Regard to the real-time dynamic digital twin modelling problem of a new-type distribution network that includes distributed resources such as distributed photovoltaic,energy storage,charging pile,and electric vehicle,...Regard to the real-time dynamic digital twin modelling problem of a new-type distribution network that includes distributed resources such as distributed photovoltaic,energy storage,charging pile,and electric vehicle,a new-type distribution network digital twin topology modeling method based on Common Information Model(CIM)specifications and spectral clustering is proposed.Firstly,according to the specifications of the CIM standard,the digital twin topology models of distributed resources are extended and established.Secondly,based on the digital twin topology models of distributed resources,a digital twin aggregation modelling method for new-type distribution network is proposed based on spectral clustering.Furthermore,an online linked update strategy for the digital twin model of new-type distribution network that integrates real-time topology states is proposed.Finally,a case study is conducted on a distribution network in a certain demonstration area in China,and the results verify the practicability and effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.This lays the foundation for the application of electrical network twin analysis,such as power flow calculation,optimal power flow,economic dispatch,and safety check,in a new-type distribution network that includes diversified distributed resources.展开更多
This article outlines the technical specifications of super minimally invasive stepwise full-thickness resection surgery for colorectal cancer(sft-SMIR).sft-SMIR is a super minimally invasive surgery performed through...This article outlines the technical specifications of super minimally invasive stepwise full-thickness resection surgery for colorectal cancer(sft-SMIR).sft-SMIR is a super minimally invasive surgery performed through natural orifices,combining endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)and full-thickness resection(EFTR)techniques,aimed at curing the disease while maximizing the preservation of the structure and function of the colorectal organs.The article specifies that this technique is suitable for early colon cancer,early rectal cancer,and locally advanced low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy,detailing its indications and contraindications.It emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary team(MDT)assessment,meticulous preoperative imaging and endoscopic evaluation,standardized intraoperative procedures(including marking,dissection,traction,full-thickness resection,and wound closure),as well as rigorous postoperative management and follow-up processes.Additionally,the expert consensus highlights the need for a strong focus on infection prevention and the establishment of standardized training and quality control systems to promote the safe and standardized application of this difficult endoscopic technique.展开更多
Probiotics can regulate the body’s immune system through both non-specific and specific immunity,thereby regulating host health.In terms of non-specific immune regulation,probiotics can activate the intrinsic immune ...Probiotics can regulate the body’s immune system through both non-specific and specific immunity,thereby regulating host health.In terms of non-specific immune regulation,probiotics can activate the intrinsic immune system,regulate the mucosal barrier function,and play an immune role by influencing the activity of intrinsic immune cells such as macrophages,dendritic cells and natural killer cells,as well as their differentiation and maturation;in terms of specific immune regulation,probiotics play a role in regulating the immunoglobulin level and the maturation of B cells.Probiotics can also regulate T-cell differentiation according to the condition of the body,thus regulating specific immunity.Many studies have focused on the role of probiotics in metabolism and nutrition,and the mechanisms involved in the immunomodulatory role of probiotics have only been partially described.This review summarises the role of common probiotics such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in immunomodulation as well as their mechanisms,describing the currently known mechanisms of immunomodulation by probiotics in improving the host immune system.A deeper understanding of probiotics and their specific mechanisms of action will facilitate the use of probiotics for immunomodulation in clinical medicine,functional foods,and other areas.This will also contribute to the development and research of engineered probiotics,next-generation probiotics,and other new functional probiotics with immunomodulatory effects.展开更多
