This paper focuses on the procurement of construction projects in universities,conducting research on the influencing factors of procurement risks in such projects.By combining questionnaire surveys with expert interv...This paper focuses on the procurement of construction projects in universities,conducting research on the influencing factors of procurement risks in such projects.By combining questionnaire surveys with expert interviews,numerous factors affecting procurement are analyzed.Subsequently,these factors are refined and summarized to construct a procurement risk evaluation index system for construction projects,which includes three first-level indicators,such as process management risk and ethical/legal risk,and is further subdivided into 13 second-level indicators.展开更多
Objective To establish a scientific,reliable,objective,and effective clinical comprehensive evaluation system for drugs centralized bidding procurement by government,and to conduct reliability and validity test and em...Objective To establish a scientific,reliable,objective,and effective clinical comprehensive evaluation system for drugs centralized bidding procurement by government,and to conduct reliability and validity test and empirical analysis of the evaluation index system through simulated measurement.Methods Literature research method was used to select comprehensive evaluation indicators for drugs centralized bidding procurement.Then,Dephi method was applied to screen the final evaluation indicators,and the weight of the indicators was determined using analytic hierarchy process.Results and Conclusion The final clinical efficacy evaluation index system for drugs centralized bidding procurement includes 5 primary indicators and 13 secondary indicators.The experts authority coefficient in this study is high,and their opinions relatively coincide.Through the empirical research,the reliability and structural validity of the indicator system is good.This indicator system enriches methods and tools for scientifically evaluating the clinical efficacy of drugs centralized bidding procurement.展开更多
With the acceleration of the global digital wave,enterprise procurement management is facing multiple challenges such as cost pressure,supply chain collaboration demand,and insufficient information ability.Based on dy...With the acceleration of the global digital wave,enterprise procurement management is facing multiple challenges such as cost pressure,supply chain collaboration demand,and insufficient information ability.Based on dynamic capability theory,resource-based view,and value chain theory,this paper constructs a four-level research framework of“driving factors-transformation paths-strategic actions-performance evaluation”.Firstly,through literature analysis and case review,it summarizes the internal and external driving factors such as external market competition pressure,supply chain coordination demand,policy and regulatory environment,as well as enterprise information foundation,organizational culture,and talent reserve,and analyzes their mechanism of action on procurement digital transformation.Secondly,the procurement digital transformation path is divided into two types:gradual upgrading and leap-forward reconstruction,and the strategic and tactical level strategies,such as top-level design,data governance,process remodeling,supplier collaboration platform construction,and intelligent decision support,are proposed.Thirdly,the implementation guarantee mechanism was designed from the four aspects of organization management,technology platform,talent culture,and risk control.Finally,the performance evaluation index system covering cost,cycle,quality,risk,and digital maturity was constructed,and the evaluation method and continuous improvement mechanism based on balanced scorecard and ROI/TCO analysis were proposed.The results show that the systematic strategy design and multi-dimensional guarantee can effectively improve the procurement efficiency of enterprises,reduce operating costs,enhance supply chain resilience,and provide theoretical and practical guidance for enterprises to achieve sustainable competitive advantage.展开更多
Objective To quantitatively analyze the policy of centralized drug procurement centralized drug procurement in order to provide reference for the subsequent policy formulation and improvement.Methods Text mining metho...Objective To quantitatively analyze the policy of centralized drug procurement centralized drug procurement in order to provide reference for the subsequent policy formulation and improvement.Methods Text mining method was used to process 15 centralized drugs procurement policies issued at the national level during 2015-2022,and a PMC index evaluation model of centralized drug procurement policies was established.Then,15 centralized drug procurement policies were quantitatively analyzed from the overall and comparative perspective through an evaluation model.Results and Conclusion The average PMC index of 15 centralized drug procurement policies was 6.95,which was acceptable on the whole.Among them,eight were excellent and seven were acceptable.As to the first-order variables,the centralized drugs procurement policy still lacks incentives and constraints.The comparative results show that there are differences in the content and structure of policies,but they are strongly related to each other.Chinese centralized drug procurement policy has been basically formed,which is closely related to medical insurance and medical policies.However,it is still necessary to pay attention to the structure of the policy to ensure the elaboration of the policy content.展开更多
There is a perception in the public, political, and trade discourse that private sector procurement performs ＂better＂ than does public sector procurement. This research considers whether this perception is justified...There is a perception in the public, political, and trade discourse that private sector procurement performs ＂better＂ than does public sector procurement. This research considers whether this perception is justified. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for assessing issues that influence procurement performance. The framework takes into account the organization＇s business goals, its procurement principles, the design of its procurement capability, the intellectual capital or knowledge that is used to support procurement operations, and the use of knowledge management methods. To represent these factors, the framework adapts the conceptual framework proposed by McElroy （2002）, leverages Andriessen＇s （2005） characterization of intellectual capital, and adopts Bedford＇s （2012） description of the practice of knowledge management. The results, though preliminary and exploratory, suggest that factors which are more often practiced in the private sector than the public sector contribute to higher performance.展开更多
