With the rapid growth of China＇s economy, rising demand for safety food has been accompanied by frequent food safety scandals. Given that China＇s farming is dominated by millions of small-scale farms, ensuring food ...With the rapid growth of China＇s economy, rising demand for safety food has been accompanied by frequent food safety scandals. Given that China＇s farming is dominated by millions of small-scale farms, ensuring food safety is a major challenge facing the public and private sectors. The direct farm （DF） program, initiated in 2008, represents one of the government＇s major initiatives to modernize the distribution of fresh fruit and vegetables （FFV） and improve food safety. Under the DF program, participating national and international retailers are expected to establish more direct procurement relationships with farm communities. While it is often claimed that greater participation by retailers in the production and post-harvest processing implied the DF program will lead to improved quality, safety and traceability, systematic evidence remains elu- sive as existing studies are largely narrative, based on case studies, or theoretical inference. Little empirical evidence is available for a broader evaluation of the DF program. This paper aims to fill this gap by assessing the overall performance of a single retailer＇s DF experience with respect to the procurement and food safety of FFV. We use data from a survey of production managers of 35 DF production bases （PBs） spread across 11 provinces, 3 cities and 1 autonomous region in China. The results show a mixture of opportunities and challenges. On one hand, the DF program improves production practices and distribution channels of FFV produced on its PBs, thus facilitating the move of China＇s food system towards improved food safety compliance. On the other hand, significant heterogeneity in the traceability of food and the ability of DF to meet higher safety standards is evident both across major product categories and across household-operated vs. firm-operated PBs. The paper concludes with policy implications.展开更多
According to information from the relevant administrative department of China’s shoe-making industry, through development in the past decade in China’s shoe-making industry, the most developed cities for light indus...According to information from the relevant administrative department of China’s shoe-making industry, through development in the past decade in China’s shoe-making industry, the most developed cities for light industry, Shanghai and Tianjin, are no longer its major production bases, while in cities as Quanzhou, Wenzhou and Huidong, the shoe-making industry has witnessed more rapid development through the introduction of shoe-making equipment展开更多
Sino magnetics technology is a high-tech enterprise specializing in R&D and production of rare earth permanent magnet materials.It is reported that the enterprise has accelerated the construction of annual3000 ton...Sino magnetics technology is a high-tech enterprise specializing in R&D and production of rare earth permanent magnet materials.It is reported that the enterprise has accelerated the construction of annual3000 tons of high performance sintered NdFeB production base,and the construction of the base has been completed and put into use.展开更多
On November 13,the reporter learned from relevant municipal departments that after 9years of development,Ningde City has become the world’s largest polymer lithium-ion battery production base with its products suppli...On November 13,the reporter learned from relevant municipal departments that after 9years of development,Ningde City has become the world’s largest polymer lithium-ion battery production base with its products supplied to well-known brands such as Apple,Huawei,Xiaomi,OPPO and Meizu.Since the establishment of Amperex Technology Limited(ATL)in March 2008,Ningde has seen an explosive growth in展开更多
High intellectual, high flexible automatic manufacturing system based on low volume production is the trend in the future, but the traditional control charts whose control limits are based on at least 20～25 subgroups...High intellectual, high flexible automatic manufacturing system based on low volume production is the trend in the future, but the traditional control charts whose control limits are based on at least 20～25 subgroups of five observations each are not suitable in this environment. The paper presents variance control chart used in small batch production in which there are not sufficient observations. The control limits are set reliably without restriction of the number of samples.展开更多
