Using the ultra-low permeability reservoirs in the L block of the Jiangsu oilfield as an example,a series of experiments,including slim tube displacement experiments of CO_(2)-oil system,injection capacity experiments...Using the ultra-low permeability reservoirs in the L block of the Jiangsu oilfield as an example,a series of experiments,including slim tube displacement experiments of CO_(2)-oil system,injection capacity experiments,and high-temperature,high-pressure online nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)displacement experiments,are conducted to reveal the oil/gas mass transfer pattern and oil production mechanisms during CO_(2) flooding in ultra-low permeability reservoirs.The impacts of CO_(2) storage pore range and miscibility on oil production and CO_(2) storage characteristics during CO_(2) flooding are clarified.The CO_(2) flooding process is divided into three stages:oil displacement stage by CO_(2),CO_(2) breakthrough stage,CO_(2) extraction stage.Crude oil expansion and viscosity reduction are the main mechanisms for improving recovery in the CO_(2) displacement stage.After CO_(2) breakthrough,the extraction of light components from the crude oil further enhances oil recovery.During CO_(2) flooding,the contribution of crude oil in large pores to the enhanced recovery exceeds 46%,while crude oil in medium pores serves as a reserve for incremental recovery.After CO_(2) breakthrough,a small portion of the crude oil is extracted and carried into nano-scale pores by CO_(2),becoming residual oil that is hard to recover.As the miscibility increases,the CO_(2) front moves more stably and sweeps a larger area,leading to increased CO_(2) storage range and volume.The CO_(2) full-storage stage contributes the most to the overall CO_(2) storage volume.In the CO_(2) escape stage,the storage mechanism involves partial in-situ storage of crude oil within the initial pore range and the CO_(2) carrying crude oil into smaller pores to increase the volume of stored CO_(2).In the CO_(2) leakage stage,as crude oil is produced,a significant amount of CO_(2) leaks out,causing a sharp decline in the storage efficiency.展开更多
Solid-state battery(SSB)with lithium metal anode(LMA)is considered as one of the most promising storage devices for the next generation.To simultaneously address two critical issues in lithium metal batteries:the nega...Solid-state battery(SSB)with lithium metal anode(LMA)is considered as one of the most promising storage devices for the next generation.To simultaneously address two critical issues in lithium metal batteries:the negative impact of interfacial compatibility on the electrochemical performance and the safety risks associated with Li dendrite growth-we propose a dual in-situ strategy for fabricating SSBs.Herein,the excellent cycling performance and improved safety of polymer SSB under dual in-situ strategy was confirmed.The lower Li nucleation barrier of Sn leads to uniform Li deposition on the modified-Li(ModLi)/solid-state electrolyte(SSE)interface.LiF-enriched layer on LMA contributes to capacity retention of 92%after 550 cycles in LiFePO_(4)SSB.The modified layer provides outstanding dendrite suppression ability under an overcharge condition of 5.5 V.The higher thermal stability of SSE than liquid electrolyte was investigated through in-situ heat and gas generation analysis,with ModLi+SSE generating only 9.9%of Li+SSE.Higher cycling stability of SSB was demonstrated through in-situ cycling heat generation analysis,and lower temperature sensitivity of SSB with 31%of heat production decrease from 30 to 70℃,while LIBs show a 54%reduction.Excellent high-temperature stability was proved by a 92%capacity retention at 60℃after 50 cycles.Ultimately,pouch cells with SSE of higher thermal stability and modifications on LMA achieved a higher self-heating onset temperature(Tonset)of 180℃and a lower thermal runaway maximum temperature(T_(max))of 401℃,The impacts of dual in-situ strategy for materials,interfaces,coin cells and pouch cells aid in further understanding on thermal runaway mechanism of SSB.展开更多
Recent studies have indicated that the injection of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))can lead to increased oil recovery in fractured shale reservoirs following natural depletion.Despite advancements in understanding mass exchang...Recent studies have indicated that the injection of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))can lead to increased oil recovery in fractured shale reservoirs following natural depletion.Despite advancements in understanding mass exchange processes in subsurface formations,there remains a knowledge gap concerning the disparities in these processes between the matrix and fractures at the pore scale in formations with varying permeability.This study aims to experimentally investigate the CO_(2) diffusion behaviors and in situ oil recovery through a CO_(2) huff‘n’puff process in the Jimsar shale oil reservoir.To achieve this,we designed three matrix-fracture models with different permeabilities(0.074 mD,0.170 mD,and 0.466 mD)and experimented at 30 MPa and 91℃.The oil concentration in both the matrix and fracture was monitored using a low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(LF-NMR)technique to quantify in situ oil recovery and elucidate mass-exchange behaviors.The results showed that after three cycles of CO_(2) huff‘n’puff,the total recovery degree increased from 30.28%to 34.95%as the matrix permeability of the core samples increased from 0.074 to 0.466 mD,indicating a positive correlation between CO_(2) extraction efficiency and matrix permeability.Under similar fracture conditions,the increase in matrix permeability further promoted CO_(2) extraction efficiency during CO_(2) huff‘n’puff.Specifically,the increase in matrix permeability of the core had the greatest effect on the extraction of the first-cycle injection in large pores,which increased from 16.42%to 36.64%.The findings from our research provide valuable insights into the CO_(2) huff‘n’puff effects in different pore sizes following fracturing under varying permeability conditions,shedding light on the mechanisms of CO_(2)-enhanced oil recovery in fractured shale oil reservoirs.展开更多
With the increasingly prominent problem of food safety,the quality traceability of characteristic agricultural products has become a pressing issue.This study focuses on the application of blockchain technology in the...With the increasingly prominent problem of food safety,the quality traceability of characteristic agricultural products has become a pressing issue.This study focuses on the application of blockchain technology in the traceability of characteristic agricultural products,aiming to explore its potential and practical value in improving the efficiency and transparency of the traceability system of agricultural products.Through the combination of case analysis and model construction,a blockchain-based traceability system for characteristic agricultural products was established.The results showed that the traceability system could effectively record the whole process information of agricultural products from production and processing to sales,and greatly improve the immutability and traceability of data.Lastly,this paper also points out that the use of blockchain technology can improve the market trust in characteristic agricultural products,provide consumers with authentic and reliable product information,and provide new technical means for the quality management of agricultural products.展开更多
