In the energy industry landscape,thermal power generation stands as a critical energy supply method,and the safety of its construction and operation is paramount.Currently,all stages of the life cycle of construction ...In the energy industry landscape,thermal power generation stands as a critical energy supply method,and the safety of its construction and operation is paramount.Currently,all stages of the life cycle of construction projects have garnered widespread attention.Among these,the infrastructure construction and operation phases of thermal power generation enterprises pose numerous issues worthy of in-depth study in terms of safety production management.This article starts by examining safety production management during these two phases,analyzing characteristics such as management models,legal bases,and responsible entities.It explores the reasons behind these characteristics and elaborates on key management priorities,providing a comprehensive and insightful reference for safety production management in thermal power generation enterprises.展开更多
Modelling based on multi-agent system （MAS） was built for the current production management and process of Shenyang Songyang Paper Cup Co., Ltd. It can transmit the information instantly via order agent （OA）, mana...Modelling based on multi-agent system （MAS） was built for the current production management and process of Shenyang Songyang Paper Cup Co., Ltd. It can transmit the information instantly via order agent （OA）, manager agent （MA）, production agent （PA）, and service agent （SA）, and realize information sharing. The PA is also built on MAS, and it includes two agents, task agent （TA）, and resource agent （RA）. It has been found that the modelling is superior to the old one. It can improve the working flow and production efficiency, and shorten the time of delivery.展开更多
Agile manufacturing is a new production mode. This pa per discusses the four problems of production management in the environment of a gile manufacturing, and some countermeasures are advanced: (1) Organization of pro...Agile manufacturing is a new production mode. This pa per discusses the four problems of production management in the environment of a gile manufacturing, and some countermeasures are advanced: (1) Organization of production. Traditional MTO production or MTS production ca n not meet the requirement of agile manufacturing which request both high produc tivity and the manufacturing flexibility. For this, the paper advances best way is to use the production organization mode of MCP (Mass Customization Production ),and some strategies of MCP are discussed. (2) Production planning. The requirement of agile manufacturing to production pl anning embodies in two facets: synchronization and flexibility. The paper su ggests that the structure and function of MRPII system should be improved in ord er to meet the demand of agile manufacturing. (3) Production control. The problem of production control is how to reduce the u ncertainty of hand over time between enterprises and increase the production syn chronization level. The paper advances some research direction on improving production ability. (4) Quality control. The problems of quality management are how to transfer the information of customer’s quality requirement between different organizations an d how to keep the consistency and stability of quality. Some countermeasures are advanced. In the end of the paper, one case advanced administrates how to utilize the thou ghts of agile manufacturing to upgrade the competition ability.展开更多
Based on safety management appraisal theory, the decision system was divided into 5 function menu module, including system control module, mining coal and the tunneling working surface security evaluation module, the ...Based on safety management appraisal theory, the decision system was divided into 5 function menu module, including system control module, mining coal and the tunneling working surface security evaluation module, the entire ore safety production condition appraisal module, the safety management level appraisal module of main production work area, the withdrawal system module and so on. The system operates through the constitutive procedure, outputs the main operation results by graph and form, and realizes the main function of safety evaluation.展开更多
In recent years, tobacco lean production infrastructure is almost full-fledged through development, and professional service scope expands accordingly. Hence, the developing emphasis has transformed from hardware faci...In recent years, tobacco lean production infrastructure is almost full-fledged through development, and professional service scope expands accordingly. Hence, the developing emphasis has transformed from hardware facilities improvement to software updating of lean management and precise work. With related documents released by China Tobacco and Guizhou Tobacco, the achievement of comprehen- sive lean management probably becomes one of the key goals for the future devel- opment of tobacco business. The construction goal of tobacco leaves lean produc- tion management system is to internalize technology, information, human resources, material and other production elements into value stream of flue-cured tobacco pro- duction, and strict control value stream of input costs and output benefits, and then create management profit, promote enterprise, core competitiveness. The lean pro- duction management is both extension and expansion of modern tobacco agriculture, closely related to agricultural standardization and GAP management, which is based on professional service training and production machinery upgrading, with team management and station working as carriers, and information feedback, key quality monitoring and benefit evaluation as assessment references.展开更多
