Benefit evaluation of debris flow prevention and control projects was one of the essential contents of debris flow prevention and mitigation work.In order to scientifically and quantitatively evaluate the comprehensiv...Benefit evaluation of debris flow prevention and control projects was one of the essential contents of debris flow prevention and mitigation work.In order to scientifically and quantitatively evaluate the comprehensive benefit of debris flow prevention and control projects,this study identified nine factors as evaluation indicators from economic,social,and ecological aspects.The projection pursuit(PP) model based on the improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO) algorithm was used to construct a mathematical model to evaluate the benefit of debris flow prevention and control projects.The interpolation method was applied to divide the benefit grades.The debris flow prevention and control projects in Qipan,Taoguan,Chutou,Anjia,and Mozi gullies in Wenchuan County were chosen as typical cases for empirical analysis.The case study revealed that,among the criteria layer indicators,investment per unit of the protected area,investment per unit of the protected population,the amount of water and soil conservation,and reduction rate of accumulation fan had the most significant weights.The social and ecological benefits were found to be the more important in the target layer.The comprehensive benefit of Qipan,Taoguan,Chutou,Anjia,and Mozi gullies was found to be 4.44,4.83,1.95,3,and 2,respectively.The benefit ranking of the five gullies was consistent with their effectiveness in disaster prevention ranking in the flood season of 2019.Therefore,it could prove that the newly-built benefit evaluation model was practical and feasible,and the evaluation results of the sample could be reasonably interpreted,which verified the effectiveness of the methods.展开更多
Suzhou City,located in the Yangtze River Delta in China,is prone to flooding due to a complex combination of natural factors,including its monsoon climate,low elevation,and tidally influenced position,as well as inten...Suzhou City,located in the Yangtze River Delta in China,is prone to flooding due to a complex combination of natural factors,including its monsoon climate,low elevation,and tidally influenced position,as well as intensive human activities.The Large Encirclement Flood Control Project(LEFCP)was launched to cope with serious floods in the urban area.This project changed the spatiotemporal pattern of flood processes and caused spatial diversion of floods from the urban area to the outskirts of the city.Therefore,this study developed a distributed flood simulation model in order to understand this transition of flood processes.The results revealed that the LEFCP effectively protected the urban areas from floods,but the present scheduling schemes resulted in the spatial diversion of floods to the outskirts of the city.With rainstorm frequencies of 10.0%to 0.5%,the water level differences between two representative water level stations(Miduqiao(MDQ)and Fengqiao(FQ))located inside and outside the LEFCP area,ranged from 0.75 m to 0.24 m and from 1.80 m to 1.58 m,respectively.In addition,the flood safety margin at MDQ and the duration with the water level exceeding the warning water level at FQ ranged from 0.95 m to 0.43 m and from 4 h to 22 h,respectively.Rational scheduling schemes for the hydraulic facilities of the LEFCP in extreme precipitation cases were developed ac-cording to food simulations under seven scheduling scenarios.This helps to regulate the spatial flood diversion caused by the LEFCP during extreme precipitation.展开更多
Through analysis on the background to develop eco-tourism and necessity for ecological compensation,based on specific condition of Hukou County,in line with the situation to develop eco-tourism during ecological water...Through analysis on the background to develop eco-tourism and necessity for ecological compensation,based on specific condition of Hukou County,in line with the situation to develop eco-tourism during ecological water control project of Poyang Lake,residents' interest protection system and ecological benefit safeguard system for eco-tourism compensation were put forward.展开更多
In the management of engineering projects, cost control must be effectively implemented and it should be implemented in the whole process of project management. Of course, the cost control of engineering projects pres...In the management of engineering projects, cost control must be effectively implemented and it should be implemented in the whole process of project management. Of course, the cost control of engineering projects presents a strong technical, professional, which requires engineering consulting units to sum up the work experience, so as to ensure that the project cost control is more effective. Therefore, the whole process cost control of the project is mainly discussed in order to realize the fairness and fairness of the cost and to ensure the benefit of the project investment.展开更多
Project cost can control the input in construction project and improve economic benefits of construction enterprises,so it is an important section of construction engineering.Reasonable control and management of proje...Project cost can control the input in construction project and improve economic benefits of construction enterprises,so it is an important section of construction engineering.Reasonable control and management of project cost is the principle that building units must obey in the whole process of project,particularly in the construction stage,so it is extremely important to control and manage the project cost.This paper first analyzed possible causes for the unreasonable cost of construction projects,and put forward pertinent strategies for the control and management of construction project cost.展开更多