The centralized procurement of drugs in the medical system is a key link,which not only affects the economic effect of institutions,but also relates to the medical quality and patient safety.In the current era,central...The centralized procurement of drugs in the medical system is a key link,which not only affects the economic effect of institutions,but also relates to the medical quality and patient safety.In the current era,centralized drug procurement in hospitals can meet the needs of most patients;however,the specific steps of the work still need to be optimized.Starting from the level of hospital drug centralized procurement work,this paper discusses the policy background,analyzes the practice of drug centralized procurement in tertiary hospitals,and provides specific work management suggestions,aiming to improve work efficiency and serve as a reference for optimizing subsequent hospital drug centralized procurement work.展开更多
Background:Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide.This study aims to explore the impact of national volume-based procurement(NVBP)on Chinese patent medicines and provide ev...Background:Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide.This study aims to explore the impact of national volume-based procurement(NVBP)on Chinese patent medicines and provide evidence for improving policies and promoting rational drug use.Methods:The study was based on data from the China National Health Insurance Agency that spanned January 2019 to December 2020.Descriptive analysis was conducted using volume and expenditure as variables.Interrupted time series analysis was applied to further analyze Chinese patent medicines.Results:The unit prices of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin decreased by 25%-96%,whereas the prices of Zhibitai and Xuezhikang fluctuated slightly.The affordability is measured as the monthly expenditure on treatment divided by the daily wage.After policy implementation,the affordability of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin improved from 0.242 to 0.014 and from 0.247 to 0.019,respectively.The defined daily doses(DDDs)for atorvastatin and rosuvastatin also increased,whereas total expenditures decreased in hospitals of all levels.Both at the national level and at all levels of hospital,the policy had no significant impact on expenditures for Zhibitai and Xuezhikang and their defined daily doses.Conclusions:The NVBP saved costs in the short term by incorporating high-quality,widely used lipid-lowering drugs.Notably,the policy impacted lipid-lowering chemical drugs,whereas Chinese patent medicines remained largely unaffected.Doctors'use of Chinese patent medicines did not decline,highlighting the clinical specificity of these medicines.展开更多
Objective To construct an index system for evaluating the policy effect of centralized drug procurement,and to provide reference for comprehensively and systematically evaluating the policy of centralized drug procure...Objective To construct an index system for evaluating the policy effect of centralized drug procurement,and to provide reference for comprehensively and systematically evaluating the policy of centralized drug procurement.Methods Through combing the policies and literature research,the focus and expected goal of China’s centralized drug procurement policy were clarified.On the basis of policy concerns,combined with some theories and the implementation of drug centralized procurement policy,a primary evaluation index system was constructed.The index system was determined by expert consultation,and the weight of each index was calculated by analytic hierarchy process.Results and Conclusion The questionnaire recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultation were 88.23%and 100%,the coefficients of authority of experts were 0.86 and 0.80,and the expert coordination coefficients were 0.338 and 0.294,respectively.Finally,the evaluation index system for the policy of centralized drug procurement was established,which included 4 first-level indicators,10 second-level indicators and 23 third-level indicators.The evaluation index system constructed in this paper can not only make up for the deficiency of systematic evaluation of the policy effect of the current centralized drug procurement,but also provide reference for further improving this policy.展开更多
In the project procurement management process of telecommunication enterprises,due to the complexity of technology,the professional procurement project manager is responsible for the whole process of professional proc...In the project procurement management process of telecommunication enterprises,due to the complexity of technology,the professional procurement project manager is responsible for the whole process of professional procurement in a one-stop way.The integration of this management process superficially improves labor productivity,but in essence lacks effective checks and balances and supervision.In order to supervise the project procurement management process and ensure the legal compliance of procurement management,this paper studies the project procurement management process of telecommunication enterprises,proposes the optimization process of project procurement management in the segmentation of purchasing manager-business manager,and constructs a matrix project procurement management model,which will contribute to the overall improvement of the telecommunication enterprises’procurement performance.展开更多
