In order to ensure food safety,controlling foodborne pathogen contamination is of utmost importance.Growing apprehensions regarding the safety of synthetic antimicrobials,due to their adverse health effects,have promp...In order to ensure food safety,controlling foodborne pathogen contamination is of utmost importance.Growing apprehensions regarding the safety of synthetic antimicrobials,due to their adverse health effects,have prompted a search for alternative options.Plant natural products(PNPs)with antimicrobial activity are being explored as a viable alternative.Among the various antimicrobial natural products studied,plant essential oils,plant flavonoids,plant polyphenols,plant polysaccharides,and plant antimicrobial peptides have been identified as potential candidates.PNPs demonstrate a diverse array of antimicrobial mechanisms,encompassing cell wall and membrane damage,interference with genetic replication,disruption of energy metabolism,and induction of oxidative stress at the single-cell level,as well as inhibition of biofilm formation and quorum sensing at the population level.Certain PNPs have been harnessed as natural antimicrobial agents for the food preservation.The utilization of encapsulation technology proves to be an effective strategy in protecting PNPs,thereby ensuring good antimicrobial efficacy,enhanced dispersibility,and controlled release within food products.The utilization of nanoemulsions,nanoliposomes,edible packaging,electrospun nanofibers,and microcapsules formed by encapsulation has enriched the ways in which PNPs can be applied in food preservation.Although PNPs have great potential in food preservation,their widespread application in the food industry is currently constrained by factors such as production costs,safety concerns,and legal considerations.Chemical synthesis and biosynthesis pathways offer viable strategies for reducing the cost of producing PNPs,and ongoing efforts to assess safety and improve regulatory frameworks are likely to facilitate the broader adoption of PNPs in food preservation practices.This article provides an overview of the main types of PNPs with antimicrobial activity and their properties,focusing on their mechanisms of action.Additionally,it summarizes the use of PNPs in food preservation and discusses the characteristics and applications of different encapsulation technologies.Lastly,the paper briefly analyzes current limitations and proposes potential future trends for this field.展开更多
The emissions of greenhouse gasses in Egypt are about 0.58% of the total emissions of the world in the year 2015, although Egypt is one of the countries most affected by the impacts of climate change. By assessment an...The emissions of greenhouse gasses in Egypt are about 0.58% of the total emissions of the world in the year 2015, although Egypt is one of the countries most affected by the impacts of climate change. By assessment and analysis of the expected economic impacts of climate change by the year 2030, the Egyptian cultivated area will be reduced to about 0.949 million acres, equal to about 8.22% of the Egyptian cultivated area compared with the case of no sinking part of the Delta land, thus reducing crop area in Egypt to about 1.406 million acres, approximately to about 6.25% of crop area compared with the case of no sinking part of the Delta land, in addition to surplus in the Egyptian balance water to about 2.48 billion m3. In this case value of the Egyptian agriculture production will decrease by about 6.19 billion dollars, equal to about 6.19% compared with presumably no sinking of the Delta land. In the case of sinking 15% of Delta lands, with the change of the productivity and water consumption of most crops, the result will be a reduction in the cultivated area to about 0.94 million acres. In addition to decreasing the Egyptian crop area to about 1.39 million acres, with a deficit in the Egyptian balance water to about 4.74 billion m3 compared to the case of no sinking part of the Delta land, the cultivated area will decrease to about 8.17%, and the crop area will decrease 6.18%. Also, the value of the Egyptian agriculture production will decrease by about 12.51%. While compared to sinking part of the Delta land to about 15% of the total Delta area without the other impacts of climate change, the cultivated area will increase by about 0.06%;the crop area will increase by about 0.08%;also, the value of the Egyptian agriculture production will decrease by about 5.57%.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a complex and incompletely understood pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, a cure for Alzheimer's disease has not yet been found. Oxid...Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a complex and incompletely understood pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, a cure for Alzheimer's disease has not yet been found. Oxidative stress mediates excessive oxidative responses, and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis as a primary or secondary pathological event is widely accepted. As a member of the selenium-containing antioxidant enzyme family, glutathione peroxidase 4 reduces esterified phospholipid hydroperoxides to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. With the discovery of ferroptosis, the central role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in anti-lipid peroxidation in several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, has received widespread attention. Increasing evidence suggests that glutathione peroxidase 4 expression is inhibited in the Alzheimer's disease brain, resulting in oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, and apoptosis, which are closely associated with pathological damage in Alzheimer's disease. Several therapeutic approaches, such as small molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological treatments, ameliorate pathological damage and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease by promoting glutathione peroxidase 4 expression and enhancing glutathione peroxidase 4 activity. Therefore, glutathione peroxidase 4 upregulation may be a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides an overview of the gene structure, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of glutathione peroxidase 4, a discussion on the important role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in pathological events closely related to Alzheimer's disease, and a summary of the advances in small-molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological therapies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Most prior studies on this subject used animal models, and relevant clinical studies are lacking. Future clinical trials are required to validate the therapeutic effects of strategies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
Phytoremediation is a promising approach for reclamation of salt-affected soil.Phytoextraction is the most commonly used process,which exploits plants to absorb,immobilize,and accumulate salt in their shoots.In this s...Phytoremediation is a promising approach for reclamation of salt-affected soil.Phytoextraction is the most commonly used process,which exploits plants to absorb,immobilize,and accumulate salt in their shoots.In this study,halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)were isolated from the rhizosphere of wild grasses growing naturally in salt-affected areas of Lucknow,Uttar Pradesh(India)and were tested for their efficacies of salt-tolerance and plant growth-promoting(PGP)abilities.Based on 16S rRNA sequences,the most efficient halotolerant isolates possessing PGP traits were identified as Pseudomonas plecoglossicida(KM 233646),Acinetobacter calcoaceticus(KM 233647),Bacillus flexus(KM 233648),and Bacillus safensis(KM 233652).Application of these isolates as bio-inoculants significantly(P<0.05)increased the growth and bacoside A yield of a medicinal plant,Bacopa monnieri(L.)Nash,grown on natural salt-affected soil.The phytoremediation of salt-affected soil was evident by the substantial increase in shoot Na^+:K^+ratio of bio-inoculant-treated plants.When compared to un-inoculated control plants,the soil physico-chemical properties of bio-inoculant-treated plants were improved.The shoot and root biomass(fresh and dry weights),soil enzymes,and soil nutrient parameters showed significant positive correlations with the shoot Na+:K+ratio.Consequently,the halotolerant PGPR screened in this study could be useful for the reclamation of saline soils concomitant with improved plant growth and bacoside A yield.展开更多