We further study the projective synchronization of a new hyperchaotic system. Different from the most existing methods, intermittent control is applied to chaotic synchronization in the present paper. We formulate the...We further study the projective synchronization of a new hyperchaotic system. Different from the most existing methods, intermittent control is applied to chaotic synchronization in the present paper. We formulate the intermittent control system that governs the dynamics of the projective synchronization error, then derive the sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of intermittent control system by using the Lyapunov stability theory, and finally establish the periodically intermittent controller according to the stability criterion by which the projective synchronization is expected to be achieved. The analytical results are also demonstrated by several numerical simulations.展开更多
Projections for 20 years of economic growth and change in the structure of the Thai economy were made for 180 sectors using a computable general equilibrium(CGE) model to compare the following four scenarios:(1) stand...Projections for 20 years of economic growth and change in the structure of the Thai economy were made for 180 sectors using a computable general equilibrium(CGE) model to compare the following four scenarios:(1) standard growth with infinite supply of factors,(2) finite land supply,(3) fixed use of agricultural chemicals,and(4) combined finite land supply with fixed use of agricultural chemicals.The computable projections suggest that the economic cost of hypothetical environmental control in agriculture is small and further weakened by urbanization.The computed structural development points to efficiency improvements specific to sectors to return the economy to balanced growth.展开更多
Xinqiao Gully is located in the area of the 2008 Wenchuan M_(s)8.0 earthquake in Sichuan province,China.Based on the investigation of the 2023"6-26"Xinqiao Gully debris flow event,this study assessed the eff...Xinqiao Gully is located in the area of the 2008 Wenchuan M_(s)8.0 earthquake in Sichuan province,China.Based on the investigation of the 2023"6-26"Xinqiao Gully debris flow event,this study assessed the effectiveness of the debris flow control project and evaluated the debris flow hazards.Through field investigation and numerical simulation methods,the indicators of flow intensity reduction rate and storage capacity fullness were proposed to quantify the effectiveness of the engineering measures in the debris flow event.The simulation results show that the debris flow control project reduced the flow intensity by41.05%to 64.61%.The storage capacity of the dam decreases gradually from upstream to the mouth of the gully,thus effectively intercepting and controlling the debris flow.By evaluating the debris flow of different recurrence intervals,further measures are recommended for managing debris flow events.展开更多
In this paper, a learning control approach is applied to the generalized projective synchronisation （GPS） of different chaotic systems with unknown periodically time-varying parameters. Using the Lyapunov--Krasovski...In this paper, a learning control approach is applied to the generalized projective synchronisation （GPS） of different chaotic systems with unknown periodically time-varying parameters. Using the Lyapunov--Krasovskii functional stability theory, a differential-difference mixed parametric learning law and an adaptive learning control law are constructed to make the states of two different chaotic systems asymptotically synchronised. The scheme is successfully applied to the generalized projective synchronisation between the Lorenz system and Chen system. Moreover, numerical simulations results are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.展开更多
This paper introduced the construction of the pumped-storage power station （PSPS）. In the excava- tion of underground power house, the principle of excavation in thin layer and support in time with real time monitor...This paper introduced the construction of the pumped-storage power station （PSPS）. In the excava- tion of underground power house, the principle of excavation in thin layer and support in time with real time monitoring are adopted. The excavation blasting parameters are adjusted timely. Through these, the excavation quality can be guaranteed, the surrounding rock can be prevented from being damaged and the deformation of power house side wall can be controlled. Five security defense lines have been adopted to solve anti-seepage and drainage in the major underground projects.展开更多
