In the present article I will first give a brief summary of the content of the book.Then I discuss some limitations of the book as well as my personal viewpoint about what the book fails to clarify and explain.
The study of unit commitment (UC) aims to find reasonable schedules for generators to optimize power systems’ operation. Many papers have been published that solve UC through different methods. Articles that systemat...The study of unit commitment (UC) aims to find reasonable schedules for generators to optimize power systems’ operation. Many papers have been published that solve UC through different methods. Articles that systematically summarize UC problems’ progress in order to update researchers interested in this field are needed. Because of its promising performance, stochastic programming (SP) has become increasingly researched. Most papers, however, present SP’s UC solving approaches differently, which masks their relationships and makes it hard for new researchers to quickly obtain a general idea. Therefore, this paper tries to give a structured bibliographic survey of SP’s applications in UC problems.展开更多
Graduate medical education(GME)has shifted its curricula from process-oriented approach to outcomes-oriented models.Program and faculty evaluation are methods by which educational curricula may adjust the teaching and...Graduate medical education(GME)has shifted its curricula from process-oriented approach to outcomes-oriented models.Program and faculty evaluation are methods by which educational curricula may adjust the teaching and learning environment to meet the needs and fills the gaps in GME.The measurement of educational outcomes is an essential for assessing teaching effectiveness in a shifting health care environment.In addition to trainee,program,and faculty evaluations,annual program review(APR)and evaluation and navigational changes made by the program education committee are essential to maintain effectiveness of an educational curriculum in a contemporary graduate medical training program.展开更多
背景:骨相关细胞程序性死亡与临床上常见的骨相关疾病(如骨质疏松、骨关节炎)密切相关,中药骨碎补总黄酮可用于调控骨相关细胞程序性死亡,并且具有多靶点调控、毒性低等特点。目的:综述中药骨碎补总黄酮调控骨相关细胞程序性死亡机制的...背景:骨相关细胞程序性死亡与临床上常见的骨相关疾病(如骨质疏松、骨关节炎)密切相关,中药骨碎补总黄酮可用于调控骨相关细胞程序性死亡,并且具有多靶点调控、毒性低等特点。目的:综述中药骨碎补总黄酮调控骨相关细胞程序性死亡机制的研究进展。方法:由第一作者在中国知网、维普数据库、万方数据库和PubMed、Web of Science数据库进行检索,英文检索词为“total flavonoids of rhizoma drynariae,naringin,naringenin,luteolin,kaempferol,programmed cell death,bone,cell”,中文检索词为“骨碎补总黄酮,柚皮素,柚皮苷,木犀草素,山柰酚,程序性死亡,骨,细胞”。根据纳入与排除标准,最终纳入72篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:骨碎补总黄酮通过影响磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B、Wnt/β-catenin和沉默信息调节因子3/叉头蛋白O3a等多种信号通路和分子表达降低间充质干细胞、成骨细胞和软骨细胞的死亡率,提高破骨细胞死亡率,纠正骨稳态失衡及软骨退变,为骨相关疾病的治疗提供了新视角。未来可以整合不同组学及测序等技术,系统解析骨碎补总黄酮调控骨相关细胞程序性死亡的分子网络,探讨骨碎补总黄酮多靶点、多途径的治疗作用机制,为骨相关疾病的治疗提供全新思路与方法。展开更多
Objective: Venous leg ulceration(VLU) is one of the complications of lower extremity venous reflux and reflux disorder of severe diseases, with many adverse effects on patient’s work and life. Nowadays, more and more...Objective: Venous leg ulceration(VLU) is one of the complications of lower extremity venous reflux and reflux disorder of severe diseases, with many adverse effects on patient’s work and life. Nowadays, more and more patients with VLU accept wound care in community setting. Clinical nurses generally take care of the patients based on their own experiences. Healing in VLU is an incredibly complex process, which puzzles even experts. The majority of general nurses do not have this level of expertise, especially those nurses serving in community. Function is the basis of nursing activities. Patients always show different clinical manifestations and selfcare abilities due to various function states, which cannot be reflected completely by the existing nursing practice. How to describe nursing practice standardized in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of interventions and facilitate interdisciplinary communication is another