Management intensity critically influences the productivity and sustainability of pasture systems through modifying soil microbes, and soil carbon （C） and nutrient dynamics; however, such effects are not well unders...Management intensity critically influences the productivity and sustainability of pasture systems through modifying soil microbes, and soil carbon （C） and nutrient dynamics; however, such effects are not well understood yet ir the southeastern USA. We examined the effects of grazing intensity and grass planting system on soil C and nitrogen （N） dynamics, and microbial biomass and respiration in a long-term field experiment in Goldsboro, North Carolina, USA. A split-plot experiment was initiated in 2003 on a highly sandy soil under treatments of two grass planting systems （ryegrass rotation with sorghum-sudangrass hybrid and ryegrass seeding into a perennial bermudagrass stand） at low and high grazing densities. After 4 years of continuous treatments, soil total C and N contents across the 0 30 cm soil profile were 24.7% and 17.5% higher at the high than at the low grazing intensity, likely through promoting plant productivity and C allocation belowground as well as fecal and urinary inputs. Grass planting system effects were significant only at the low grazing intensity, with soil C, N, and microbial biomass and respiration in the top 10 cm being higher under the ryegrass/bermudagrass than under the ryegrass/sorghum-sudangrass hybrid planting systems. These results suggest that effective management could mitigate potential adverse effects of high grazing intensities on soil properties and facilitate sustainability of pastureland.展开更多
Although solar exposure is necessary for human health,phototoxicology induced by excessive UVB and UVA radiation,which involves sunburns,skin aging and even tu-morigenesis,has been widely researched.Sunscreen is one o...Although solar exposure is necessary for human health,phototoxicology induced by excessive UVB and UVA radiation,which involves sunburns,skin aging and even tu-morigenesis,has been widely researched.Sunscreen is one of the most important ways to protect skin from UV phototoxic damage.As well as inorganic and organic UV filters,some natural products or plant extracts with aromatic rings in their structures,such as flavonoids or polyphenols,can absorb UV to reduce sunburn,acting as a natu-ral UV filter;they also show antioxidant or/and anti-inflammatory activity.This could explain why,although there are no officially approval natural commercial sun-filters,more and more commercial sunscreen products containing plant extracts are avail-able on the market.Here we summarize articles focusing on natural UV filters from plant published in the last 6 years,selecting the most significant data in order to better understand the photoprotective activity of natural products and extracts from plants,including their major constituents and main biological effects,methods for evaluating UV radiation resistance,anti-UV radiation experimental models and anti-UV radiation mechanisms.展开更多
Wastewater treatment systems are important anthropogenic sources of CH4 emission. A full-scale experiment was carried out to monitor the CH4 emission from anoxic/anaerobic/oxic process （A2O） and sequencing batch rea...Wastewater treatment systems are important anthropogenic sources of CH4 emission. A full-scale experiment was carried out to monitor the CH4 emission from anoxic/anaerobic/oxic process （A2O） and sequencing batch reactor （SBR） wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） for one year from May 2011 to April 2012. The main emission unit of the A2O process was an oxic tank, accounting for 76.2% of CH4 emissions; the main emission unit of the SBR process was the feeding and aeration phase, accounting for 99.5% of CH4 emissions. CH4 can be produced in the anaerobic condition, such as in the primary settling tank and anaerobic tank of the A2O process. While CH4 can be consumed in anoxic denitrification or the aeration condition, such as in the anoxic tank and oxic tank of the A2O process and the feeding and aeration phase of the SBR process. The CH4 emission flux and the dissolved CH4 concentration rapidly decreased in the oxic tank of the A2O process. These metrics increased during the first half of the phase and then decreased during the latter half of the phase in the feeding and aeration phase of the SBR process. The CH4 oxidation rate ranged from 32.47% to 89.52% （mean： 67.96%） in the A2O process and from 12.65% to 88.31% （mean： 47.62%） in the SBR process. The mean CH4 emission factors were 0.182 g/ton of wastewater and 24.75 g CH4/（person.year） for the A2O process, and 0.457 g/ton of wastewater and 36.55 g CH4/（person.year） for the SBR process.展开更多
Plant natural products are a kind of active substance widely used in pharmaceuticals and foods.However,the current production mode based on plant culture and extraction suffer complex processes and severe concerns for...Plant natural products are a kind of active substance widely used in pharmaceuticals and foods.However,the current production mode based on plant culture and extraction suffer complex processes and severe concerns for environmental and ecological.With the increasing awareness of environmental sustainability,engineered microbial cell factories have been an alternative approach to produce natural products.Many engineering strategies have been utilized in microbial biosynthesis of complex phytochemicals such as dynamic control and substructure engineering.Meanwhile,Enzyme engineering including directed evolution and rational design has been implemented to improve enzyme catalysis efficiency and stability as well as change promiscuity to expand product spectra.In this review,we discussed recent advances in microbial biosynthesis of complex phytochemicals from the following aspects,including pathway construction,strain engineering to boost the production.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to establish the linear regression prediction models between sowing time and plant productivity, biological yield of forage sorghum in autumn idle land.[Method]The relationships between sowing t...[Objective]The aim was to establish the linear regression prediction models between sowing time and plant productivity, biological yield of forage sorghum in autumn idle land.[Method]The relationships between sowing time and plant productivity, biological yield of forage sorghum were simulated and compared by using field experiment and linear regression analysis.[Result] The sowing time had an important influence on the plant productivity and biological yield of forage sorghum in autumn idle land. The plant productivity and biological yield of forage sorghum both decreased with the delay of sowing time.The regression model between plant fresh weight and sowing time was ？fresh=0.618-0.015x; the regression model between plant dry weight and sowing time was ？dry=0.184-0.005x; and the regression model between biological yield and sowing time was yield=29 126.461-711.448x. During July 23rd to August 30th, when the sowing time was delayed by 1 day, the plant fresh weight of forage sorghum was reduced by 0.015 g, the plant dry weight was reduced by 0.005 g, and the yield was reduced by 711.448 kg/hm2. [Conclusion] The three regression models established in this study will provide theoretical support for the production of forage sorghum.展开更多
