In real-world scenarios,dual-view X-ray machines have outnumbered single-view X-ray machines due to their ability to provide comprehensive internal information about the baggage,which is important for identifying proh...In real-world scenarios,dual-view X-ray machines have outnumbered single-view X-ray machines due to their ability to provide comprehensive internal information about the baggage,which is important for identifying prohibited items that are not visible in one view due to rotation or overlap.However,existing work still focuses mainly on single-view,and the limited dual-viewbasedwork only performs simple information fusion at the feature or decision level and lacks effective utilization of the complementary information hidden in dual view.To this end,this paper proposes an end-to-end dual-view prohibited item detection method,the core of which is an adaptive material-aware coordinate-aligned attention module(MACA)and an adaptive adjustment strategy(AAS).Specifically,we observe that in X-ray images,the material information of an object can be represented by color and texture features,and remains consistent across views,even under complex backgrounds.Therefore,our MACA first integrates the material information of the prohibited items in each view and then smoothly transfers these clearmaterial clues along the shared axis to the corresponding locations in the other view to enhance the feature representation of the blurred prohibited items in the other view.In addition,AAS can autonomously adjust the importance of the two views during feature learning to make joint optimizationmore stable and effective.Experiments on the DvXray dataset demonstrate that the proposed MACA and AAS can be plug-and-played into various detectors,such as Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network(Faster R-CNN)and Fully Convolutional One-Stage Object Detector(FCOS),and bring consistent performance gains.The entire framework performs favorably against state-of-the-art methods,especially on small-sized prohibited items,highlighting its potential application in reality.展开更多
This paper presents an efficient and reliable genetic algorithm (GA) based particle swarm optimization (PSO) tech- nique (hybrid GAPSO) for solving the economic dispatch (ED) problem in power systems. The non-linear c...This paper presents an efficient and reliable genetic algorithm (GA) based particle swarm optimization (PSO) tech- nique (hybrid GAPSO) for solving the economic dispatch (ED) problem in power systems. The non-linear characteristics of the generators, such as prohibited operating zones, ramp rate limits and non-smooth cost functions of the practical generator operation are considered. The proposed hybrid algorithm is demonstrated for three different systems and the performance is compared with the GA and PSO in terms of solution quality and computation efficiency. Comparison of results proved that the proposed algo- rithm can obtain higher quality solutions efficiently in ED problems. A comprehensive software package is developed using MATLAB.展开更多
In this paper,we developed and validated a simple,sensitive,and selective high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS/MS） method to identify and measure the following prohibited substance...In this paper,we developed and validated a simple,sensitive,and selective high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS/MS） method to identify and measure the following prohibited substances that may be found in cosmetic products：minoxidil,hydrocortisone, spironolactone,estrone,canrenone,triamcinolone acetonide and progesterone.Chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Symmetry C18（100 mm×2.1 mm,3.5μm particle size） with a gradient elution system composed of 0.2%（v/v） formic acid aqueous solution and methanol containing 0.2%（v/v） formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.The substances were detected using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in the multiple reaction monitoring mode with an electrospray ionization source.All of the calibration curves showed good linearity（r 〉 0.999） within the tested concentration ranges.The limit of detection was 〈25 pg.The relative standard deviations for intraday precision for each of the prohibited substances were 〈3.5%at two concentration levels（2μg/g,10μg/g）. The relative recovery rate for each of the prohibited substances ranged from 91.8%to 111%at three concentration levels（0.1μg/g,2μg/g,10μg/g）,including the limit of quantification.In conclusion,we have developed and validated a method that can identify seven prohibited substances in cosmetic products.展开更多
The use of antibiotics to maintain animal health has widely been practiced,for both therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.Along with the identification of serious adverse effects of some antibiotics on human and domes...The use of antibiotics to maintain animal health has widely been practiced,for both therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.Along with the identification of serious adverse effects of some antibiotics on human and domestic animals[1],chloramphenicol.展开更多