In order to solve information island problem of offshore oil and gas field production-related information system,including repetitive reporting and input of data,data isolation of central control system,inadequate fol...In order to solve information island problem of offshore oil and gas field production-related information system,including repetitive reporting and input of data,data isolation of central control system,inadequate follow-up analysis and development to support oil and gas field production management,and so on.Therefore,the introduction of MES(Manufacturing Execution System)production execution system in the manufacturing industry and downstream production of offshore oil has become an inevitable choice.This system utilizes the real-time database combined with relational database to collect the scattered structured data,such as the production process real-time data,production management documents and statistical tables of offshore oil and gas production facilities.It establishes a unified data center platform for each operation area and production site,so as to centralize the related production management data at production sites.This system realizes many functions,including the production management support like production report generation as well as presentation and POB,equipment management support like PM optimization,remote configuration and monitoring of production operation,status trend analysis,and production event prediction.The implementation of MES system in offshore oil and gas field production management perfects the overall information system of China National Offshore Oil Corporation more and gradually enhances its comprehensive benefits.展开更多
The article deals with possible approaches to the management of manufacturing organizations. The authors emphasize the need for integration of lean management with eco-innovation. This integration represents a sustain...The article deals with possible approaches to the management of manufacturing organizations. The authors emphasize the need for integration of lean management with eco-innovation. This integration represents a sustainable development so that environmental impacts are reduced, more effective use of natural resources is achieved and production costs are reduced. Manufacturing organizations based on that approach must use so-called pull production control systems. Pull systems are most often presented in production management system--Kanban. This article also deals with specification of these systems and the development of pull strategies in production management in order to increase efficiency of manufacturing enterprise.展开更多
The Three Gorges Hydropower Plant is the one with the largest installed capacity in the world today and has a decisive and important influence upon the security of the national power grids. It has been operated stably...The Three Gorges Hydropower Plant is the one with the largest installed capacity in the world today and has a decisive and important influence upon the security of the national power grids. It has been operated stably and supplied the East China, Central China, South China, Sichuan and Chongqing with clean renewable energy. This paper presents the management of the project’s dispatch, operation and maintenance and puts forward new ideas and new methods for the plant management, which may provide valuable references for the operation of oversized hydropower plants.展开更多
"Safety in production" is a crucial issue that enterprises must deal with. While making efforts to improve efficiency, enterprises should also follow the principle of safety in production first. Production s..."Safety in production" is a crucial issue that enterprises must deal with. While making efforts to improve efficiency, enterprises should also follow the principle of safety in production first. Production safety is related to the safety of peoples lives and property, as well as the long-term overall situation of national reform and development and stable economic and social development. Doing a good job in production safety management is of practical importance to consolidating social stability and creating an important social and stable political environment for Chinas socialist economic construction and development. Based on this, this paper will deeply discuss the present situation and problems of enterprise safety management, and provide some countermeasures.展开更多
An integrated production planning and control model based on MRPⅡand JIT is put forward through analyzing the characteristics of magnetic materials manufacturing companies. Master Production Schedule with limited cap...An integrated production planning and control model based on MRPⅡand JIT is put forward through analyzing the characteristics of magnetic materials manufacturing companies. Master Production Schedule with limited capacity and operational plan in workshop level based on the basic data of flow chart are formulated by this model which applied JIT idea and based on customer order demand. Push production is adapted during execution phase combined with process flow cards. The model is helpful to reduce inventory,keep certain flexbility of production and improve continuity and equilibrium of manufacturing process.展开更多
The construction of water conservancy projects is an important measure to integrate mountains, fields, lakes and grass to promote the coordinated development of economy and society. It is also an inevitable requiremen...The construction of water conservancy projects is an important measure to integrate mountains, fields, lakes and grass to promote the coordinated development of economy and society. It is also an inevitable requirement to implement the construction of ecological civilization, promote the construction of a well-off society and ensure the flood control safety of river basins. Safe production is an important guarantee and inevitable requirement to realize economic development and social stability, as well as the fundamental condition to create a harmonious society. There are many safety production problems in water conservancy project construction, which are faced with poor working conditions and extremely complex construction environment. It is very important to effectively solve the safety production problems in water conservancy project construction.展开更多