To provide genetic information and materials for breeding hybrid japonica rice with wide adaptability and strong competitive advantage of yield, elite alleles and their carrier varieties of growth duration （GD） and ...To provide genetic information and materials for breeding hybrid japonica rice with wide adaptability and strong competitive advantage of yield, elite alleles and their carrier varieties of growth duration （GD） and productive panicle number per plant （PN） were detected. A natural population composed of 94 japonica varieties was phenotyped for the GD, PN and plant height （PH） in two environments. The conditional phenotypic data were transferred by the linear model method in software QGAStation 1.0, and association mapping based on the unconditional and conditional phenotype values of GD and PN was analyzed by using general linear model in software TASSEL. A total of 34 simple sequence repeat （SSR） marker loci associated with GD and PN were detected in the two environments. Among them, 15 were associated with GD, and 19 were associated with PN. Four elite alleles of RM8095-120bp, RM7102-176bp, RM72-170bp and RM72-178bp were associated with GD, and their carrier varieties were Hongmangshajing, Nipponbare, Hongmangshajing and Nannongjing 62401, respectively. These elite alleles from the carrier varieties can shorten GD by 2.03-9.93 d when they were introduced into improved materials. RM72-182bp associated with PN was an elite allele, and its carrier variety was Xiaoqingzhong. It can increase PN by three when introduced into improved materials. Moreover, these elite alleles can be used to improve target traits without influencing another two traits.展开更多
In Ukraine, a sunflower is the main oil crop from which more than 90% of vegetable fats are produced. An increase in production is due to the expansion of cultivation area, which necessitates research on sunflower hyb...In Ukraine, a sunflower is the main oil crop from which more than 90% of vegetable fats are produced. An increase in production is due to the expansion of cultivation area, which necessitates research on sunflower hybrids adaptability in the northern regions of Ukraine, where in recent decades</span></span><span><span><span>,</span></span></span><span><span><span><span> there has been a significant change of weather conditions and which may be favorable for its cultivation. The research was carried out in the Northern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on light loam chernozems. Reaction to growing conditions of four hybrids was studied by establishing the stability and plasticity of hybrids in terms of yield formation due to changes in morphological characteristics of plants. Yield potential realization is high enough, which is provided by sufficient amounts of positive, active, effective temperatures and precipitation. Calculation of the coefficients of plasticity and stability allows identifying stable sunflower hybrids, hybrids with a high level of </span><span>plasticity, and recommending them to production. The yield of ear</span><span>ly-maturing hybrid Ukrainskyi F1 increases rectilinearly with plant density increasing (r = 0.977 - 0.998), while hybrids P63LL06 (r = 0.651 - 0.882);NK Ferti (r = 0.589 - 0.846), and NK Brio (r = 0.689 - 0.804) form a higher yield at standing densities up to 60 thousand plants per hectare, and with further thickening, the yield decreases. With the thickening of sowings, the height of all hybrids plants increases (r = 0.97 - 0.99), and there is a decrease in the number of seeds per an</span></span></span></span><span><span><span>th</span></span></span><span><span><span>ode, and the weight of 1000 seeds. Sunflower hybrids can be divided into the groups according to the peculiarities of yield formation due to morphological features: 1) yield increases only due to sowings’ thickening</span></span></span><span><span><span>—</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span><span><span>Ukrainskyi F1;2) combined efficiency</span></span></span><span><span><span>-</span></span></span><span><span><span>increasing sowings’ density to 60 thousand plants/ha and generative organs formation</span></span></span><span><span><span><span>—</span><span>NCKBrio;3) hybrids of intermediate type</span><span>—</span><span>NK Ferti and P63LL06.展开更多
This review discusses the bioefficacy of natural products（derived from neem and other tropical trees） which have been used against insect pests and diseases attacking forest trees in India.These products are effecti...This review discusses the bioefficacy of natural products（derived from neem and other tropical trees） which have been used against insect pests and diseases attacking forest trees in India.These products are effective,cheaper and eco-friendly and act as antifeedant,repellent,sterility inducing,toxic or regulate insect growth.Integration of these products in forest pest management strategies would enhance the sustainability of forests and prevent the deterioration of wood quality.展开更多
A pot experiment was conducted by putting ameliorants,the products of plants fermented by lactobacillus,and sandy soil into alkaline-saline soil. After such blending,the soil physicochemical properties and the growth ...A pot experiment was conducted by putting ameliorants,the products of plants fermented by lactobacillus,and sandy soil into alkaline-saline soil. After such blending,the soil physicochemical properties and the growth index of Alfalfa seedlings were measured in order to explore the influence of the blending on alkaline-saline soil and the growth of alfalfa seedlings. The results showed that soil p H decreased significantly after adding ameliorant; mixing ameliorant and sandy soil into alkaline-saline soil reduced soil evaporation and increased the germination rate of alfalfa seeds and their chlorophyll content as well as the seedling height,root length of alfalfa seedlings,but it had no significant effect on alfalfa seedlings' biomass and leaf number; besides,excessive ameliorant would inhibit the growth of alfalfa seedlings.展开更多
[Objective]The research aimed to study the response of plant climatic productivity to warming and drying tendency in Huanren in the past 58 years.[Method]Based on the temperature and precipitation data in Huanren from...[Objective]The research aimed to study the response of plant climatic productivity to warming and drying tendency in Huanren in the past 58 years.[Method]Based on the temperature and precipitation data in Huanren from 1953 to 2010,using trend analysis,Thornthwaite Memorial model and Mann-Kendall detection method,change characteristics of climate and plant climatic productivity in Huanren were analyzed,and the regression evaluation model between plant climatic productivity and temperature and precipitation was established.[Result]Annual average temperature in Huanren presented a significant upward trend,and its linear tendency rate was 0.29℃/10 a;annual precipitation presented a decreasing trend,and its linear tendency rate was-13.29 mm/10 a;dryness presented a declining trend.The warming and drying trend was obvious in Huanren.Plant climatic productivity presented a significant increasing trend,and its linear tendency rate was 8.39 g/（m2·10 a）.Plant climatic productivity was closely related to precipitation and temperature.[Conclusion]The research could provide basis and reference for the adjustment of agricultural structure and sufficiently playing the advantages of climate resources in Huanren.展开更多