urgent problem. Therefore, the aim of this project is to develop an accurate nursing program based on function in chronic venous leg ulcers, which can both satisfy the needs of patients and promote nursing revolution.Methods: This study will use International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health as a framework to choose suitable functions and to filter function classification standards of chronic venous leg ulcers through evidence-based systematic research.Nursing interventions related to VLU are selected based on Nursing Interventions Classification, adding other nursing activities by methods of evidence-based systematic review and clinical observation. Then, nursing interventions and function status are matched through steering committee. Finally, the Delphi survey method is adopted to make nursing program native and scientific.Conclusions: This study is expected to be very significant and meaningful in using standardized nursing terminology. The nursing program established could better meet the needs of both patients with chronic venous leg ulcers and clinical nurses, promoting the development of wound specialist and standardized nursing language.展开更多
目的系统分析脑卒中患者照顾者准备度干预方案的相关研究,识别干预的具体内容、结局指标和干预效果,以期为医护人员开展相关干预提供参考。方法以范围综述报告规范(PRISMA-ScR)为方法学指导,计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普网、...目的系统分析脑卒中患者照顾者准备度干预方案的相关研究,识别干预的具体内容、结局指标和干预效果,以期为医护人员开展相关干预提供参考。方法以范围综述报告规范(PRISMA-ScR)为方法学指导,计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普网、中国生物医学文献数据、CINAHL、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library国内外数据库,检索时限为建库至2024年2月7日。结果共纳入17篇文献,干预方案制定的依据包括问题解决法、赋权教育、ADOPT模式、时机理论等10种理论;干预人员包括护士主导进行干预、多学科协作干预、社会工作者进行个案管理;干预方法主要采用健康教育手册、PPT讲解、技能示范、互联网宣教平台、电话或微信等形式一对一和(或)团体对照顾者进行讲解。干预内容包括疾病管理、照顾技能、康复锻炼、并发症预防、患者及照顾者情绪管理等内容;干预时长由2周~1年,每次干预时间15~60 min;结局指标涉及对患者、照顾者、信息化干预工具的评价3个方面。结论目前脑卒中患者照顾者准备度干预具有综合性、个性化的特点。未来研究应积极应用“互联网+护理服务”,并根据脑卒中患者功能障碍程度及照顾者需求制定科学、合适的干预方案。展开更多
对中药调控细胞死亡防治阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer´s disease,AD)的主要作用机制进行综述,指出细胞死亡受多种因素调节,包括凋亡、自噬、程序性坏死和焦亡等。中药主要通过外源性和内源性信号途径调节细胞凋亡,通过雷帕霉素靶蛋白(ma...对中药调控细胞死亡防治阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer´s disease,AD)的主要作用机制进行综述,指出细胞死亡受多种因素调节,包括凋亡、自噬、程序性坏死和焦亡等。中药主要通过外源性和内源性信号途径调节细胞凋亡,通过雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)和非mTOR途径双向调节自噬,并通过抑制RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL信号通路,减轻程序性坏死,保护神经元;中药还能通过半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶1(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1,Caspase-1)激活的经典途径和Caspase-4、Caspase-5、Caspase-11激活的非经典途径抑制细胞焦亡,减轻炎症反应,从而发挥改善AD认知功能的作用。展开更多
目的识别循证健康促进项目可持续性影响因素和提升策略。方法计算机检索CNKI、WanFang Data、VIP、PubMed和Web of Science数据库,筛选循证健康促进项目可持续性影响因素和提升策略有关研究,英文文献的检索时限为2018年6月19日至2024年1...目的识别循证健康促进项目可持续性影响因素和提升策略。方法计算机检索CNKI、WanFang Data、VIP、PubMed和Web of Science数据库,筛选循证健康促进项目可持续性影响因素和提升策略有关研究,英文文献的检索时限为2018年6月19日至2024年12月3日,中文文献检索不设起始时间,截止时间与英文相同。3人依据文献纳入与排除标准筛选文献并提取纳入研究的基本特征,同时对纳入研究进行主题分析从而识别影响因素和提升策略。结果从纳入的65篇文献中,共识别了项目特征、组织特征、人力资源、物质资源、社区资源和政策资源共6类23个影响因素,以及项目规划、促进合作、能力建设、资源调动、沟通传播、项目评价共6类44条提升策略。结论本研究识别的项目可持续性影响因素和提升策略,与实施科学领域现有影响因素框架和策略集在维度划分和内容上存在共同之处,同时根据项目全生命周期视角下维持项目的特异性需求提出了针对性影响因素和提升策略,为提升循证健康促进项目可持续性提供路径参考。展开更多
食管癌是威胁人类健康的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率及恶性程度均较高。目前新辅助放化疗后手术是局部晚期食管癌的标准治疗,然而长期预后仍不理想。近几年,程序性死亡受体1(programmed death protein-1,PD-1)及其配体(programmed death liga...食管癌是威胁人类健康的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率及恶性程度均较高。目前新辅助放化疗后手术是局部晚期食管癌的标准治疗,然而长期预后仍不理想。近几年,程序性死亡受体1(programmed death protein-1,PD-1)及其配体(programmed death ligand-1,PD-L1)抑制剂在其他实体肿瘤中取得了突破性进展,针对食管癌的研究也逐步开展。随着PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在晚期不可切除食管癌的一线、二线治疗中展现出良好效果,将其加入新辅助治疗方案也成为了热点。因此,本文就PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂的作用机制及其在食管癌新辅助治疗中的应用进行综述。展开更多
文摘In the present article I will first give a brief summary of the content of the book.Then I discuss some limitations of the book as well as my personal viewpoint about what the book fails to clarify and explain.
