Background:Despite highly effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2,COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy persisted in some populations in England during the pandemic,with rates and motivations for hesitancy varying by demographic g...Background:Despite highly effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2,COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy persisted in some populations in England during the pandemic,with rates and motivations for hesitancy varying by demographic group.Addressing the drivers of vaccine hesitancy through targeted interventions in hesitant groups is a public health priority for better and more rapid control of disease spread.We aimed to characterise the determinants and subtypes of vaccine hesitancy and identify more persistent forms of hesitancy via analysis of vaccine uptake in a large cross-sectional cohort with linked National Health Service(NHS)data.展开更多
This study investigated the application and the effect of Group Investigation(GI) in the College English Program in a Chinese University. A qualitative case study method was used to understand the GI system used by Ch...This study investigated the application and the effect of Group Investigation(GI) in the College English Program in a Chinese University. A qualitative case study method was used to understand the GI system used by Chinese instructors as well as the achievements acquired and challenges met by the participants. Three instructors and fifteen second-year-undergraduates taking a course titled Sources of European Culture participated. Interviews, observations, and documents were used to collect the data. Data analysis showed Chinese instructors applied a GI technique similar to that discussed by Johnson and Johnson(1999); however, GI in the Chinese context demanded more effort from the teacher for designing tasks and provided help in modeling uses of English and in preparing visual, especially Power Point, presentations. Although participants used their mother tongue at some stages, their autonomy over English learning was activated, and horizons in the course content were broadened.展开更多
<正>一、什么是STUDY GROUP STUDY GROUP是牛津大学的A.B.Tayler博士和当时他的学生J.Ockendon等人在1968年创立的,它的原名是Oxford Study Group with Industry。这种活动历时一周,是由数学工作者和工业界人士参加的旨在解决实...<正>一、什么是STUDY GROUP STUDY GROUP是牛津大学的A.B.Tayler博士和当时他的学生J.Ockendon等人在1968年创立的,它的原名是Oxford Study Group with Industry。这种活动历时一周,是由数学工作者和工业界人士参加的旨在解决实际问题的研讨会。在研讨会的第一天,由工业界代表陈述要解决的问题和目的要求,通常会有5~6个问题。后续2~3天按问题分组讨论,试图建立问题的数学模型和求解方法来解决问题。展开更多
Objective To investigate whether ABO blood groups is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease(CAD). Methods Between January 2015 and December 2017, 1425 first diagnosed CAD patients confirmed by selecti...Objective To investigate whether ABO blood groups is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease(CAD). Methods Between January 2015 and December 2017, 1425 first diagnosed CAD patients confirmed by selective coronary angiography were recruited into this cross-sectional study, and their baseline characteristics, ABO blood groups, Gensini score were collected. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to test the association between the severity of CAD and ABO blood groups. Results The Gensini score was significantly higher in the blood group A than in the non-A groups(41.2 ± 32 vs. 38 ± 27;P = 0.026). After adjusting for age, male, smoking, family history of CAD, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia, multivariate linear regression indicated that blood group A was associated with the severity of CAD(β= 3.298, 95% CI: 0.91–6.505, P = 0.044). In diabetes group, A blood type was also associated with increased Gensini score(P = 0.02) after adjusting for age, male, family history of CAD, hypercholesterolemia, smoking and hypertension. Conclusion In this cross-sectional study, the data indicated that blood group A was an independent risk factor of severity of CAD in Chinese population and Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.展开更多