The genus Actinidia is primarily functionally dioecious,and early sex identification plays a crucial role in improving breeding efficiency and reducing production costs.In this study,the accuracy of three sex-linked m...The genus Actinidia is primarily functionally dioecious,and early sex identification plays a crucial role in improving breeding efficiency and reducing production costs.In this study,the accuracy of three sex-linked molecular markers(SyGI[Shy Girl],FrBy[Friendly Boy],and SmY1)in sex identification was evaluated in various Actinidia species.The selected marker products were subsequently cloned and sequenced in six wild Actinidia species.Ninety-six wild A.chinensis chinensis accessions and 74 A.chinensis deliciosa accessions,most of which were wild,with only one cultivated,were used for comprehensive primer validation.Thirty-three juvenile A.chinensis chinensis hybrid seedlings were used for practical application tests.The results showed that the marker SyGI accurately identified the sex of 20 samples from six Actinidia species and 96 A.chinensis chinensis accessions with 100%reliability.For Actinidia chinensis deliciosa,the identification accuracy reached 98.65%.Sequence analysis revealed that SyGI shared the highest similarity with the male-specific genomic region.Furthermore,SyGI achieved 100%accuracy in identifying the sex of 33 juvenile A.chinensis chinensis individuals.The findings confirm that the SyGI marker possesses high accuracy,strong specificity,and broad applicability,making it a valuable tool for kiwifruit breeding programs.The cloned sequences from wild Actinidia species also provide important references for future research on the mechanisms of sexual evolution and determination.展开更多
With the rapid development of Internet technology,REST APIs(Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interfaces)have become the primary communication standard in modern microservice architectures,raisin...With the rapid development of Internet technology,REST APIs(Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interfaces)have become the primary communication standard in modern microservice architectures,raising increasing concerns about their security.Existing fuzz testing methods include random or dictionary-based input generation,which often fail to ensure both syntactic and semantic correctness,and OpenAPIbased approaches,which offer better accuracy but typically lack detailed descriptions of endpoints,parameters,or data formats.To address these issues,this paper proposes the APIDocX fuzz testing framework.It introduces a crawler tailored for dynamic web pages that automatically simulates user interactions to trigger APIs,capturing and extracting parameter information from communication packets.A multi-endpoint parameter adaptation method based on improved Jaccard similarity is then used to generalize these parameters to other potential API endpoints,filling in gaps in OpenAPI specifications.Experimental results demonstrate that the extracted parameters can be generalized with 79.61%accuracy.Fuzz testing using the enriched OpenAPI documents leads to improvements in test coverage,the number of valid test cases generated,and fault detection capabilities.This approach offers an effective enhancement to automated REST API security testing.展开更多
The brain's functions are governed by molecular metabolic networks.However,due to the sophisticated spatial organization and diverse activities of the brain,characterizing both the minute and large-scale metabolic...The brain's functions are governed by molecular metabolic networks.However,due to the sophisticated spatial organization and diverse activities of the brain,characterizing both the minute and large-scale metabolic activity across the entire brain and its numerous micro-regions remains incredibly challenging.Here,we offer a high-definition spatially resolved metabolomics technique to better understand the metabolic specialization and interconnection throughout the mouse brain using improved ambient mass spectrometry imaging.This method allows for the simultaneous mapping of thousands of metabolites at a 30 μm spatial resolution across the mouse brain,ranging from structural lipids to functional neurotransmitters.This approach effectively reveals the distribution patterns of delicate microregions and their distinctive metabolic characteristics.Using an integrated database,we annotated 259 metabolites,demonstrating that the metabolome and metabolic pathways are unique to each brain microregion.The distribution of metabolites,closely linked to functionally connected brain regions and their interactions,offers profound insights into the complexity of chemical processes and their roles in brain function.An initial dataset for future metabolomics research might be obtained from the high-definition mouse brain's spatial metabolome atlas.展开更多
Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challengin...Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challenging due to its large genome size and high proportion of repetitive sequences.Allele-specific expression(ASE)plays a key role in regulating plant development and evolution,yet research on ASE in coconut is limited(Shao et al.,2019;Li et al.,2021;Zhang et al.,2021;Hu et al.,2022).Among phenotypic traits,fruit color is especially important as an indicator of maturity,guiding harvest timing and post-harvest processes(Kapoor et al.,2022).While prior studies have explored various coconut traits such as salt tolerance,fiber content,and plant height(Wang et al.,2021;Yang et al.,2021),investigations into ASE and fruit color remain scarce.展开更多
Dear Editor,Social anxiety disorder(SAD)is a prevalent psychiatric disorder,characterized by persistent and excessive fear of social situations in which the individual may be scrutinized by others[1].Typically emergin...Dear Editor,Social anxiety disorder(SAD)is a prevalent psychiatric disorder,characterized by persistent and excessive fear of social situations in which the individual may be scrutinized by others[1].Typically emerging in late childhood or adolescence with potential lifelong persistence,SAD significantly impairs interpersonal relationships,educational attainment,and occupational performance[2].Furthermore,SAD demonstrates high comorbidity rates with other mental disorders,including anxiety disorders,substanceuse disorder,and major depressive disorder[3].Current therapeutic interventions remain limited,with suboptimal response to existing psychological and pharmacological treatments in many patients,while the pathological mechanisms underlying SAD continue to elude comprehensive understanding[4].Establishing appropriate animal models is essential to investigating SAD's neural mechanisms and pathological underpinnings and developing effective therapeutic interventions.展开更多