Dry eye disease(DED),a chronic multifactorial illness of the ocular surface with itching,burning,irritation,eye fatigue and ocular inflammation,may result in potential damage,such as cornea and conjunctiva,and even de...Dry eye disease(DED),a chronic multifactorial illness of the ocular surface with itching,burning,irritation,eye fatigue and ocular inflammation,may result in potential damage,such as cornea and conjunctiva,and even decreased vision.With the global prevalence of DED on the rise,it is crucial to find treatment options with minimal side effects.Natural plant products have shown promise in alleviating DED symptoms and may serve as a potential approach for its treatment.However,their application as instilled drugs is limited by solubility,stability and biological barriers.This review summarizes recent studies(published in the last 5 years)on natural plant products and their derivatives for the treatment of DED,focusing on efficacy,mechanism,drug delivery systems.Meanwhile,their shortcomings are also discussed.By exploring these aspects,we find polyphenol,flavonoid and others natural plant products can effectively improve or treat DED by different mechanisms,and suitable delivery system and structural modification can enhance their therapeutic effect,suggesting they are likely to become candidates for the treatment of DED.展开更多
Water control is a major problem in crop production, particularly in fragile ecosystems such as the Sahel. Water is the most important factor in plant productivity. Many initiatives have been developed in this directi...Water control is a major problem in crop production, particularly in fragile ecosystems such as the Sahel. Water is the most important factor in plant productivity. Many initiatives have been developed in this direction, including all methods of irrigation and water and soil conservation. The objective of this work is to assess the effectiveness of this amendment in crop production in the context of climate variability. The methodology is based on experi<span>mentation to statistically compare the natural biomass on a soil of sil</span><span>ty-clay-sandy texture, divided into two blocks, one of which is amended with potassium polyacrylate and the other is not. This study showed that the wet and dry biomasses produced on soils with potassium polyacrylate are significantly higher than those produced on unamended soils at the 5% threshold. Based on these results, potassium polyacrylate may be a solution to recurrent dryness pockets. However, uncontrolled environmental testing is necessary to confirm these results.</span>展开更多
In the delicate normative balance, at European Union （EU） level of the borderline products （i.e., between plant protectants and bio-fertilizers/bio-effectors） containing microbial consortia （MC） instead of singl...In the delicate normative balance, at European Union （EU） level of the borderline products （i.e., between plant protectants and bio-fertilizers/bio-effectors） containing microbial consortia （MC） instead of single microbial strains, the most relevant factors influencing the categorization of the products are the intention of use, the cell density and the mode of action. For the latter, the basic difference between the two types of products is that a plant protectant has a targeted activity on plant pathogens, while a bio-fertilizer acts indirectly by nourishing and fortifying the host plant （healthier plant）, thus inducing a generalized resistance to the onset of pathological status, irrespective of its origin and nature. Case-studies are presented on the effectiveness of MC as bio-fertilizers/bio-effectors on different crops. Bio-fertilizers exhibit a double effect--biotic and abiotic, leading to the fortification of the crop plant linked to its more effective water and nutrient uptakes as well asto a generalized healthier status. This in turn leads to a higher resistance to diseases. In addition, bio-fertilizers play a relevant role on the reduction of environmental impacts due to chemical fertilizers, e.g., by facilitating the uptake of phosphorus （P）, thus reducing the need of P fertilization. Although finding a scientifically-based balance between regulatory need and marketing constraint is not always an easy task, the availability of scientific advancements combined to common sense should help in describing positive effects and risk profiles of MC in agriculture.展开更多
[ Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between each of planting density and row spacing and plant productivity of forage sweet sorghum planted in autumn idle land. [ Methods] Using split...[ Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between each of planting density and row spacing and plant productivity of forage sweet sorghum planted in autumn idle land. [ Methods] Using split-plot experiment design experiment method and LSD method of IBM. SPSS. Statistics. v22 statistics software, the effects of planting density and row spacing on plant productivity of forage sweet sorghum planted in autumn idle land were compared. [ Result] The results showed that the planting density and row spacing had important influences on plant productivity of forage sweet sorghum planted in autumn idle land. Moreover, the optimal combination of plant productivity for A1B4 , i. e. ,under the combination of the planting density of 7.5 × 10^4 plants/hm^2 and the row spacing of 40 cm, the fresh weight and dry weight per plant were 654.37 and 147.11 g/plant, respectively. [ Conclusion ] The results provided a theoretical basis for the production of forage sweet sorghum in autumn idle land.展开更多
Plants edited with new genomic techniques(NGTs)currently fall under the Genetically Modified Organisms Directive(2001/18/EC)in the European Union.In the proposal of the European Commission,NGT plants are partially exe...Plants edited with new genomic techniques(NGTs)currently fall under the Genetically Modified Organisms Directive(2001/18/EC)in the European Union.In the proposal of the European Commission,NGT plants are partially exempted from the regulations of this directive.The proposal makes a distinction between two categories of NGT plants:NGT-1 and NGT-2.NGT-1 category plants are considered equal to plants obtained through conventional breeding methods.These plants will not be labelled for the consumer,although they will be labelled as seeds.NGT-2 category plants may be labelled with additional information as a positive incentive.Labelling of seeds of varieties made with gene editing,but not the products,would mean that most steps in the production chain are transparent,but not the last step towards consumers.The“right to know”and increasing knowledge of gene-edited food is a common theme in food labelling towards consumers.Here,we describe current labelling regimes and registers and how these may be applied to provide transparency on gene-edited products to consumers.Furthermore,we also look into consumer studies,which indicate a greater acceptance of gene-edited food among consumers,especially when additional benefits such as sustainability are mentioned.展开更多
The diversity of plant natural products presents a rich resource for accelerating drug discovery and addressing pressing human health issues.However,the challenges in accessing and cultivating source species,as well a...The diversity of plant natural products presents a rich resource for accelerating drug discovery and addressing pressing human health issues.However,the challenges in accessing and cultivating source species,as well as metabolite structural complexity,and general low abundance present considerable hurdles in developing plant-derived therapeutics.Advances in high-throughput sequencing,genome assembly,gene synthesis,analytical technologies,and synthetic biology approaches,now enable us to efficiently identify and engineer enzymes and metabolic pathways for producing natural and new-to-nature therapeutics and drug candidates.This review highlights challenges and progress in plant natural product discovery and engineering by example of recent breakthroughs in identifying the missing enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the anti-cancer agent Taxol^(®).These enzyme resources offer new avenues for the bio-manufacture and semi-synthesis of an old blockbuster drug.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060520)Science and Technology Talents and Platform Program of Yunnan Province(202105AF150049)University Key Laboratory of Food Microbial Resources and Utilization in Yunnan Province(Yunjiaofa[2018]No.135).
