmed species are scarce.This study presents models for predicting aboveground biomass(AGB)in European hazel(Corylus avellana L.),growing in multi-stemmed shrub form.We measured the size and harvested the biomass of 30 European hazel shrubs,drying and weighing their woody parts and leaves separately.AGB(dry mass)and leaf area models were established using a range of predictors,such as the upper height of the shrub,number of shoots per shrub,canopy projection area,stem base diameter of the thickest stem,and the sum of cross-sectional areas of all stems at the stem base.The latter was the best predictor of AGB,but the most practically useful variables,defined as relatively easy to measure by terrestrial or aerial approaches,were the upper height of the shrub and the canopy projection area.The leaf biomass to AGB ratio decreased with the shrub's height.Specific leaf area of shaded leaves increases with shrub height,but that of leaves at the top of the canopy does not change significantly.Given that the upper shrub height and crown projection of European hazel can be estimated using remote sensing approaches,especially UAV and LIDAR,these two variables appear the most promising for effective measurement of AGB in hazel.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.61975213,61475164,51901234,and 61205194)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFB1104300and 2016YFA0200500)+2 种基金International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(GJHZ2021130)Cooperative R&D Projects between Austria,FFG and China,CAS(GJHZ1720)supported by JSPS Bilateral Program Number JPJSBP120217203。
文摘Chitosan(CS)-based nanocomposites have been studied in various fields,requiring a more facile and efficient technique to fabricate nanoparticles with customized structures.In this study,Ag@methacrylamide CS/poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate(Ag@MP)micropatterns are successfully fabricated by femtosecond laser maskless optical projection lithography(Fs-MOPL)for the first time.The formation mechanism of core-shell nanomaterial is demonstrated by the local surface plasmon resonances and the nucleation and growth theory.Amino and hydroxyl groups greatly affect the number of Ag@MP nanocomposites,which is further verified by replacing MCS with methacrylated bovine serum albumin and hyaluronic acid methacryloyl,respectively.Besides,the performance of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering,cytotoxicity,cell proliferation,and antibacterial was investigated on Ag@MP micropatterns.Therefore,the proposed protocol to prepare hydrogel core-shell micropattern by the home-built Fs-MOPL technique is prospective for potential applications in the biomedical and biotechnological fields,such as biosensors,cell imaging,and antimicrobial.
基金supported by the HFIPS Director’s Foundation(YZJJ202207-TS),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82371931)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2008085MC69)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hefei City(2021033)the General Scientific Research Project of Anhui Provincial Health Commission(AHWJ2021b150)the Collaborative Innovation Program of Hefei Science Center,CAS(2021HSC-CIP013)the Anhui Province Key Research and Development Project(202204295107020004).
文摘Semantic segmentation of eye images is a complex task with important applications in human–computer interaction,cognitive science,and neuroscience.Achieving real-time,accurate,and robust segmentation algorithms is crucial for computationally limited portable devices such as augmented reality and virtual reality.With the rapid advancements in deep learning,many network models have been developed specifically for eye image segmentation.Some methods divide the segmentation process into multiple stages to achieve model parameter miniaturization while enhancing output through post processing techniques to improve segmentation accuracy.These approaches significantly increase the inference time.Other networks adopt more complex encoding and decoding modules to achieve end-to-end output,which requires substantial computation.Therefore,balancing the model’s size,accuracy,and computational complexity is essential.To address these challenges,we propose a lightweight asymmetric UNet architecture and a projection loss function.We utilize ResNet-3 layer blocks to enhance feature extraction efficiency in the encoding stage.In the decoding stage,we employ regular convolutions and skip connections to upscale the feature maps from the latent space to the original image size,balancing the model size and segmentation accuracy.In addition,we leverage the geometric features of the eye region and design a projection loss function to further improve the segmentation accuracy without adding any additional inference computational cost.We validate our approach on the OpenEDS2019 dataset for virtual reality and achieve state-of-the-art performance with 95.33%mean intersection over union(mIoU).Our model has only 0.63M parameters and 350 FPS,which are 68%and 200%of the state-of-the-art model RITNet,respectively.