s: The farmland shelterbelts in Northeastern Plain of China have formed relatively complete net system. The func-tions of shelterbelt net in omnibearing wind check and prevention of frostbite as well as the field of ...s: The farmland shelterbelts in Northeastern Plain of China have formed relatively complete net system. The func-tions of shelterbelt net in omnibearing wind check and prevention of frostbite as well as the field of integrated climate effect within shelterbelt net were analyzed, through located observation of meteorological factors. Within the shelterbelt net, the area with more than 10% efficiency of omnibearing wind check was determined as benefited area. The analysis of yield and quality of crops indicated that the sheltering range of shelterbelt net was 25 times tree height. The mature heights of the various varieties of poplar composed the shelterbelts were determined according to their height growth. Based on the comprehensive analysis above, the suitable size of farmland shelterbelt net in Northeastern Plain of China was decided to be 400 m×400 m.展开更多
Steviol glycosides are natural sweetener constituents found in the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Asteraceae). The specifications for steviol glycosides were established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on ...Steviol glycosides are natural sweetener constituents found in the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Asteraceae). The specifications for steviol glycosides were established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) in 2008, although there was a call in the following year for the modification of this assay method to enable the determination of nine steviol glycosides rather than just seven. In response, based on a proposed method by the Japan Stevia Association, we developed an improved method by changing the HPLC conditions and including the use of an octadecylsilyl column instead of an amino-bonded column to enable the rapid and reliable determination of the nine steviol glycosides by an isocratic HPLC-UV method. With the developed method, the nine steviol glycosides can be separately determined, and identified using individual reference chemicals as standards, unlike the previous identification method, which was based on the relative retention times. In addition, the single stevioside quantification standard was replaced with both stevioside and rebaudioside A quantification standards. Importantly, the validation of the developed method was successful. The limits of quantification for the nine steviol glycosides were between 0.2% and 0.6%. The developed assay method for the nine steviol glycosides was proposed to JECFA and adopted as the revised assay method for the steviol glycosides specifications at its 73rd meeting in 2010.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the control synthesis problem via dynamic output feedback for linear continuous-time systems with mixed frequency small gain specifications.A new method for designing dynamic output feedba...This paper is concerned with the control synthesis problem via dynamic output feedback for linear continuous-time systems with mixed frequency small gain specifications.A new method for designing dynamic output feedback controllers is presented such that the resulting closed-loop systems are asymptotically stable and meet the requirements of small gain specifications in both finite frequency ranges and the entire frequency range.The design conditions are given in terms of solutions to a set of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs).Finally,a numerical example is given to illustrate the design procedure and the advantage of the proposed method in comparison with the existing one.展开更多
In this review,we focus on providing basics and examples for each component of the protein therapeutic specifications to interested pharmacists and biopharmaceutical scientists with a goal to strengthen understanding ...In this review,we focus on providing basics and examples for each component of the protein therapeutic specifications to interested pharmacists and biopharmaceutical scientists with a goal to strengthen understanding in regulatory science and compliance.Pharmaceutical specifications comprise a list of important quality attributes for testing,references to use for test procedures,and appropriate acceptance criteria for the tests,and they are set up to ensure that when a drug product is administered to a patient,its intended therapeutic benefits and safety can be rendered appropriately.Conformance of drug substance or drug product to the specifications is achieved by testing an article according to the listed tests and analytical methods and obtaining test results that meet the acceptance criteria.Quality attributes are chosen to be tested based on their quality risk,and consideration should be given to the merit of the analytical methods which are associated with the acceptance criteria of the specifications.Acceptance criteria are set forth primarily based on efficacy and safety profiles,with an increasing attention noted for patient-centric specifications.Discussed in this work are related guidelines that support the biopharmaceutical specification setting,how to set the acceptance criteria,and examples of the quality attributes and the analytical methods from 60 articles and 23 pharmacopeial monographs.Outlooks are also explored on process analytical technologies and other orthogonal tools which are on-trend in biopharmaceutical characterization and quality control.展开更多