This study investigated three different types of multispectral imaging systems for airborne remote sensing to support management in agricultural application and production.The three systems have been used in agricultu...This study investigated three different types of multispectral imaging systems for airborne remote sensing to support management in agricultural application and production.The three systems have been used in agricultural studies.They range from low-cost to relatively high-cost,manually operated to automated,multispectral composite imaging with a single camera and integrated imaging with custom-mounting of separate cameras.Practical issues regarding use of the imaging systems were described and discussed.The low-cost system,due to band saturation,slow imaging speed and poor image quality,is more preferable to slower moving platforms that can fly close to the ground,such as unmanned autonomous helicopters,but not recommended for low or high altitude aerial remote sensing on fixed-wing aircraft.With the restriction on payload unmanned autonomous helicopters are not recommended for high-cost systems because they are typically heavy and difficult to mount.The system with intermediate cost works well for low altitude aerial remote sensing on fixed-wing aircraft with field shapefile-based global positioning triggering.This system also works well for high altitude aerial remote sensing on fixed-wing aircraft with global positioning triggering or manually operated.The custom-built system is recommended for high altitude aerial remote sensing on fixed-wing aircraft with waypoint global positioning triggering or manually operated.展开更多
Precision agriculture accounts for within-field variability for targeted treatment rather than uniform treatment of an entire field.It is built on agricultural mechanization and state-of-the-art technologies of geogra...Precision agriculture accounts for within-field variability for targeted treatment rather than uniform treatment of an entire field.It is built on agricultural mechanization and state-of-the-art technologies of geographical information systems(GIS),global positioning systems(GPS)and remote sensing,and is used to monitor soil,crop growth,weed infestation,insects,diseases,and water status in farm fields to provide data and information to guide agricultural management practices.Precision agriculture began with mapping of crop fields at different scales to support agricultural planning and decision making.With the development of variable-rate technology,precision agriculture focuses more on tactical actions in controlling variable-rate seeding,fertilizer and pesticide application,and irrigation in real-time or within the crop season instead of mapping a field in one crop season to make decisions for the next crop season.With the development of aerial variable-rate systems,low-altitude airborne systems can provide high-resolution data for prescription variable-rate operations.Airborne systems for multispectral imaging using a number of imaging sensors(cameras)were developed.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)provide a unique platform for remote sensing of crop fields at slow speeds and low-altitudes,and they are efficient and more flexible than manned agricultural airplanes,which often cannot provide images at both low altitude and low speed for capture of high-quality images.UAVs are also more universal in their applicability than agricultural aircraft since the latter are used only in specific regions.This study presents the low-altitude remote sensing systems developed for detection of crop stress caused by multiple factors.UAVs,as a special platform,were discussed for crop sensing based on the researchers'studies.展开更多
Safety production archives are the true records of safety and health management in the production, operation and management activities of enterprises. Safety and production are closely linked. Without safety, producti...Safety production archives are the true records of safety and health management in the production, operation and management activities of enterprises. Safety and production are closely linked. Without safety, production cannot proceed smoothly. Ensuring safety in the production process is the premise. Complete, accurate and standardized safety production archives can accurately reflect the actual situation of enterprises in implementing national laws and regulations and the production and operation process. Safety production archives can also assist enterprises in building safety production management system, supervise production status, and effectively ensure production safety of enterprises.展开更多
The author uses system analysis to provide system thinkings of the deepening reform of the management of defence science, technology and industry (DSTI) and investigate the system definition of DSTI, the system reform...The author uses system analysis to provide system thinkings of the deepening reform of the management of defence science, technology and industry (DSTI) and investigate the system definition of DSTI, the system reform target, system operational mechanism, institutional structure, coordination and control functions and the orientation of conversion in China.展开更多
On the basis of PDM(product data management) definition and its connotation, the factors to ensure implementation success are analyzed. The definition phase, analysis phase, design phase, build and test phase, and pos...On the basis of PDM(product data management) definition and its connotation, the factors to ensure implementation success are analyzed. The definition phase, analysis phase, design phase, build and test phase, and post production phase during PDM implementation are described. The implementation is divided into ten processes, which consist of the above different phases. The relationships between phases and processes are illustrated. Finally, a workflow is proposed to guide the implementing at a fixed price.展开更多
The basic frame and the design idea of J2EE-based Product Data Management (PDM) system are presented. This paper adopts the technology of Object-Oriented to realize the database design and builds the information model...The basic frame and the design idea of J2EE-based Product Data Management (PDM) system are presented. This paper adopts the technology of Object-Oriented to realize the database design and builds the information model of this PDM system. The integration key technology of PDM and CAD systems are discussed, the isomerous interface characteristics between CAD and PDM systems are analyzed, and finally, the integration mode of the PDM and CAD systems is given. Using these technologies, the integration of PDM and CAD systems is realized and the consistence of data in PDM and CAD systems is kept. Finally, the Product Data Management system is developed, which has been tested on development process of the hydraulic generator. The running process is stable and safety.展开更多