Based on the theory of activity-based costing and the idea of value chain,activity optimization and cost control are carried out on the whole construction process of agricultural water conservancy projects. Through th...Based on the theory of activity-based costing and the idea of value chain,activity optimization and cost control are carried out on the whole construction process of agricultural water conservancy projects. Through the use of literature review,case analysis and statistical analysis and other methods,with agricultural water conservancy projects as the research object,and comparing activity-based costing with the traditional model of cost accounting,the writer carries out the corresponding value chain analysis,and comes to the following conclusion: the statistical calculation and analysis of the entire construction process based on activity-based costing can accurately and effectively control the costs of water conservancy projects. Through the use of activity-based costing,the cost data of agricultural water conservancy projects is more detailed and accurate,and cost management personnel can also find non-value-added activities,optimize the enterprise's value chain and achieve cost control objectives through the analysis of the activity chain and value chain of agricultural water conservancy projects.展开更多
An adaptive fuzzy sliding mode strategy is developed for the generalized projective synchronization of a fractional- order chaotic system, where the slave system is not necessarily known in advance. Based on the desig...An adaptive fuzzy sliding mode strategy is developed for the generalized projective synchronization of a fractional- order chaotic system, where the slave system is not necessarily known in advance. Based on the designed adaptive update laws and the linear feedback method, the adaptive fuzzy sliding controllers are proposed via the fuzzy design, and the strength of the designed controllers can he adaptively adjusted according to the external disturbances. Based on the Lya- punov stability theorem, the stability and the robustness of the controlled system are proved theoretically. Numerical simu- lations further support the theoretical results of the paper and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Moreover, it is revealed that the proposed method allows us to manipulate arbitrarily the response dynamics of the slave system by adjusting the desired scaling factor λi and the desired translating factor ηi, which may be used in a channel-independent chaotic secure communication.展开更多
The construction process control of large-scale projects is one of the difficulties and keys in the owner’s project management. Based on generalization process index, this paper proposes an approach to construction p...The construction process control of large-scale projects is one of the difficulties and keys in the owner’s project management. Based on generalization process index, this paper proposes an approach to construction project process control. The paper elaborates on the concept and calculation of generalization process index, which, on analysis, possesses Markov property. Monthly generalization process index is regarded as a state of Markov chain, and the transition between different states is realized by computer simulation. According to the Markov process forecasting model and by means of MATLAB program, the project process forecast is realized, and the completion probability in contract period is obtained. From practical instances, it is concluded that this approach has good applicability and operability and that the obtained results can reflect the degree of project risks.展开更多
In the process of construction and operation, large volume concrete structures often generate large temperature stress, which in turn leads to cracks. Before the construction of concrete structures, in order to select...In the process of construction and operation, large volume concrete structures often generate large temperature stress, which in turn leads to cracks. Before the construction of concrete structures, in order to select timely and reasonable temperature control and crack prevention measures, this paper takes the upper lock head of the Datengxia Water Control Project as an example, and uses three-dimensional finite element method to simulate and recheck and calculate the temperature field and creep stress field according to the construction progress, latest material parameters and accurate boundary conditions. The analysis results show that the overall stress of the concrete at the upper gate head is not large after the temperature control measures formulated in this paper are adopted, which meets the requirements of concrete crack prevention, indicating that the temperature control measures formulated are appropriate.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to investigate the disease distribution of tuberculosis in national regional project. 960 patients were selected from national tuberculosis control program who took treatments in the Fourt...The purpose of this study is to investigate the disease distribution of tuberculosis in national regional project. 960 patients were selected from national tuberculosis control program who took treatments in the Fourth People’s Hospital Clinical Laboratory in Nanning Guangxi from January to November in 2013. Then we observed all those patients’ disease distribution and analyzed all the lab test indexes. We analyzed the results according to gender and age distribution. From the age distribution, we found that the incidence was lower at the age of 40 or younger, while higher incidence occurred to patients over 40 years old. There is statistical significance comparing these two age groups. P is less than 0.001. Disease distribution: 731 patients were infected with TB;21 patients were co-infected with tuberculosis (TB) and HIV. 196 patients were co-infected with TB and fungal. 12 patients were co-infected with TB, HIV and fungal. From the laboratory testing, we know there were 87 patients whose liver function indexes were abnormal. There were 192 patients whose blood RT indexes were abnormal. The liver function and blood RT indexes of patients with co-infection were higher than those infected purely. There is statistical significance in comparison P < 0.05. The study indicates that patients with older age are more likely infected with tuberculosis. In addition, there are a high proportion of patients with co-infection among these patients in this study. Meanwhile, the liver functions and blood RT indexes of patients combining with infection are higher than those infected TB purely. Prompt clinical prevention and treatment should be under reasonable inspections. General analysis can enable us to investigate more effective treatment plan. Then the best treatment result will be obtained.展开更多