The Chinese standard Q/SHR001-95 for base stocks is compared with the APIspecifications. The viscosity-temperature characteristics of base stock required by lube oil in useand market demand on oil quality are analyzed...The Chinese standard Q/SHR001-95 for base stocks is compared with the APIspecifications. The viscosity-temperature characteristics of base stock required by lube oil in useand market demand on oil quality are analyzed. The quality indicators of base stocks in China andother countries are compared. A new classification of base stocks in response to the requirements ofmodern lube oil is proposed and the research on new technology to produce premium base stocksmeeting API specification is recommended on the basis of current base stock processing technology.展开更多
Bioremediation of shorelines polluted by spilling oil has no secondary pollution and saves manpower and material resources, so it has a wide market. Standardizing the operation methods and materials used of the techno...Bioremediation of shorelines polluted by spilling oil has no secondary pollution and saves manpower and material resources, so it has a wide market. Standardizing the operation methods and materials used of the technology can improve its efficiency. Therefore, the research process of technical specifications for bioremediation of shorelines polluted by spilling oil at home and abroad was expounded in this study.展开更多
The quality of mischmetal wire and rod and the method of adding rare earth into steel are quite important for making high quality steel. This paper proposes a quality specification of wire and rod as well as related a...The quality of mischmetal wire and rod and the method of adding rare earth into steel are quite important for making high quality steel. This paper proposes a quality specification of wire and rod as well as related adding method. The paper also provides principles for selecting raw material and adding method.展开更多
Based on SCR(Software Cost Reduction), this paper presents a formal mOdel analyzingSCR-style requirements- This model mainly apply state trans1ation rules, semantic computing rules and attributes to define formal seme...Based on SCR(Software Cost Reduction), this paper presents a formal mOdel analyzingSCR-style requirements- This model mainly apply state trans1ation rules, semantic computing rules and attributes to define formal sementics of a tabular notation in the SCR requirements method, and may automatically analyze requirements specifications to be specified by the SCR method. Combining with a simp1eexample, this paper introduces how to analyze consistency and completeness of requirements specifica-tlons.展开更多
This paper elaborates on the seedling technology,field cultivation technology,field management technology,seed harvesting and seed processing technology in the propagation process of Gentiana macrophylla to provide te...This paper elaborates on the seedling technology,field cultivation technology,field management technology,seed harvesting and seed processing technology in the propagation process of Gentiana macrophylla to provide technical support for artificial breeding of G. macrophylla.展开更多
The aim of this study is to standardize the planting technology of sweet sorghums for forage,to prepare? technical specifications for planting sweet sorghums for forage. Based on years of experiment,it is prepared acc...The aim of this study is to standardize the planting technology of sweet sorghums for forage,to prepare? technical specifications for planting sweet sorghums for forage. Based on years of experiment,it is prepared according to the requirements of GB/1. 1 Standardization Guide Rule Part I: Standard Structure and Compilation. The results show that it defines the application scope,basic requirements,preparation before sowing,planting requirements,field management,harvesting requirements of the technical specifications for planting sweet sorghums for forages,and determines the specific measures and technical indicators of the technical specifications. This paper provides technical support for the standardization,industrialization and marketization of planting sweet sorghums for forage.展开更多
We investigated the hydroxyl and saponification values of 27 samples of Polysorbate 60 products that were commercially available worldwide. We observed that the values of most of the studied samples were not within th...We investigated the hydroxyl and saponification values of 27 samples of Polysorbate 60 products that were commercially available worldwide. We observed that the values of most of the studied samples were not within the range established at the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), while they did agree with the specifications described in the USA, the EU and Japan. We believe that purities of the new commercial Polysorbate 60 samples are higher than those of the older products which were available when the JECFA specifications were discussed (around 1973). The present study suggests that the hydroxyl and saponification values of the current JECFA specifications for Polysorbate 60 should be re-evaluated.展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(5108-202218280A-2-396-XG).