To clarify the effects of mechanical sowing and transplanting on dry mat- ter production of middle-season hybrid rice, a two-factor split plot design was used to study the effects of different sowing and transplanting...To clarify the effects of mechanical sowing and transplanting on dry mat- ter production of middle-season hybrid rice, a two-factor split plot design was used to study the effects of different sowing and transplanting methods and their interac- tion with the seedling number per hill or seeding time on dry matter accumulation, distribution and transformation of F You 498, a middle-season hybrid rice variety, under field conditions in 2012 and 2013. The results showed that there was a marked effect of the sowing and transplanting methods and their interaction with the seedling number per hill or seeding time on dry matter accumulation, distribution and transformation. The total population dry matter accumulation of the treatments with mechanical direct seeding （MDS） and machine-based transplanting （MT） was lower than that of the treatment with traditional manual transplanting （TMT）. How- ever, MDS had higher dry matter accumulation and accumulating rate in the joint- ing-earing stage,and maintained higher stem-sheath exportation, export rate and transformation than MT and TMT; MT had higher dry matter accumulation and ac- cumulating rate in the heading-maturity period than MDS and TMT. Moreover, the treatments with low seedling number per hill or early seeding enhanced the assimi- lation of dry matter after heading,the ratio of dry matter accumulation after earing to biomass yield and the contribution rate of dry matter accumulation after earing, and a reasonable early sowing was favorable to increase the harvest index of middle- season hybrid rice under mechanical sowing and transplanting conditions.展开更多
Based on the production data of a large number of surface drainage wells in the Huainan mining area,the present study shows that four types of typical production characteristics for relieved methane wells are recogniz...Based on the production data of a large number of surface drainage wells in the Huainan mining area,the present study shows that four types of typical production characteristics for relieved methane wells are recognized,of which the stable type for production and gas concentration is the most dominate,as determined by a comprehensive study on the volume and concentration of drained gases, as well as the stress changes of rocks influenced by mining.Some influence factors for the productive differences of the drainage wells were also been discussed.The results indicate that protective coal-seam mining has a significant effect on overlying strata,which promotes the development of pores and fractures of coal reservoirs for methane desorption and migration;however,the production and the stability of drainage wells are affected by deformation and damage of the overlying strata.The second distribution of strata stress is caused by mining engineering,and if the stress load is larger than the carrying capacity of the extraction well,the gas production would be influenced by the drainage well that has been damaged by rock movement.Furthermore,the case damage occurs first in the weak, lithologic interface by its special mechanical properties.The stability of drainage wells and the production status are also influenced by the different drilling techniques,uneven distribution of gas concentration,and combination of gob gas and methane from the protected layer.展开更多
The hump characteristic is one of the main problems for the stable operation of pump turbines in pump mode.However,traditional methods cannot reflect directly the energy dissipation in the hump region.In this paper,3D...The hump characteristic is one of the main problems for the stable operation of pump turbines in pump mode.However,traditional methods cannot reflect directly the energy dissipation in the hump region.In this paper,3D simulations are carried out using the SST k-ω turbulence model in pump mode under different guide vane openings.The numerical results agree with the experimental data.The entropy production theory is introduced to determine the flow losses in the whole passage,based on the numerical simulation.The variation of entropy production under different guide vane openings is presented.The results show that entropy production appears to be a wave,with peaks under different guide vane openings,which correspond to wave troughs in the external characteristic curves.Entropy production mainly happens in the runner,guide vanes and stay vanes for a pump turbine in pump mode.Finally,entropy production rate distribution in the runner,guide vanes and stay vanes is analyzed for four points under the 18 mm guide vane opening in the hump region.The analysis indicates that the losses of the runner and guide vanes lead to hump characteristics.In addition,the losses mainly occur in the runner inlet near the band and on the suction surface of the blades.In the guide vanes and stay vanes,the losses come from pressure surface of the guide vanes and the wake effects of the vanes.A new insight-entropy production analysis is carried out in this paper in order to find the causes of hump characteristics in a pump turbine,and it could provide some basic theoretical guidance for the loss analysis of hydraulic machinery.展开更多
A strain of hydrogen producing bacteria was immobilized by polyvinyl alcohol-boric acid method, with the addition of a small amount of calcium alginate. The immobilized cells were insensitive to the presence of traces...A strain of hydrogen producing bacteria was immobilized by polyvinyl alcohol-boric acid method, with the addition of a small amount of calcium alginate. The immobilized cells were insensitive to the presence of traces of O2. Moreover, the immobilized cells increased both the evolution rate and the yield of hydrogen production. Batch experiments with a medium containing 10 g/L glucose demonstrated the yields of hydrogen production by the immobilized and free cells were 2.14 mol/mol glucose and 1.69 mol/mol glucose, respectively. In continuous cultures at medium retention time of 2.0 h, the yield and the evolution rate of hydrogen production by the immobilized cells were 2.31 mol/mol glucose and 1 435.4 ml/（L·h） respectively. However, at medium retention time of 6.0 h, the yield and the evolution rate of hydrogen production by free cells were only 1.75 mol/mol glucose and 362.9 ml/（L·h）, respectively.展开更多
Research on the effects of soil erosion on soil productivity has attracted increasing attention.Purple soil is one of the main soil types in China and plays an important role in the national economy.However,the relati...Research on the effects of soil erosion on soil productivity has attracted increasing attention.Purple soil is one of the main soil types in China and plays an important role in the national economy.However,the relationship between erosion and the productivity of purple soils has not been well studied.The purpose of this research was to determine if soil depth,which is dependent on the rate of erosion,has an influence on crop yield and growth.Plot and pot experiments at different soil depths were performed.Results indicate that soils from different parental materials had different growth features and crop yields due to the differential fertility of the derived soils.The yield reduction rate increases exponentially with the depth of eroded soil(level of erosion).The yield reduction rate per unit eroded soil horizon(10 cm) is approximately 10.5% for maize and wheat.展开更多
The pilot test of infilling polymer-surfactant-preformed particle gel(PPG)flooding has been successfully implemented after polymer flooding in Ng3 block of Gudao Oilfield in China.However,the production characteristic...The pilot test of infilling polymer-surfactant-preformed particle gel(PPG)flooding has been successfully implemented after polymer flooding in Ng3 block of Gudao Oilfield in China.However,the production characteristics and displacement mechanisms are still unclear,which restricts its further popularization and application.Aiming at this problem,this paper firstly analyzes the production performance of the pilot test and proposed four response types according to the change of water cut curves,including W-type,U-type,V-type response,and no response.Furthermore,the underlying reasons of these four types are analyzed from the aspects of seepage resistance and sweep efficiency.The overall sweep efficiency of gradual-rising W-type,gradual-decreasing W-type,and early V-type response increases from 0.81 to 0.93,0.55 to 0.89,and 0.94 to 1,respectively.And the sum of seepage resistance along the connection line between production well and injection well for U-type and delayed V-type response increases from 0.0994 to 0.2425,and 0.0677 to 0.1654,respectively.Then,the remaining oil distribution after polymer flooding is summarized into four types on the basis of production and geological characteristics,namely disconnected remaining oil,streamline unswept remaining oil,rhythm remaining oil,and interlayer-controlled remaining oil.Furthermore,the main displacement mechanisms for each type are clarified based on the dimensionless seepage resistance and water absorption profile.Generally,improving connectivity by well pattern infilling is the most important for producing disconnected remaining oil.The synergistic effect of well pattern infilling and polymer-surfactant-PPG flooding increases the dimensionless seepage resistance of water channeling regions and forces the subsequent injected water to turn to regions with streamline unswept remaining oil.The improvement of the water absorption profile by polymer-surfactant-PPG flooding and separated layer water injection contributes to displacing rhythm remaining oil and interlayer-controlled remaining oil.Finally,the paper analyzes the relationships between the remaining oil distribution after polymer flooding and production characteristics of infilling polymer-surfactant-PPG flooding.The study helps to deepen the understanding of infilling polymer-surfactant-PPG flooding and has reference significance for more commercial implementations in the future.展开更多