Background and Objective: A multitude of large cohort studies have data on incidence rates and predictors of various chronic diseases. However, approaches for utilization of these costly collected data and translation...Background and Objective: A multitude of large cohort studies have data on incidence rates and predictors of various chronic diseases. However, approaches for utilization of these costly collected data and translation of these?valuable results to inform and guide clinical disease prevention practice are?not well developed. In this paper we proposed a novel conceptual group/community disease prevention design strategy based on large cohort study data. Methods and Results: The data from participants (n = 3516;2056 women) aged 45 to 74 years and the diabetes risk prediction model from Strong Heart Study were used. The Strong Heart Study is a population-based cohort study of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in American Indians. A conceptual group/community disease prevention design strategy based on large cohort data was initiated. The application of the proposed strategy for group diabetes prevention was illustrated. Discussion: The strategy may provide reasonable solutions to the prevention design issues. These issues include complex associations of a disease with its combined and correlated risk factors, individual differences, choosing intervention risk factors and setting their appropriate, attainable, gradual and adaptive goal levels for different subgroups, and assessing effectiveness of the prevention program. Conclusions: The strategy and methods shown in the illustration example can be analogously adopted and applied for other diseases preventions. The proposed strategy for a target group/community in a population provides a way to translate and apply epidemiological study results to clinical disease prevention practice.展开更多
Knowledge propagation is a necessity,both in academics and in the industry.The focus of this work is on how to achieve rapid knowledge propaga-tion using collaborative study groups.The practice of knowledge sharing in...Knowledge propagation is a necessity,both in academics and in the industry.The focus of this work is on how to achieve rapid knowledge propaga-tion using collaborative study groups.The practice of knowledge sharing in study groupsfinds relevance in conferences,workshops,and class rooms.Unfortu-nately,there appears to be only few researches on empirical best practices and techniques on study groups formation,especially for achieving rapid knowledge propagation.This work bridges this gap by presenting a workflow driven compu-tational algorithm for autonomous and unbiased formation of study groups.The system workflow consists of a chronology of stages,each made of distinct steps.Two of the most important steps,subsumed within the algorithmic stage,are the algorithms that resolve the decisional problem of number of study groups to be formed,as well as the most effective permutation of the study group participants to form collaborative pairs.This work contributes a number of new algorithmic concepts,such as autonomous and unbiased matching,exhaustive multiplication technique,twisted round-robin transversal,equilibrium summation,among others.The concept of autonomous and unbiased matching is centered on the constitution of study groups and pairs purely based on the participants’performances in an examination,rather than through any external process.As part of practical demon-stration of this work,study group formation as well as unbiased pairing were fully demonstrated for a collaborative learning size of forty(40)participants,and partially for study groups of 50,60 and 80 participants.The quantitative proof of this work was done through the technique called equilibrium summation,as well as the calculation of inter-study group Pearson Correlation Coefficients,which resulted in values higher than 0.9 in all cases.Real life experimentation was carried out while teaching Object-Oriented Programming to forty(40)under-graduates between February and May 2021.Empirical result showed that the per-formance of the learners was improved appreciably.This work will therefore be of immense benefit to the industry,academics and research community involved in collaborative learning.展开更多
Pseudopleuronectes yokamae (Günther) is one of the most important economic fish species in the genus living specially in the northwest Pacific, and is distributed in the southern area of the far east sea of Russi...Pseudopleuronectes yokamae (Günther) is one of the most important economic fish species in the genus living specially in the northwest Pacific, and is distributed in the southern area of the far east sea of Russia, Japan, Korea, the Huanghai Sea, the Bohai Sea and the northern area of the East China Sea. Usually they live in nearshore waters of these areas as geographic subpopulations. P. yokamae in the Sheath Bay belongs to a local group of the Huanghai-Bohai Sea subpopulation and is distributed in the mouth and adjacent waters of the bay all the year round, and the catch of its spawning group has展开更多
Tricyclic compound 6 was synthesized form compound 1 through sis steps, thus preblem of the stereochemistry of C2α-H being solved. The stereochemistry for introducing hydroxy groups at C3β and C4α positions in com...Tricyclic compound 6 was synthesized form compound 1 through sis steps, thus preblem of the stereochemistry of C2α-H being solved. The stereochemistry for introducing hydroxy groups at C3β and C4α positions in compound 1 was also described.展开更多