Background:Acquiring relevant information about procurement targets is fundamental to procuring medical devices.Although traditional Natural Language Processing(NLP)and Machine Learning(ML)methods have improved inform...Background:Acquiring relevant information about procurement targets is fundamental to procuring medical devices.Although traditional Natural Language Processing(NLP)and Machine Learning(ML)methods have improved information retrieval efficiency to a certain extent,they exhibit significant limitations in adaptability and accuracy when dealing with procurement documents characterized by diverse formats and a high degree of unstructured content.The emergence of Large Language Models(LLMs)offers new possibilities for efficient procurement information processing and extraction.Methods:This study collected procurement transaction documents from public procurement websites,and proposed a procurement Information Extraction(IE)method based on LLMs.Unlike traditional approaches,this study systematically explores the applicability of LLMs in both structured and unstructured entities in procurement documents,addressing the challenges posed by format variability and content complexity.Furthermore,an optimized prompt framework tailored for procurement document extraction tasks is developed to enhance the accuracy and robustness of IE.The aim is to process and extract key information from medical device procurement quickly and accurately,meeting stakeholders'demands for precision and timeliness in information retrieval.Results:Experimental results demonstrate that,compared to traditional methods,the proposed approach achieves an F1 Score of 0.9698,representing a 4.85%improvement over the best baseline model.Moreover,both recall and precision rates are close to 97%,significantly outperforming other models and exhibiting exceptional overall recognition capabilities.Notably,further analysis reveals that the proposed method consistently maintains high performance across both structured and unstructured entities in procurement documents while balancing recall and precision effectively,demonstrating its adaptability in handling varying document formats.The results of ablation experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed prompting strategy.Conclusion:Additionally,this study explores the challenges and potential improvements of the proposed method in IE tasks and provides insights into its feasibility for real-world deployment and application directions,further clarifying its adaptability and value.This method not only exhibits significant advantages in medical device procurement but also holds promise for providing new approaches to information processing and decision support in various domains.展开更多
Objective: to analyze the application value of PDCA (Plan-do-check-act) management model in hospital centralized procurement quality management. Methods: from January 2019 to June 2020, our hospital began to apply PDC...Objective: to analyze the application value of PDCA (Plan-do-check-act) management model in hospital centralized procurement quality management. Methods: from January 2019 to June 2020, our hospital began to apply PDCA management model to the quality management of hospital centralized procurement. By using the basic process of planning-implementation-inspection-improvement, and establishing and further optimizing the procurement organization at the organizational level, further formulating and revising the procurement system for the procurement system, centralized procurement and organizing bidding at the operational level. Results: through the application of PDCA management mode, the procurement process can be optimized and necessary optimization can be made for the procurement process, with a significant overall effect. Through the application of PDCA, the procurement task was completed to 100%, and the procurement cost was saved by more than 11.70%, while the quality and satisfaction of the hospital demand department to the purchased products reached 99.67%. Conclusion: the application of PDCA management model in hospital centralized procurement is particularly critical to improve the quality of procurement, which can achieve the objectives of saving procurement costs, improving the quality of purchased products and procurement satisfaction.展开更多
In order to make the supply chain select the best emergency procurement suppliers in case the procurement system encounters unexpected risks,six indices which can reflect the comprehensive abilities of alternative sup...In order to make the supply chain select the best emergency procurement suppliers in case the procurement system encounters unexpected risks,six indices which can reflect the comprehensive abilities of alternative suppliers are selected,i.e.,the product yield,the toll standard,the on-time-delivery rate,the rate of turnover industry experience and customer satisfaction.Then standardized processing of evaluation is performed.For quantitative indices,vector normalization is adopted to perform standardized processing,and qualitative fuzziness indices are quantified through assignment.Finally,each index can be transformed into a standardized mark which has dimensionless 1 and the same magnitude.And an expert method is used to determine the index weights and then the linear weighted sum method is used to calculate the alternative supplier's comprehensive ability score and by comparing these scores,the optimal emergency procurement supplier is selected.展开更多
AIM:To determine the incidence of surgical injury during deceased donor organ procurements.METHODS:Organ damage was classified into three tiers,from 1-3,with the latter rendering the organ nontransplantable.For 12 con...AIM:To determine the incidence of surgical injury during deceased donor organ procurements.METHODS:Organ damage was classified into three tiers,from 1-3,with the latter rendering the organ nontransplantable.For 12 consecutive months starting in January of 2014,36 of 58 organ procurement organization's(OPO)'s prospectively submitted quality data regarding organ damage(as reported by the transplanting surgeon and confirmed by the OPO medical director)seen on the procured organ.RESULTS:These 36 OPOs recovered 5401 of the nations's 8504 deceased donors for calendar year 2014.A total of 19043 organs procured were prospectively analyzed.Of this total,59 organs sustained damage making them non-transplantable(0 intestines;4 pancreata;5 lungs;6 livers;43 kidneys).The class 3 damage was spread over 22(of 36)reporting OPO's.CONCLUSION:While damage to the procured organ is rare with organ loss being approximately 0.3%of procured organs,loss of potential transplantable organs does occur during procurement.展开更多