文摘Thepaper investigates the properties of the Lambert equivalent azimuthal projection,which is often used in normal aspect in atlases for maps of the northern and southern hemispheres.The field of research is theoretical in nature and assumes a mastery of mathematics because it deals with map projections.The transverse aspect is commonly used for eastern and western hemisphere atlas maps.In addition,the Hammer projection was created fromthe transverse aspect of that projection.Therefore,if we want to get to know the Hammer projection better,we must first investigate the Lambert equivalent azimuthal projection in detail.While investigating this projection,it was observed that the equations of the transverse aspect can be represented in several ways.After that,it was necessary to determine the most suitable form of the equations of that projection for the calculation of partial derivatives,which are necessary for determining distortions.The article presents the distribution of factors of local linear scales along the(pseudo)meridians and(pseudo)parallels,and found that in the Lambert equivalent azimuthal projection,there can exist only one point where the distortion is equal to zero.The general case of a normal and transverse Lambert equivalent azimuthal projection has not been observed so far,and that is the new contribution of this article.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2018YFC1505402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41871174)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.2020YFSY0013)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities Project(No.2682019CX19)。
文摘Benefit evaluation of debris flow prevention and control projects was one of the essential contents of debris flow prevention and mitigation work.In order to scientifically and quantitatively evaluate the comprehensive benefit of debris flow prevention and control projects,this study identified nine factors as evaluation indicators from economic,social,and ecological aspects.The projection pursuit(PP) model based on the improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO) algorithm was used to construct a mathematical model to evaluate the benefit of debris flow prevention and control projects.The interpolation method was applied to divide the benefit grades.The debris flow prevention and control projects in Qipan,Taoguan,Chutou,Anjia,and Mozi gullies in Wenchuan County were chosen as typical cases for empirical analysis.The case study revealed that,among the criteria layer indicators,investment per unit of the protected area,investment per unit of the protected population,the amount of water and soil conservation,and reduction rate of accumulation fan had the most significant weights.The social and ecological benefits were found to be the more important in the target layer.The comprehensive benefit of Qipan,Taoguan,Chutou,Anjia,and Mozi gullies was found to be 4.44,4.83,1.95,3,and 2,respectively.The benefit ranking of the five gullies was consistent with their effectiveness in disaster prevention ranking in the flood season of 2019.Therefore,it could prove that the newly-built benefit evaluation model was practical and feasible,and the evaluation results of the sample could be reasonably interpreted,which verified the effectiveness of the methods.
基金Supported by the Grant of National Science Foundation of China(11971433)Zhejiang Gongshang University“Digital+”Disciplinary Construction Management Project(SZJ2022B004)+1 种基金Institute for International People-to-People Exchange in Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Manufacturing(CCIPERGZN202439)the Development Fund for Zhejiang College of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics(2023FZJJ15).