I.Lenovo: refocus on PC operation On December 8th, 2004, Lenovo consummated a deal with IBM whereby Lenovo was to acquire IBM’s desktop and laptop PC unit and its R&D and procurement operations worldwide for the...I.Lenovo: refocus on PC operation On December 8th, 2004, Lenovo consummated a deal with IBM whereby Lenovo was to acquire IBM’s desktop and laptop PC unit and its R&D and procurement operations worldwide for the sum of US$1.25 billion. On May 1st 2005, Lenovo completed its acquisition of IBM’s PC Unit. "Using an analogy, our enterprise is well likened to a tortoise but our foreign competitor is more like a rabbit. Instead of racing against the rabbit heads-on, we would rather ride on its back and let it carry us forward," said former Lenovo Chairman Liu Chuanzhi.展开更多
This research examines Samoan student experiences in two Homework Study Groups （HSGs） in Melbourne using a researcher-practitioner approach. It highlights that school teachers need to acknowledge students＇ preferre...This research examines Samoan student experiences in two Homework Study Groups （HSGs） in Melbourne using a researcher-practitioner approach. It highlights that school teachers need to acknowledge students＇ preferred learning methods, especially those of minority backgrounds like the Samoan participants in this investigation. A detailed exploration of the experiences of students in two HSGs finds that while students and their families place a high priority on learning, their cultural practices are not compatible with standard Western learning approaches. The HSGs provided a social space in which students could ask the teacher questions without fear of appearing foolish, in which they could apply themselves to study. It provided a physical study space away from the demands some Samoan families place on their young people, and it provided a cultural space in which the students could learn according to fa＇aSamoa （traditional values and beliefs）. This research makes a contribution to an understanding of the motivations of Melbourne-based Samoan students to learn, of what concerns them, and of impediments to their educational success. It also offers insight into the benefits that set up a specific space for students offers, when its specific intent is influencing the merging of Samoan and Western ideas to further learning.展开更多
As a region inhabited by large populations of ethnic minority groups,Gansu province boasts rich ethnic cultural resources which reflect traditional culture and intangible cultural heritage that had taken shape thousan...As a region inhabited by large populations of ethnic minority groups,Gansu province boasts rich ethnic cultural resources which reflect traditional culture and intangible cultural heritage that had taken shape thousands of years ago.Among these are various ethnic folk chess games.They are time-honored with many types such as the“Fang”chess of the Hui ethnic group,the“Jiu”chess of the Tibetans,the“King and Ministers”chess,the Mongolian chess,the Mongolian military chess,etc.These games embody distinctive ethnic and regional characteristics,as well as the cultural elements of a particular ethnic minority group.It is of great significance,therefore,to study the ethnic chess by collecting,documenting and comparing different types of related chess.The paper explores ways to standardize,protect and promote them scientifically in joint efforts,and draws a conclusion that examining their significance in the present era and the ethnic characteristics is the key to understanding the profound culture behind the chess.展开更多
作为数学工作者和产业界专业人士共同探讨实际问题的数学建模及其解决方案的一种国际合作形式,诞生40多年的Study Group with Industry(工业与应用数学国际研讨会)活动遍及世界各大洲,为数学工作者参与高技术领域的创新、产业部门发现...作为数学工作者和产业界专业人士共同探讨实际问题的数学建模及其解决方案的一种国际合作形式,诞生40多年的Study Group with Industry(工业与应用数学国际研讨会)活动遍及世界各大洲,为数学工作者参与高技术领域的创新、产业部门发现和培养高素质人才提供了有效的平台。在中国科学院院士李大潜、英国皇家学会会员(Fellow)J.Ockendon的大力推动下,这项活动在中国的影响力正在逐步扩大[1]。展开更多
Objective:Patient safety culture is a concern in every healthcare organization,therefore,the healthcare leadership is encountering issues related to patient safety across the globe.In India,there is limited research a...Objective:Patient safety culture is a concern in every healthcare organization,therefore,the healthcare leadership is encountering issues related to patient safety across the globe.In India,there is limited research and information about patient safety culture among healthcare stakeholders and there is relatively little qualitative research available that captures the factors of patient safety culture.Hence,this study aims to explore the perception of healthcare professionals on patient safety