Fabric dyeing is a critical production process in the clothing industry and heavily relies on batch processing machines(BPM).In this study,the parallel BPM scheduling problem with machine eligibility in fabric dyeing ...Fabric dyeing is a critical production process in the clothing industry and heavily relies on batch processing machines(BPM).In this study,the parallel BPM scheduling problem with machine eligibility in fabric dyeing is considered,and an adaptive cooperated shuffled frog-leaping algorithm(ACSFLA)is proposed to minimize makespan and total tardiness simultaneously.ACSFLA determines the search times for each memeplex based on its quality,with more searches in high-quality memeplexes.An adaptive cooperated and diversified search mechanism is applied,dynamically adjusting search strategies for each memeplex based on their dominance relationships and quality.During the cooperated search,ACSFLA uses a segmented and dynamic targeted search approach,while in non-cooperated scenarios,the search focuses on local search around superior solutions to improve efficiency.Furthermore,ACSFLA employs adaptive population division and partial population shuffling strategies.Through these strategies,memeplexes with low evolutionary potential are selected for reconstruction in the next generation,while thosewithhighevolutionarypotential are retained to continue their evolution.Toevaluate the performance of ACSFLA,comparative experiments were conducted using ACSFLA,SFLA,ASFLA,MOABC,and NSGA-CC in 90 instances.The computational results reveal that ACSFLA outperforms the other algorithms in 78 of the 90 test cases,highlighting its advantages in solving the parallel BPM scheduling problem with machine eligibility.展开更多
Electrolytic copper foil has gained significant attention as an essential component in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),printed circuit boards(PCBs),and chip packaging substrates(CPSs)applications.With the advancement of L...Electrolytic copper foil has gained significant attention as an essential component in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),printed circuit boards(PCBs),and chip packaging substrates(CPSs)applications.With the advancement of LIBs towards higher energy densities and the increasing density of electronic components on circuits,copper foil is required to have demanding properties,such as extremely thin thickness and extremely high tensile strength.This comprehensive review firstly summarizes recent progress on the fabrication of electrolytic copper foil,and the effects of process parameters,cathode substrate,and additives on the electrodeposition behavior,microstructure,and properties of copper foil are discussed in detail.Then the regulation strategies of mechanical properties of electrolytic copper foil are also summarized,including the formation of nanotwins and texture.Furthermore,the recent advances in novel electrolytic copper foils,such as composite foils and extra-thin copper foils,are also overviewed.Lastly,the remaining challenges and perspectives on the further development of electrolytic copper foils are presented.展开更多
Poly(vinylidene-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] copolymer films generally demonstrate limited compatibility with organic semiconductors. The material is frequently compromised by exposure to organic semiconductor sol...Poly(vinylidene-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] copolymer films generally demonstrate limited compatibility with organic semiconductors. The material is frequently compromised by exposure to organic semiconductor solutions and other fabrication processes utilized in the production of organic ferroelectric transistors. In this study, an organic ferroelectric field effect transistor(OFeFET) with the 6,13-Bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene(TIPS-pentacene) channel is fabricated, in which the aluminum oxide(Al_(2)O_(3)) interlayer is used to improve compatibility. The device displays polymorphic memory and synaptic plasticity of long-term potentiation and depression. Furthermore, an artificial neural network constructed using our devices is simulated to succeed in recognizing the MNIST handwritten digit database with a high accuracy of 92.8%. This research offers a viable approach to enhance the compatibility of the organic ferroelectric polymer P(VDF-TrFE) with organic semiconductors.展开更多
A novel liquid settling method was investigated and applied to fabricate TC4 spherical particle reinforced AZ91 alloy matrix composites.This method was called liquid state settling technique in which TC4 particles wou...A novel liquid settling method was investigated and applied to fabricate TC4 spherical particle reinforced AZ91 alloy matrix composites.This method was called liquid state settling technique in which TC4 particles would settle down under the force of gravity.High volume fraction(50%)particle reinforced AZ91 composites could be easily obtained via this novel method.This is difficult to achieve for other traditional liquid fabrication methods.In addition,there was a good dispersion of TC4 particles in the AZ91 matrix and no clusters were found,which indicate that this method was feasible.Interfacial reaction occurred and the reaction product was confirmed to be Al2Ti.Three kinds of pre-dispersion technologies were used before the settling process and different interfacial microstructures were found.Theoretical calculation and experimental results both indicated that the interfacial product which was embedded in the matrix strengthened the composites and improved the tensile strength.展开更多