Image quality is one of the most important specifications of optical lithography tool and is affected notably by temperature, vibration, and contamination of projection lens（PL）. Traditional method of local temperat...Image quality is one of the most important specifications of optical lithography tool and is affected notably by temperature, vibration, and contamination of projection lens（PL）. Traditional method of local temperature control is easier to introduce vibration and contamination, so temperature control system with multi-closed loops is developed to control the temperature inside the PL, and to isolate the influence of vibration and contamination. A new remote indirect-temperature-control（RITC） method is proposed in which cooling water is circulated to perform indirect-temperature-control of the PL. Heater and cooler embedded temperature control unit（TCU） is used to condition the temperature of the cooling water, and the TCU must be kept away from the PL so that the influence of vibration and contamination can be avoided. A new multi-closed loops control structure incorporating an internal cascade control structure（CCS） and an external parallel cascade control structure（PCCS） is designed to prevent large inertia, multi-delay, and multi-disturbance of the RITC system. A nonlinear proportional-integral（PI） algorithm is applied to further enhance the convergence rate and precision of the control process. Contrast experiments of different control loops and algorithms were implemented to verify the impact on the control performance. It is shown that the temperature control system with multi-closed loops reaches a precision specification at ±0.006 ℃ with fast convergence rate, strong robustness, and self-adaptability. This method has been successfully used in an optical lithography tool which produces a pattern of 100 nm critical dimension（CD）, and its performances are satisfactory.展开更多
A new approach for assessing and optimizing software project process based on software risk control presented, which evaluates and optimizes software project process from the view of controlling the software project r...A new approach for assessing and optimizing software project process based on software risk control presented, which evaluates and optimizes software project process from the view of controlling the software project risks. A model for optimizing software risk control is given, a discrete optimization algorithm based on dynamic programruing is proposed and an example of using above method to solve a problem is also included in this paper. By improving the old passive post-project control into an active effective preaction, this new method can greatly promote the possibility of success of software projects.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2018YFC1505402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41871174)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.2020YFSY0013)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities Project(No.2682019CX19)。
文摘Benefit evaluation of debris flow prevention and control projects was one of the essential contents of debris flow prevention and mitigation work.In order to scientifically and quantitatively evaluate the comprehensive benefit of debris flow prevention and control projects,this study identified nine factors as evaluation indicators from economic,social,and ecological aspects.The projection pursuit(PP) model based on the improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO) algorithm was used to construct a mathematical model to evaluate the benefit of debris flow prevention and control projects.The interpolation method was applied to divide the benefit grades.The debris flow prevention and control projects in Qipan,Taoguan,Chutou,Anjia,and Mozi gullies in Wenchuan County were chosen as typical cases for empirical analysis.The case study revealed that,among the criteria layer indicators,investment per unit of the protected area,investment per unit of the protected population,the amount of water and soil conservation,and reduction rate of accumulation fan had the most significant weights.The social and ecological benefits were found to be the more important in the target layer.The comprehensive benefit of Qipan,Taoguan,Chutou,Anjia,and Mozi gullies was found to be 4.44,4.83,1.95,3,and 2,respectively.The benefit ranking of the five gullies was consistent with their effectiveness in disaster prevention ranking in the flood season of 2019.Therefore,it could prove that the newly-built benefit evaluation model was practical and feasible,and the evaluation results of the sample could be reasonably interpreted,which verified the effectiveness of the methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42001025 and 42001014)the Belt and Road Special Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering(Grant No.2021491211)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo Municipality(Grant No.2023J133).