The public procurement market is classified as one of the most important segments of the world economy with share of 7-18%in the world GDP.The importance of this segment leads to continuous liberalization.Despite the ...The public procurement market is classified as one of the most important segments of the world economy with share of 7-18%in the world GDP.The importance of this segment leads to continuous liberalization.Despite the existing legislative framework,the share of cross-border public procurement remains limited due to several obstacles including discrimination in public procurement that was raised by governments as one of the non-tariff barriers to international trade.Surveys of the European Commission or the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development(EBRD)indicate that there are many other obstacles to entry to international public procurement markets.These obstacles are discussed in the first chapter of this article.The goal of this paper is to review aspects of international public procurement regulation and find ways of eliminating the obstacles through this regulation.Therefore,the second,third,and fourth chapters of the paper analyse the WTO Government Procurement Agreement(GPA),the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law(UNCITRAL)Model Law on Public Procurement,and the role of regional trade agreements.展开更多
Traditional procurement management actually adopts an inventory theory procurement system, that is to say, procurement to meet the inventory. However, in the development process of China's construction projects, t...Traditional procurement management actually adopts an inventory theory procurement system, that is to say, procurement to meet the inventory. However, in the development process of China's construction projects, the application of engineering procurement theory is relatively backward. The deepening of China's reform and opening-up process and the continuous improvement of modern information technology have further developed and improved the theory of engineering procurement management. In the specific management process, some novel and advanced management modes are sought and innovated to make them more in line with the procurement management requirements of engineering materials and provide convenience for the smooth development of engineering projects. The application of procurement management model based on supply chain management has created a good foundation for the procurement management innovation of the whole project and provided a corresponding reference for the engineering procurement management of modern oil enterprises. This paper studies this issue, firstly understanding the main characteristics of material procurement of oil engineering projects, analyzing the existing problems, and discussing the specific material procurement management innovation model based on supply chain management.展开更多
With the continuous development of the domestic natural gas market and the increasing trend of group operation of city gas enterprises, each large and medium-sized gas group enterprise cannot achieve cost reduction, e...With the continuous development of the domestic natural gas market and the increasing trend of group operation of city gas enterprises, each large and medium-sized gas group enterprise cannot achieve cost reduction, efficiency improvement and market competitiveness without an efficient centralized procurement system. However, the centralized procurement mode of gas enterprises has gradually deepened from the simple bundle procurement to the standardized and scientific centralized procurement supply chain mode. Based on the summary and analysis of the material centralized purchase mode of a medium-sized city gas group in recent ten years, this paper further explores the idea of the construction of centralized purchase supply chain.展开更多
In recent years,the usage,management and benefit of large-scale scientific research instruments and equipment in scientific research institutes have been a leading issue in the management of scientific research instit...In recent years,the usage,management and benefit of large-scale scientific research instruments and equipment in scientific research institutes have been a leading issue in the management of scientific research institutes.Within the scope of equipment budget,it is necessary for each equipment acquisition team to conduct a round of communication,coordination and negotiation with suppliers in order to improve the cost performance of equipment procurement and maximize the performance index to meet the needs of scientific research.By introducing the practical experience of the State Key Laboratory in purchasing imported equipment and managing large-scale instruments,this paper probes into the management process of the imported large-scale scientific research tax-free equipment of scientific research institutes,and explores the system and methods to guarantee and improve the efficiency of large-scale instruments in scientific research institutes from the aspects of policy,funds and technology.展开更多
Sustainable development and environmental protection are the themes of the day. One popular policy tool that government uses to promote sustainable development and to protect the environment is green public procuremen...Sustainable development and environmental protection are the themes of the day. One popular policy tool that government uses to promote sustainable development and to protect the environment is green public procurement. Chinese government established its public procurement system in the late 1990s. It has moved to implement green procurement since 2004. In this paper, the authors will first trace the development of Chinese green public procurement program. The authors will then examine the issues involved in its implementation and make suggestions as to how to make green public procurement program more effective. This is one of the first papers examining China’s green public procurement program.展开更多