The fabrication process dependent effects on single event effects （SEEs） are investigated in a commercial silicon- germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor （SiGe HBT） using three-dimensional （3D） TCAD simulat...The fabrication process dependent effects on single event effects （SEEs） are investigated in a commercial silicon- germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor （SiGe HBT） using three-dimensional （3D） TCAD simulations. The influences of device structure and doping concentration on SEEs are discussed via analysis of current transient and charge collection induced by ions strike. The results show that the SEEs representation of current transient is different from representation of the charge collection for the same process parameters. To be specific, the area of C/S junction is the key parameter that affects charge collection of SEE. Both current transient and charge collection are dependent on the doping of collector and substrate. The base doping slightly influences transient currents of base, emitter, and collector terminals. However, the SEEs of SiGe HBT are hardly affected by the doping of epitaxial base and the content of Ge.展开更多
Cerium dioxide, CeO2, is a potentially superior material in a myriad of areas, and many methods have been proposed to deposit single crystal CeO2 thin films. A novel fabrication technique utilizing dual plasma generat...Cerium dioxide, CeO2, is a potentially superior material in a myriad of areas, and many methods have been proposed to deposit single crystal CeO2 thin films. A novel fabrication technique utilizing dual plasma generated by metal vacuum arc (MEVVA) and radio frequency (RF) is discussed in this paper. We have recently conducted a systematic investigation to determine the optimal process window to deposit CeO2 thin films'on Si(100) substrates. The X-ray diffraction results show the existence of CeO2(100) in the as-deposited sample.展开更多
Soft(flexible and stretchable) biosensors have great potential in real-time and continuous health monitoring of various physiological factors, mainly due to their better conformability to soft human tissues and organs...Soft(flexible and stretchable) biosensors have great potential in real-time and continuous health monitoring of various physiological factors, mainly due to their better conformability to soft human tissues and organs, which maximizes data fidelity and minimizes biological interference.Most of the early soft sensors focused on sensing physical signals. Recently, it is becoming a trend that novel soft sensors are developed to sense and monitor biochemical signals in situ in real biological environments, thus providing much more meaningful data for studying fundamental biology and diagnosing diverse health conditions. This is essential to decentralize the healthcare resources towards predictive medicine and better disease management. To meet the requirements of mechanical softness and complex biosensing, unconventional materials, and manufacturing process are demanded in developing biosensors. In this review, we summarize the fundamental approaches and the latest and representative design and fabrication to engineer soft electronics(flexible and stretchable) for wearable and implantable biochemical sensing. We will review the rational design and ingenious integration of stretchable materials, structures, and signal transducers in different application scenarios to fabricate high-performance soft biosensors. Focus is also given to how these novel biosensors can be integrated into diverse important physiological environments and scenarios in situ, such as sweat analysis, wound monitoring, and neurochemical sensing. We also rethink and discuss the current limitations,challenges, and prospects of soft biosensors. This review holds significant importance for researchers and engineers, as it assists in comprehending the overarching trends and pivotal issues within the realm of designing and manufacturing soft electronics for biochemical sensing.展开更多
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer a clean, pollution-free technology for the electrochemical conversion of chemical energy of hydrocarbon fuels into electricity. Many programs are being initiated in the United Stat...Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer a clean, pollution-free technology for the electrochemical conversion of chemical energy of hydrocarbon fuels into electricity. Many programs are being initiated in the United States, Europe, Japan and so on. The funding for SOFC development worldwide has risen dramatically and this trend is expected to continue for at least the next decades. These development programs are also investigating wider applications of SOFCs in stationary, residential, transportation and military sectors. Finally, it is summarized the key materials and fabrication processes of SOFC in this paper.展开更多