文摘In order to ensure food safety,controlling foodborne pathogen contamination is of utmost importance.Growing apprehensions regarding the safety of synthetic antimicrobials,due to their adverse health effects,have prompted a search for alternative options.Plant natural products(PNPs)with antimicrobial activity are being explored as a viable alternative.Among the various antimicrobial natural products studied,plant essential oils,plant flavonoids,plant polyphenols,plant polysaccharides,and plant antimicrobial peptides have been identified as potential candidates.PNPs demonstrate a diverse array of antimicrobial mechanisms,encompassing cell wall and membrane damage,interference with genetic replication,disruption of energy metabolism,and induction of oxidative stress at the single-cell level,as well as inhibition of biofilm formation and quorum sensing at the population level.Certain PNPs have been harnessed as natural antimicrobial agents for the food preservation.The utilization of encapsulation technology proves to be an effective strategy in protecting PNPs,thereby ensuring good antimicrobial efficacy,enhanced dispersibility,and controlled release within food products.The utilization of nanoemulsions,nanoliposomes,edible packaging,electrospun nanofibers,and microcapsules formed by encapsulation has enriched the ways in which PNPs can be applied in food preservation.Although PNPs have great potential in food preservation,their widespread application in the food industry is currently constrained by factors such as production costs,safety concerns,and legal considerations.Chemical synthesis and biosynthesis pathways offer viable strategies for reducing the cost of producing PNPs,and ongoing efforts to assess safety and improve regulatory frameworks are likely to facilitate the broader adoption of PNPs in food preservation practices.This article provides an overview of the main types of PNPs with antimicrobial activity and their properties,focusing on their mechanisms of action.Additionally,it summarizes the use of PNPs in food preservation and discusses the characteristics and applications of different encapsulation technologies.Lastly,the paper briefly analyzes current limitations and proposes potential future trends for this field.
文摘The emissions of greenhouse gasses in Egypt are about 0.58% of the total emissions of the world in the year 2015, although Egypt is one of the countries most affected by the impacts of climate change. By assessment and analysis of the expected economic impacts of climate change by the year 2030, the Egyptian cultivated area will be reduced to about 0.949 million acres, equal to about 8.22% of the Egyptian cultivated area compared with the case of no sinking part of the Delta land, thus reducing crop area in Egypt to about 1.406 million acres, approximately to about 6.25% of crop area compared with the case of no sinking part of the Delta land, in addition to surplus in the Egyptian balance water to about 2.48 billion m3. In this case value of the Egyptian agriculture production will decrease by about 6.19 billion dollars, equal to about 6.19% compared with presumably no sinking of the Delta land. In the case of sinking 15% of Delta lands, with the change of the productivity and water consumption of most crops, the result will be a reduction in the cultivated area to about 0.94 million acres. In addition to decreasing the Egyptian crop area to about 1.39 million acres, with a deficit in the Egyptian balance water to about 4.74 billion m3 compared to the case of no sinking part of the Delta land, the cultivated area will decrease to about 8.17%, and the crop area will decrease 6.18%. Also, the value of the Egyptian agriculture production will decrease by about 12.51%. While compared to sinking part of the Delta land to about 15% of the total Delta area without the other impacts of climate change, the cultivated area will increase by about 0.06%;the crop area will increase by about 0.08%;also, the value of the Egyptian agriculture production will decrease by about 5.57%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82071442 (to LS)a grant from the Jilin Provincial Department of Finance,No.JLSWSRCZX2021-004 (to LS)。
文摘Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a complex and incompletely understood pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, a cure for Alzheimer's disease has not yet been found. Oxidative stress mediates excessive oxidative responses, and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis as a primary or secondary pathological event is widely accepted. As a member of the selenium-containing antioxidant enzyme family, glutathione peroxidase 4 reduces esterified phospholipid hydroperoxides to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. With the discovery of ferroptosis, the central role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in anti-lipid peroxidation in several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, has received widespread attention. Increasing evidence suggests that glutathione peroxidase 4 expression is inhibited in the Alzheimer's disease brain, resulting in oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, and apoptosis, which are closely associated with pathological damage in Alzheimer's disease. Several therapeutic approaches, such as small molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological treatments, ameliorate pathological damage and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease by promoting glutathione peroxidase 4 expression and enhancing glutathione peroxidase 4 activity. Therefore, glutathione peroxidase 4 upregulation may be a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides an overview of the gene structure, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of glutathione peroxidase 4, a discussion on the important role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in pathological events closely related to Alzheimer's disease, and a summary of the advances in small-molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological therapies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Most prior studies on this subject used animal models, and relevant clinical studies are lacking. Future clinical trials are required to validate the therapeutic effects of strategies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
文摘Phytoremediation is a promising approach for reclamation of salt-affected soil.Phytoextraction is the most commonly used process,which exploits plants to absorb,immobilize,and accumulate salt in their shoots.In this study,halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)were isolated from the rhizosphere of wild grasses growing naturally in salt-affected areas of Lucknow,Uttar Pradesh(India)and were tested for their efficacies of salt-tolerance and plant growth-promoting(PGP)abilities.Based on 16S rRNA sequences,the most efficient halotolerant isolates possessing PGP traits were identified as Pseudomonas plecoglossicida(KM 233646),Acinetobacter calcoaceticus(KM 233647),Bacillus flexus(KM 233648),and Bacillus safensis(KM 233652).Application of these isolates as bio-inoculants significantly(P<0.05)increased the growth and bacoside A yield of a medicinal plant,Bacopa monnieri(L.)Nash,grown on natural salt-affected soil.The phytoremediation of salt-affected soil was evident by the substantial increase in shoot Na^+:K^+ratio of bio-inoculant-treated plants.When compared to un-inoculated control plants,the soil physico-chemical properties of bio-inoculant-treated plants were improved.The shoot and root biomass(fresh and dry weights),soil enzymes,and soil nutrient parameters showed significant positive correlations with the shoot Na+:K+ratio.Consequently,the halotolerant PGPR screened in this study could be useful for the reclamation of saline soils concomitant with improved plant growth and bacoside A yield.