This paper presents a Game-theoretic optimization via Parallel Min-Max Ant System(PMMAS)algorithm is used in practice to determine the Nash equilibrium value to resolve the confusion in choosing appropriate bidders of...This paper presents a Game-theoretic optimization via Parallel Min-Max Ant System(PMMAS)algorithm is used in practice to determine the Nash equilibrium value to resolve the confusion in choosing appropriate bidders of multi-round procurement problem in software project management.To this end,we introduce an approach that proposes:(i)A Game-theoretic model of multiround procurement problem(ii)A Nash equilibrium strategy corresponds to multi-round strategy bid(iii)An application of PSO for the determination of global Nash equilibrium.The balance point in Nash Equilibrium can help to maintain a sustainable structure not only in terms of project management but also in terms of future cooperation.As an alternative of procuring entities subjectively,a methodology to support decision making has been studied using Nash equilibrium to create a balance point on benefit in procurement where buyers and suppliers need multiple rounds of bidding.Our goal focus on the balance point in Nash Equilibrium to optimizing bidder selection in multi-round procurement which is the most beneficial for both investors and selected tenderers.Our PMMAS algorithm is implemented based on MPI(message passing interface)to find the approximate optimal solution for the question of how to choose bidders and ensure a path for a win-win relationship of all participants in the procurement process.We also evaluate the speedup ratio and parallel efficiency between our algorithm and other proposed algorithms.As the experiment results,the high feasibility and effectiveness of the PMMAS algorithm are verified.展开更多
文摘This paper focuses on the procurement of construction projects in universities,conducting research on the influencing factors of procurement risks in such projects.By combining questionnaire surveys with expert interviews,numerous factors affecting procurement are analyzed.Subsequently,these factors are refined and summarized to construct a procurement risk evaluation index system for construction projects,which includes three first-level indicators,such as process management risk and ethical/legal risk,and is further subdivided into 13 second-level indicators.
文摘Objective To establish a scientific,reliable,objective,and effective clinical comprehensive evaluation system for drugs centralized bidding procurement by government,and to conduct reliability and validity test and empirical analysis of the evaluation index system through simulated measurement.Methods Literature research method was used to select comprehensive evaluation indicators for drugs centralized bidding procurement.Then,Dephi method was applied to screen the final evaluation indicators,and the weight of the indicators was determined using analytic hierarchy process.Results and Conclusion The final clinical efficacy evaluation index system for drugs centralized bidding procurement includes 5 primary indicators and 13 secondary indicators.The experts authority coefficient in this study is high,and their opinions relatively coincide.Through the empirical research,the reliability and structural validity of the indicator system is good.This indicator system enriches methods and tools for scientifically evaluating the clinical efficacy of drugs centralized bidding procurement.
文摘With the acceleration of the global digital wave,enterprise procurement management is facing multiple challenges such as cost pressure,supply chain collaboration demand,and insufficient information ability.Based on dynamic capability theory,resource-based view,and value chain theory,this paper constructs a four-level research framework of“driving factors-transformation paths-strategic actions-performance evaluation”.Firstly,through literature analysis and case review,it summarizes the internal and external driving factors such as external market competition pressure,supply chain coordination demand,policy and regulatory environment,as well as enterprise information foundation,organizational culture,and talent reserve,and analyzes their mechanism of action on procurement digital transformation.Secondly,the procurement digital transformation path is divided into two types:gradual upgrading and leap-forward reconstruction,and the strategic and tactical level strategies,such as top-level design,data governance,process remodeling,supplier collaboration platform construction,and intelligent decision support,are proposed.Thirdly,the implementation guarantee mechanism was designed from the four aspects of organization management,technology platform,talent culture,and risk control.Finally,the performance evaluation index system covering cost,cycle,quality,risk,and digital maturity was constructed,and the evaluation method and continuous improvement mechanism based on balanced scorecard and ROI/TCO analysis were proposed.The results show that the systematic strategy design and multi-dimensional guarantee can effectively improve the procurement efficiency of enterprises,reduce operating costs,enhance supply chain resilience,and provide theoretical and practical guidance for enterprises to achieve sustainable competitive advantage.
文摘Objective To quantitatively analyze the policy of centralized drug procurement centralized drug procurement in order to provide reference for the subsequent policy formulation and improvement.Methods Text mining method was used to process 15 centralized drugs procurement policies issued at the national level during 2015-2022,and a PMC index evaluation model of centralized drug procurement policies was established.Then,15 centralized drug procurement policies were quantitatively analyzed from the overall and comparative perspective through an evaluation model.Results and Conclusion The average PMC index of 15 centralized drug procurement policies was 6.95,which was acceptable on the whole.Among them,eight were excellent and seven were acceptable.As to the first-order variables,the centralized drugs procurement policy still lacks incentives and constraints.The comparative results show that there are differences in the content and structure of policies,but they are strongly related to each other.Chinese centralized drug procurement policy has been basically formed,which is closely related to medical insurance and medical policies.However,it is still necessary to pay attention to the structure of the policy to ensure the elaboration of the policy content.