Based on the key function of version management in PDM system, this paper discusses the function and the realization of version management and the transitions of version states with a workflow. A directed aeyclic grap...Based on the key function of version management in PDM system, this paper discusses the function and the realization of version management and the transitions of version states with a workflow. A directed aeyclic graph is used to describe a version model. Three storage modes of the directed acyelic graph version model in the database, the bumping block and the PDM working memory are presented and the conversion principle of these three modes is given. The study indicates that building a dynamic product structure configuration model based on versions is the key to resolve the problem. Thus a version model of single product object is built. Then the version management model in product structure configuration is built and the application of version management of PDM syster is presented as a case.展开更多
文摘In the energy industry landscape,thermal power generation stands as a critical energy supply method,and the safety of its construction and operation is paramount.Currently,all stages of the life cycle of construction projects have garnered widespread attention.Among these,the infrastructure construction and operation phases of thermal power generation enterprises pose numerous issues worthy of in-depth study in terms of safety production management.This article starts by examining safety production management during these two phases,analyzing characteristics such as management models,legal bases,and responsible entities.It explores the reasons behind these characteristics and elaborates on key management priorities,providing a comprehensive and insightful reference for safety production management in thermal power generation enterprises.
文摘Modelling based on multi-agent system （MAS） was built for the current production management and process of Shenyang Songyang Paper Cup Co., Ltd. It can transmit the information instantly via order agent （OA）, manager agent （MA）, production agent （PA）, and service agent （SA）, and realize information sharing. The PA is also built on MAS, and it includes two agents, task agent （TA）, and resource agent （RA）. It has been found that the modelling is superior to the old one. It can improve the working flow and production efficiency, and shorten the time of delivery.
文摘Agile manufacturing is a new production mode. This pa per discusses the four problems of production management in the environment of a gile manufacturing, and some countermeasures are advanced: (1) Organization of production. Traditional MTO production or MTS production ca n not meet the requirement of agile manufacturing which request both high produc tivity and the manufacturing flexibility. For this, the paper advances best way is to use the production organization mode of MCP (Mass Customization Production ),and some strategies of MCP are discussed. (2) Production planning. The requirement of agile manufacturing to production pl anning embodies in two facets: synchronization and flexibility. The paper su ggests that the structure and function of MRPII system should be improved in ord er to meet the demand of agile manufacturing. (3) Production control. The problem of production control is how to reduce the u ncertainty of hand over time between enterprises and increase the production syn chronization level. The paper advances some research direction on improving production ability. (4) Quality control. The problems of quality management are how to transfer the information of customer’s quality requirement between different organizations an d how to keep the consistency and stability of quality. Some countermeasures are advanced. In the end of the paper, one case advanced administrates how to utilize the thou ghts of agile manufacturing to upgrade the competition ability.
文摘Based on safety management appraisal theory, the decision system was divided into 5 function menu module, including system control module, mining coal and the tunneling working surface security evaluation module, the entire ore safety production condition appraisal module, the safety management level appraisal module of main production work area, the withdrawal system module and so on. The system operates through the constitutive procedure, outputs the main operation results by graph and form, and realizes the main function of safety evaluation.
文摘In recent years, tobacco lean production infrastructure is almost full-fledged through development, and professional service scope expands accordingly. Hence, the developing emphasis has transformed from hardware facilities improvement to software updating of lean management and precise work. With related documents released by China Tobacco and Guizhou Tobacco, the achievement of comprehen- sive lean management probably becomes one of the key goals for the future devel- opment of tobacco business. The construction goal of tobacco leaves lean produc- tion management system is to internalize technology, information, human resources, material and other production elements into value stream of flue-cured tobacco pro- duction, and strict control value stream of input costs and output benefits, and then create management profit, promote enterprise, core competitiveness. The lean pro- duction management is both extension and expansion of modern tobacco agriculture, closely related to agricultural standardization and GAP management, which is based on professional service training and production machinery upgrading, with team management and station working as carriers, and information feedback, key quality monitoring and benefit evaluation as assessment references.