[Objective]The growth and production characteristics of different alfalfa varieties in Jiamusi were explored in the paper,in order to better study their cold resistance in northern regions. [Method]The yield traits in...[Objective]The growth and production characteristics of different alfalfa varieties in Jiamusi were explored in the paper,in order to better study their cold resistance in northern regions. [Method]The yield traits in different growth periods were measured using randomized block design method. [Results] The plant height of Longmu 803 was the highest of 66. 80 cm on the seeding year; the numbers of plants and branches per unit length of Longmu 808 were the highest of 94 plants and 184 branches,respectively,and its yield was the highest. The overwintering rate of each variety in the region was 100%. The yield of first mowing successively were Longmu 808 】 Longmu 80 】 Xunlu alfalfa 】 Aohan alfalfa 】 Zhaodong alfalfa 】 Longmu 807; the yield and 1 000-grain weight of Longmu803 were the highest,which were 20. 24 and 0. 09 g higher than control Zhaodong alfalfa,respectively. [Conclusion]The test alfalfa varieties have higher cold resistance in Jiamusi. Longmu 803 and Longmu 808 have both high grass production performance and excellent production performance.展开更多
Pasteurization,116 and 121℃sterilization were used in the development of Sichuan Industrial Huiguorou.The sensory,color,texture,lipid oxidation,preservation and flavor substance types and contents of the products wer...Pasteurization,116 and 121℃sterilization were used in the development of Sichuan Industrial Huiguorou.The sensory,color,texture,lipid oxidation,preservation and flavor substance types and contents of the products were determined,and the effects of different sterilization methods on product characteristics were compared.The results showed that pasteurization was the best way to maintain the edible quality of products,but the storage period of products was very short,so the products could only be quickly distributed and consumed.Sterilization at 116℃and sterilization at 121℃could ensure the shelf life of Huiguorou under non-refrigeration conditions,and effectively solve the problem of long-term storage and transportation of Sichuan meat dishes.However,higher temperature had more or less adverse effect on the flavor of the product,and the product texture was too soft.It suggested that the better way was to sterilize at 116℃,which had less adverse effect on the flavor of the product,and could greatly prolong the non-refrigerated storability of the product,and increase the content of aldehydes and esters,so as to improve the flavor.展开更多
The oxygen initiation process,one of the key processes in the early stage of the autothermic pyrolysis insitu conversion technology,has not been deeply investigated,which seriously limits its development.In this study...The oxygen initiation process,one of the key processes in the early stage of the autothermic pyrolysis insitu conversion technology,has not been deeply investigated,which seriously limits its development.In this study,the reaction behaviors,kinetic parameters,heat and product release characteristics during the isothermal oxygen initiation process of Huadian oil shale in O2/N2mixtures with different oxygen concentrations and initiation temperatures were investigated via TG/DSC-FTIR.The results show that the samples exhibit three different reaction behaviors during the initiation stage,consisting of two main parts,i.e.,the oxidative weight-gain and the oxidative reaction phases.The former phase is mainly characterized by the oxygen addition reaction that produces oxidizing groups which increase the sample mass.And the latter stage consists of two main subreactions.The first subreaction involves the oxidative cracking and pyrolysis of oxidizing groups and kerogen to produce fuel deposits such as residual carbon,while the second subreaction focuses on the oxidation of the resulting fuels.Furthermore,increasing the oxygen concentration significantly promotes the above reactions,leading to an increase in the reaction intensity and reaction rate.Owing to the combined effect of oxygen concentration and residual organic matter content,the total heat release increases with the increasing initiation temperature and reaches its maximum at 330-370℃.In addition,the preheating stage primarily produces hydrocarbon gases,while the initiation stage predominantly generates CO_(2).As the preheating temperature increases,the CO_(2)output intensifies,the required reaction time shortens,and the release becomes more concentrated.Based on these findings,a reaction mechanism for the oxygen initiation process of Huadian oil shale was proposed,and recommendations were provided for optimizing the construction process.展开更多
Nitrogen huff-n-puff(N_(2)HnP) appears to be an economical and high-efficiency enhanced oil recovery(EOR) technique for tight oil reservoirs.There is however a lack of understanding of the pore-level EOR performance o...Nitrogen huff-n-puff(N_(2)HnP) appears to be an economical and high-efficiency enhanced oil recovery(EOR) technique for tight oil reservoirs.There is however a lack of understanding of the pore-level EOR performance of N2HnP under tight reservoir conditions.In this work,a non-magnetic reactor was created and combined with a nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) device for real-time monitoring of oil distribution in the HnP experiment.N_(2)HnP experiments were then performed in a tight sandstone core sample at a temperature of 353 K and an injection pressure≥ 24 MPa.The pore-level oil distribution under reservoir conditions was monitored and the EOR performance of N2HnP in specific pores was analyzed.The pore throat structures of the core sample and the phase behavior of the N_(2)-Oil system were analyzed to elucidate the EOR mechanism of N_(2)HnP.An oil recovery factor of 37.52% can be achieved after four cycles,which proves the EOR potential of N_(2)HnP for tight reservoirs.The highest recoveries after N_(2)HnP are obtained in the large pores,followed by the medium pores,the small pores,and finally the micro pores.Increases in soaking time and injection pressure resulted in slight and pronounced increases in oil recovery,respectively,both of which are mainly reflected in the first cycle.Specifically,increasing the soaking time only slightly improves the cumulative oil recovery in the small pores while increasing the injection pressure significantly improves the cumulative oil recovery in the small,medium,and large pores simultaneously.However,variations in both injection pressure and soaking time have a negligible effect on the cumulative oil recovery of the micro pores.展开更多
Purple Soil distributes extensively and mainly in China. Because of abundant easily weatherable parent rocks/ materials and unstable soil structure, and also influenced by parent materials, usage systems, and slope gr...Purple Soil distributes extensively and mainly in China. Because of abundant easily weatherable parent rocks/ materials and unstable soil structure, and also influenced by parent materials, usage systems, and slope gradients, erosion and sediment production of purple soils are very severe with main fashions of water erosion and gravitational erosion. Basing on observed data in small watersheds, rainfall erosivity, vegetation coverage, previous soil water content, flow and relating factors such as climate, topograph of small watershed, land usage, and soil kinds are all the influence factors of erosion and erodibility of purple soil as well as sediment production and transport in small watershed of purple hilly areas. The effective technological countermeasures of ecosystem restoration, agricultural tillage for water conservation and erosion prevention, agriculture project, and soil changing for fertility and anti-erosion were provided.展开更多