文摘There is a perception in the public, political, and trade discourse that private sector procurement performs ＂better＂ than does public sector procurement. This research considers whether this perception is justified. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for assessing issues that influence procurement performance. The framework takes into account the organization＇s business goals, its procurement principles, the design of its procurement capability, the intellectual capital or knowledge that is used to support procurement operations, and the use of knowledge management methods. To represent these factors, the framework adapts the conceptual framework proposed by McElroy （2002）, leverages Andriessen＇s （2005） characterization of intellectual capital, and adopts Bedford＇s （2012） description of the practice of knowledge management. The results, though preliminary and exploratory, suggest that factors which are more often practiced in the private sector than the public sector contribute to higher performance.
文摘The centralized procurement of drugs in the medical system is a key link,which not only affects the economic effect of institutions,but also relates to the medical quality and patient safety.In the current era,centralized drug procurement in hospitals can meet the needs of most patients;however,the specific steps of the work still need to be optimized.Starting from the level of hospital drug centralized procurement work,this paper discusses the policy background,analyzes the practice of drug centralized procurement in tertiary hospitals,and provides specific work management suggestions,aiming to improve work efficiency and serve as a reference for optimizing subsequent hospital drug centralized procurement work.
基金funded by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(grant number 9232010)Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research(grant number 2022-2-4079).
文摘Background:Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide.This study aims to explore the impact of national volume-based procurement(NVBP)on Chinese patent medicines and provide evidence for improving policies and promoting rational drug use.Methods:The study was based on data from the China National Health Insurance Agency that spanned January 2019 to December 2020.Descriptive analysis was conducted using volume and expenditure as variables.Interrupted time series analysis was applied to further analyze Chinese patent medicines.Results:The unit prices of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin decreased by 25%-96%,whereas the prices of Zhibitai and Xuezhikang fluctuated slightly.The affordability is measured as the monthly expenditure on treatment divided by the daily wage.After policy implementation,the affordability of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin improved from 0.242 to 0.014 and from 0.247 to 0.019,respectively.The defined daily doses(DDDs)for atorvastatin and rosuvastatin also increased,whereas total expenditures decreased in hospitals of all levels.Both at the national level and at all levels of hospital,the policy had no significant impact on expenditures for Zhibitai and Xuezhikang and their defined daily doses.Conclusions:The NVBP saved costs in the short term by incorporating high-quality,widely used lipid-lowering drugs.Notably,the policy impacted lipid-lowering chemical drugs,whereas Chinese patent medicines remained largely unaffected.Doctors'use of Chinese patent medicines did not decline,highlighting the clinical specificity of these medicines.
文摘Objective To construct an index system for evaluating the policy effect of centralized drug procurement,and to provide reference for comprehensively and systematically evaluating the policy of centralized drug procurement.Methods Through combing the policies and literature research,the focus and expected goal of China’s centralized drug procurement policy were clarified.On the basis of policy concerns,combined with some theories and the implementation of drug centralized procurement policy,a primary evaluation index system was constructed.The index system was determined by expert consultation,and the weight of each index was calculated by analytic hierarchy process.Results and Conclusion The questionnaire recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultation were 88.23%and 100%,the coefficients of authority of experts were 0.86 and 0.80,and the expert coordination coefficients were 0.338 and 0.294,respectively.Finally,the evaluation index system for the policy of centralized drug procurement was established,which included 4 first-level indicators,10 second-level indicators and 23 third-level indicators.The evaluation index system constructed in this paper can not only make up for the deficiency of systematic evaluation of the policy effect of the current centralized drug procurement,but also provide reference for further improving this policy.
文摘In the project procurement management process of telecommunication enterprises,due to the complexity of technology,the professional procurement project manager is responsible for the whole process of professional procurement in a one-stop way.The integration of this management process superficially improves labor productivity,but in essence lacks effective checks and balances and supervision.In order to supervise the project procurement management process and ensure the legal compliance of procurement management,this paper studies the project procurement management process of telecommunication enterprises,proposes the optimization process of project procurement management in the segmentation of purchasing manager-business manager,and constructs a matrix project procurement management model,which will contribute to the overall improvement of the telecommunication enterprises’procurement performance.