文摘Suzhou City,located in the Yangtze River Delta in China,is prone to flooding due to a complex combination of natural factors,including its monsoon climate,low elevation,and tidally influenced position,as well as intensive human activities.The Large Encirclement Flood Control Project(LEFCP)was launched to cope with serious floods in the urban area.This project changed the spatiotemporal pattern of flood processes and caused spatial diversion of floods from the urban area to the outskirts of the city.Therefore,this study developed a distributed flood simulation model in order to understand this transition of flood processes.The results revealed that the LEFCP effectively protected the urban areas from floods,but the present scheduling schemes resulted in the spatial diversion of floods to the outskirts of the city.With rainstorm frequencies of 10.0%to 0.5%,the water level differences between two representative water level stations(Miduqiao(MDQ)and Fengqiao(FQ))located inside and outside the LEFCP area,ranged from 0.75 m to 0.24 m and from 1.80 m to 1.58 m,respectively.In addition,the flood safety margin at MDQ and the duration with the water level exceeding the warning water level at FQ ranged from 0.95 m to 0.43 m and from 4 h to 22 h,respectively.Rational scheduling schemes for the hydraulic facilities of the LEFCP in extreme precipitation cases were developed ac-cording to food simulations under seven scheduling scenarios.This helps to regulate the spatial flood diversion caused by the LEFCP during extreme precipitation.
基金Supported by Key Bid Program of Poyang Lake Ecological Economy Research Center of Jiangxi Province(09KJ01)~~
文摘Through analysis on the background to develop eco-tourism and necessity for ecological compensation,based on specific condition of Hukou County,in line with the situation to develop eco-tourism during ecological water control project of Poyang Lake,residents' interest protection system and ecological benefit safeguard system for eco-tourism compensation were put forward.
文摘In the management of engineering projects, cost control must be effectively implemented and it should be implemented in the whole process of project management. Of course, the cost control of engineering projects presents a strong technical, professional, which requires engineering consulting units to sum up the work experience, so as to ensure that the project cost control is more effective. Therefore, the whole process cost control of the project is mainly discussed in order to realize the fairness and fairness of the cost and to ensure the benefit of the project investment.
文摘Project cost can control the input in construction project and improve economic benefits of construction enterprises,so it is an important section of construction engineering.Reasonable control and management of project cost is the principle that building units must obey in the whole process of project,particularly in the construction stage,so it is extremely important to control and manage the project cost.This paper first analyzed possible causes for the unreasonable cost of construction projects,and put forward pertinent strategies for the control and management of construction project cost.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60974020)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, China (Grant No. cstc2011jjA0980)the Foundation of Chongqing Education College, China (Grant Nos. KY201112A, KY201113B, and KY201122C )
文摘We further study the projective synchronization of a new hyperchaotic system. Different from the most existing methods, intermittent control is applied to chaotic synchronization in the present paper. We formulate the intermittent control system that governs the dynamics of the projective synchronization error, then derive the sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of intermittent control system by using the Lyapunov stability theory, and finally establish the periodically intermittent controller according to the stability criterion by which the projective synchronization is expected to be achieved. The analytical results are also demonstrated by several numerical simulations.
基金supported by School of Social and Environmental Development,National Institute of Development Administration,Bangkok,Thailand[grant date:8 August 2012]
文摘Projections for 20 years of economic growth and change in the structure of the Thai economy were made for 180 sectors using a computable general equilibrium(CGE) model to compare the following four scenarios:(1) standard growth with infinite supply of factors,(2) finite land supply,(3) fixed use of agricultural chemicals,and(4) combined finite land supply with fixed use of agricultural chemicals.The computable projections suggest that the economic cost of hypothetical environmental control in agriculture is small and further weakened by urbanization.The computed structural development points to efficiency improvements specific to sectors to return the economy to balanced growth.