Bhutan is a small landlocked country located in the eastern Himalayas. Over 69% of the population is engaged in agriculture. Rice, maize, wheat, barley, buckwheat and millets are the major cereal crops cultivated. Ric...Bhutan is a small landlocked country located in the eastern Himalayas. Over 69% of the population is engaged in agriculture. Rice, maize, wheat, barley, buckwheat and millets are the major cereal crops cultivated. Rice is the most preferred food crop of the Bhutanese. Maize is a primary food crop after rice and it ranks first among food crops in production. The cultivation ranges from less than 300 m asl （metres above sea level） nearly up to 2,800 m asl. In 2007, a new, extremely serious problem of GLS （gray leaf spot） in maize that was previously never reported in Bhutan was confirmed. This disease spread rapidly in the highland maize growing areas causing production losses of over 50% to 70%. All the maize varieties cultivated in the country were found to be highly susceptible to the disease. In order to contain this devastating disease, the national maize program drew short and long term strategies with the help of a CIMMYT Expert. As an immediate short term action to contain GLS, systemic fungicide Tilt 25 EC （active ingredient propiconazole） was supplied free of cost to the farmers. A longer term strategy pursued was the introduction, e＇valuation and selection of GLS tolerant genotypes for the highland ecosystem. Over 100 GLS tolerant genotypes vcere introduced from CIMMYT Colombia, Mexico, Zimbabwe and Nepal. These materials were initially evaluated in a disease hotspot sites and then further tested in multi-location trials in GLS affected areas across the country. Farmers were engaged for Participatory Variety Selection by organizing farmer＇s field days at the trial sites. Finally, in 2011 considering the need of GLS tolerant varieties for farmers, two GLS tolerant genotypes ICAV305 and S03TLYQAB05 were provisionally released. In the 2011 season, these two provisionally released genotypes were put under large scale demonstration in the GLS affected areas in nine districts across the country. In 2012, the two genotypes were formally released by the Technology Release Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forest. Rapid seed increase of the new varieties was initiated through farmers from Community Based Seed Production groups and so far 75% seed replacement of GLS affected farmers has been accomplished.展开更多
Unextendible product bases(UPBs)are interesting members of a family of orthogonal product bases.Here,we investigate the construction of 3-qudit UPBs with strong nonlocality.First,a UPB set in C^(3)■C^(3)■C^(3)of siz...Unextendible product bases(UPBs)are interesting members of a family of orthogonal product bases.Here,we investigate the construction of 3-qudit UPBs with strong nonlocality.First,a UPB set in C^(3)■C^(3)■C^(3)of size 19 is presented based on the shift UPBs.By mapping the system to a Rubik’s cube,we provide a general method of constructing UPBs in C^(d)■C^(d)■C^(d)of size(d-1)^(3)+2d+5,whose corresponding Rubik’s cube is composed of four parts.Second,for the more general case where the dimensions of parties are different,we extend the classical tile structure to the 3-qudit system and propose the tri-tile structure.By means of this structure,a C^(4)■C^(4)■C^(5)system of size 38 is obtained based on a C^(3)■C^(3)■C^(4)system of size 19.Then,we generalize this approach to the C^(d1)■C^(d2)■C^(d3)system which also consists of four parts.Our research provides a positive answer to the open question raised in by Halder et al.[Phys.Rev.Lett.122040403(2019)],indicating that there do exist UPBs that can exhibit strong quantum nonlocality without entanglement.展开更多
Vocational colleges are to train technical and skilled personnel for the country. Students professional practical ability is the key to measure the quality of talent training. However, students practical skills do not...Vocational colleges are to train technical and skilled personnel for the country. Students professional practical ability is the key to measure the quality of talent training. However, students practical skills do not match the requirements of vocational job skills, and the teaching content does not match the development direction of enterprise technology, resulting in the low adaptability of talent training. Therefore, the railway power supply technology, professional, relying on the railway bureau and engineering bureau to carry out school-enterprise cooperation, for the reform of practice teaching system research, built the provincial productive training base 1 individual, joint development leaf work manual materials, hire part-time teachers to participate in the students training, thus improve the quality of talent training, improve the practice teaching conditions, increase the social service ability.展开更多
Irrigation water management has significant economic implications in developing countries like Malaysia. As in many countries, Malaysia is also espousing internet as a platform of new possibilities for information acc...Irrigation water management has significant economic implications in developing countries like Malaysia. As in many countries, Malaysia is also espousing internet as a platform of new possibilities for information access and sharing. Thus web based decision tools are pertinent in managing water, which is becoming a source of conflict between domestic, industry and agricultural use in this emerging technological and information age. Decision Support System （DSS） created in the past was theoretically acceptable but practically not effective in the transfer of scientific knowledge from research labs to the end-users to support them in decision making. The Web Based Paddy Irrigation