【目的】检验SCOPE(Soil Canopy Observation of Photosynthesis and Energy fluxes)模型用于模拟樟子松人工林的日光诱导叶绿素荧光(sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence,SIF)和植被总初级生产力(gross primary productivity,GPP)动...【目的】检验SCOPE(Soil Canopy Observation of Photosynthesis and Energy fluxes)模型用于模拟樟子松人工林的日光诱导叶绿素荧光(sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence,SIF)和植被总初级生产力(gross primary productivity,GPP)动态变化的可能性。【方法】对科尔沁沙地南缘樟子松人工林,基于样地SIF、GPP及气象协同观测数据,利用SCOPE模型模拟SIF与GPP的日变化与季节变化,评估了SCOPE模型在典型晴天、典型多云日、整个观测期的模拟效果。【结果】结果显示,利用气象观测数据及冠层参数(入射短波辐射、气温、大气实际水汽压、CO_(2)浓度及叶面积指数),可驱动SCOPE模型模拟樟子松人工林的SIF与GPP。典型晴天日与多云日的SIF模拟值和实测值的R^(2)分别为0.42与0.52,RMSE分别为0.19与0.18 W·m^(-2)·μm^(-1)·sr^(-1);GPP模拟值和观测值的R^(2)分别为0.78与0.89,RMSE分别为1.87与2.57μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)。在季节尺度上,SIF和GPP模拟值和观测值的R^(2)分别为0.50、0.72,RMSE分别为0.19 W·m^(-2)·μm^(-1)·sr^(-1)和2.64μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)。在整个观测期,多云日的SIF(R^(2)=0.31,RMSE=0.22 W·m^(-2)·μm^(-1)·sr^(-1))与GPP(R^(2)=0.80,RMSE=2.42μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1))的模拟效果优于晴天日(SIF:R^(2)=0.30,RMSE=0.26 W·m^(-2)·μm^(-1)·sr^(-1),GPP:R^(2)=0.64,RMSE=3.64μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1))。SIF模拟值总体高于观测值,当SIF强度较低时易对SIF高估,反之则易低估。GPP的模拟精度较高,模型对较低与较高GPP有所低估,对中间值有所高估。【结论】SCOPE模型可用于日尺度与季节尺度的SIF与GPP模拟,且多云日的模拟精度更高。SCOPE模型对樟子松人工林的GPP模拟结果优于SIF,推测SIF模拟精度较低的原因可能是模型对SIF的模拟是基于阔叶植物的辐射传输过程。未来应发展针对针叶植物的SIF辐射传输模型,为针叶林的辐射传输与荧光遥感监测提供模型基础。展开更多
In recent years, the work of quality supervision and production safety of aquatic products in Nanjing City has been carried out rapidly, and the system of "origin exit, market access, sign traceability, real-time...In recent years, the work of quality supervision and production safety of aquatic products in Nanjing City has been carried out rapidly, and the system of "origin exit, market access, sign traceability, real-time monitoring" has been basically formed, initially realizing the whole-process monitoring on the quality safety of aquatic products from "pond to table". We take the current situation of quality supervision and production safety of aquatic products in Nanjing City as the study object, take the basic work of supervision on aquatic products in Nanjing City and advancing both in scope and in depth as breakthrough point, to sum up the results achieved in the work of quality supervision and production safety of aquatic products in Nanjing City in recent years; make initial exploration and research, in order to consolidate the existing achievements, and further enhance the level of supervision on quality safety of aquatic products in Nanjing City.展开更多
圆筒型浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)通常在主甲板与工艺甲板间采用挡浪墙结构,但在高海况下容易遭受强浪砰击。为了设计兼顾强度要求与重量控制的挡浪墙,以流花11-1油田二次开发项目采用的圆筒...圆筒型浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)通常在主甲板与工艺甲板间采用挡浪墙结构,但在高海况下容易遭受强浪砰击。为了设计兼顾强度要求与重量控制的挡浪墙,以流花11-1油田二次开发项目采用的圆筒型FPSO为例,运用理论计算与有限元分析相互结合的方法,将局部计算模型体量设定为优化目标,把采用各异边界条件当作优化途径,提出一种可兼顾设计效率与计算精准性的外飘挡浪墙结构分析方法。明确以6 m×6 m的最小区域作为挡浪墙局部校核时砰击载荷的加载范围,并外延至相邻1档强肋位区间,以此作为模型的选定范围。该方案在现有工程实践中得到成功应用,亦可为类似结构设计工作提供有益借鉴。展开更多
基金Supported by Nanjing Science and Technology Plan Project (2008701S)
文摘In recent years, the work of quality supervision and production safety of aquatic products in Nanjing City has been carried out rapidly, and the system of "origin exit, market access, sign traceability, real-time monitoring" has been basically formed, initially realizing the whole-process monitoring on the quality safety of aquatic products from "pond to table". We take the current situation of quality supervision and production safety of aquatic products in Nanjing City as the study object, take the basic work of supervision on aquatic products in Nanjing City and advancing both in scope and in depth as breakthrough point, to sum up the results achieved in the work of quality supervision and production safety of aquatic products in Nanjing City in recent years; make initial exploration and research, in order to consolidate the existing achievements, and further enhance the level of supervision on quality safety of aquatic products in Nanjing City.
文摘圆筒型浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)通常在主甲板与工艺甲板间采用挡浪墙结构,但在高海况下容易遭受强浪砰击。为了设计兼顾强度要求与重量控制的挡浪墙,以流花11-1油田二次开发项目采用的圆筒型FPSO为例,运用理论计算与有限元分析相互结合的方法,将局部计算模型体量设定为优化目标,把采用各异边界条件当作优化途径,提出一种可兼顾设计效率与计算精准性的外飘挡浪墙结构分析方法。明确以6 m×6 m的最小区域作为挡浪墙局部校核时砰击载荷的加载范围,并外延至相邻1档强肋位区间,以此作为模型的选定范围。该方案在现有工程实践中得到成功应用,亦可为类似结构设计工作提供有益借鉴。