文摘The study of unit commitment (UC) aims to find reasonable schedules for generators to optimize power systems’ operation. Many papers have been published that solve UC through different methods. Articles that systematically summarize UC problems’ progress in order to update researchers interested in this field are needed. Because of its promising performance, stochastic programming (SP) has become increasingly researched. Most papers, however, present SP’s UC solving approaches differently, which masks their relationships and makes it hard for new researchers to quickly obtain a general idea. Therefore, this paper tries to give a structured bibliographic survey of SP’s applications in UC problems.
基金This work has received Unrestricted Grant Research to Prevent Blindness,New York,USA and Casey NIH Core grant(P30 EY010572),Bethesda,Maryland,USA.
文摘Graduate medical education(GME)has shifted its curricula from process-oriented approach to outcomes-oriented models.Program and faculty evaluation are methods by which educational curricula may adjust the teaching and learning environment to meet the needs and fills the gaps in GME.The measurement of educational outcomes is an essential for assessing teaching effectiveness in a shifting health care environment.In addition to trainee,program,and faculty evaluations,annual program review(APR)and evaluation and navigational changes made by the program education committee are essential to maintain effectiveness of an educational curriculum in a contemporary graduate medical training program.
文摘背景:骨相关细胞程序性死亡与临床上常见的骨相关疾病(如骨质疏松、骨关节炎)密切相关,中药骨碎补总黄酮可用于调控骨相关细胞程序性死亡,并且具有多靶点调控、毒性低等特点。目的:综述中药骨碎补总黄酮调控骨相关细胞程序性死亡机制的研究进展。方法:由第一作者在中国知网、维普数据库、万方数据库和PubMed、Web of Science数据库进行检索,英文检索词为“total flavonoids of rhizoma drynariae,naringin,naringenin,luteolin,kaempferol,programmed cell death,bone,cell”,中文检索词为“骨碎补总黄酮,柚皮素,柚皮苷,木犀草素,山柰酚,程序性死亡,骨,细胞”。根据纳入与排除标准,最终纳入72篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:骨碎补总黄酮通过影响磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B、Wnt/β-catenin和沉默信息调节因子3/叉头蛋白O3a等多种信号通路和分子表达降低间充质干细胞、成骨细胞和软骨细胞的死亡率,提高破骨细胞死亡率,纠正骨稳态失衡及软骨退变,为骨相关疾病的治疗提供了新视角。未来可以整合不同组学及测序等技术,系统解析骨碎补总黄酮调控骨相关细胞程序性死亡的分子网络,探讨骨碎补总黄酮多靶点、多途径的治疗作用机制,为骨相关疾病的治疗提供全新思路与方法。
基金supported by Innovative Research Team in Jiangsu Province(Suwei Kejiao [2016]22)Jiangsu University Brand Professional Construction Project of Nursing(Sujiaogao [2015]11)
文摘Objective: Venous leg ulceration(VLU) is one of the complications of lower extremity venous reflux and reflux disorder of severe diseases, with many adverse effects on patient’s work and life. Nowadays, more and more patients with VLU accept wound care in community setting. Clinical nurses generally take care of the patients based on their own experiences. Healing in VLU is an incredibly complex process, which puzzles even experts. The majority of general nurses do not have this level of expertise, especially those nurses serving in community. Function is the basis of nursing activities. Patients always show different clinical manifestations and selfcare abilities due to various function states, which cannot be reflected completely by the existing nursing practice. How to describe nursing practice standardized in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of interventions and facilitate interdisciplinary communication is another urgent problem. Therefore, the aim of this project is to develop an accurate nursing program based on function in chronic venous leg ulcers, which can both satisfy the needs of patients and promote nursing revolution.Methods: This study will use International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health as a framework to choose suitable functions and to filter function classification standards of chronic venous leg ulcers through evidence-based systematic research.Nursing interventions related to VLU are selected based on Nursing Interventions Classification, adding other nursing activities by methods of evidence-based systematic review and clinical observation. Then, nursing interventions and function status are matched through steering committee. Finally, the Delphi survey method is adopted to make nursing program native and scientific.Conclusions: This study is expected to be very significant and meaningful in using standardized nursing terminology. The nursing program established could better meet the needs of both patients with chronic venous leg ulcers and clinical nurses, promoting the development of wound specialist and standardized nursing language.