For identifying and quantifying prohibited substances,solid-phase microextraction(SPME)continues to arouse interest as a sample preparation method.However,the practical implementation of this method in routine laborat...For identifying and quantifying prohibited substances,solid-phase microextraction(SPME)continues to arouse interest as a sample preparation method.However,the practical implementation of this method in routine laboratory testing is currently hindered by the limited number of coatings compatible with the ubiquitous high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)systems.Only octadecyl(C18)and polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene ligands are currently marketed for this purpose.To address this situation,the present study evaluated 12 HPLC-compatible coatings,including several chemistries not currently used in this application.The stationary phases of SPME devices in the geometry of thin filmcoated blades were prepared by applying silica particles bonded with various functional ligands(C18,octyl,phenyl-hexyl,3-cyanopropyl,benzenesulfonic acid,and selected combinations of these),as well as unbonded silica,to a metal support.Most of these chemistries have not been previously used as microextraction coatings.The 48 most commonly misused substances were selected to assess the extraction efficacy of each coating,and eight desorption solvent compositions were used to optimize the desorption conditions.All samples were analyzed using an HPLC system coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry.This evaluation enables selection of the best-performing coatings for quantifying prohibited substances and investigates the relationship between extraction efficacy and the physicochemical characteristics of the analytes.Ultimately,using the most suitable coatings is essential for trace-level analysis of chemically diverse prohibited substances.展开更多
Prohibited pesticide residues have become one of the main factors affecting the quality and safety of Lycii Fructus,However,rarely studies focus on the rapid determination of these residues.Here,a total of 30 kinds of...Prohibited pesticide residues have become one of the main factors affecting the quality and safety of Lycii Fructus,However,rarely studies focus on the rapid determination of these residues.Here,a total of 30 kinds of prohibited pesticide residues were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)in five different process ways.Pretreatment methods,chromatographic separation and detection conditions in mass spectrometry were all optimized accordingly.Among the five different pretreatment methods,the first and third solid phase extraction failed to provide high recoveries of sulfosulfuron compounds(both lower than 60%).Recovery of chlorphenamidine by the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe multiresidue method(QuEChERS)was lower than 60%,which did not meet the requirements of trace determination.The concentrations of 30 prohibited pesticides residues treated by straightforward and solid phase extraction showed good linearity in their corresponding ranges,with correlation coefficients over 0.99.The average recoveries of straightforward ranged from 78.13%to 110.9%,while RSD ranged from 1.3%to 16.9%,albeit poor purification was observed.The recovery yield from solid phase extraction was between 67.75%and 103.08%with RSD value from 0.8%to 14.0%,which met the requirements of trace determination,this method has good precision and stability.These results could be employed to other Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCMs)in detecting prohibited pesticide residues.展开更多
Women all over the world are confronted with many difficult choices during pregnancy and child birth. Wrong choices often result in unfavorable outcomes for expectant mothers and their babies, a situation which is com...Women all over the world are confronted with many difficult choices during pregnancy and child birth. Wrong choices often result in unfavorable outcomes for expectant mothers and their babies, a situation which is common in developing countries. Cultural practices, beliefs and taboos are often implicated in determining the care received by mothers during pregnancy and child birth which is an important determinant of maternal mortality. This study explored the traditional practices associated with pregnancy and childbirth in Shama District of the Western Region, Ghana. A qualitative study consisting of six focus group discussions of between eight and ten participants per group and eight in-depth interviews were held over a period of one month. The purpose was to explore local foods that are forbidden for pregnant women and why, herbal medicine use during pregnancy and child birth and reasons for choosing home or hospital delivery. The findings show that pregnant women are forbidden from taking nutritious foods such as snails, ripe plantain, okra and many others for fear of complications during pregnancy and child birth. Herbal medicines are frequently used by pregnant women and traditional birth attendants to induce labour, augment and control bleeding during labour. Traditional beliefs and practices as well as negative attitude of health workers are found to reduce health utilization by pregnant women. Health education concerning traditional practices that are detrimental to the health of pregnant women should be emphasized during ANC visits.展开更多