A</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s a typical volatile oil reservoir, the actual production characteristics o</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">f Wenchang 8-...A</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s a typical volatile oil reservoir, the actual production characteristics o</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">f Wenchang 8-3 reservoir are inconsistent with the results of traditional phase equilibrium experiments. The conventional isothermal instantaneous phase equilibrium theory cannot meet the production performance or numerical simulation analysis requirements of this type of reservoir. The thermodynamic properties of volatile oil reservoirs are like those of condensate gas reservoirs. As the formation pressure drops below the dew point pressure during the mining process, the balance between the liquid phase and the gas phase is not completed instantaneously. Based on the non-equilibrium phase recovery treatment method of the condensate gas reservoir, the phase behavior change curve of the A4h well of Wenchang 8-3 oil reservoir recovered from the saturation pressure to three different pressures is analyzed. The accuracy of the numerical simulation results with or without non-equilibrium phase transition is compared. The results show that the non-equilibrium phase change has a great impact on the production performance of volatile oil reservoirs;t</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">he numerical simulation results considering the non-equilibrium phas</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e transition are in good agreement with the actual production performance of a single well and can better reflect the actual situation of this type of reservoir. Therefore, considering the effects of non-equilibrium phase transitions has important guiding significance for the dynamic analysis of volatile oil reservoirs, numerical simulation, and the formulation of development management strategies.展开更多
Pyrolysis is a promising technology for the treatment of refinery waste activated sludge(rWAS).In this study,attapulgite as a natural clay was used to enhance the pyrolysis of rWAS.The yields,characteristics of pyroly...Pyrolysis is a promising technology for the treatment of refinery waste activated sludge(rWAS).In this study,attapulgite as a natural clay was used to enhance the pyrolysis of rWAS.The yields,characteristics of pyrolytic products,pyrolytic kinetics and mechanisms were investigated.The attapulgite improved the conversion of rWAS into non-condensable gases and pyrolytic liquids.The bio-oil quality improved and the biochar yield reduced.The average activation energy of Stage Ⅰ(230-400℃)and Stage Ⅱ(400-500℃)decreased by 36.5%and 49.7%,respectively,compared to rWAS alone.Al_(2)O_(3)and Fe_(2)O_(3)in attapulgite enhanced the dealkylation reaction and cracking of C-C bonds.The content of the gasoline(<C_(13))fraction of bio-oil doubled relative to rWAS alone.Attapulgite promoted the deoxygenation,dehydroxylation and dehydrogenation reactions of O-containing compounds,and the content of CO and CO_(2) in non-condensable gases increased.Addition of attapulgite(rWAS:attapulgite ratio of 1:1)decreased the O mobility from 14.6%to 12.8%relative to rWAS alone.Also,the content of saturates in bio-oil increased from 38.5 wt%to 47.2 wt%and the lower heating value(LHV)increased from 6.8 kcal/kg to 8.4 kcal/kg.The heavy metals originally in rWAS were fixed into the pyrolytic residue and the environmental risks are low.This study demonstrates the role and potential of attapulgite in catalytic pyrolysis of rWAS with an added advantage of increased cost-effectiveness.展开更多
Theflow behavior of shale gas horizontal wells is relatively complex,and this should be regarded as the main reason for which conventional pipeflow models are not suitable to describe the related dynamics.In this stud...Theflow behavior of shale gas horizontal wells is relatively complex,and this should be regarded as the main reason for which conventional pipeflow models are not suitable to describe the related dynamics.In this study,numerical simulations have been conducted to determine the gas-liquid distribution in these wells.In particular,using the measuredflow pressure data related to 97 groups of shale gas wells as a basis,9 distinct pipeflow models have been assessed,and the models displaying a high calculation accuracy for different water-gas ratio(WGR)ranges have been identified.The results show that:(1)The variation law of WGR in gas well satisfies a power function relation.(2)The well structure is the main factor affecting the gas-liquid distribution in the wellbore.(3)The Beggs&Brill,Hagedorn&Brown and Gray models exhibit a high calculation accuracy.展开更多
The objective of this work was to verify the responses in agronomic and physiological characters of lettuce seedlings when submitted to different doses of humic acids and the presence or absence of inoculation of the ...The objective of this work was to verify the responses in agronomic and physiological characters of lettuce seedlings when submitted to different doses of humic acids and the presence or absence of inoculation of the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was carried out at the Protected Cultivation Station and Biological Control Teacher Mário César Lopes, belonging to the Experimental Stations Nucleus of the State University of the West of Paraná. The experimental design was a randomized block design, in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with four repetitions, totaling 40 plots. The first factor consisted of five solutions containing humic acid (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0%) and the second factor was the presence or absence of the diazotrophic bacterium Azospirillum brasilense obtained by commercial product. Germination tests were carried out in addition to the determination of agronomic characters such as the number of fully expanded leaves, plant height, stem diameter, main root length, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, and Dickson quality index. The association of diazotrophic bacteria and humic acids did not influence the emergency rate, mean emergence time, mean speed of emergency, emergence speed index, plant height, and root length of lettuce seedlings. The dilutions of humic acids, regardless of inoculation with bacteria diazotrophic favored the development of the number of leaves, stem diameter and Dickson quality index. Inoculation of lettuce seeds with diazotrophic bacteria associated with the addition of humic acids, favored the development of the dry mass of root and total dry matter.展开更多
This book is a report that reflects the journey of building a Livable and business-friendly beautiful countryside in Shiyi Village,Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County,Sichuan Province.The work focuses on the reconstructi...This book is a report that reflects the journey of building a Livable and business-friendly beautiful countryside in Shiyi Village,Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County,Sichuan Province.The work focuses on the reconstruction of Shiyi Village,a Qiang ethnic village in the clouds,after the Wenchuan Earthquake,where efforts were made to develop characteristic agricultural products such as Loquats and ginkgo biLoba,and to innovate and grow tourism with unique Qiang ethnical characteristics,transforming a barren and desolate mountain into a beautiful Qiang village filled with fragrant flowers,sweet fruits,and crowds of tourists.Today,Shiyi Village has developed from a post-earthquake reconstruction village into a nationally recognized village of various ethnic groups,a demonstration village for the Oiang ethnic group's culture,a model village for rural tourism in China,and a nationally civilized village.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52274053)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(3232028).