文摘目的系统分析脑卒中患者照顾者准备度干预方案的相关研究,识别干预的具体内容、结局指标和干预效果,以期为医护人员开展相关干预提供参考。方法以范围综述报告规范(PRISMA-ScR)为方法学指导,计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普网、中国生物医学文献数据、CINAHL、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library国内外数据库,检索时限为建库至2024年2月7日。结果共纳入17篇文献,干预方案制定的依据包括问题解决法、赋权教育、ADOPT模式、时机理论等10种理论;干预人员包括护士主导进行干预、多学科协作干预、社会工作者进行个案管理;干预方法主要采用健康教育手册、PPT讲解、技能示范、互联网宣教平台、电话或微信等形式一对一和(或)团体对照顾者进行讲解。干预内容包括疾病管理、照顾技能、康复锻炼、并发症预防、患者及照顾者情绪管理等内容;干预时长由2周~1年,每次干预时间15~60 min;结局指标涉及对患者、照顾者、信息化干预工具的评价3个方面。结论目前脑卒中患者照顾者准备度干预具有综合性、个性化的特点。未来研究应积极应用“互联网+护理服务”,并根据脑卒中患者功能障碍程度及照顾者需求制定科学、合适的干预方案。
文摘对中药调控细胞死亡防治阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer´s disease,AD)的主要作用机制进行综述,指出细胞死亡受多种因素调节,包括凋亡、自噬、程序性坏死和焦亡等。中药主要通过外源性和内源性信号途径调节细胞凋亡,通过雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)和非mTOR途径双向调节自噬,并通过抑制RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL信号通路,减轻程序性坏死,保护神经元;中药还能通过半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶1(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1,Caspase-1)激活的经典途径和Caspase-4、Caspase-5、Caspase-11激活的非经典途径抑制细胞焦亡,减轻炎症反应,从而发挥改善AD认知功能的作用。
文摘目的识别循证健康促进项目可持续性影响因素和提升策略。方法计算机检索CNKI、WanFang Data、VIP、PubMed和Web of Science数据库,筛选循证健康促进项目可持续性影响因素和提升策略有关研究,英文文献的检索时限为2018年6月19日至2024年12月3日,中文文献检索不设起始时间,截止时间与英文相同。3人依据文献纳入与排除标准筛选文献并提取纳入研究的基本特征,同时对纳入研究进行主题分析从而识别影响因素和提升策略。结果从纳入的65篇文献中,共识别了项目特征、组织特征、人力资源、物质资源、社区资源和政策资源共6类23个影响因素,以及项目规划、促进合作、能力建设、资源调动、沟通传播、项目评价共6类44条提升策略。结论本研究识别的项目可持续性影响因素和提升策略,与实施科学领域现有影响因素框架和策略集在维度划分和内容上存在共同之处,同时根据项目全生命周期视角下维持项目的特异性需求提出了针对性影响因素和提升策略,为提升循证健康促进项目可持续性提供路径参考。
文摘食管癌是威胁人类健康的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率及恶性程度均较高。目前新辅助放化疗后手术是局部晚期食管癌的标准治疗,然而长期预后仍不理想。近几年,程序性死亡受体1(programmed death protein-1,PD-1)及其配体(programmed death ligand-1,PD-L1)抑制剂在其他实体肿瘤中取得了突破性进展,针对食管癌的研究也逐步开展。随着PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在晚期不可切除食管癌的一线、二线治疗中展现出良好效果,将其加入新辅助治疗方案也成为了热点。因此,本文就PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂的作用机制及其在食管癌新辅助治疗中的应用进行综述。