culture.Methods:An exploratory qualitative study design was adopted in a tertiary care hospital.Structured focus group discussion(FGD)(n=4)among healthcare professionals and two in-depth interview focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed.Two coders reviewed transcripts using the editing approach and organized codes into themes.The data were analyzed through MAXQDA 2022(VERBI Software GmbH,Berlin,Germany),qualitative data analysis software,and descriptive analysis technique.The main codes and themes were generated using inductive and deductive method and smart coding was done.Results:Overall,there were 190 unique mentions of codes related to patient safety culture from 4 FGDs.They were categorized into 6 major themes and subcodes were derived via smart coding using the MAXQDA software.“Resources and constraints”was the most prominent code,followed by management support,manpower shortage,burnout,and lack of personnel commitment.Conclusions:The study highlights significant gaps in patient safety culture within the healthcare setting,with resource constraints,management support,and manpower shortages emerging as critical challenges.Burnout and lack of personnel commitment further exacerbate these issues,underscoring the need for targeted interventions.展开更多
文摘Background:Despite highly effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2,COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy persisted in some populations in England during the pandemic,with rates and motivations for hesitancy varying by demographic group.Addressing the drivers of vaccine hesitancy through targeted interventions in hesitant groups is a public health priority for better and more rapid control of disease spread.We aimed to characterise the determinants and subtypes of vaccine hesitancy and identify more persistent forms of hesitancy via analysis of vaccine uptake in a large cross-sectional cohort with linked National Health Service(NHS)data.
基金supported by the 2013 Fundamental Re-search Funds for the Central Universities of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityThe Subject of Shaanxi Province Educational Science Twelveth-Five-Year Plan
文摘This study investigated the application and the effect of Group Investigation(GI) in the College English Program in a Chinese University. A qualitative case study method was used to understand the GI system used by Chinese instructors as well as the achievements acquired and challenges met by the participants. Three instructors and fifteen second-year-undergraduates taking a course titled Sources of European Culture participated. Interviews, observations, and documents were used to collect the data. Data analysis showed Chinese instructors applied a GI technique similar to that discussed by Johnson and Johnson(1999); however, GI in the Chinese context demanded more effort from the teacher for designing tasks and provided help in modeling uses of English and in preparing visual, especially Power Point, presentations. Although participants used their mother tongue at some stages, their autonomy over English learning was activated, and horizons in the course content were broadened.
文摘<正>一、什么是STUDY GROUP STUDY GROUP是牛津大学的A.B.Tayler博士和当时他的学生J.Ockendon等人在1968年创立的,它的原名是Oxford Study Group with Industry。这种活动历时一周,是由数学工作者和工业界人士参加的旨在解决实际问题的研讨会。在研讨会的第一天,由工业界代表陈述要解决的问题和目的要求,通常会有5~6个问题。后续2~3天按问题分组讨论,试图建立问题的数学模型和求解方法来解决问题。
基金supported by grants from Clinical Vascular Grant in Chinese Physicians—VG
文摘Objective To investigate whether ABO blood groups is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease(CAD). Methods Between January 2015 and December 2017, 1425 first diagnosed CAD patients confirmed by selective coronary angiography were recruited into this cross-sectional study, and their baseline characteristics, ABO blood groups, Gensini score were collected. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to test the association between the severity of CAD and ABO blood groups. Results The Gensini score was significantly higher in the blood group A than in the non-A groups(41.2 ± 32 vs. 38 ± 27;P = 0.026). After adjusting for age, male, smoking, family history of CAD, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia, multivariate linear regression indicated that blood group A was associated with the severity of CAD(β= 3.298, 95% CI: 0.91–6.505, P = 0.044). In diabetes group, A blood type was also associated with increased Gensini score(P = 0.02) after adjusting for age, male, family history of CAD, hypercholesterolemia, smoking and hypertension. Conclusion In this cross-sectional study, the data indicated that blood group A was an independent risk factor of severity of CAD in Chinese population and Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.