文摘Using the ultra-low permeability reservoirs in the L block of the Jiangsu oilfield as an example,a series of experiments,including slim tube displacement experiments of CO_(2)-oil system,injection capacity experiments,and high-temperature,high-pressure online nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)displacement experiments,are conducted to reveal the oil/gas mass transfer pattern and oil production mechanisms during CO_(2) flooding in ultra-low permeability reservoirs.The impacts of CO_(2) storage pore range and miscibility on oil production and CO_(2) storage characteristics during CO_(2) flooding are clarified.The CO_(2) flooding process is divided into three stages:oil displacement stage by CO_(2),CO_(2) breakthrough stage,CO_(2) extraction stage.Crude oil expansion and viscosity reduction are the main mechanisms for improving recovery in the CO_(2) displacement stage.After CO_(2) breakthrough,the extraction of light components from the crude oil further enhances oil recovery.During CO_(2) flooding,the contribution of crude oil in large pores to the enhanced recovery exceeds 46%,while crude oil in medium pores serves as a reserve for incremental recovery.After CO_(2) breakthrough,a small portion of the crude oil is extracted and carried into nano-scale pores by CO_(2),becoming residual oil that is hard to recover.As the miscibility increases,the CO_(2) front moves more stably and sweeps a larger area,leading to increased CO_(2) storage range and volume.The CO_(2) full-storage stage contributes the most to the overall CO_(2) storage volume.In the CO_(2) escape stage,the storage mechanism involves partial in-situ storage of crude oil within the initial pore range and the CO_(2) carrying crude oil into smaller pores to increase the volume of stored CO_(2).In the CO_(2) leakage stage,as crude oil is produced,a significant amount of CO_(2) leaks out,causing a sharp decline in the storage efficiency.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2024B1111080001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52204248 and 52474258)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(Y201768)。
文摘Solid-state battery(SSB)with lithium metal anode(LMA)is considered as one of the most promising storage devices for the next generation.To simultaneously address two critical issues in lithium metal batteries:the negative impact of interfacial compatibility on the electrochemical performance and the safety risks associated with Li dendrite growth-we propose a dual in-situ strategy for fabricating SSBs.Herein,the excellent cycling performance and improved safety of polymer SSB under dual in-situ strategy was confirmed.The lower Li nucleation barrier of Sn leads to uniform Li deposition on the modified-Li(ModLi)/solid-state electrolyte(SSE)interface.LiF-enriched layer on LMA contributes to capacity retention of 92%after 550 cycles in LiFePO_(4)SSB.The modified layer provides outstanding dendrite suppression ability under an overcharge condition of 5.5 V.The higher thermal stability of SSE than liquid electrolyte was investigated through in-situ heat and gas generation analysis,with ModLi+SSE generating only 9.9%of Li+SSE.Higher cycling stability of SSB was demonstrated through in-situ cycling heat generation analysis,and lower temperature sensitivity of SSB with 31%of heat production decrease from 30 to 70℃,while LIBs show a 54%reduction.Excellent high-temperature stability was proved by a 92%capacity retention at 60℃after 50 cycles.Ultimately,pouch cells with SSE of higher thermal stability and modifications on LMA achieved a higher self-heating onset temperature(Tonset)of 180℃and a lower thermal runaway maximum temperature(T_(max))of 401℃,The impacts of dual in-situ strategy for materials,interfaces,coin cells and pouch cells aid in further understanding on thermal runaway mechanism of SSB.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China via grant number 52174035,52304048China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722637)Research and Innovation Fund for Graduate Students of Southwest Petroleum University(2022KYCX026).
文摘Recent studies have indicated that the injection of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))can lead to increased oil recovery in fractured shale reservoirs following natural depletion.Despite advancements in understanding mass exchange processes in subsurface formations,there remains a knowledge gap concerning the disparities in these processes between the matrix and fractures at the pore scale in formations with varying permeability.This study aims to experimentally investigate the CO_(2) diffusion behaviors and in situ oil recovery through a CO_(2) huff‘n’puff process in the Jimsar shale oil reservoir.To achieve this,we designed three matrix-fracture models with different permeabilities(0.074 mD,0.170 mD,and 0.466 mD)and experimented at 30 MPa and 91℃.The oil concentration in both the matrix and fracture was monitored using a low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(LF-NMR)technique to quantify in situ oil recovery and elucidate mass-exchange behaviors.The results showed that after three cycles of CO_(2) huff‘n’puff,the total recovery degree increased from 30.28%to 34.95%as the matrix permeability of the core samples increased from 0.074 to 0.466 mD,indicating a positive correlation between CO_(2) extraction efficiency and matrix permeability.Under similar fracture conditions,the increase in matrix permeability further promoted CO_(2) extraction efficiency during CO_(2) huff‘n’puff.Specifically,the increase in matrix permeability of the core had the greatest effect on the extraction of the first-cycle injection in large pores,which increased from 16.42%to 36.64%.The findings from our research provide valuable insights into the CO_(2) huff‘n’puff effects in different pore sizes following fracturing under varying permeability conditions,shedding light on the mechanisms of CO_(2)-enhanced oil recovery in fractured shale oil reservoirs.