Productivity Assessment （WebPIPA） is an example of DSS created to provide an effective conduit for the transfer of scientific knowledge from research labs to the end-users to support them in decision making. WebPIPA serves as an innovative, user friendly and efficient management tool for run-of-river rice irrigation system. It is a web based program that requires users to login through user name and password WebPIPA is developed using Net framework and ASP. Net Programming Languages of Microsoft. Net 2003 environment. A 3-tier architecture framework was carefully studied and was implemented to create the WebP1PA model. Mathematical model developed for aiding irrigation decisions must be oriented towards addressing various issues in addition to the scientific ones for better acceptability. All government and private agencies, researchers, station users, farmers, investors and buyers related to this study area will be able to access and share the database through the internet. By strengthening the involvement of government departments, the database can be very effectively used by all stakeholders at the same time narrowing the gap between the urban and rural communities in the development of country.展开更多
Bipolar membrane electrodialysis(BMED)is considered a state-of-the-art technology for the conversion of salts into acids and bases.However,the low concentration of base generated from a traditional BMED process may li...Bipolar membrane electrodialysis(BMED)is considered a state-of-the-art technology for the conversion of salts into acids and bases.However,the low concentration of base generated from a traditional BMED process may limit the viability of this technology for a large-scale application.Herein,we report an especially designed multistage-batch(two/three-stage-batch)BMED process to increase the base concentration by adjusting different volume ratios in the acid(Vacid),base(Vbase),and salt compartments(Vsalt).The findings indicated that performance of the two-stage-batch with a volume ratio of Vacid:Vbase:Vsalt=1:1:5 was superior in comparison to the threestage-batch with a volume ratio of Vacid:Vbase:Vsalt=1:1:2.Besides,the base concentration could be further increased by exchanging the acid produced in the acid compartment with fresh water in the second stage-batch process.With the two-stage-batch BMED,the maximum concentration of the base can be obtained up to 3.40 mol∙L^(-1),which was higher than the most reported base production by BMED.The low energy consumption and high current efficiency further authenticate that the designed process is reliable,cost-effective,and more productive to convert saline water into valuable industrial commodities.展开更多
The dot product of bases vectors on the super-surface of constraints of the nonlinear non-holonomic space and Mesherskii equations may act as the equations of fundamental dynamics of mechanical system for the variable...The dot product of bases vectors on the super-surface of constraints of the nonlinear non-holonomic space and Mesherskii equations may act as the equations of fundamental dynamics of mechanical system for the variable mass.These are very simple and convenient for computation.From these known equations,the equations of Chaplygin,Nielson,Appell,Mac-Millan et al.are deriv d;it is unnecessary to introduce the definition if Appell-Chetaev or Niu Qinping for the virtual displacement.These are compatible with the D'Alembert-Lagrange's principle.展开更多
Utilize small size of bolti and sardine fish in preparing fish based weaning foods rich in protein, essential amino acids, fat high in omega 3 fatty acids, minerals and vitamins was investigated. The proximate composi...Utilize small size of bolti and sardine fish in preparing fish based weaning foods rich in protein, essential amino acids, fat high in omega 3 fatty acids, minerals and vitamins was investigated. The proximate composition, nutritional value, physical and sensorial properties were evaluated, The results of the chemical composition showed that the moisture content of fish based weaning food purees ranged from 67.73% to 72.05%. On dry weight basis, the five prepared formulations considered rich in protein (37.39%<span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">44.86%), fat (26.55%</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">30.43%), ash (6.53%</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">12.23%) and low in carbohydrates (20.70%</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">22.18%). Using fish bones with muscles in preparing weaning food puree caused a marked rise in its content of Ca, P, Fe, and Zn levels especially in purees formulated from bolti. Weaning food purees containing sardine fish rich, in fat, were higher in vitamin A and D than those formulated from bolti one. Palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), and myristic acid (C14:0) represented the major saturated fatty acids in the prepared formulations. Weaning food purees containing sardine fish had relatively higher levels of sulfur</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">containing amino acids and slight lower values of lysine, alanine and glycine than these including bolti fish. The In vitro protein digestibility index (IVPDI) of the different formulations was found to be 100%. The visual colour of such products can be described as yellowish. Except hardness, the other texture characteristics;cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness of the weaning food purees did not significantly change. The children</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> mothers accepted the appearance, flavor</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and mouth feel of all weaning food purees prepared in this study.</span>展开更多