[Objective]Returning farmland to forest and mountain enclosure for grazing prohibition ecological effect and economy rationality were explored.[Methods]A case study of returning farmland to forest and barren hills gra...[Objective]Returning farmland to forest and mountain enclosure for grazing prohibition ecological effect and economy rationality were explored.[Methods]A case study of returning farmland to forest and barren hills grazing prohibition in Yongxing Township of Jingyuan County was used to discuss and estimate the relative ecological function and relative ecological value.[Results]1）The ecological value of the forest of returning farmland was far more than the sum of the ecological value of farm crops and the agricultural output,and also more than the national subsidy standard.So the state policy of returning farmland to forests is not only favorable to local eco-environment restoration,but also reasonable in economic development.2）The ecological value of mountain enclosure for grazing prohibition was less than the opportunity cost of prohibiting grazing,also less than the national subsidy standard.The sum of the relative ecological value of prohibiting grazing and the state subsidies was more than the opportunity cost of prohibiting grazing.However,the ecological value of new vegetation through returning farmland to forest project was greater than the China＇s average ecological value of grassland.[Conclusion]The relative ecological value can be used to solve the problems in the equivalent conversion among various ecological indexes and between ecological indexes and economic indexes.展开更多
English near-synonyms pose a great challenge for English learners and they often feel confused about them.This paper draws on the research findings of the distinction of synonymous pair:forbid and prohibit based on CO...English near-synonyms pose a great challenge for English learners and they often feel confused about them.This paper draws on the research findings of the distinction of synonymous pair:forbid and prohibit based on COCA(Corpus of Contemporary American English)corpus online.The result shows that for collocation,forbid may be used to collocate with the infinitive(to do)oring participle,while prohibit often collocates with the preposition from.After register analysis,it is found that prohibit is more for⁃mal than forbid.As for semantic prosody,forbid is associated with neutral collocates,whereas prohibit appears to suggest a more negative semantic prosody.Detailed comparison and contrast about the two verbs can thus help English learners grasp the differenc⁃es of English synonyms accurately.展开更多
Artificial Intelligence(AI)constitutes a rapidly evolving set of technologies that offer significant economic,environmental,and societal benefits.However,the application of AI systems may also pose considerable risks ...Artificial Intelligence(AI)constitutes a rapidly evolving set of technologies that offer significant economic,environmental,and societal benefits.However,the application of AI systems may also pose considerable risks and inflict harm—whether material or immaterial,including physical,psychological,societal,or economic harm—to public interests and fundamental rights protected under Union law.展开更多
China’s prestigious Tsinghua University, which was established in 1911, has recently filed several lawsuits against kindergartens that use the two Chinese characters Qinghua(current spelling of Tsinghua in roman alph...China’s prestigious Tsinghua University, which was established in 1911, has recently filed several lawsuits against kindergartens that use the two Chinese characters Qinghua(current spelling of Tsinghua in roman alphabet), representing Tsinghua(the old spelling of the same two Chinese characters).展开更多
目的了解甲鱼中禁限用药物的残留状况,评估上海居民通过甲鱼摄入禁限用药物的膳食暴露风险。方法利用2020—2023年上海市市售甲鱼中禁限用药物的抽检数据,采用点评估法和暴露边界比法(margin of exposure,MOE)对甲鱼中禁限用药物进行暴...目的了解甲鱼中禁限用药物的残留状况,评估上海居民通过甲鱼摄入禁限用药物的膳食暴露风险。方法利用2020—2023年上海市市售甲鱼中禁限用药物的抽检数据,采用点评估法和暴露边界比法(margin of exposure,MOE)对甲鱼中禁限用药物进行暴露评估。结果502件甲鱼中禁限用药物的总体超标率为2.79%。其中,462件甲鱼中恩诺沙星(以恩诺沙星和环丙沙星之和计)的检出率为18.18%,超标率为0.00%,含量均值为4.65μg/kg,最大值为92.80μg/kg。184件甲鱼中磺胺类(总量)的检出率为7.07%,超标率为1.09%,含量均值为12.28μg/kg,最大值为1620.00μg/kg。470件甲鱼中呋喃唑酮代谢物的超标率为1.70%,含量均值为0.56μg/kg,最大值为95.80μg/kg。168件甲鱼中氧氟沙星的超标率为1.79%,含量均值为0.94μg/kg,最大值为105.00μg/kg。135件甲鱼中诺氟沙星的超标率为0.74%,含量均值为0.11μg/kg,最大值为15.00μg/kg。甲鱼中呋喃它酮代谢物、呋喃妥因代谢物、呋喃西林代谢物、氯霉素和孔雀石绿均未检出。上海市3岁以上居民每日经甲鱼摄入恩诺沙星、磺胺类(总量)、氧氟沙星和诺氟沙星的平均暴露量和P95暴露量均小于每日允许摄入量(acceptable daily intake,ADI)。3岁以上居民每日经甲鱼摄入呋喃唑酮代谢物的平均MOE和P95 MOE均大于1×104。结论上海居民经甲鱼摄入禁限用药物的健康风险均较低。甲鱼中存在磺胺类药物、呋喃唑酮代谢物、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星的超标现象,仍需加强靶向监管。展开更多
基金by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant 2021B1515120064.