基金supported by the project of the China Geological Survey(No.DD20221746)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41101086)。
文摘Xinqiao Gully is located in the area of the 2008 Wenchuan M_(s)8.0 earthquake in Sichuan province,China.Based on the investigation of the 2023"6-26"Xinqiao Gully debris flow event,this study assessed the effectiveness of the debris flow control project and evaluated the debris flow hazards.Through field investigation and numerical simulation methods,the indicators of flow intensity reduction rate and storage capacity fullness were proposed to quantify the effectiveness of the engineering measures in the debris flow event.The simulation results show that the debris flow control project reduced the flow intensity by41.05%to 64.61%.The storage capacity of the dam decreases gradually from upstream to the mouth of the gully,thus effectively intercepting and controlling the debris flow.By evaluating the debris flow of different recurrence intervals,further measures are recommended for managing debris flow events.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60374015)
文摘In this paper, a learning control approach is applied to the generalized projective synchronisation （GPS） of different chaotic systems with unknown periodically time-varying parameters. Using the Lyapunov--Krasovskii functional stability theory, a differential-difference mixed parametric learning law and an adaptive learning control law are constructed to make the states of two different chaotic systems asymptotically synchronised. The scheme is successfully applied to the generalized projective synchronisation between the Lorenz system and Chen system. Moreover, numerical simulations results are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
文摘This paper introduced the construction of the pumped-storage power station （PSPS）. In the excava- tion of underground power house, the principle of excavation in thin layer and support in time with real time monitoring are adopted. The excavation blasting parameters are adjusted timely. Through these, the excavation quality can be guaranteed, the surrounding rock can be prevented from being damaged and the deformation of power house side wall can be controlled. Five security defense lines have been adopted to solve anti-seepage and drainage in the major underground projects.
文摘Based on the theory of activity-based costing and the idea of value chain,activity optimization and cost control are carried out on the whole construction process of agricultural water conservancy projects. Through the use of literature review,case analysis and statistical analysis and other methods,with agricultural water conservancy projects as the research object,and comparing activity-based costing with the traditional model of cost accounting,the writer carries out the corresponding value chain analysis,and comes to the following conclusion: the statistical calculation and analysis of the entire construction process based on activity-based costing can accurately and effectively control the costs of water conservancy projects. Through the use of activity-based costing,the cost data of agricultural water conservancy projects is more detailed and accurate,and cost management personnel can also find non-value-added activities,optimize the enterprise's value chain and achieve cost control objectives through the analysis of the activity chain and value chain of agricultural water conservancy projects.
基金Project supported by the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.QN2014096)
文摘An adaptive fuzzy sliding mode strategy is developed for the generalized projective synchronization of a fractional- order chaotic system, where the slave system is not necessarily known in advance. Based on the designed adaptive update laws and the linear feedback method, the adaptive fuzzy sliding controllers are proposed via the fuzzy design, and the strength of the designed controllers can he adaptively adjusted according to the external disturbances. Based on the Lya- punov stability theorem, the stability and the robustness of the controlled system are proved theoretically. Numerical simu- lations further support the theoretical results of the paper and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Moreover, it is revealed that the proposed method allows us to manipulate arbitrarily the response dynamics of the slave system by adjusting the desired scaling factor λi and the desired translating factor ηi, which may be used in a channel-independent chaotic secure communication.
文摘The construction process control of large-scale projects is one of the difficulties and keys in the owner’s project management. Based on generalization process index, this paper proposes an approach to construction project process control. The paper elaborates on the concept and calculation of generalization process index, which, on analysis, possesses Markov property. Monthly generalization process index is regarded as a state of Markov chain, and the transition between different states is realized by computer simulation. According to the Markov process forecasting model and by means of MATLAB program, the project process forecast is realized, and the completion probability in contract period is obtained. From practical instances, it is concluded that this approach has good applicability and operability and that the obtained results can reflect the degree of project risks.
