Long associated with industrial smoke and heavy pollution,the chemical industry is undergoing a rapid transition to cleaner production.In the Jintang Economic Development Zone in Chengdu,Sichuan Province,B&M Tech...Long associated with industrial smoke and heavy pollution,the chemical industry is undergoing a rapid transition to cleaner production.In the Jintang Economic Development Zone in Chengdu,Sichuan Province,B&M Tech’s lithium-ion battery materials factory exemplifies this change.展开更多
Since the theoretical potential of urea electrolysis is lower than that of water splitting,urea electrolysis is an ideal method for hydrogen production.In this work,we have synthesized an urchin-like Co-based metal-or...Since the theoretical potential of urea electrolysis is lower than that of water splitting,urea electrolysis is an ideal method for hydrogen production.In this work,we have synthesized an urchin-like Co-based metal-organic framework(Co-MOF)grown on a Co(OH)_(2) template by the gas phase method.As the specific surface area increased and more active sites were exposedcd,the low activity of the bulk MOF for electrocatalytic water splitting was overcome.Through a vulcanization reaction,surface vulcanized Co-MOF(CoS_(x)/Co-MOF)was synthesized.CoS_(x)/Co-MOF as a bifunctional catalyst has good catalytic performance toward the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and urea oxidation reaction(UOR).Compared with the catalytic activity of the OER,the potential of the UOR only needs 1.315 V(vs.RHE),while the potential of the OER needs 1.51 V(vs.RHE)at 10 mA cm^(-2).The catalytic activity in the urea electrolysis of a CoS_(x)/Co-MOF||CoS_(x)/Co-MOF electrolyzer is much better than that in an alkaline electrolyte.The CoS_(x)/Co-MOF||CoS_(x)/Co-MOF electrolyzer only needs a cell voltage of 1.48 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) for a urea electrolytic cell in 1.0 M KOH with 0.5 M urea.展开更多
Living cells are exquisitely tuned to sense and respond to changes in their environment.Repurposing these systems to create engineered biosensors has seen growing interest in the field of synthetic biology and provide...Living cells are exquisitely tuned to sense and respond to changes in their environment.Repurposing these systems to create engineered biosensors has seen growing interest in the field of synthetic biology and provides a foundation for many innovative applications spanning environmental monitoring to improved biobased production.In this review,we present a detailed overview of currently available biosensors and the methods that have supported their development,scale-up,and deployment.We focus on genetic sensors in living cells whose outputs affect gene expression.We find that emerging high-throughput experimental assays and evolutionary approaches combined with advanced bioinformatics and machine learning are establishing pipelines to produce genetic sensors for virtually any small molecule,protein,or nucleic acid.However,more complex sensing tasks based on classifying compositions of many stimuli and the reliable deployment of these systems into real-world settings remain challenges.We suggest that recent advances in our ability to precisely modify nonmodel organisms and the integration of proven control engineering principles(e.g.,feedback)into the broader design of genetic sensing systems will be necessary to overcome these hurdles and realize the immense potential of the field.展开更多
文摘Long associated with industrial smoke and heavy pollution,the chemical industry is undergoing a rapid transition to cleaner production.In the Jintang Economic Development Zone in Chengdu,Sichuan Province,B&M Tech’s lithium-ion battery materials factory exemplifies this change.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51672056)Excellent Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(YQ2019B002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Since the theoretical potential of urea electrolysis is lower than that of water splitting,urea electrolysis is an ideal method for hydrogen production.In this work,we have synthesized an urchin-like Co-based metal-organic framework(Co-MOF)grown on a Co(OH)_(2) template by the gas phase method.As the specific surface area increased and more active sites were exposedcd,the low activity of the bulk MOF for electrocatalytic water splitting was overcome.Through a vulcanization reaction,surface vulcanized Co-MOF(CoS_(x)/Co-MOF)was synthesized.CoS_(x)/Co-MOF as a bifunctional catalyst has good catalytic performance toward the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and urea oxidation reaction(UOR).Compared with the catalytic activity of the OER,the potential of the UOR only needs 1.315 V(vs.RHE),while the potential of the OER needs 1.51 V(vs.RHE)at 10 mA cm^(-2).The catalytic activity in the urea electrolysis of a CoS_(x)/Co-MOF||CoS_(x)/Co-MOF electrolyzer is much better than that in an alkaline electrolyte.The CoS_(x)/Co-MOF||CoS_(x)/Co-MOF electrolyzer only needs a cell voltage of 1.48 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) for a urea electrolytic cell in 1.0 M KOH with 0.5 M urea.
基金S.H.-N.J.was supported by a Dstl-funded PhD StudentshipT.E.G was supported by BrisEngBio,a UKRI-funded Engineering Biology Research Centre grant BB/W013959/1+2 种基金a Turing Fellowship from The Alan Turing Institute under EPSRC grant EP/N510129/1EEBio under EPSRC grant EP/Y014073/1a Royal Society University Research Fellowship grant URF\R\221008.
文摘Living cells are exquisitely tuned to sense and respond to changes in their environment.Repurposing these systems to create engineered biosensors has seen growing interest in the field of synthetic biology and provides a foundation for many innovative applications spanning environmental monitoring to improved biobased production.In this review,we present a detailed overview of currently available biosensors and the methods that have supported their development,scale-up,and deployment.We focus on genetic sensors in living cells whose outputs affect gene expression.We find that emerging high-throughput experimental assays and evolutionary approaches combined with advanced bioinformatics and machine learning are establishing pipelines to produce genetic sensors for virtually any small molecule,protein,or nucleic acid.However,more complex sensing tasks based on classifying compositions of many stimuli and the reliable deployment of these systems into real-world settings remain challenges.We suggest that recent advances in our ability to precisely modify nonmodel organisms and the integration of proven control engineering principles(e.g.,feedback)into the broader design of genetic sensing systems will be necessary to overcome these hurdles and realize the immense potential of the field.