文摘As data becomes increasingly complex,measuring dependence among variables is of great interest.However,most existing measures of dependence are limited to the Euclidean setting and cannot effectively characterize the complex relationships.In this paper,we propose a novel method for constructing independence tests for random elements in Hilbert spaces,which includes functional data as a special case.Our approach is using distance covariance of random projections to build a test statistic that is computationally efficient and exhibits strong power performance.We prove the equivalence between testing for independence expressed on the original and the projected covariates,bridging the gap between measures of testing independence in Euclidean spaces and Hilbert spaces.Implementation of the test involves calibration by permutation and combining several p-values from different projections using the false discovery rate method.Simulation studies and real data examples illustrate the finite sample properties of the proposed method under a variety of scenarios.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB2804603,2022YFB2804605)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21B2033)+4 种基金Fundamental Research Funds forthe Central Universities(2023102001,2024202002)National Key Laborato-ry of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics(JCKYS2024212111)China Post-doctoral Science Fund(2023T160318)Open Research Fund of JiangsuKey Laboratory of Spectral Imaging&Intelligent Sense(JSGP202105,JSGP202201)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX25_0695,SJCX25_0188)。
文摘Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have transformed three-dimensional(3D)optical imaging and metrology,enabling high-resolution and high-precision 3D surface geometry measurements from one single fringe pattern projection.However,the imaging speed of conventional fringe projection profilometry(FPP)remains limited by the native sensor refresh rates due to the inherent"one-to-one"synchronization mechanism between pattern projection and image acquisition in standard structured light techniques.Here,we present dual-frequency angular-multiplexed fringe projection profilometry(DFAMFPP),a deep learning-enabled 3D imaging technique that achieves high-speed,high-precision,and large-depth-range absolute 3D surface measurements at speeds 16 times faster than the sensor's native frame rate.By encoding multi-timeframe 3D information into a single multiplexed image using multiple pairs of dual-frequency fringes,high-accuracy absolute phase maps are reconstructed using specially trained two-stage number-theoretical-based deep neural networks.We validate the effectiveness of DFAMFPP through dynamic scene measurements,achieving 10,000 Hz 3D imaging of a running turbofan engine prototype with only a 625 Hz camera.By overcoming the sensor hardware bottleneck,DFAMFPP significantly advances high-speed and ultra-high-speed 3D imaging,opening new avenues for exploring dynamic processes across diverse scientific disciplines.
文摘Let X be a real uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space and C a nonempty closed and convex subset of X.Let Π_(C):X→C denote the generalized metric projection operator introduced by Alber in[1].In this paper,we define the Gâteaux directional differentiability of Π_(C).We investigate some properties of the Gâteaux directional differentiability of Π_(C).In particular,if C is a closed ball,or a closed and convex cone(including proper closed subspaces),or a closed and convex cylinder,then,we give the exact representations of the directional derivatives of Π_(C).By comparing the results in[12]and this paper,we see the significant difference between the directional derivatives of the generalized metric projection operator Π_(C) and the Gâteaux directional derivatives of the standard metric projection operator PC.
文摘Currently,the international economic situation is becoming increasingly complex,and there is significant downward pressure on the global economy.In recent years,China’s infrastructure sector has experienced rapid growth,with the structure of its power engineering business gradually shifting from traditional infrastructure construction to more diversified areas such as production and operation,as well as emergency repairs.As a result,the transformation of mechanized construction in power transmission and transformation projects has become increasingly urgent.This article proposes a post-evaluation model based on game theory to improve comprehensive weighting and fuzzy grey relational projection sorting,which can be used to evaluate the optimal mechanized construction scheme for power transmission and transformation projects.The model begins by considering the entire lifecycle of power transmission and transformation projects.It constructs a post-evaluation index system that covers the planning and design stage,on-site construction stage,operation and maintenance stage,and the decommissioning and disposal stage,with corresponding calculation methods for each index.The fuzzy grey correlation projection sorting method is then employed to evaluate and rank the construction schemes.To validate the model’s effectiveness,a case study of a power transmission and transformation project in a specific region of China is used.The comprehensive benefits of three proposed mechanized construction schemes are evaluated and compared.According to the evaluation results,Scheme 1 is ranked the highest,with a membership degree of 0.870945,excelling in sustainability.These results suggest that the proposed model can effectively evaluate and make decisions regarding the optimal mechanized construction plan for power transmission and transformation projects.
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(Grant No.2021-I2M-1-011)the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(Grant No.CFH2024-2G-40214).