文摘With the increasingly prominent problem of food safety,the quality traceability of characteristic agricultural products has become a pressing issue.This study focuses on the application of blockchain technology in the traceability of characteristic agricultural products,aiming to explore its potential and practical value in improving the efficiency and transparency of the traceability system of agricultural products.Through the combination of case analysis and model construction,a blockchain-based traceability system for characteristic agricultural products was established.The results showed that the traceability system could effectively record the whole process information of agricultural products from production and processing to sales,and greatly improve the immutability and traceability of data.Lastly,this paper also points out that the use of blockchain technology can improve the market trust in characteristic agricultural products,provide consumers with authentic and reliable product information,and provide new technical means for the quality management of agricultural products.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303129)National Science and Technology Project for Bump Crop(2011BAD16B05)Scientific Research Foundation of Sichuan Agricultural University~~
文摘To clarify the effects of mechanical sowing and transplanting on dry mat- ter production of middle-season hybrid rice, a two-factor split plot design was used to study the effects of different sowing and transplanting methods and their interac- tion with the seedling number per hill or seeding time on dry matter accumulation, distribution and transformation of F You 498, a middle-season hybrid rice variety, under field conditions in 2012 and 2013. The results showed that there was a marked effect of the sowing and transplanting methods and their interaction with the seedling number per hill or seeding time on dry matter accumulation, distribution and transformation. The total population dry matter accumulation of the treatments with mechanical direct seeding （MDS） and machine-based transplanting （MT） was lower than that of the treatment with traditional manual transplanting （TMT）. How- ever, MDS had higher dry matter accumulation and accumulating rate in the joint- ing-earing stage,and maintained higher stem-sheath exportation, export rate and transformation than MT and TMT; MT had higher dry matter accumulation and ac- cumulating rate in the heading-maturity period than MDS and TMT. Moreover, the treatments with low seedling number per hill or early seeding enhanced the assimi- lation of dry matter after heading,the ratio of dry matter accumulation after earing to biomass yield and the contribution rate of dry matter accumulation after earing, and a reasonable early sowing was favorable to increase the harvest index of middle- season hybrid rice under mechanical sowing and transplanting conditions.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863)(grant no.2007AA06Z220)Important Project of the Ministry of Education(grant no.307014)the Huainan Mining Group program
文摘Based on the production data of a large number of surface drainage wells in the Huainan mining area,the present study shows that four types of typical production characteristics for relieved methane wells are recognized,of which the stable type for production and gas concentration is the most dominate,as determined by a comprehensive study on the volume and concentration of drained gases, as well as the stress changes of rocks influenced by mining.Some influence factors for the productive differences of the drainage wells were also been discussed.The results indicate that protective coal-seam mining has a significant effect on overlying strata,which promotes the development of pores and fractures of coal reservoirs for methane desorption and migration;however,the production and the stability of drainage wells are affected by deformation and damage of the overlying strata.The second distribution of strata stress is caused by mining engineering,and if the stress load is larger than the carrying capacity of the extraction well,the gas production would be influenced by the drainage well that has been damaged by rock movement.Furthermore,the case damage occurs first in the weak, lithologic interface by its special mechanical properties.The stability of drainage wells and the production status are also influenced by the different drilling techniques,uneven distribution of gas concentration,and combination of gob gas and methane from the protected layer.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&G Program(Grant No.2012BAF03B01-X)Innovative Research Groups of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51121004)
文摘The hump characteristic is one of the main problems for the stable operation of pump turbines in pump mode.However,traditional methods cannot reflect directly the energy dissipation in the hump region.In this paper,3D simulations are carried out using the SST k-ω turbulence model in pump mode under different guide vane openings.The numerical results agree with the experimental data.The entropy production theory is introduced to determine the flow losses in the whole passage,based on the numerical simulation.The variation of entropy production under different guide vane openings is presented.The results show that entropy production appears to be a wave,with peaks under different guide vane openings,which correspond to wave troughs in the external characteristic curves.Entropy production mainly happens in the runner,guide vanes and stay vanes for a pump turbine in pump mode.Finally,entropy production rate distribution in the runner,guide vanes and stay vanes is analyzed for four points under the 18 mm guide vane opening in the hump region.The analysis indicates that the losses of the runner and guide vanes lead to hump characteristics.In addition,the losses mainly occur in the runner inlet near the band and on the suction surface of the blades.In the guide vanes and stay vanes,the losses come from pressure surface of the guide vanes and the wake effects of the vanes.A new insight-entropy production analysis is carried out in this paper in order to find the causes of hump characteristics in a pump turbine,and it could provide some basic theoretical guidance for the loss analysis of hydraulic machinery.
文摘A strain of hydrogen producing bacteria was immobilized by polyvinyl alcohol-boric acid method, with the addition of a small amount of calcium alginate. The immobilized cells were insensitive to the presence of traces of O2. Moreover, the immobilized cells increased both the evolution rate and the yield of hydrogen production. Batch experiments with a medium containing 10 g/L glucose demonstrated the yields of hydrogen production by the immobilized and free cells were 2.14 mol/mol glucose and 1.69 mol/mol glucose, respectively. In continuous cultures at medium retention time of 2.0 h, the yield and the evolution rate of hydrogen production by the immobilized cells were 2.31 mol/mol glucose and 1 435.4 ml/（L·h） respectively. However, at medium retention time of 6.0 h, the yield and the evolution rate of hydrogen production by free cells were only 1.75 mol/mol glucose and 362.9 ml/（L·h）, respectively.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation Committee (Grant No.40971168)the National 973 Program(2007CB407206)
文摘Research on the effects of soil erosion on soil productivity has attracted increasing attention.Purple soil is one of the main soil types in China and plays an important role in the national economy.However,the relationship between erosion and the productivity of purple soils has not been well studied.The purpose of this research was to determine if soil depth,which is dependent on the rate of erosion,has an influence on crop yield and growth.Plot and pot experiments at different soil depths were performed.Results indicate that soils from different parental materials had different growth features and crop yields due to the differential fertility of the derived soils.The yield reduction rate increases exponentially with the depth of eroded soil(level of erosion).The yield reduction rate per unit eroded soil horizon(10 cm) is approximately 10.5% for maize and wheat.
基金The authors greatly appreciate the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52104027)the Project supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21B2070)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.ZR2021ME072).
文摘The pilot test of infilling polymer-surfactant-preformed particle gel(PPG)flooding has been successfully implemented after polymer flooding in Ng3 block of Gudao Oilfield in China.However,the production characteristics and displacement mechanisms are still unclear,which restricts its further popularization and application.Aiming at this problem,this paper firstly analyzes the production performance of the pilot test and proposed four response types according to the change of water cut curves,including W-type,U-type,V-type response,and no response.Furthermore,the underlying reasons of these four types are analyzed from the aspects of seepage resistance and sweep efficiency.The overall sweep efficiency of gradual-rising W-type,gradual-decreasing W-type,and early V-type response increases from 0.81 to 0.93,0.55 to 0.89,and 0.94 to 1,respectively.And the sum of seepage resistance along the connection line between production well and injection well for U-type and delayed V-type response increases from 0.0994 to 0.2425,and 0.0677 to 0.1654,respectively.Then,the remaining oil distribution after polymer flooding is summarized into four types on the basis of production and geological characteristics,namely disconnected remaining oil,streamline unswept remaining oil,rhythm remaining oil,and interlayer-controlled remaining oil.Furthermore,the main displacement mechanisms for each type are clarified based on the dimensionless seepage resistance and water absorption profile.Generally,improving connectivity by well pattern infilling is the most important for producing disconnected remaining oil.The synergistic effect of well pattern infilling and polymer-surfactant-PPG flooding increases the dimensionless seepage resistance of water channeling regions and forces the subsequent injected water to turn to regions with streamline unswept remaining oil.The improvement of the water absorption profile by polymer-surfactant-PPG flooding and separated layer water injection contributes to displacing rhythm remaining oil and interlayer-controlled remaining oil.Finally,the paper analyzes the relationships between the remaining oil distribution after polymer flooding and production characteristics of infilling polymer-surfactant-PPG flooding.The study helps to deepen the understanding of infilling polymer-surfactant-PPG flooding and has reference significance for more commercial implementations in the future.