文摘In order to solve information island problem of offshore oil and gas field production-related information system,including repetitive reporting and input of data,data isolation of central control system,inadequate follow-up analysis and development to support oil and gas field production management,and so on.Therefore,the introduction of MES(Manufacturing Execution System)production execution system in the manufacturing industry and downstream production of offshore oil has become an inevitable choice.This system utilizes the real-time database combined with relational database to collect the scattered structured data,such as the production process real-time data,production management documents and statistical tables of offshore oil and gas production facilities.It establishes a unified data center platform for each operation area and production site,so as to centralize the related production management data at production sites.This system realizes many functions,including the production management support like production report generation as well as presentation and POB,equipment management support like PM optimization,remote configuration and monitoring of production operation,status trend analysis,and production event prediction.The implementation of MES system in offshore oil and gas field production management perfects the overall information system of China National Offshore Oil Corporation more and gradually enhances its comprehensive benefits.
文摘The article deals with possible approaches to the management of manufacturing organizations. The authors emphasize the need for integration of lean management with eco-innovation. This integration represents a sustainable development so that environmental impacts are reduced, more effective use of natural resources is achieved and production costs are reduced. Manufacturing organizations based on that approach must use so-called pull production control systems. Pull systems are most often presented in production management system--Kanban. This article also deals with specification of these systems and the development of pull strategies in production management in order to increase efficiency of manufacturing enterprise.
文摘The Three Gorges Hydropower Plant is the one with the largest installed capacity in the world today and has a decisive and important influence upon the security of the national power grids. It has been operated stably and supplied the East China, Central China, South China, Sichuan and Chongqing with clean renewable energy. This paper presents the management of the project’s dispatch, operation and maintenance and puts forward new ideas and new methods for the plant management, which may provide valuable references for the operation of oversized hydropower plants.
文摘"Safety in production" is a crucial issue that enterprises must deal with. While making efforts to improve efficiency, enterprises should also follow the principle of safety in production first. Production safety is related to the safety of peoples lives and property, as well as the long-term overall situation of national reform and development and stable economic and social development. Doing a good job in production safety management is of practical importance to consolidating social stability and creating an important social and stable political environment for Chinas socialist economic construction and development. Based on this, this paper will deeply discuss the present situation and problems of enterprise safety management, and provide some countermeasures.
基金supported by Ministry of Education Social Science and Humanities Fund(12YJA630187)SHANNXI Social Science Fund(10Q067)High Education Research Fund of Northwestern Polytechnical University(2014)
文摘An integrated production planning and control model based on MRPⅡand JIT is put forward through analyzing the characteristics of magnetic materials manufacturing companies. Master Production Schedule with limited capacity and operational plan in workshop level based on the basic data of flow chart are formulated by this model which applied JIT idea and based on customer order demand. Push production is adapted during execution phase combined with process flow cards. The model is helpful to reduce inventory,keep certain flexbility of production and improve continuity and equilibrium of manufacturing process.
文摘The construction of water conservancy projects is an important measure to integrate mountains, fields, lakes and grass to promote the coordinated development of economy and society. It is also an inevitable requirement to implement the construction of ecological civilization, promote the construction of a well-off society and ensure the flood control safety of river basins. Safe production is an important guarantee and inevitable requirement to realize economic development and social stability, as well as the fundamental condition to create a harmonious society. There are many safety production problems in water conservancy project construction, which are faced with poor working conditions and extremely complex construction environment. It is very important to effectively solve the safety production problems in water conservancy project construction.
文摘This study investigated three different types of multispectral imaging systems for airborne remote sensing to support management in agricultural application and production.The three systems have been used in agricultural studies.They range from low-cost to relatively high-cost,manually operated to automated,multispectral composite imaging with a single camera and integrated imaging with custom-mounting of separate cameras.Practical issues regarding use of the imaging systems were described and discussed.The low-cost system,due to band saturation,slow imaging speed and poor image quality,is more preferable to slower moving platforms that can fly close to the ground,such as unmanned autonomous helicopters,but not recommended for low or high altitude aerial remote sensing on fixed-wing aircraft.With the restriction on payload unmanned autonomous helicopters are not recommended for high-cost systems because they are typically heavy and difficult to mount.The system with intermediate cost works well for low altitude aerial remote sensing on fixed-wing aircraft with field shapefile-based global positioning triggering.This system also works well for high altitude aerial remote sensing on fixed-wing aircraft with global positioning triggering or manually operated.The custom-built system is recommended for high altitude aerial remote sensing on fixed-wing aircraft with waypoint global positioning triggering or manually operated.