基金Supported by the USDA-NRI,USA(No.NRI-2007-03307)the USDA Southern Region SARE Program,USA(No.2012-02978)+2 种基金the China Scholarship Council(No.[2006]3085)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41201259)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2013JQ5001)
文摘Management intensity critically influences the productivity and sustainability of pasture systems through modifying soil microbes, and soil carbon （C） and nutrient dynamics; however, such effects are not well understood yet ir the southeastern USA. We examined the effects of grazing intensity and grass planting system on soil C and nitrogen （N） dynamics, and microbial biomass and respiration in a long-term field experiment in Goldsboro, North Carolina, USA. A split-plot experiment was initiated in 2003 on a highly sandy soil under treatments of two grass planting systems （ryegrass rotation with sorghum-sudangrass hybrid and ryegrass seeding into a perennial bermudagrass stand） at low and high grazing densities. After 4 years of continuous treatments, soil total C and N contents across the 0 30 cm soil profile were 24.7% and 17.5% higher at the high than at the low grazing intensity, likely through promoting plant productivity and C allocation belowground as well as fecal and urinary inputs. Grass planting system effects were significant only at the low grazing intensity, with soil C, N, and microbial biomass and respiration in the top 10 cm being higher under the ryegrass/bermudagrass than under the ryegrass/sorghum-sudangrass hybrid planting systems. These results suggest that effective management could mitigate potential adverse effects of high grazing intensities on soil properties and facilitate sustainability of pastureland.
基金supported by Henan Provincial Department of Education(No.21B350001)Zhengzhou science and technology department(No.ZZSZX202109 and ZZSZX202108).
文摘Although solar exposure is necessary for human health,phototoxicology induced by excessive UVB and UVA radiation,which involves sunburns,skin aging and even tu-morigenesis,has been widely researched.Sunscreen is one of the most important ways to protect skin from UV phototoxic damage.As well as inorganic and organic UV filters,some natural products or plant extracts with aromatic rings in their structures,such as flavonoids or polyphenols,can absorb UV to reduce sunburn,acting as a natu-ral UV filter;they also show antioxidant or/and anti-inflammatory activity.This could explain why,although there are no officially approval natural commercial sun-filters,more and more commercial sunscreen products containing plant extracts are avail-able on the market.Here we summarize articles focusing on natural UV filters from plant published in the last 6 years,selecting the most significant data in order to better understand the photoprotective activity of natural products and extracts from plants,including their major constituents and main biological effects,methods for evaluating UV radiation resistance,anti-UV radiation experimental models and anti-UV radiation mechanisms.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.TD2011-22)the China Welfare Funds for Environmental Protection(No.201009053)+1 种基金the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.Z111100058911003)the National Natural Science Fundation of China(No.51008023,51078034,51278051)
文摘Wastewater treatment systems are important anthropogenic sources of CH4 emission. A full-scale experiment was carried out to monitor the CH4 emission from anoxic/anaerobic/oxic process （A2O） and sequencing batch reactor （SBR） wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） for one year from May 2011 to April 2012. The main emission unit of the A2O process was an oxic tank, accounting for 76.2% of CH4 emissions; the main emission unit of the SBR process was the feeding and aeration phase, accounting for 99.5% of CH4 emissions. CH4 can be produced in the anaerobic condition, such as in the primary settling tank and anaerobic tank of the A2O process. While CH4 can be consumed in anoxic denitrification or the aeration condition, such as in the anoxic tank and oxic tank of the A2O process and the feeding and aeration phase of the SBR process. The CH4 emission flux and the dissolved CH4 concentration rapidly decreased in the oxic tank of the A2O process. These metrics increased during the first half of the phase and then decreased during the latter half of the phase in the feeding and aeration phase of the SBR process. The CH4 oxidation rate ranged from 32.47% to 89.52% （mean： 67.96%） in the A2O process and from 12.65% to 88.31% （mean： 47.62%） in the SBR process. The mean CH4 emission factors were 0.182 g/ton of wastewater and 24.75 g CH4/（person.year） for the A2O process, and 0.457 g/ton of wastewater and 36.55 g CH4/（person.year） for the SBR process.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0901800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21736002).
文摘Plant natural products are a kind of active substance widely used in pharmaceuticals and foods.However,the current production mode based on plant culture and extraction suffer complex processes and severe concerns for environmental and ecological.With the increasing awareness of environmental sustainability,engineered microbial cell factories have been an alternative approach to produce natural products.Many engineering strategies have been utilized in microbial biosynthesis of complex phytochemicals such as dynamic control and substructure engineering.Meanwhile,Enzyme engineering including directed evolution and rational design has been implemented to improve enzyme catalysis efficiency and stability as well as change promiscuity to expand product spectra.In this review,we discussed recent advances in microbial biosynthesis of complex phytochemicals from the following aspects,including pathway construction,strain engineering to boost the production.