In textile finishing, stenters always draw considerable attention to newer inventions to boost up production via maximum utilization of energy. Prior to main drying or heat-setting chambers, intermediate heating of cy...In textile finishing, stenters always draw considerable attention to newer inventions to boost up production via maximum utilization of energy. Prior to main drying or heat-setting chambers, intermediate heating of cylindrical system especially by steam has a direct blessing to moisture evaporation, processing speed, fabric quality and so on. Based on actual operational data, this study reveals the outcomes of a pre-heating module installed within a stenter. After employing the pre-heating system to knit fabrics of different structures and compositions, 23% - 61% moisture reduction was found and the speed of processing fabrics was increased simultaneously by 17% - 30% without any compromise on fabric quality. Moreover, no less than 8.21% savings in annual electricity consumption were observed.展开更多
A high-performance grating coupler(GC) operating at a wavelength of 1550 nm is proposed by utilizing the adjoint-based inverse design algorithm on a 220 nm silicon-on-insulator(SOI) substrate. The grating scheme offer...A high-performance grating coupler(GC) operating at a wavelength of 1550 nm is proposed by utilizing the adjoint-based inverse design algorithm on a 220 nm silicon-on-insulator(SOI) substrate. The grating scheme offers several advantages,including simple structure, large minimum feature size(MFS), manufacturing friendliness, support for large-scale production and multi-project wafer (MPW) runs, etc., while simultaneously maintaining exceptional coupling performance and fabrication tolerance. The design process incorporates various fabrication constraints to satisfy the specifications of different foundry processes. The optimized GC demonstrates excellent coupling performance and 3 d B bandwidth within the MFS range of 60 to 180 nm. The simulated coupling efficiency(CE) of the GC with 130 nm MFS is-1.69 dB, whereas the experimentally measured CE of the fabricated GC using electron beam lithography(EBL) is-2.83 dB. Notably, the experimental CE of the GC with 180 nm MFS fabricated using 248 nm deep ultraviolet(DUV) lithography is-2.77 dB, representing the highest experimental CE ever reported for a single-layer etching C-Band GC supported by MPW runs fabricated on 220 nm SOI without utilizing any back reflector, multi-etch layer, or overlay. The manufacturing outcomes of the same GC structure employing different manufacturing processes are discussed and analyzed, providing valuable insights for the fabrication of silicon photonics devices.展开更多
Microelectromechanical system(MEMS)grating modulators enable versatile beam steering functions through the electrostatic actuation of movable ribbons.These modulators operate at ultrahigh frequencies in the hundred kH...Microelectromechanical system(MEMS)grating modulators enable versatile beam steering functions through the electrostatic actuation of movable ribbons.These modulators operate at ultrahigh frequencies in the hundred kHz range,and their micromirror-free configuration simplifies the fabrication process and reduces costs compared to micromirror-based modulators.However,these modulators are limited in their optical efficiency and aperture.Here,we present a MEMS grating modulator with a notably extendable aperture and a high optical efficiency that benefits from the adoption of a tunable sinusoidal grating.Instead of end-constrained movable ribbons,we constrain the MEMS grating modulator through broadside-constrained continuous ribbons.The end-free grating enables improved scalability along the ribbons,and the continuous sinusoidal surface of the grating allows an increased fill factor.As an example,we experimentally demonstrate a MEMS grating modulator with a large-scale aperture of 30×30 mm and an optical efficiency of up to 90%.The modulation depth enables intensity modulation across a broad wavelength range from 635 to 1700 nm.The experimental results demonstrate that the reported modulator has a mechanical settling time of 1.1μs and an extinction ratio of over 20 dB.Furthermore,it offers a dynamic modulation contrast of over 95%within a 250 kHz operating frequency and achieves full modulation within a field of view(FOV)of±30°.The reported MEMS grating modulator holds promise for application in high-speed light attenuation and modulating retroreflector free-space optical(MRR-FSO)communication systems.Our device also paves new ways for future high-speed,energyefficient,and cost-effective communication networks.展开更多