A method to synthesize formant targeted sounds based on speech production model and Reflection-Type Line Analog (RTLA) articulatory synthesis model is presented. The synthesis model is implemented with scattering pro...A method to synthesize formant targeted sounds based on speech production model and Reflection-Type Line Analog (RTLA) articulatory synthesis model is presented. The synthesis model is implemented with scattering process derived from a RTLA of vocal tract system according to the acoustic mechanism of speech production. The vocal-tract area function which controls the synthesis model is derived from the first three formant trajectories by using the inverse solution of speech production. The proposed method not only gives good naturalness and dynamic smoothness, but also is capable to control or modify speech timbres easily and flexibly. Further and mores it needs less number of control parameters and very low update rate of the parameters.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71333013)a grant from the Regents of the University of California at Davis, USA (201122072)
文摘With the rapid growth of China＇s economy, rising demand for safety food has been accompanied by frequent food safety scandals. Given that China＇s farming is dominated by millions of small-scale farms, ensuring food safety is a major challenge facing the public and private sectors. The direct farm （DF） program, initiated in 2008, represents one of the government＇s major initiatives to modernize the distribution of fresh fruit and vegetables （FFV） and improve food safety. Under the DF program, participating national and international retailers are expected to establish more direct procurement relationships with farm communities. While it is often claimed that greater participation by retailers in the production and post-harvest processing implied the DF program will lead to improved quality, safety and traceability, systematic evidence remains elu- sive as existing studies are largely narrative, based on case studies, or theoretical inference. Little empirical evidence is available for a broader evaluation of the DF program. This paper aims to fill this gap by assessing the overall performance of a single retailer＇s DF experience with respect to the procurement and food safety of FFV. We use data from a survey of production managers of 35 DF production bases （PBs） spread across 11 provinces, 3 cities and 1 autonomous region in China. The results show a mixture of opportunities and challenges. On one hand, the DF program improves production practices and distribution channels of FFV produced on its PBs, thus facilitating the move of China＇s food system towards improved food safety compliance. On the other hand, significant heterogeneity in the traceability of food and the ability of DF to meet higher safety standards is evident both across major product categories and across household-operated vs. firm-operated PBs. The paper concludes with policy implications.
文摘According to information from the relevant administrative department of China’s shoe-making industry, through development in the past decade in China’s shoe-making industry, the most developed cities for light industry, Shanghai and Tianjin, are no longer its major production bases, while in cities as Quanzhou, Wenzhou and Huidong, the shoe-making industry has witnessed more rapid development through the introduction of shoe-making equipment
文摘Sino magnetics technology is a high-tech enterprise specializing in R&D and production of rare earth permanent magnet materials.It is reported that the enterprise has accelerated the construction of annual3000 tons of high performance sintered NdFeB production base,and the construction of the base has been completed and put into use.
文摘On November 13,the reporter learned from relevant municipal departments that after 9years of development,Ningde City has become the world’s largest polymer lithium-ion battery production base with its products supplied to well-known brands such as Apple,Huawei,Xiaomi,OPPO and Meizu.Since the establishment of Amperex Technology Limited(ATL)in March 2008,Ningde has seen an explosive growth in
文摘High intellectual, high flexible automatic manufacturing system based on low volume production is the trend in the future, but the traditional control charts whose control limits are based on at least 20～25 subgroups of five observations each are not suitable in this environment. The paper presents variance control chart used in small batch production in which there are not sufficient observations. The control limits are set reliably without restriction of the number of samples.