文摘In the process of construction and operation, large volume concrete structures often generate large temperature stress, which in turn leads to cracks. Before the construction of concrete structures, in order to select timely and reasonable temperature control and crack prevention measures, this paper takes the upper lock head of the Datengxia Water Control Project as an example, and uses three-dimensional finite element method to simulate and recheck and calculate the temperature field and creep stress field according to the construction progress, latest material parameters and accurate boundary conditions. The analysis results show that the overall stress of the concrete at the upper gate head is not large after the temperature control measures formulated in this paper are adopted, which meets the requirements of concrete crack prevention, indicating that the temperature control measures formulated are appropriate.
文摘The purpose of this study is to investigate the disease distribution of tuberculosis in national regional project. 960 patients were selected from national tuberculosis control program who took treatments in the Fourth People’s Hospital Clinical Laboratory in Nanning Guangxi from January to November in 2013. Then we observed all those patients’ disease distribution and analyzed all the lab test indexes. We analyzed the results according to gender and age distribution. From the age distribution, we found that the incidence was lower at the age of 40 or younger, while higher incidence occurred to patients over 40 years old. There is statistical significance comparing these two age groups. P is less than 0.001. Disease distribution: 731 patients were infected with TB;21 patients were co-infected with tuberculosis (TB) and HIV. 196 patients were co-infected with TB and fungal. 12 patients were co-infected with TB, HIV and fungal. From the laboratory testing, we know there were 87 patients whose liver function indexes were abnormal. There were 192 patients whose blood RT indexes were abnormal. The liver function and blood RT indexes of patients with co-infection were higher than those infected purely. There is statistical significance in comparison P < 0.05. The study indicates that patients with older age are more likely infected with tuberculosis. In addition, there are a high proportion of patients with co-infection among these patients in this study. Meanwhile, the liver functions and blood RT indexes of patients combining with infection are higher than those infected TB purely. Prompt clinical prevention and treatment should be under reasonable inspections. General analysis can enable us to investigate more effective treatment plan. Then the best treatment result will be obtained.
基金supported by National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China(863 Program, Grant No. 2002AA4Z300)National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Grant No. 2009CB724205)
文摘Image quality is one of the most important specifications of optical lithography tool and is affected notably by temperature, vibration, and contamination of projection lens（PL）. Traditional method of local temperature control is easier to introduce vibration and contamination, so temperature control system with multi-closed loops is developed to control the temperature inside the PL, and to isolate the influence of vibration and contamination. A new remote indirect-temperature-control（RITC） method is proposed in which cooling water is circulated to perform indirect-temperature-control of the PL. Heater and cooler embedded temperature control unit（TCU） is used to condition the temperature of the cooling water, and the TCU must be kept away from the PL so that the influence of vibration and contamination can be avoided. A new multi-closed loops control structure incorporating an internal cascade control structure（CCS） and an external parallel cascade control structure（PCCS） is designed to prevent large inertia, multi-delay, and multi-disturbance of the RITC system. A nonlinear proportional-integral（PI） algorithm is applied to further enhance the convergence rate and precision of the control process. Contrast experiments of different control loops and algorithms were implemented to verify the impact on the control performance. It is shown that the temperature control system with multi-closed loops reaches a precision specification at ±0.006 ℃ with fast convergence rate, strong robustness, and self-adaptability. This method has been successfully used in an optical lithography tool which produces a pattern of 100 nm critical dimension（CD）, and its performances are satisfactory.
基金Supported bythe Plan of New Technology Projectsin China National Packaging Corporation2005 (05ZBJA011)the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China (60373062) National Sci-ence Foundation of Hunan Province(04JJ3052)
文摘A new approach for assessing and optimizing software project process based on software risk control presented, which evaluates and optimizes software project process from the view of controlling the software project risks. A model for optimizing software risk control is given, a discrete optimization algorithm based on dynamic programruing is proposed and an example of using above method to solve a problem is also included in this paper. By improving the old passive post-project control into an active effective preaction, this new method can greatly promote the possibility of success of software projects.