文摘Background and Objective: A multitude of large cohort studies have data on incidence rates and predictors of various chronic diseases. However, approaches for utilization of these costly collected data and translation of these?valuable results to inform and guide clinical disease prevention practice are?not well developed. In this paper we proposed a novel conceptual group/community disease prevention design strategy based on large cohort study data. Methods and Results: The data from participants (n = 3516;2056 women) aged 45 to 74 years and the diabetes risk prediction model from Strong Heart Study were used. The Strong Heart Study is a population-based cohort study of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in American Indians. A conceptual group/community disease prevention design strategy based on large cohort data was initiated. The application of the proposed strategy for group diabetes prevention was illustrated. Discussion: The strategy may provide reasonable solutions to the prevention design issues. These issues include complex associations of a disease with its combined and correlated risk factors, individual differences, choosing intervention risk factors and setting their appropriate, attainable, gradual and adaptive goal levels for different subgroups, and assessing effectiveness of the prevention program. Conclusions: The strategy and methods shown in the illustration example can be analogously adopted and applied for other diseases preventions. The proposed strategy for a target group/community in a population provides a way to translate and apply epidemiological study results to clinical disease prevention practice.
文摘Knowledge propagation is a necessity,both in academics and in the industry.The focus of this work is on how to achieve rapid knowledge propaga-tion using collaborative study groups.The practice of knowledge sharing in study groupsfinds relevance in conferences,workshops,and class rooms.Unfortu-nately,there appears to be only few researches on empirical best practices and techniques on study groups formation,especially for achieving rapid knowledge propagation.This work bridges this gap by presenting a workflow driven compu-tational algorithm for autonomous and unbiased formation of study groups.The system workflow consists of a chronology of stages,each made of distinct steps.Two of the most important steps,subsumed within the algorithmic stage,are the algorithms that resolve the decisional problem of number of study groups to be formed,as well as the most effective permutation of the study group participants to form collaborative pairs.This work contributes a number of new algorithmic concepts,such as autonomous and unbiased matching,exhaustive multiplication technique,twisted round-robin transversal,equilibrium summation,among others.The concept of autonomous and unbiased matching is centered on the constitution of study groups and pairs purely based on the participants’performances in an examination,rather than through any external process.As part of practical demon-stration of this work,study group formation as well as unbiased pairing were fully demonstrated for a collaborative learning size of forty(40)participants,and partially for study groups of 50,60 and 80 participants.The quantitative proof of this work was done through the technique called equilibrium summation,as well as the calculation of inter-study group Pearson Correlation Coefficients,which resulted in values higher than 0.9 in all cases.Real life experimentation was carried out while teaching Object-Oriented Programming to forty(40)under-graduates between February and May 2021.Empirical result showed that the per-formance of the learners was improved appreciably.This work will therefore be of immense benefit to the industry,academics and research community involved in collaborative learning.
文摘Pseudopleuronectes yokamae (Günther) is one of the most important economic fish species in the genus living specially in the northwest Pacific, and is distributed in the southern area of the far east sea of Russia, Japan, Korea, the Huanghai Sea, the Bohai Sea and the northern area of the East China Sea. Usually they live in nearshore waters of these areas as geographic subpopulations. P. yokamae in the Sheath Bay belongs to a local group of the Huanghai-Bohai Sea subpopulation and is distributed in the mouth and adjacent waters of the bay all the year round, and the catch of its spawning group has
文摘Tricyclic compound 6 was synthesized form compound 1 through sis steps, thus preblem of the stereochemistry of C2α-H being solved. The stereochemistry for introducing hydroxy groups at C3β and C4α positions in compound 1 was also described.