文摘Bhutan is a small landlocked country located in the eastern Himalayas. Over 69% of the population is engaged in agriculture. Rice, maize, wheat, barley, buckwheat and millets are the major cereal crops cultivated. Rice is the most preferred food crop of the Bhutanese. Maize is a primary food crop after rice and it ranks first among food crops in production. The cultivation ranges from less than 300 m asl （metres above sea level） nearly up to 2,800 m asl. In 2007, a new, extremely serious problem of GLS （gray leaf spot） in maize that was previously never reported in Bhutan was confirmed. This disease spread rapidly in the highland maize growing areas causing production losses of over 50% to 70%. All the maize varieties cultivated in the country were found to be highly susceptible to the disease. In order to contain this devastating disease, the national maize program drew short and long term strategies with the help of a CIMMYT Expert. As an immediate short term action to contain GLS, systemic fungicide Tilt 25 EC （active ingredient propiconazole） was supplied free of cost to the farmers. A longer term strategy pursued was the introduction, e＇valuation and selection of GLS tolerant genotypes for the highland ecosystem. Over 100 GLS tolerant genotypes vcere introduced from CIMMYT Colombia, Mexico, Zimbabwe and Nepal. These materials were initially evaluated in a disease hotspot sites and then further tested in multi-location trials in GLS affected areas across the country. Farmers were engaged for Participatory Variety Selection by organizing farmer＇s field days at the trial sites. Finally, in 2011 considering the need of GLS tolerant varieties for farmers, two GLS tolerant genotypes ICAV305 and S03TLYQAB05 were provisionally released. In the 2011 season, these two provisionally released genotypes were put under large scale demonstration in the GLS affected areas in nine districts across the country. In 2012, the two genotypes were formally released by the Technology Release Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forest. Rapid seed increase of the new varieties was initiated through farmers from Community Based Seed Production groups and so far 75% seed replacement of GLS affected farmers has been accomplished.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB1805405)the 111 Project(Grant No.B21049)+1 种基金the Foundation of Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Big Data(Grant No.2019BDKFJJ014)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.2019XD-A02 and 2020RC38)。
文摘Unextendible product bases(UPBs)are interesting members of a family of orthogonal product bases.Here,we investigate the construction of 3-qudit UPBs with strong nonlocality.First,a UPB set in C^(3)■C^(3)■C^(3)of size 19 is presented based on the shift UPBs.By mapping the system to a Rubik’s cube,we provide a general method of constructing UPBs in C^(d)■C^(d)■C^(d)of size(d-1)^(3)+2d+5,whose corresponding Rubik’s cube is composed of four parts.Second,for the more general case where the dimensions of parties are different,we extend the classical tile structure to the 3-qudit system and propose the tri-tile structure.By means of this structure,a C^(4)■C^(4)■C^(5)system of size 38 is obtained based on a C^(3)■C^(3)■C^(4)system of size 19.Then,we generalize this approach to the C^(d1)■C^(d2)■C^(d3)system which also consists of four parts.Our research provides a positive answer to the open question raised in by Halder et al.[Phys.Rev.Lett.122040403(2019)],indicating that there do exist UPBs that can exhibit strong quantum nonlocality without entanglement.
文摘Vocational colleges are to train technical and skilled personnel for the country. Students professional practical ability is the key to measure the quality of talent training. However, students practical skills do not match the requirements of vocational job skills, and the teaching content does not match the development direction of enterprise technology, resulting in the low adaptability of talent training. Therefore, the railway power supply technology, professional, relying on the railway bureau and engineering bureau to carry out school-enterprise cooperation, for the reform of practice teaching system research, built the provincial productive training base 1 individual, joint development leaf work manual materials, hire part-time teachers to participate in the students training, thus improve the quality of talent training, improve the practice teaching conditions, increase the social service ability.
文摘Irrigation water management has significant economic implications in developing countries like Malaysia. As in many countries, Malaysia is also espousing internet as a platform of new possibilities for information access and sharing. Thus web based decision tools are pertinent in managing water, which is becoming a source of conflict between domestic, industry and agricultural use in this emerging technological and information age. Decision Support System （DSS） created in the past was theoretically acceptable but practically not effective in the transfer of scientific knowledge from research labs to the end-users to support them in decision making. The Web Based Paddy Irrigation Productivity Assessment （WebPIPA） is an example of DSS created to provide an effective conduit for the transfer of scientific knowledge from research labs to the end-users to support them in decision making. WebPIPA serves as an innovative, user friendly and efficient management tool for run-of-river rice irrigation system. It is a web based program that requires users to login through user name and password WebPIPA is developed using Net framework and ASP. Net Programming Languages of Microsoft. Net 2003 environment. A 3-tier architecture framework was carefully studied and was implemented to create the WebP1PA model. Mathematical model developed for aiding irrigation decisions must be oriented towards addressing various issues in addition to the scientific ones for better acceptability. All government and private agencies, researchers, station users, farmers, investors and buyers related to this study area will be able to access and share the database through the internet. By strengthening the involvement of government departments, the database can be very effectively used by all stakeholders at the same time narrowing the gap between the urban and rural communities in the development of country.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22061132003 and 22008226)the Key Technologies R&D Program of Anhui Province(Grant No.202003a05020052)the Major Science and Technology Innovation Projects in Shandong Province(Grant No.2019JZZY010511).