文摘Regard to the real-time dynamic digital twin modelling problem of a new-type distribution network that includes distributed resources such as distributed photovoltaic,energy storage,charging pile,and electric vehicle,a new-type distribution network digital twin topology modeling method based on Common Information Model(CIM)specifications and spectral clustering is proposed.Firstly,according to the specifications of the CIM standard,the digital twin topology models of distributed resources are extended and established.Secondly,based on the digital twin topology models of distributed resources,a digital twin aggregation modelling method for new-type distribution network is proposed based on spectral clustering.Furthermore,an online linked update strategy for the digital twin model of new-type distribution network that integrates real-time topology states is proposed.Finally,a case study is conducted on a distribution network in a certain demonstration area in China,and the results verify the practicability and effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.This lays the foundation for the application of electrical network twin analysis,such as power flow calculation,optimal power flow,economic dispatch,and safety check,in a new-type distribution network that includes diversified distributed resources.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Project No.:2022YFC2503600)。
文摘This article outlines the technical specifications of super minimally invasive stepwise full-thickness resection surgery for colorectal cancer(sft-SMIR).sft-SMIR is a super minimally invasive surgery performed through natural orifices,combining endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)and full-thickness resection(EFTR)techniques,aimed at curing the disease while maximizing the preservation of the structure and function of the colorectal organs.The article specifies that this technique is suitable for early colon cancer,early rectal cancer,and locally advanced low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy,detailing its indications and contraindications.It emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary team(MDT)assessment,meticulous preoperative imaging and endoscopic evaluation,standardized intraoperative procedures(including marking,dissection,traction,full-thickness resection,and wound closure),as well as rigorous postoperative management and follow-up processes.Additionally,the expert consensus highlights the need for a strong focus on infection prevention and the establishment of standardized training and quality control systems to promote the safe and standardized application of this difficult endoscopic technique.
基金funded by Ausnutria-kabrita Research Fund(RS2022-14).
文摘Probiotics can regulate the body’s immune system through both non-specific and specific immunity,thereby regulating host health.In terms of non-specific immune regulation,probiotics can activate the intrinsic immune system,regulate the mucosal barrier function,and play an immune role by influencing the activity of intrinsic immune cells such as macrophages,dendritic cells and natural killer cells,as well as their differentiation and maturation;in terms of specific immune regulation,probiotics play a role in regulating the immunoglobulin level and the maturation of B cells.Probiotics can also regulate T-cell differentiation according to the condition of the body,thus regulating specific immunity.Many studies have focused on the role of probiotics in metabolism and nutrition,and the mechanisms involved in the immunomodulatory role of probiotics have only been partially described.This review summarises the role of common probiotics such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in immunomodulation as well as their mechanisms,describing the currently known mechanisms of immunomodulation by probiotics in improving the host immune system.A deeper understanding of probiotics and their specific mechanisms of action will facilitate the use of probiotics for immunomodulation in clinical medicine,functional foods,and other areas.This will also contribute to the development and research of engineered probiotics,next-generation probiotics,and other new functional probiotics with immunomodulatory effects.
基金funded by Sichuan Science and Technology Program,grant numbers 2021YFYZ0010,2023YFH0006,2025YFHZ0295The Basic Research Program of Sichuan Provincial Research Institutes,grant numbers 2024JDKY0001 and 2023JDKY0001.