基金Supported by Postdoctoral Fund of Heilongjiang Provincial Government"Key Technologies of Cold Resistance of Alfalfa"(LBH-Z12239)
文摘[Objective]The growth and production characteristics of different alfalfa varieties in Jiamusi were explored in the paper,in order to better study their cold resistance in northern regions. [Method]The yield traits in different growth periods were measured using randomized block design method. [Results] The plant height of Longmu 803 was the highest of 66. 80 cm on the seeding year; the numbers of plants and branches per unit length of Longmu 808 were the highest of 94 plants and 184 branches,respectively,and its yield was the highest. The overwintering rate of each variety in the region was 100%. The yield of first mowing successively were Longmu 808 】 Longmu 80 】 Xunlu alfalfa 】 Aohan alfalfa 】 Zhaodong alfalfa 】 Longmu 807; the yield and 1 000-grain weight of Longmu803 were the highest,which were 20. 24 and 0. 09 g higher than control Zhaodong alfalfa,respectively. [Conclusion]The test alfalfa varieties have higher cold resistance in Jiamusi. Longmu 803 and Longmu 808 have both high grass production performance and excellent production performance.
基金Open Project of Sichuan Key Laboratory of Culinary Science of Sichuan Tourism University(PRKX201905)Open Fund Project of Sichuan Key Laboratory of Meat Processing(20-R-11)Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements and Patent Implementation Project of Liangshan Prefecture(20CGZH0003).
文摘Pasteurization,116 and 121℃sterilization were used in the development of Sichuan Industrial Huiguorou.The sensory,color,texture,lipid oxidation,preservation and flavor substance types and contents of the products were determined,and the effects of different sterilization methods on product characteristics were compared.The results showed that pasteurization was the best way to maintain the edible quality of products,but the storage period of products was very short,so the products could only be quickly distributed and consumed.Sterilization at 116℃and sterilization at 121℃could ensure the shelf life of Huiguorou under non-refrigeration conditions,and effectively solve the problem of long-term storage and transportation of Sichuan meat dishes.However,higher temperature had more or less adverse effect on the flavor of the product,and the product texture was too soft.It suggested that the better way was to sterilize at 116℃,which had less adverse effect on the flavor of the product,and could greatly prolong the non-refrigerated storability of the product,and increase the content of aldehydes and esters,so as to improve the flavor.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant Number 2023M743305the National Funding Program for Postdoctoral Fellows(GZC20232484)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFA0705502,2019YFA0705501)the Young and Middle-aged Excellent Team Project for Scientific and Technological Innovation of Jilin Province,Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(42202345)。
文摘The oxygen initiation process,one of the key processes in the early stage of the autothermic pyrolysis insitu conversion technology,has not been deeply investigated,which seriously limits its development.In this study,the reaction behaviors,kinetic parameters,heat and product release characteristics during the isothermal oxygen initiation process of Huadian oil shale in O2/N2mixtures with different oxygen concentrations and initiation temperatures were investigated via TG/DSC-FTIR.The results show that the samples exhibit three different reaction behaviors during the initiation stage,consisting of two main parts,i.e.,the oxidative weight-gain and the oxidative reaction phases.The former phase is mainly characterized by the oxygen addition reaction that produces oxidizing groups which increase the sample mass.And the latter stage consists of two main subreactions.The first subreaction involves the oxidative cracking and pyrolysis of oxidizing groups and kerogen to produce fuel deposits such as residual carbon,while the second subreaction focuses on the oxidation of the resulting fuels.Furthermore,increasing the oxygen concentration significantly promotes the above reactions,leading to an increase in the reaction intensity and reaction rate.Owing to the combined effect of oxygen concentration and residual organic matter content,the total heat release increases with the increasing initiation temperature and reaches its maximum at 330-370℃.In addition,the preheating stage primarily produces hydrocarbon gases,while the initiation stage predominantly generates CO_(2).As the preheating temperature increases,the CO_(2)output intensifies,the required reaction time shortens,and the release becomes more concentrated.Based on these findings,a reaction mechanism for the oxygen initiation process of Huadian oil shale was proposed,and recommendations were provided for optimizing the construction process.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074319)the Strategic Cooperation Technology Project of CNPC(ZLZX2020-01-08)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum-Beijing(2462021QNXZ008)
文摘Nitrogen huff-n-puff(N_(2)HnP) appears to be an economical and high-efficiency enhanced oil recovery(EOR) technique for tight oil reservoirs.There is however a lack of understanding of the pore-level EOR performance of N2HnP under tight reservoir conditions.In this work,a non-magnetic reactor was created and combined with a nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) device for real-time monitoring of oil distribution in the HnP experiment.N_(2)HnP experiments were then performed in a tight sandstone core sample at a temperature of 353 K and an injection pressure≥ 24 MPa.The pore-level oil distribution under reservoir conditions was monitored and the EOR performance of N2HnP in specific pores was analyzed.The pore throat structures of the core sample and the phase behavior of the N_(2)-Oil system were analyzed to elucidate the EOR mechanism of N_(2)HnP.An oil recovery factor of 37.52% can be achieved after four cycles,which proves the EOR potential of N_(2)HnP for tight reservoirs.The highest recoveries after N_(2)HnP are obtained in the large pores,followed by the medium pores,the small pores,and finally the micro pores.Increases in soaking time and injection pressure resulted in slight and pronounced increases in oil recovery,respectively,both of which are mainly reflected in the first cycle.Specifically,increasing the soaking time only slightly improves the cumulative oil recovery in the small pores while increasing the injection pressure significantly improves the cumulative oil recovery in the small,medium,and large pores simultaneously.However,variations in both injection pressure and soaking time have a negligible effect on the cumulative oil recovery of the micro pores.
基金Supported by Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZCX3-SW-330, KZCX2-SW-319).