文摘Objective:This study aimed to analyze the temporal trends in cancer mortality in China from 2013-2021 and project the future trends through 2030.Methods:This study was based on the China Causes of Death Surveillance Dataset,which covers 2.37 billion person-years.Age-standardized mortality rates(ASMRs)were calculated using Segi’s world standard population and the trends were evaluated via Joinpoint regression.Bayesian age-period-cohort models were used for mortality projections.Contributions of demographic changes(population size and age structure)and risk factors to the mortality burden were quantified using the decomposition analysis.Results:The combined ASMRs for all cancers decreased annually by 2.3%,driven by significant declines in esophageal(4.8%),stomach(4.5%),and liver cancers(2.7%).In contrast,the pancreatic and prostate cancer ASMRs increased by 2.0% and 3.4% annually,respectively.Urban areas demonstrated a more rapid decline in the combined ASMRs for all cancers[average annual percent change(AAPC)=-3.0% in urban areas vs.-2.0% in rural areas],highlighting persistent disparities.Population aging contributed 20%-50% to death increases between 2013 and 2021.The combined ASMRs for all cancers,like the findings of temporal trend analyses,will continue to decrease and the regional(urban and rural)difference is projected to simulate that of the temporal trend through 2030.In fact,cancer deaths are projected to reach 2.4 million by 2030.Conclusions:The cancer burden in China is facing the dual challenges of population aging and urban-rural disparities.It is necessary to prioritize rural screening,control risk factors,such as smoking and diet,and integrate more efficacious cancer prevention and control programmes into the policy to reduce mortality in the future.
基金supported by the Shan⁃dong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2022MF314).
文摘The adaptive filtering algorithm with a fixed projection order is unable to adjust its performance in response to changes in the external environment of airborne radars.To overcome this limitation,a new approach is introduced,which is the variable projection order Ekblom norm-promoted adaptive algorithm(VPO-EPAA).The method begins by examining the mean squared deviation(MSD)of the EPAA,deriving a formula for its MSD.Next,it compares the MSD of EPAA at two different projection orders and selects the one that minimizes the MSD as the parameter for the current iteration.Furthermore,the algorithm’s computational complexity is analyzed theoretically.Simulation results from system identification and self-interference cancellation show that the proposed algorithm performs exceptionally well in airborne radar signal self-interference cancellation,even under various noise intensities and types of interference.
基金jointly supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2242203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41905070)+4 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2021A1515011421,2023A1515240067,2023B1515020009)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC1505801)supported by the Guangdong Provincial Marine Meteorology Science Data Center(2024B1212070014)the China Meteorology Administration Key Innovation Team of Tropical Meteorology(Grant No.CMA2023ZD08)State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Project No.LTO2311)。
文摘Revealing regional climate changes is vital for policymaking activities related to climate change adaptation and mitigation.South China is a well-developed region with a dense population,but the level of uncertainty in climate projections remains to be evaluated in detail.In this study,we comprehensively assessed the historical simulations and future projections of climate change in South China based on CMIP5/CMIP6 models.We show evidence that CMIP5/CMIP6 models can skillfully reproduce the observed distributions of annual/seasonal mean temperature but show much lower skill for precipitation.CMIP6 outperforms CMIP5 in the historical simulations,as evidenced by more models with lower bias magnitude and higher skill scores.During 2021–2100,the annual mean temperature over South China is projected to increase significantly at a rate of 0.53(0.42–0.63)and 0.59(0.52–0.66)℃(10 yr)^(-1),while precipitation is projected to increase slightly at a rate of 0.78(0.15–1.56)and 1.52(0.91–2.30)%(10 yr)^(-1),under the RCP8.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios,respectively.CMIP6 models project larger annual/seasonal mean temperature and precipitation trends than CMIP5 models under equivalent scenarios.The temperature in South China is projected to increase robustly by more than1.5℃during 2041–2060 under RCP4.5 and SSP2-4.5,but by 4.5℃during 2081–2100,under RCP8.5 and SSP5-8.5 with respect to 1850–1900.The uncertainty in temperature projections is mainly dominated by model uncertainty and scenario uncertainty,while internal uncertainty contributes some of the uncertainty during the near-term.The uncertainty in precipitation projection stems mainly from internal uncertainty and model uncertainty.For both the temperature and precipitation projection uncertainty,the relative sizes of contributions from the main contributors vary with time and show obvious seasonal differences.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Program Project of Tianjin(No.24ZXZSSS00300).