文摘The genus Actinidia is primarily functionally dioecious,and early sex identification plays a crucial role in improving breeding efficiency and reducing production costs.In this study,the accuracy of three sex-linked molecular markers(SyGI[Shy Girl],FrBy[Friendly Boy],and SmY1)in sex identification was evaluated in various Actinidia species.The selected marker products were subsequently cloned and sequenced in six wild Actinidia species.Ninety-six wild A.chinensis chinensis accessions and 74 A.chinensis deliciosa accessions,most of which were wild,with only one cultivated,were used for comprehensive primer validation.Thirty-three juvenile A.chinensis chinensis hybrid seedlings were used for practical application tests.The results showed that the marker SyGI accurately identified the sex of 20 samples from six Actinidia species and 96 A.chinensis chinensis accessions with 100%reliability.For Actinidia chinensis deliciosa,the identification accuracy reached 98.65%.Sequence analysis revealed that SyGI shared the highest similarity with the male-specific genomic region.Furthermore,SyGI achieved 100%accuracy in identifying the sex of 33 juvenile A.chinensis chinensis individuals.The findings confirm that the SyGI marker possesses high accuracy,strong specificity,and broad applicability,making it a valuable tool for kiwifruit breeding programs.The cloned sequences from wild Actinidia species also provide important references for future research on the mechanisms of sexual evolution and determination.
基金supported by the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security,Ministry of Education of China(KLCS20240211)。
文摘With the rapid development of Internet technology,REST APIs(Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interfaces)have become the primary communication standard in modern microservice architectures,raising increasing concerns about their security.Existing fuzz testing methods include random or dictionary-based input generation,which often fail to ensure both syntactic and semantic correctness,and OpenAPIbased approaches,which offer better accuracy but typically lack detailed descriptions of endpoints,parameters,or data formats.To address these issues,this paper proposes the APIDocX fuzz testing framework.It introduces a crawler tailored for dynamic web pages that automatically simulates user interactions to trigger APIs,capturing and extracting parameter information from communication packets.A multi-endpoint parameter adaptation method based on improved Jaccard similarity is then used to generalize these parameters to other potential API endpoints,filling in gaps in OpenAPI specifications.Experimental results demonstrate that the extracted parameters can be generalized with 79.61%accuracy.Fuzz testing using the enriched OpenAPI documents leads to improvements in test coverage,the number of valid test cases generated,and fault detection capabilities.This approach offers an effective enhancement to automated REST API security testing.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.82473887 and 21927808)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Program of Shanghai (No.23DZ2202500)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (No.2021-1-I2M-026)。
文摘The brain's functions are governed by molecular metabolic networks.However,due to the sophisticated spatial organization and diverse activities of the brain,characterizing both the minute and large-scale metabolic activity across the entire brain and its numerous micro-regions remains incredibly challenging.Here,we offer a high-definition spatially resolved metabolomics technique to better understand the metabolic specialization and interconnection throughout the mouse brain using improved ambient mass spectrometry imaging.This method allows for the simultaneous mapping of thousands of metabolites at a 30 μm spatial resolution across the mouse brain,ranging from structural lipids to functional neurotransmitters.This approach effectively reveals the distribution patterns of delicate microregions and their distinctive metabolic characteristics.Using an integrated database,we annotated 259 metabolites,demonstrating that the metabolome and metabolic pathways are unique to each brain microregion.The distribution of metabolites,closely linked to functionally connected brain regions and their interactions,offers profound insights into the complexity of chemical processes and their roles in brain function.An initial dataset for future metabolomics research might be obtained from the high-definition mouse brain's spatial metabolome atlas.
基金supported by Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(CATAS-Nos.1630152023007,1630152023011,1630152023012,1630152023013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32071805).