文摘[Objective]The aim was to establish the linear regression prediction models between sowing time and plant productivity, biological yield of forage sorghum in autumn idle land.[Method]The relationships between sowing time and plant productivity, biological yield of forage sorghum were simulated and compared by using field experiment and linear regression analysis.[Result] The sowing time had an important influence on the plant productivity and biological yield of forage sorghum in autumn idle land. The plant productivity and biological yield of forage sorghum both decreased with the delay of sowing time.The regression model between plant fresh weight and sowing time was ？fresh=0.618-0.015x; the regression model between plant dry weight and sowing time was ？dry=0.184-0.005x; and the regression model between biological yield and sowing time was yield=29 126.461-711.448x. During July 23rd to August 30th, when the sowing time was delayed by 1 day, the plant fresh weight of forage sorghum was reduced by 0.015 g, the plant dry weight was reduced by 0.005 g, and the yield was reduced by 711.448 kg/hm2. [Conclusion] The three regression models established in this study will provide theoretical support for the production of forage sorghum.
基金supported by the Program of National High Technology Research and Development,Ministry of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.2010AA101301)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to University in China(Grant No.B08025)+1 种基金the Program of Introducing International Advanced Agricultural Science and Technology in China(Grant No.2006-G8[4]-31-1)the Program of Science-Technology Basis and Conditional Platform in China(Grant No.505005)
文摘To provide genetic information and materials for breeding hybrid japonica rice with wide adaptability and strong competitive advantage of yield, elite alleles and their carrier varieties of growth duration （GD） and productive panicle number per plant （PN） were detected. A natural population composed of 94 japonica varieties was phenotyped for the GD, PN and plant height （PH） in two environments. The conditional phenotypic data were transferred by the linear model method in software QGAStation 1.0, and association mapping based on the unconditional and conditional phenotype values of GD and PN was analyzed by using general linear model in software TASSEL. A total of 34 simple sequence repeat （SSR） marker loci associated with GD and PN were detected in the two environments. Among them, 15 were associated with GD, and 19 were associated with PN. Four elite alleles of RM8095-120bp, RM7102-176bp, RM72-170bp and RM72-178bp were associated with GD, and their carrier varieties were Hongmangshajing, Nipponbare, Hongmangshajing and Nannongjing 62401, respectively. These elite alleles from the carrier varieties can shorten GD by 2.03-9.93 d when they were introduced into improved materials. RM72-182bp associated with PN was an elite allele, and its carrier variety was Xiaoqingzhong. It can increase PN by three when introduced into improved materials. Moreover, these elite alleles can be used to improve target traits without influencing another two traits.
文摘In Ukraine, a sunflower is the main oil crop from which more than 90% of vegetable fats are produced. An increase in production is due to the expansion of cultivation area, which necessitates research on sunflower hybrids adaptability in the northern regions of Ukraine, where in recent decades</span></span><span><span><span>,</span></span></span><span><span><span><span> there has been a significant change of weather conditions and which may be favorable for its cultivation. The research was carried out in the Northern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on light loam chernozems. Reaction to growing conditions of four hybrids was studied by establishing the stability and plasticity of hybrids in terms of yield formation due to changes in morphological characteristics of plants. Yield potential realization is high enough, which is provided by sufficient amounts of positive, active, effective temperatures and precipitation. Calculation of the coefficients of plasticity and stability allows identifying stable sunflower hybrids, hybrids with a high level of </span><span>plasticity, and recommending them to production. The yield of ear</span><span>ly-maturing hybrid Ukrainskyi F1 increases rectilinearly with plant density increasing (r = 0.977 - 0.998), while hybrids P63LL06 (r = 0.651 - 0.882);NK Ferti (r = 0.589 - 0.846), and NK Brio (r = 0.689 - 0.804) form a higher yield at standing densities up to 60 thousand plants per hectare, and with further thickening, the yield decreases. With the thickening of sowings, the height of all hybrids plants increases (r = 0.97 - 0.99), and there is a decrease in the number of seeds per an</span></span></span></span><span><span><span>th</span></span></span><span><span><span>ode, and the weight of 1000 seeds. Sunflower hybrids can be divided into the groups according to the peculiarities of yield formation due to morphological features: 1) yield increases only due to sowings’ thickening</span></span></span><span><span><span>—</span></span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span><span><span>Ukrainskyi F1;2) combined efficiency</span></span></span><span><span><span>-</span></span></span><span><span><span>increasing sowings’ density to 60 thousand plants/ha and generative organs formation</span></span></span><span><span><span><span>—</span><span>NCKBrio;3) hybrids of intermediate type</span><span>—</span><span>NK Ferti and P63LL06.
文摘This review discusses the bioefficacy of natural products（derived from neem and other tropical trees） which have been used against insect pests and diseases attacking forest trees in India.These products are effective,cheaper and eco-friendly and act as antifeedant,repellent,sterility inducing,toxic or regulate insect growth.Integration of these products in forest pest management strategies would enhance the sustainability of forests and prevent the deterioration of wood quality.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31200419)the"Twelfth Five-Year Plan"Science and Technology Research Project of Jilin Provincial Department of Education(2015-366)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of Jilin Province(201610205043)
文摘A pot experiment was conducted by putting ameliorants,the products of plants fermented by lactobacillus,and sandy soil into alkaline-saline soil. After such blending,the soil physicochemical properties and the growth index of Alfalfa seedlings were measured in order to explore the influence of the blending on alkaline-saline soil and the growth of alfalfa seedlings. The results showed that soil p H decreased significantly after adding ameliorant; mixing ameliorant and sandy soil into alkaline-saline soil reduced soil evaporation and increased the germination rate of alfalfa seeds and their chlorophyll content as well as the seedling height,root length of alfalfa seedlings,but it had no significant effect on alfalfa seedlings' biomass and leaf number; besides,excessive ameliorant would inhibit the growth of alfalfa seedlings.
基金Supported by the Item of Benxi Meteorological Bureau,China(BQ201002)
文摘[Objective]The research aimed to study the response of plant climatic productivity to warming and drying tendency in Huanren in the past 58 years.[Method]Based on the temperature and precipitation data in Huanren from 1953 to 2010,using trend analysis,Thornthwaite Memorial model and Mann-Kendall detection method,change characteristics of climate and plant climatic productivity in Huanren were analyzed,and the regression evaluation model between plant climatic productivity and temperature and precipitation was established.[Result]Annual average temperature in Huanren presented a significant upward trend,and its linear tendency rate was 0.29℃/10 a;annual precipitation presented a decreasing trend,and its linear tendency rate was-13.29 mm/10 a;dryness presented a declining trend.The warming and drying trend was obvious in Huanren.Plant climatic productivity presented a significant increasing trend,and its linear tendency rate was 8.39 g/（m2·10 a）.Plant climatic productivity was closely related to precipitation and temperature.[Conclusion]The research could provide basis and reference for the adjustment of agricultural structure and sufficiently playing the advantages of climate resources in Huanren.