文摘Grating fringe projection 3D measurement techniques are extensively applied in various fields.However,in high dynamic range scenarios with significant surface reflectivity variations,uneven greyscale distribution may lead to phase errors and poor reconstruction results.To address this problem,an adaptive fringe projection method is introduced.The method involves projecting two sets of dark and light fringes onto the object,enabling the full-field projection intensity map to be generated adaptively based on greyscale analysis.First,dark fringes are projected onto the object to extend exposure time as long as possible without causing overexposure in the image.Subsequently,bright fringes are projected under the same exposure settings to detect overexposed pixels,and the greyscale distribution of these overexposed points from the previous dark fringe projection is analyzed to calculate the corresponding projection intensities.Finally,absolute phase information from orthogonal fringes is used for coordinate matching,enabling the generation of adaptive projection fringe patterns.Experiments on various high dynamic range objects show that compared to conventional fringe projection binocular reconstruction method,the proposed algorithm achieves complete reconstruction of high dynamic range surfaces and shows robust performance against phase calculation errors caused by overexposure and low modulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12171075)the Science and Technology Research Project of Education Department of Jilin Province(JJKH20241406KJ)Zhan’s research was supported by the Doctoral Startup Fund of Liaoning University of Technology(XB2024029).
文摘In this paper,it is shown that the harmonic Bergman projection P_(ω)^(h),induced by a radial,induced by a radial weightω,is bounded and onto from L^(∞)(D)to the harmonic Bloch space B_(h)if and only ifω∈D,,which is a class of radial weights satisfying the two-sided doubling conditions.As an application,the bounded and compact positive Toeplitz operators T_(μ,ω)on the endpoint case weighted harmonic Bergman space L_(h,ω)^(1)(D)are characterized.
基金supported by the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Innovation-Driven Development Joint Funds(No.CSTB2025NSCQ-LZX0055)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(No.2021385)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of South-Central Minzu University(No.CZQ24028)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2023AFB782)the Program of China Scholarship Council(No.202407780001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51809008)the Fund for Academic Innovation Teams of South-Central Minzu University(No.XTZ24019).
文摘Estimation and attribution of evapotranspiration(ET)and its components under changing environment is still a challenge but is essential for understanding the mechanisms of water and energy transfer for regional water resources management.In this study,an improved hydrological model is developed to estimate evapotranspiration and its components,i.e.,evaporation(E)and transpiration(T)by integrated the advantages of hydrological modeling constrained by water balance and the water-carbon close relationships.Results show that the improved hydrological model could captures ET and its components well in the study region.During the past years,annual ET and E increase obviously about 2.40 and 1.42 mm/a,particularly in spring and summer accounting for 90%.T shows less increasement and mainly increases in spring while it decreases in summer.Precipitation is the dominant factor and contributes 74.1%and 90.0%increases of annual ET and E,while the attribution of T changes is more complex by coupling of the positive effects of precipitation,rising temperature and interactive influences,the negative effects of solar diming and elevated CO_(2).In the future,ET and its components tend to increase under most of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSP)scenarios except for T decreases under the very high emissions scenario(SSP5-8.5)based on the projections.From seasonal perspective,the changes of ET and the components are mainly in spring and summer accounting for 75%,while more slight changes are found in autumn and winter.This study highlights the effectiveness of estimating ET and its components by improving hydrological models within water-carbon coupling relationships,and more complex mechanisms of transpiration changes than evapotranspiration and evaporation changes under the interactive effects of climate variability and vegetation dynamics.Besides,decision makers should pay attention to the more increases in the undesirable E than desirable T.
文摘In recent years,the demand for synchronous acquisition of three-dimensional(3D)shape and col-or texture has surged in fields such as cultural heritage preservation and healthcare.Addressing this need,this paper proposes a novel method for simultaneous 3D shape and color texture capture.First,a linear model correlating camera exposure time with grayscale values is established.Through exposure time calibration,the projected red,green and blue(RGB)light and white-light grayscale values captured by a monochrome cam-era are aligned.Then,three sets of color fringes are projected onto the object to identify optimal pixels for 3D reconstruction.And,three pure-color patterns are projected to synthesize the color texture.Experimental res-ults show that this method effectively achieves synchronous 3D shape and color texture acquisition,offering high speed and precision,and avoids color crosstalk interference common in 3D reconstruction of colored ob-jects using a monochrome camera.