文摘Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challenging due to its large genome size and high proportion of repetitive sequences.Allele-specific expression(ASE)plays a key role in regulating plant development and evolution,yet research on ASE in coconut is limited(Shao et al.,2019;Li et al.,2021;Zhang et al.,2021;Hu et al.,2022).Among phenotypic traits,fruit color is especially important as an indicator of maturity,guiding harvest timing and post-harvest processes(Kapoor et al.,2022).While prior studies have explored various coconut traits such as salt tolerance,fiber content,and plant height(Wang et al.,2021;Yang et al.,2021),investigations into ASE and fruit color remain scarce.
基金the support of the research platform provided by Professor Zhi-Ying Wu’s research group at the Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institutesupported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32200822).
文摘Dear Editor,Social anxiety disorder(SAD)is a prevalent psychiatric disorder,characterized by persistent and excessive fear of social situations in which the individual may be scrutinized by others[1].Typically emerging in late childhood or adolescence with potential lifelong persistence,SAD significantly impairs interpersonal relationships,educational attainment,and occupational performance[2].Furthermore,SAD demonstrates high comorbidity rates with other mental disorders,including anxiety disorders,substanceuse disorder,and major depressive disorder[3].Current therapeutic interventions remain limited,with suboptimal response to existing psychological and pharmacological treatments in many patients,while the pathological mechanisms underlying SAD continue to elude comprehensive understanding[4].Establishing appropriate animal models is essential to investigating SAD's neural mechanisms and pathological underpinnings and developing effective therapeutic interventions.
文摘s: The farmland shelterbelts in Northeastern Plain of China have formed relatively complete net system. The func-tions of shelterbelt net in omnibearing wind check and prevention of frostbite as well as the field of integrated climate effect within shelterbelt net were analyzed, through located observation of meteorological factors. Within the shelterbelt net, the area with more than 10% efficiency of omnibearing wind check was determined as benefited area. The analysis of yield and quality of crops indicated that the sheltering range of shelterbelt net was 25 times tree height. The mature heights of the various varieties of poplar composed the shelterbelts were determined according to their height growth. Based on the comprehensive analysis above, the suitable size of farmland shelterbelt net in Northeastern Plain of China was decided to be 400 m×400 m.
文摘Steviol glycosides are natural sweetener constituents found in the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Asteraceae). The specifications for steviol glycosides were established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) in 2008, although there was a call in the following year for the modification of this assay method to enable the determination of nine steviol glycosides rather than just seven. In response, based on a proposed method by the Japan Stevia Association, we developed an improved method by changing the HPLC conditions and including the use of an octadecylsilyl column instead of an amino-bonded column to enable the rapid and reliable determination of the nine steviol glycosides by an isocratic HPLC-UV method. With the developed method, the nine steviol glycosides can be separately determined, and identified using individual reference chemicals as standards, unlike the previous identification method, which was based on the relative retention times. In addition, the single stevioside quantification standard was replaced with both stevioside and rebaudioside A quantification standards. Importantly, the validation of the developed method was successful. The limits of quantification for the nine steviol glycosides were between 0.2% and 0.6%. The developed assay method for the nine steviol glycosides was proposed to JECFA and adopted as the revised assay method for the steviol glycosides specifications at its 73rd meeting in 2010.
基金Supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-04-0283)the Funds for Creative Research Groups of China(60521003)+4 种基金Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT0421)the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(60534010)and National Natural Science Foundation of China(60674021)the Funds of Ph.D.Program of Ministry of Education,China(20060145019)the 111 Project(B08015)
文摘This paper is concerned with the control synthesis problem via dynamic output feedback for linear continuous-time systems with mixed frequency small gain specifications.A new method for designing dynamic output feedback controllers is presented such that the resulting closed-loop systems are asymptotically stable and meet the requirements of small gain specifications in both finite frequency ranges and the entire frequency range.The design conditions are given in terms of solutions to a set of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs).Finally,a numerical example is given to illustrate the design procedure and the advantage of the proposed method in comparison with the existing one.
基金supported by the Grant for Development of New Faculty Staff,Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund,Chula-longkorn University,Thailand(Grant No.:DNS64_047_33_003_1 to Patanachai K.Limpikirati)Grant for Development of New Scholar,Office of the Permanent Secretary,Ministry of Higher Ed-ucation,Science,Research and Innovation,Thailand(Grant No.:RGNS64_012 to Patanachai K.Limpikirati).