文摘I.Lenovo: refocus on PC operation On December 8th, 2004, Lenovo consummated a deal with IBM whereby Lenovo was to acquire IBM’s desktop and laptop PC unit and its R&D and procurement operations worldwide for the sum of US$1.25 billion. On May 1st 2005, Lenovo completed its acquisition of IBM’s PC Unit. "Using an analogy, our enterprise is well likened to a tortoise but our foreign competitor is more like a rabbit. Instead of racing against the rabbit heads-on, we would rather ride on its back and let it carry us forward," said former Lenovo Chairman Liu Chuanzhi.
文摘This research examines Samoan student experiences in two Homework Study Groups （HSGs） in Melbourne using a researcher-practitioner approach. It highlights that school teachers need to acknowledge students＇ preferred learning methods, especially those of minority backgrounds like the Samoan participants in this investigation. A detailed exploration of the experiences of students in two HSGs finds that while students and their families place a high priority on learning, their cultural practices are not compatible with standard Western learning approaches. The HSGs provided a social space in which students could ask the teacher questions without fear of appearing foolish, in which they could apply themselves to study. It provided a physical study space away from the demands some Samoan families place on their young people, and it provided a cultural space in which the students could learn according to fa＇aSamoa （traditional values and beliefs）. This research makes a contribution to an understanding of the motivations of Melbourne-based Samoan students to learn, of what concerns them, and of impediments to their educational success. It also offers insight into the benefits that set up a specific space for students offers, when its specific intent is influencing the merging of Samoan and Western ideas to further learning.
文摘As a region inhabited by large populations of ethnic minority groups,Gansu province boasts rich ethnic cultural resources which reflect traditional culture and intangible cultural heritage that had taken shape thousands of years ago.Among these are various ethnic folk chess games.They are time-honored with many types such as the“Fang”chess of the Hui ethnic group,the“Jiu”chess of the Tibetans,the“King and Ministers”chess,the Mongolian chess,the Mongolian military chess,etc.These games embody distinctive ethnic and regional characteristics,as well as the cultural elements of a particular ethnic minority group.It is of great significance,therefore,to study the ethnic chess by collecting,documenting and comparing different types of related chess.The paper explores ways to standardize,protect and promote them scientifically in joint efforts,and draws a conclusion that examining their significance in the present era and the ethnic characteristics is the key to understanding the profound culture behind the chess.
文摘作为数学工作者和产业界专业人士共同探讨实际问题的数学建模及其解决方案的一种国际合作形式,诞生40多年的Study Group with Industry(工业与应用数学国际研讨会)活动遍及世界各大洲,为数学工作者参与高技术领域的创新、产业部门发现和培养高素质人才提供了有效的平台。在中国科学院院士李大潜、英国皇家学会会员(Fellow)J.Ockendon的大力推动下,这项活动在中国的影响力正在逐步扩大[1]。
文摘Objective:Patient safety culture is a concern in every healthcare organization,therefore,the healthcare leadership is encountering issues related to patient safety across the globe.In India,there is limited research and information about patient safety culture among healthcare stakeholders and there is relatively little qualitative research available that captures the factors of patient safety culture.Hence,this study aims to explore the perception of healthcare professionals on patient safety culture.Methods:An exploratory qualitative study design was adopted in a tertiary care hospital.Structured focus group discussion(FGD)(n=4)among healthcare professionals and two in-depth interview focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed.Two coders reviewed transcripts using the editing approach and organized codes into themes.The data were analyzed through MAXQDA 2022(VERBI Software GmbH,Berlin,Germany),qualitative data analysis software,and descriptive analysis technique.The main codes and themes were generated using inductive and deductive method and smart coding was done.Results:Overall,there were 190 unique mentions of codes related to patient safety culture from 4 FGDs.They were categorized into 6 major themes and subcodes were derived via smart coding using the MAXQDA software.“Resources and constraints”was the most prominent code,followed by management support,manpower shortage,burnout,and lack of personnel commitment.Conclusions:The study highlights significant gaps in patient safety culture within the healthcare setting,with resource constraints,management support,and manpower shortages emerging as critical challenges.Burnout and lack of personnel commitment further exacerbate these issues,underscoring the need for targeted interventions.