文摘In real-world scenarios,dual-view X-ray machines have outnumbered single-view X-ray machines due to their ability to provide comprehensive internal information about the baggage,which is important for identifying prohibited items that are not visible in one view due to rotation or overlap.However,existing work still focuses mainly on single-view,and the limited dual-viewbasedwork only performs simple information fusion at the feature or decision level and lacks effective utilization of the complementary information hidden in dual view.To this end,this paper proposes an end-to-end dual-view prohibited item detection method,the core of which is an adaptive material-aware coordinate-aligned attention module(MACA)and an adaptive adjustment strategy(AAS).Specifically,we observe that in X-ray images,the material information of an object can be represented by color and texture features,and remains consistent across views,even under complex backgrounds.Therefore,our MACA first integrates the material information of the prohibited items in each view and then smoothly transfers these clearmaterial clues along the shared axis to the corresponding locations in the other view to enhance the feature representation of the blurred prohibited items in the other view.In addition,AAS can autonomously adjust the importance of the two views during feature learning to make joint optimizationmore stable and effective.Experiments on the DvXray dataset demonstrate that the proposed MACA and AAS can be plug-and-played into various detectors,such as Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network(Faster R-CNN)and Fully Convolutional One-Stage Object Detector(FCOS),and bring consistent performance gains.The entire framework performs favorably against state-of-the-art methods,especially on small-sized prohibited items,highlighting its potential application in reality.
文摘This paper presents an efficient and reliable genetic algorithm (GA) based particle swarm optimization (PSO) tech- nique (hybrid GAPSO) for solving the economic dispatch (ED) problem in power systems. The non-linear characteristics of the generators, such as prohibited operating zones, ramp rate limits and non-smooth cost functions of the practical generator operation are considered. The proposed hybrid algorithm is demonstrated for three different systems and the performance is compared with the GA and PSO in terms of solution quality and computation efficiency. Comparison of results proved that the proposed algo- rithm can obtain higher quality solutions efficiently in ED problems. A comprehensive software package is developed using MATLAB.
基金the State Food and Drug Administration of the People's Republic of China for financially supporting this work
文摘In this paper,we developed and validated a simple,sensitive,and selective high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS/MS） method to identify and measure the following prohibited substances that may be found in cosmetic products：minoxidil,hydrocortisone, spironolactone,estrone,canrenone,triamcinolone acetonide and progesterone.Chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Symmetry C18（100 mm×2.1 mm,3.5μm particle size） with a gradient elution system composed of 0.2%（v/v） formic acid aqueous solution and methanol containing 0.2%（v/v） formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.The substances were detected using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in the multiple reaction monitoring mode with an electrospray ionization source.All of the calibration curves showed good linearity（r 〉 0.999） within the tested concentration ranges.The limit of detection was 〈25 pg.The relative standard deviations for intraday precision for each of the prohibited substances were 〈3.5%at two concentration levels（2μg/g,10μg/g）. The relative recovery rate for each of the prohibited substances ranged from 91.8%to 111%at three concentration levels（0.1μg/g,2μg/g,10μg/g）,including the limit of quantification.In conclusion,we have developed and validated a method that can identify seven prohibited substances in cosmetic products.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China[No.2015A030313272].
文摘The use of antibiotics to maintain animal health has widely been practiced,for both therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.Along with the identification of serious adverse effects of some antibiotics on human and domestic animals[1],chloramphenicol.
基金supported by the National Centre for Research and Development under the Lider IX programme(Grant No.:LIDER/44/0164/L-9/17/NCBR/2018)Permission to conduct experiments with controlled substances was issued by the local Pharmaceutical Inspector(Kujawsko-Pomorski Wojewodzki Inspektor Farmaceutyczny w BydgoszczyPermission No.:WIFBY-KK.857.2.4.2016).
文摘For identifying and quantifying prohibited substances,solid-phase microextraction(SPME)continues to arouse interest as a sample preparation method.However,the practical implementation of this method in routine laboratory testing is currently hindered by the limited number of coatings compatible with the ubiquitous high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)systems.Only octadecyl(C18)and polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene ligands are currently marketed for this purpose.To address this situation,the present study evaluated 12 HPLC-compatible coatings,including several chemistries not currently used in this application.The stationary phases of SPME devices in the geometry of thin filmcoated blades were prepared by applying silica particles bonded with various functional ligands(C18,octyl,phenyl-hexyl,3-cyanopropyl,benzenesulfonic acid,and selected combinations of these),as well as unbonded silica,to a metal support.Most of these chemistries have not been previously used as microextraction coatings.The 48 most commonly misused substances were selected to assess the extraction efficacy of each coating,and eight desorption solvent compositions were used to optimize the desorption conditions.All samples were analyzed using an HPLC system coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry.This evaluation enables selection of the best-performing coatings for quantifying prohibited substances and investigates the relationship between extraction efficacy and the physicochemical characteristics of the analytes.Ultimately,using the most suitable coatings is essential for trace-level analysis of chemically diverse prohibited substances.