文摘Dry eye disease(DED),a chronic multifactorial illness of the ocular surface with itching,burning,irritation,eye fatigue and ocular inflammation,may result in potential damage,such as cornea and conjunctiva,and even decreased vision.With the global prevalence of DED on the rise,it is crucial to find treatment options with minimal side effects.Natural plant products have shown promise in alleviating DED symptoms and may serve as a potential approach for its treatment.However,their application as instilled drugs is limited by solubility,stability and biological barriers.This review summarizes recent studies(published in the last 5 years)on natural plant products and their derivatives for the treatment of DED,focusing on efficacy,mechanism,drug delivery systems.Meanwhile,their shortcomings are also discussed.By exploring these aspects,we find polyphenol,flavonoid and others natural plant products can effectively improve or treat DED by different mechanisms,and suitable delivery system and structural modification can enhance their therapeutic effect,suggesting they are likely to become candidates for the treatment of DED.
文摘Water control is a major problem in crop production, particularly in fragile ecosystems such as the Sahel. Water is the most important factor in plant productivity. Many initiatives have been developed in this direction, including all methods of irrigation and water and soil conservation. The objective of this work is to assess the effectiveness of this amendment in crop production in the context of climate variability. The methodology is based on experi<span>mentation to statistically compare the natural biomass on a soil of sil</span><span>ty-clay-sandy texture, divided into two blocks, one of which is amended with potassium polyacrylate and the other is not. This study showed that the wet and dry biomasses produced on soils with potassium polyacrylate are significantly higher than those produced on unamended soils at the 5% threshold. Based on these results, potassium polyacrylate may be a solution to recurrent dryness pockets. However, uncontrolled environmental testing is necessary to confirm these results.</span>
文摘In the delicate normative balance, at European Union （EU） level of the borderline products （i.e., between plant protectants and bio-fertilizers/bio-effectors） containing microbial consortia （MC） instead of single microbial strains, the most relevant factors influencing the categorization of the products are the intention of use, the cell density and the mode of action. For the latter, the basic difference between the two types of products is that a plant protectant has a targeted activity on plant pathogens, while a bio-fertilizer acts indirectly by nourishing and fortifying the host plant （healthier plant）, thus inducing a generalized resistance to the onset of pathological status, irrespective of its origin and nature. Case-studies are presented on the effectiveness of MC as bio-fertilizers/bio-effectors on different crops. Bio-fertilizers exhibit a double effect--biotic and abiotic, leading to the fortification of the crop plant linked to its more effective water and nutrient uptakes as well asto a generalized healthier status. This in turn leads to a higher resistance to diseases. In addition, bio-fertilizers play a relevant role on the reduction of environmental impacts due to chemical fertilizers, e.g., by facilitating the uptake of phosphorus （P）, thus reducing the need of P fertilization. Although finding a scientifically-based balance between regulatory need and marketing constraint is not always an easy task, the availability of scientific advancements combined to common sense should help in describing positive effects and risk profiles of MC in agriculture.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Researchin the Public Interest(20120304201)
文摘[ Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between each of planting density and row spacing and plant productivity of forage sweet sorghum planted in autumn idle land. [ Methods] Using split-plot experiment design experiment method and LSD method of IBM. SPSS. Statistics. v22 statistics software, the effects of planting density and row spacing on plant productivity of forage sweet sorghum planted in autumn idle land were compared. [ Result] The results showed that the planting density and row spacing had important influences on plant productivity of forage sweet sorghum planted in autumn idle land. Moreover, the optimal combination of plant productivity for A1B4 , i. e. ,under the combination of the planting density of 7.5 × 10^4 plants/hm^2 and the row spacing of 40 cm, the fresh weight and dry weight per plant were 654.37 and 147.11 g/plant, respectively. [ Conclusion ] The results provided a theoretical basis for the production of forage sweet sorghum in autumn idle land.
基金funded by the Netherlands’Ministry of Agriculture,Nature and Food Quality(BO-43-121-001).
文摘Plants edited with new genomic techniques(NGTs)currently fall under the Genetically Modified Organisms Directive(2001/18/EC)in the European Union.In the proposal of the European Commission,NGT plants are partially exempted from the regulations of this directive.The proposal makes a distinction between two categories of NGT plants:NGT-1 and NGT-2.NGT-1 category plants are considered equal to plants obtained through conventional breeding methods.These plants will not be labelled for the consumer,although they will be labelled as seeds.NGT-2 category plants may be labelled with additional information as a positive incentive.Labelling of seeds of varieties made with gene editing,but not the products,would mean that most steps in the production chain are transparent,but not the last step towards consumers.The“right to know”and increasing knowledge of gene-edited food is a common theme in food labelling towards consumers.Here,we describe current labelling regimes and registers and how these may be applied to provide transparency on gene-edited products to consumers.Furthermore,we also look into consumer studies,which indicate a greater acceptance of gene-edited food among consumers,especially when additional benefits such as sustainability are mentioned.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health R01(grant 5R01AT010593-03)the National Science Foundation TRTech-PGR(grant 2312181).
文摘The diversity of plant natural products presents a rich resource for accelerating drug discovery and addressing pressing human health issues.However,the challenges in accessing and cultivating source species,as well as metabolite structural complexity,and general low abundance present considerable hurdles in developing plant-derived therapeutics.Advances in high-throughput sequencing,genome assembly,gene synthesis,analytical technologies,and synthetic biology approaches,now enable us to efficiently identify and engineer enzymes and metabolic pathways for producing natural and new-to-nature therapeutics and drug candidates.This review highlights challenges and progress in plant natural product discovery and engineering by example of recent breakthroughs in identifying the missing enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the anti-cancer agent Taxol^(®).These enzyme resources offer new avenues for the bio-manufacture and semi-synthesis of an old blockbuster drug.