文摘Background:Acquiring relevant information about procurement targets is fundamental to procuring medical devices.Although traditional Natural Language Processing(NLP)and Machine Learning(ML)methods have improved information retrieval efficiency to a certain extent,they exhibit significant limitations in adaptability and accuracy when dealing with procurement documents characterized by diverse formats and a high degree of unstructured content.The emergence of Large Language Models(LLMs)offers new possibilities for efficient procurement information processing and extraction.Methods:This study collected procurement transaction documents from public procurement websites,and proposed a procurement Information Extraction(IE)method based on LLMs.Unlike traditional approaches,this study systematically explores the applicability of LLMs in both structured and unstructured entities in procurement documents,addressing the challenges posed by format variability and content complexity.Furthermore,an optimized prompt framework tailored for procurement document extraction tasks is developed to enhance the accuracy and robustness of IE.The aim is to process and extract key information from medical device procurement quickly and accurately,meeting stakeholders'demands for precision and timeliness in information retrieval.Results:Experimental results demonstrate that,compared to traditional methods,the proposed approach achieves an F1 Score of 0.9698,representing a 4.85%improvement over the best baseline model.Moreover,both recall and precision rates are close to 97%,significantly outperforming other models and exhibiting exceptional overall recognition capabilities.Notably,further analysis reveals that the proposed method consistently maintains high performance across both structured and unstructured entities in procurement documents while balancing recall and precision effectively,demonstrating its adaptability in handling varying document formats.The results of ablation experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed prompting strategy.Conclusion:Additionally,this study explores the challenges and potential improvements of the proposed method in IE tasks and provides insights into its feasibility for real-world deployment and application directions,further clarifying its adaptability and value.This method not only exhibits significant advantages in medical device procurement but also holds promise for providing new approaches to information processing and decision support in various domains.
文摘Objective: to analyze the application value of PDCA (Plan-do-check-act) management model in hospital centralized procurement quality management. Methods: from January 2019 to June 2020, our hospital began to apply PDCA management model to the quality management of hospital centralized procurement. By using the basic process of planning-implementation-inspection-improvement, and establishing and further optimizing the procurement organization at the organizational level, further formulating and revising the procurement system for the procurement system, centralized procurement and organizing bidding at the operational level. Results: through the application of PDCA management mode, the procurement process can be optimized and necessary optimization can be made for the procurement process, with a significant overall effect. Through the application of PDCA, the procurement task was completed to 100%, and the procurement cost was saved by more than 11.70%, while the quality and satisfaction of the hospital demand department to the purchased products reached 99.67%. Conclusion: the application of PDCA management model in hospital centralized procurement is particularly critical to improve the quality of procurement, which can achieve the objectives of saving procurement costs, improving the quality of purchased products and procurement satisfaction.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2006BAH02A06)
文摘In order to make the supply chain select the best emergency procurement suppliers in case the procurement system encounters unexpected risks,six indices which can reflect the comprehensive abilities of alternative suppliers are selected,i.e.,the product yield,the toll standard,the on-time-delivery rate,the rate of turnover industry experience and customer satisfaction.Then standardized processing of evaluation is performed.For quantitative indices,vector normalization is adopted to perform standardized processing,and qualitative fuzziness indices are quantified through assignment.Finally,each index can be transformed into a standardized mark which has dimensionless 1 and the same magnitude.And an expert method is used to determine the index weights and then the linear weighted sum method is used to calculate the alternative supplier's comprehensive ability score and by comparing these scores,the optimal emergency procurement supplier is selected.
文摘AIM:To determine the incidence of surgical injury during deceased donor organ procurements.METHODS:Organ damage was classified into three tiers,from 1-3,with the latter rendering the organ nontransplantable.For 12 consecutive months starting in January of 2014,36 of 58 organ procurement organization's(OPO)'s prospectively submitted quality data regarding organ damage(as reported by the transplanting surgeon and confirmed by the OPO medical director)seen on the procured organ.RESULTS:These 36 OPOs recovered 5401 of the nations's 8504 deceased donors for calendar year 2014.A total of 19043 organs procured were prospectively analyzed.Of this total,59 organs sustained damage making them non-transplantable(0 intestines;4 pancreata;5 lungs;6 livers;43 kidneys).The class 3 damage was spread over 22(of 36)reporting OPO's.CONCLUSION:While damage to the procured organ is rare with organ loss being approximately 0.3%of procured organs,loss of potential transplantable organs does occur during procurement.
基金This research paper is a part of the research project F2/70/2018“Preshranicni verejné zakázky―analýza mezinárodního prostredia prekazky v zapojeníceskych firem”supported by the Internal Grant Agency(IGA)of the University of Economics,Prague.