文摘Purple Soil distributes extensively and mainly in China. Because of abundant easily weatherable parent rocks/ materials and unstable soil structure, and also influenced by parent materials, usage systems, and slope gradients, erosion and sediment production of purple soils are very severe with main fashions of water erosion and gravitational erosion. Basing on observed data in small watersheds, rainfall erosivity, vegetation coverage, previous soil water content, flow and relating factors such as climate, topograph of small watershed, land usage, and soil kinds are all the influence factors of erosion and erodibility of purple soil as well as sediment production and transport in small watershed of purple hilly areas. The effective technological countermeasures of ecosystem restoration, agricultural tillage for water conservation and erosion prevention, agriculture project, and soil changing for fertility and anti-erosion were provided.
文摘A</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s a typical volatile oil reservoir, the actual production characteristics o</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">f Wenchang 8-3 reservoir are inconsistent with the results of traditional phase equilibrium experiments. The conventional isothermal instantaneous phase equilibrium theory cannot meet the production performance or numerical simulation analysis requirements of this type of reservoir. The thermodynamic properties of volatile oil reservoirs are like those of condensate gas reservoirs. As the formation pressure drops below the dew point pressure during the mining process, the balance between the liquid phase and the gas phase is not completed instantaneously. Based on the non-equilibrium phase recovery treatment method of the condensate gas reservoir, the phase behavior change curve of the A4h well of Wenchang 8-3 oil reservoir recovered from the saturation pressure to three different pressures is analyzed. The accuracy of the numerical simulation results with or without non-equilibrium phase transition is compared. The results show that the non-equilibrium phase change has a great impact on the production performance of volatile oil reservoirs;t</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">he numerical simulation results considering the non-equilibrium phas</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e transition are in good agreement with the actual production performance of a single well and can better reflect the actual situation of this type of reservoir. Therefore, considering the effects of non-equilibrium phase transitions has important guiding significance for the dynamic analysis of volatile oil reservoirs, numerical simulation, and the formulation of development management strategies.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1801903-01 and 2019YFC1806201-01)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21776307)Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum-Beijing(No.2462018BJB001 and 2462020YXZZ035)。
文摘Pyrolysis is a promising technology for the treatment of refinery waste activated sludge(rWAS).In this study,attapulgite as a natural clay was used to enhance the pyrolysis of rWAS.The yields,characteristics of pyrolytic products,pyrolytic kinetics and mechanisms were investigated.The attapulgite improved the conversion of rWAS into non-condensable gases and pyrolytic liquids.The bio-oil quality improved and the biochar yield reduced.The average activation energy of Stage Ⅰ(230-400℃)and Stage Ⅱ(400-500℃)decreased by 36.5%and 49.7%,respectively,compared to rWAS alone.Al_(2)O_(3)and Fe_(2)O_(3)in attapulgite enhanced the dealkylation reaction and cracking of C-C bonds.The content of the gasoline(<C_(13))fraction of bio-oil doubled relative to rWAS alone.Attapulgite promoted the deoxygenation,dehydroxylation and dehydrogenation reactions of O-containing compounds,and the content of CO and CO_(2) in non-condensable gases increased.Addition of attapulgite(rWAS:attapulgite ratio of 1:1)decreased the O mobility from 14.6%to 12.8%relative to rWAS alone.Also,the content of saturates in bio-oil increased from 38.5 wt%to 47.2 wt%and the lower heating value(LHV)increased from 6.8 kcal/kg to 8.4 kcal/kg.The heavy metals originally in rWAS were fixed into the pyrolytic residue and the environmental risks are low.This study demonstrates the role and potential of attapulgite in catalytic pyrolysis of rWAS with an added advantage of increased cost-effectiveness.
基金supported by the company’s scientific research project“Study on Prediction Method of Liquid Carrying Capacity of Shale Gas Well with High Liquid-Gas Ratio”(Project No.20220303-05).
文摘Theflow behavior of shale gas horizontal wells is relatively complex,and this should be regarded as the main reason for which conventional pipeflow models are not suitable to describe the related dynamics.In this study,numerical simulations have been conducted to determine the gas-liquid distribution in these wells.In particular,using the measuredflow pressure data related to 97 groups of shale gas wells as a basis,9 distinct pipeflow models have been assessed,and the models displaying a high calculation accuracy for different water-gas ratio(WGR)ranges have been identified.The results show that:(1)The variation law of WGR in gas well satisfies a power function relation.(2)The well structure is the main factor affecting the gas-liquid distribution in the wellbore.(3)The Beggs&Brill,Hagedorn&Brown and Gray models exhibit a high calculation accuracy.
基金Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel(CAPES)by the scholarship of the master’s degree and resources for conducting the research.
文摘The objective of this work was to verify the responses in agronomic and physiological characters of lettuce seedlings when submitted to different doses of humic acids and the presence or absence of inoculation of the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was carried out at the Protected Cultivation Station and Biological Control Teacher Mário César Lopes, belonging to the Experimental Stations Nucleus of the State University of the West of Paraná. The experimental design was a randomized block design, in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with four repetitions, totaling 40 plots. The first factor consisted of five solutions containing humic acid (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0%) and the second factor was the presence or absence of the diazotrophic bacterium Azospirillum brasilense obtained by commercial product. Germination tests were carried out in addition to the determination of agronomic characters such as the number of fully expanded leaves, plant height, stem diameter, main root length, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, and Dickson quality index. The association of diazotrophic bacteria and humic acids did not influence the emergency rate, mean emergence time, mean speed of emergency, emergence speed index, plant height, and root length of lettuce seedlings. The dilutions of humic acids, regardless of inoculation with bacteria diazotrophic favored the development of the number of leaves, stem diameter and Dickson quality index. Inoculation of lettuce seeds with diazotrophic bacteria associated with the addition of humic acids, favored the development of the dry mass of root and total dry matter.
文摘This book is a report that reflects the journey of building a Livable and business-friendly beautiful countryside in Shiyi Village,Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County,Sichuan Province.The work focuses on the reconstruction of Shiyi Village,a Qiang ethnic village in the clouds,after the Wenchuan Earthquake,where efforts were made to develop characteristic agricultural products such as Loquats and ginkgo biLoba,and to innovate and grow tourism with unique Qiang ethnical characteristics,transforming a barren and desolate mountain into a beautiful Qiang village filled with fragrant flowers,sweet fruits,and crowds of tourists.Today,Shiyi Village has developed from a post-earthquake reconstruction village into a nationally recognized village of various ethnic groups,a demonstration village for the Oiang ethnic group's culture,a model village for rural tourism in China,and a nationally civilized village.