文摘In this review,we focus on providing basics and examples for each component of the protein therapeutic specifications to interested pharmacists and biopharmaceutical scientists with a goal to strengthen understanding in regulatory science and compliance.Pharmaceutical specifications comprise a list of important quality attributes for testing,references to use for test procedures,and appropriate acceptance criteria for the tests,and they are set up to ensure that when a drug product is administered to a patient,its intended therapeutic benefits and safety can be rendered appropriately.Conformance of drug substance or drug product to the specifications is achieved by testing an article according to the listed tests and analytical methods and obtaining test results that meet the acceptance criteria.Quality attributes are chosen to be tested based on their quality risk,and consideration should be given to the merit of the analytical methods which are associated with the acceptance criteria of the specifications.Acceptance criteria are set forth primarily based on efficacy and safety profiles,with an increasing attention noted for patient-centric specifications.Discussed in this work are related guidelines that support the biopharmaceutical specification setting,how to set the acceptance criteria,and examples of the quality attributes and the analytical methods from 60 articles and 23 pharmacopeial monographs.Outlooks are also explored on process analytical technologies and other orthogonal tools which are on-trend in biopharmaceutical characterization and quality control.
文摘The Chinese standard Q/SHR001-95 for base stocks is compared with the APIspecifications. The viscosity-temperature characteristics of base stock required by lube oil in useand market demand on oil quality are analyzed. The quality indicators of base stocks in China andother countries are compared. A new classification of base stocks in response to the requirements ofmodern lube oil is proposed and the research on new technology to produce premium base stocksmeeting API specification is recommended on the basis of current base stock processing technology.
文摘Bioremediation of shorelines polluted by spilling oil has no secondary pollution and saves manpower and material resources, so it has a wide market. Standardizing the operation methods and materials used of the technology can improve its efficiency. Therefore, the research process of technical specifications for bioremediation of shorelines polluted by spilling oil at home and abroad was expounded in this study.
文摘The quality of mischmetal wire and rod and the method of adding rare earth into steel are quite important for making high quality steel. This paper proposes a quality specification of wire and rod as well as related adding method. The paper also provides principles for selecting raw material and adding method.
文摘Based on SCR(Software Cost Reduction), this paper presents a formal mOdel analyzingSCR-style requirements- This model mainly apply state trans1ation rules, semantic computing rules and attributes to define formal sementics of a tabular notation in the SCR requirements method, and may automatically analyze requirements specifications to be specified by the SCR method. Combining with a simp1eexample, this paper introduces how to analyze consistency and completeness of requirements specifica-tlons.
基金Supported by Lanzhou Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(2016-RC-64)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2017GAAS29)
文摘This paper elaborates on the seedling technology,field cultivation technology,field management technology,seed harvesting and seed processing technology in the propagation process of Gentiana macrophylla to provide technical support for artificial breeding of G. macrophylla.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(20120304201)
文摘The aim of this study is to standardize the planting technology of sweet sorghums for forage,to prepare? technical specifications for planting sweet sorghums for forage. Based on years of experiment,it is prepared according to the requirements of GB/1. 1 Standardization Guide Rule Part I: Standard Structure and Compilation. The results show that it defines the application scope,basic requirements,preparation before sowing,planting requirements,field management,harvesting requirements of the technical specifications for planting sweet sorghums for forages,and determines the specific measures and technical indicators of the technical specifications. This paper provides technical support for the standardization,industrialization and marketization of planting sweet sorghums for forage.
文摘We investigated the hydroxyl and saponification values of 27 samples of Polysorbate 60 products that were commercially available worldwide. We observed that the values of most of the studied samples were not within the range established at the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), while they did agree with the specifications described in the USA, the EU and Japan. We believe that purities of the new commercial Polysorbate 60 samples are higher than those of the older products which were available when the JECFA specifications were discussed (around 1973). The present study suggests that the hydroxyl and saponification values of the current JECFA specifications for Polysorbate 60 should be re-evaluated.