文摘The public procurement market is classified as one of the most important segments of the world economy with share of 7-18%in the world GDP.The importance of this segment leads to continuous liberalization.Despite the existing legislative framework,the share of cross-border public procurement remains limited due to several obstacles including discrimination in public procurement that was raised by governments as one of the non-tariff barriers to international trade.Surveys of the European Commission or the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development(EBRD)indicate that there are many other obstacles to entry to international public procurement markets.These obstacles are discussed in the first chapter of this article.The goal of this paper is to review aspects of international public procurement regulation and find ways of eliminating the obstacles through this regulation.Therefore,the second,third,and fourth chapters of the paper analyse the WTO Government Procurement Agreement(GPA),the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law(UNCITRAL)Model Law on Public Procurement,and the role of regional trade agreements.
文摘Traditional procurement management actually adopts an inventory theory procurement system, that is to say, procurement to meet the inventory. However, in the development process of China's construction projects, the application of engineering procurement theory is relatively backward. The deepening of China's reform and opening-up process and the continuous improvement of modern information technology have further developed and improved the theory of engineering procurement management. In the specific management process, some novel and advanced management modes are sought and innovated to make them more in line with the procurement management requirements of engineering materials and provide convenience for the smooth development of engineering projects. The application of procurement management model based on supply chain management has created a good foundation for the procurement management innovation of the whole project and provided a corresponding reference for the engineering procurement management of modern oil enterprises. This paper studies this issue, firstly understanding the main characteristics of material procurement of oil engineering projects, analyzing the existing problems, and discussing the specific material procurement management innovation model based on supply chain management.
文摘With the continuous development of the domestic natural gas market and the increasing trend of group operation of city gas enterprises, each large and medium-sized gas group enterprise cannot achieve cost reduction, efficiency improvement and market competitiveness without an efficient centralized procurement system. However, the centralized procurement mode of gas enterprises has gradually deepened from the simple bundle procurement to the standardized and scientific centralized procurement supply chain mode. Based on the summary and analysis of the material centralized purchase mode of a medium-sized city gas group in recent ten years, this paper further explores the idea of the construction of centralized purchase supply chain.
文摘In recent years,the usage,management and benefit of large-scale scientific research instruments and equipment in scientific research institutes have been a leading issue in the management of scientific research institutes.Within the scope of equipment budget,it is necessary for each equipment acquisition team to conduct a round of communication,coordination and negotiation with suppliers in order to improve the cost performance of equipment procurement and maximize the performance index to meet the needs of scientific research.By introducing the practical experience of the State Key Laboratory in purchasing imported equipment and managing large-scale instruments,this paper probes into the management process of the imported large-scale scientific research tax-free equipment of scientific research institutes,and explores the system and methods to guarantee and improve the efficiency of large-scale instruments in scientific research institutes from the aspects of policy,funds and technology.
文摘Sustainable development and environmental protection are the themes of the day. One popular policy tool that government uses to promote sustainable development and to protect the environment is green public procurement. Chinese government established its public procurement system in the late 1990s. It has moved to implement green procurement since 2004. In this paper, the authors will first trace the development of Chinese green public procurement program. The authors will then examine the issues involved in its implementation and make suggestions as to how to make green public procurement program more effective. This is one of the first papers examining China’s green public procurement program.
基金Vietnam National Foundation for Science and TechnologyDevelopment(NAFOSTED)under grant number 102.03-2019.10.
文摘This paper presents a Game-theoretic optimization via Parallel Min-Max Ant System(PMMAS)algorithm is used in practice to determine the Nash equilibrium value to resolve the confusion in choosing appropriate bidders of multi-round procurement problem in software project management.To this end,we introduce an approach that proposes:(i)A Game-theoretic model of multiround procurement problem(ii)A Nash equilibrium strategy corresponds to multi-round strategy bid(iii)An application of PSO for the determination of global Nash equilibrium.The balance point in Nash Equilibrium can help to maintain a sustainable structure not only in terms of project management but also in terms of future cooperation.As an alternative of procuring entities subjectively,a methodology to support decision making has been studied using Nash equilibrium to create a balance point on benefit in procurement where buyers and suppliers need multiple rounds of bidding.Our goal focus on the balance point in Nash Equilibrium to optimizing bidder selection in multi-round procurement which is the most beneficial for both investors and selected tenderers.Our PMMAS algorithm is implemented based on MPI(message passing interface)to find the approximate optimal solution for the question of how to choose bidders and ensure a path for a win-win relationship of all participants in the procurement process.We also evaluate the speedup ratio and parallel efficiency between our algorithm and other proposed algorithms.As the experiment results,the high feasibility and effectiveness of the PMMAS algorithm are verified.