文摘Bipolar membrane electrodialysis(BMED)is considered a state-of-the-art technology for the conversion of salts into acids and bases.However,the low concentration of base generated from a traditional BMED process may limit the viability of this technology for a large-scale application.Herein,we report an especially designed multistage-batch(two/three-stage-batch)BMED process to increase the base concentration by adjusting different volume ratios in the acid(Vacid),base(Vbase),and salt compartments(Vsalt).The findings indicated that performance of the two-stage-batch with a volume ratio of Vacid:Vbase:Vsalt=1:1:5 was superior in comparison to the threestage-batch with a volume ratio of Vacid:Vbase:Vsalt=1:1:2.Besides,the base concentration could be further increased by exchanging the acid produced in the acid compartment with fresh water in the second stage-batch process.With the two-stage-batch BMED,the maximum concentration of the base can be obtained up to 3.40 mol∙L^(-1),which was higher than the most reported base production by BMED.The low energy consumption and high current efficiency further authenticate that the designed process is reliable,cost-effective,and more productive to convert saline water into valuable industrial commodities.
文摘The dot product of bases vectors on the super-surface of constraints of the nonlinear non-holonomic space and Mesherskii equations may act as the equations of fundamental dynamics of mechanical system for the variable mass.These are very simple and convenient for computation.From these known equations,the equations of Chaplygin,Nielson,Appell,Mac-Millan et al.are deriv d;it is unnecessary to introduce the definition if Appell-Chetaev or Niu Qinping for the virtual displacement.These are compatible with the D'Alembert-Lagrange's principle.
文摘Utilize small size of bolti and sardine fish in preparing fish based weaning foods rich in protein, essential amino acids, fat high in omega 3 fatty acids, minerals and vitamins was investigated. The proximate composition, nutritional value, physical and sensorial properties were evaluated, The results of the chemical composition showed that the moisture content of fish based weaning food purees ranged from 67.73% to 72.05%. On dry weight basis, the five prepared formulations considered rich in protein (37.39%<span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">44.86%), fat (26.55%</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">30.43%), ash (6.53%</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">12.23%) and low in carbohydrates (20.70%</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">22.18%). Using fish bones with muscles in preparing weaning food puree caused a marked rise in its content of Ca, P, Fe, and Zn levels especially in purees formulated from bolti. Weaning food purees containing sardine fish rich, in fat, were higher in vitamin A and D than those formulated from bolti one. Palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), and myristic acid (C14:0) represented the major saturated fatty acids in the prepared formulations. Weaning food purees containing sardine fish had relatively higher levels of sulfur</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">containing amino acids and slight lower values of lysine, alanine and glycine than these including bolti fish. The In vitro protein digestibility index (IVPDI) of the different formulations was found to be 100%. The visual colour of such products can be described as yellowish. Except hardness, the other texture characteristics;cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness of the weaning food purees did not significantly change. The children</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> mothers accepted the appearance, flavor</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and mouth feel of all weaning food purees prepared in this study.</span>
基金This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China !(69972046)the NSF of Zhejiang Province! (698076)
文摘A method to synthesize formant targeted sounds based on speech production model and Reflection-Type Line Analog (RTLA) articulatory synthesis model is presented. The synthesis model is implemented with scattering process derived from a RTLA of vocal tract system according to the acoustic mechanism of speech production. The vocal-tract area function which controls the synthesis model is derived from the first three formant trajectories by using the inverse solution of speech production. The proposed method not only gives good naturalness and dynamic smoothness, but also is capable to control or modify speech timbres easily and flexibly. Further and mores it needs less number of control parameters and very low update rate of the parameters.