文摘Prohibited pesticide residues have become one of the main factors affecting the quality and safety of Lycii Fructus,However,rarely studies focus on the rapid determination of these residues.Here,a total of 30 kinds of prohibited pesticide residues were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)in five different process ways.Pretreatment methods,chromatographic separation and detection conditions in mass spectrometry were all optimized accordingly.Among the five different pretreatment methods,the first and third solid phase extraction failed to provide high recoveries of sulfosulfuron compounds(both lower than 60%).Recovery of chlorphenamidine by the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe multiresidue method(QuEChERS)was lower than 60%,which did not meet the requirements of trace determination.The concentrations of 30 prohibited pesticides residues treated by straightforward and solid phase extraction showed good linearity in their corresponding ranges,with correlation coefficients over 0.99.The average recoveries of straightforward ranged from 78.13%to 110.9%,while RSD ranged from 1.3%to 16.9%,albeit poor purification was observed.The recovery yield from solid phase extraction was between 67.75%and 103.08%with RSD value from 0.8%to 14.0%,which met the requirements of trace determination,this method has good precision and stability.These results could be employed to other Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCMs)in detecting prohibited pesticide residues.
文摘Women all over the world are confronted with many difficult choices during pregnancy and child birth. Wrong choices often result in unfavorable outcomes for expectant mothers and their babies, a situation which is common in developing countries. Cultural practices, beliefs and taboos are often implicated in determining the care received by mothers during pregnancy and child birth which is an important determinant of maternal mortality. This study explored the traditional practices associated with pregnancy and childbirth in Shama District of the Western Region, Ghana. A qualitative study consisting of six focus group discussions of between eight and ten participants per group and eight in-depth interviews were held over a period of one month. The purpose was to explore local foods that are forbidden for pregnant women and why, herbal medicine use during pregnancy and child birth and reasons for choosing home or hospital delivery. The findings show that pregnant women are forbidden from taking nutritious foods such as snails, ripe plantain, okra and many others for fear of complications during pregnancy and child birth. Herbal medicines are frequently used by pregnant women and traditional birth attendants to induce labour, augment and control bleeding during labour. Traditional beliefs and practices as well as negative attitude of health workers are found to reduce health utilization by pregnant women. Health education concerning traditional practices that are detrimental to the health of pregnant women should be emphasized during ANC visits.
基金State 973 upfront-"the formation of oasis in hexi corridor in gansu province edge product sand strip and its ecological effect"(2011CB411912)GEF/OP12-return of the land management and policy support
文摘[Objective]Returning farmland to forest and mountain enclosure for grazing prohibition ecological effect and economy rationality were explored.[Methods]A case study of returning farmland to forest and barren hills grazing prohibition in Yongxing Township of Jingyuan County was used to discuss and estimate the relative ecological function and relative ecological value.[Results]1）The ecological value of the forest of returning farmland was far more than the sum of the ecological value of farm crops and the agricultural output,and also more than the national subsidy standard.So the state policy of returning farmland to forests is not only favorable to local eco-environment restoration,but also reasonable in economic development.2）The ecological value of mountain enclosure for grazing prohibition was less than the opportunity cost of prohibiting grazing,also less than the national subsidy standard.The sum of the relative ecological value of prohibiting grazing and the state subsidies was more than the opportunity cost of prohibiting grazing.However,the ecological value of new vegetation through returning farmland to forest project was greater than the China＇s average ecological value of grassland.[Conclusion]The relative ecological value can be used to solve the problems in the equivalent conversion among various ecological indexes and between ecological indexes and economic indexes.
文摘English near-synonyms pose a great challenge for English learners and they often feel confused about them.This paper draws on the research findings of the distinction of synonymous pair:forbid and prohibit based on COCA(Corpus of Contemporary American English)corpus online.The result shows that for collocation,forbid may be used to collocate with the infinitive(to do)oring participle,while prohibit often collocates with the preposition from.After register analysis,it is found that prohibit is more for⁃mal than forbid.As for semantic prosody,forbid is associated with neutral collocates,whereas prohibit appears to suggest a more negative semantic prosody.Detailed comparison and contrast about the two verbs can thus help English learners grasp the differenc⁃es of English synonyms accurately.
文摘Artificial Intelligence(AI)constitutes a rapidly evolving set of technologies that offer significant economic,environmental,and societal benefits.However,the application of AI systems may also pose considerable risks and inflict harm—whether material or immaterial,including physical,psychological,societal,or economic harm—to public interests and fundamental rights protected under Union law.
文摘China’s prestigious Tsinghua University, which was established in 1911, has recently filed several lawsuits against kindergartens that use the two Chinese characters Qinghua(current spelling of Tsinghua in roman alphabet), representing Tsinghua(the old spelling of the same two Chinese characters).