文摘Precision agriculture accounts for within-field variability for targeted treatment rather than uniform treatment of an entire field.It is built on agricultural mechanization and state-of-the-art technologies of geographical information systems(GIS),global positioning systems(GPS)and remote sensing,and is used to monitor soil,crop growth,weed infestation,insects,diseases,and water status in farm fields to provide data and information to guide agricultural management practices.Precision agriculture began with mapping of crop fields at different scales to support agricultural planning and decision making.With the development of variable-rate technology,precision agriculture focuses more on tactical actions in controlling variable-rate seeding,fertilizer and pesticide application,and irrigation in real-time or within the crop season instead of mapping a field in one crop season to make decisions for the next crop season.With the development of aerial variable-rate systems,low-altitude airborne systems can provide high-resolution data for prescription variable-rate operations.Airborne systems for multispectral imaging using a number of imaging sensors(cameras)were developed.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)provide a unique platform for remote sensing of crop fields at slow speeds and low-altitudes,and they are efficient and more flexible than manned agricultural airplanes,which often cannot provide images at both low altitude and low speed for capture of high-quality images.UAVs are also more universal in their applicability than agricultural aircraft since the latter are used only in specific regions.This study presents the low-altitude remote sensing systems developed for detection of crop stress caused by multiple factors.UAVs,as a special platform,were discussed for crop sensing based on the researchers'studies.
文摘Safety production archives are the true records of safety and health management in the production, operation and management activities of enterprises. Safety and production are closely linked. Without safety, production cannot proceed smoothly. Ensuring safety in the production process is the premise. Complete, accurate and standardized safety production archives can accurately reflect the actual situation of enterprises in implementing national laws and regulations and the production and operation process. Safety production archives can also assist enterprises in building safety production management system, supervise production status, and effectively ensure production safety of enterprises.
文摘The author uses system analysis to provide system thinkings of the deepening reform of the management of defence science, technology and industry (DSTI) and investigate the system definition of DSTI, the system reform target, system operational mechanism, institutional structure, coordination and control functions and the orientation of conversion in China.
文摘On the basis of PDM(product data management) definition and its connotation, the factors to ensure implementation success are analyzed. The definition phase, analysis phase, design phase, build and test phase, and post production phase during PDM implementation are described. The implementation is divided into ten processes, which consist of the above different phases. The relationships between phases and processes are illustrated. Finally, a workflow is proposed to guide the implementing at a fixed price.
基金Sponsored by Scientific Technology Development Project of Heilongjiang (Grant No.WH05A01) and Scientific Research Foundation of Harbin Institute of Technology(Grant No.HIT.MD2003.21).
文摘The basic frame and the design idea of J2EE-based Product Data Management (PDM) system are presented. This paper adopts the technology of Object-Oriented to realize the database design and builds the information model of this PDM system. The integration key technology of PDM and CAD systems are discussed, the isomerous interface characteristics between CAD and PDM systems are analyzed, and finally, the integration mode of the PDM and CAD systems is given. Using these technologies, the integration of PDM and CAD systems is realized and the consistence of data in PDM and CAD systems is kept. Finally, the Product Data Management system is developed, which has been tested on development process of the hydraulic generator. The running process is stable and safety.
基金the Scientific Technology Development Project of Heilongjiang(Grant No.WH05A01 and GB05A103)Scientific Technology Development Project of Harbin
文摘Based on the key function of version management in PDM system, this paper discusses the function and the realization of version management and the transitions of version states with a workflow. A directed aeyclic graph is used to describe a version model. Three storage modes of the directed acyelic graph version model in the database, the bumping block and the PDM working memory are presented and the conversion principle of these three modes is given. The study indicates that building a dynamic product structure configuration model based on versions is the key to resolve the problem. Thus a version model of single product object is built. Then the version management model in product structure configuration is built and the application of version management of PDM syster is presented as a case.