Ionic polymer-metal composites(IPMCs)are typical smart mate-rials that are commonly used in bionic applications,including soft robots,bionic flapping aircraft,and bionic fish.However,their low output force seriously l...Ionic polymer-metal composites(IPMCs)are typical smart mate-rials that are commonly used in bionic applications,including soft robots,bionic flapping aircraft,and bionic fish.However,their low output force seriously limits device performance.Stacking of multiple IPMC actuators to improve the overall performance of soft actuators is a strategy that is used in practical applications.Under the energy dissipation condition in the IPMC stacking structure,if each single IPMC in the struc-ture has high power density,the structure will produce excel-lent performance with high efficiency that can greatly promote wider application of IPMC actuators.To meet this requirement,a method for fabrication process integration with multiple opti-mized factors was used to obtain IPMC materials in this paper.Carbon nanotube(CNT)doping,isopropyl alcohol-assisted plat-ing,and hot pressing with a mesoscopic structural mold were selected as typical optimization methods for process integration and were initially investigated separately to determine the opti-mal process parameters.By combining the best process para-meters in an integrated process,the IPMC treated by isopropyl alcohol-assisted plating and CNT doping process(No.AC7)showed excellent actuation performance and high work density(~9.71/12.36 gf,~14.93/31.89 kJ/m^(3) under 3/4 VDC).The enhanced performance meets the requirements for practical bionic applications.展开更多
In recent years, flexible electronic devices have become a hot topic of scientific research. These flexible devices are the basis of flexible circuits, flexible batteries, flexible displays and electronic skins. Graph...In recent years, flexible electronic devices have become a hot topic of scientific research. These flexible devices are the basis of flexible circuits, flexible batteries, flexible displays and electronic skins. Graphene-based materials are very promising for flexible electronic devices, due to their high mobility, high elasticity, a tunable band gap, quantum electronic transport and high mechanical strength. In this article, we review the recent progress of the fabrication process and the applications of graphene-based electronic devices, including thermal acoustic devices, thermal rectifiers, graphene-based nanogenerators, pressure sensors and graphene-based light-emitting diodes. In summary, although there are still a lot of challenges needing to be solved, graphene-based materials are very promising for various flexible device applications in the future.展开更多
Silicon-based neural microneedle arrays,such as the Utah Array,have demonstrated excellent performance in chronic recordings from the cerebral cortex.Unlike planar thin-film electrodes with recording sites arranged on...Silicon-based neural microneedle arrays,such as the Utah Array,have demonstrated excellent performance in chronic recordings from the cerebral cortex.Unlike planar thin-film electrodes with recording sites arranged on the surface of a silicon film,the recording sites of microneedle arrays are located at the tips of three-dimensional needles,which significantly complicates the fabrication process required for single-neuron recordings.To address this challenge,we develop a local de-insulation method for microneedle recording electrodes that eliminates the need for etching:the microneedle tips are encapsulated in a controllable-thickness protective layer,followed by deposition of a Parylene-C insulation layer.By optimizing the elasticity of the protection material,as well as its adhesion and shape on both the protective layer and the electrode shaft,we were able to precisely control the area of the removed insulated layers,resulting in consistent tip exposure.Experimental results show that the non-uniformity of the exposed microneedle recording sites in the silicon-based neural microelectrode arrays(each has 10×10 array)fabricated using this method is 3.32±1.02%.Furthermore,the arrays exhibited high stability and reliability in both mechanical performance and electrical characteristics.They achieved an average spike signal-to-noise ratio of 12.63±6.64 during in vivo testing.This fabrication technique provides a valuable method for the development of high-performance neural microelectrode array.展开更多
In complex environments,infrared camouflage within the long-wave infrared range is essential for modern defense and surveillance applications,requiring precise control over both radiative and scattering properties of ...In complex environments,infrared camouflage within the long-wave infrared range is essential for modern defense and surveillance applications,requiring precise control over both radiative and scattering properties of military targets.For practical implementation,developing surfaces that integrate dynamic emissivity control,low specular reflectance,and scalable fabrication processes remains a significant challenge.Here,a novel infrared camouflage device is proposed to simultaneously achieve low specular reflectance(<0.1)and dynamic infrared camouflage.The device seamlessly blends into backgrounds with temperatures ranging from 35°C to 45°C by tuning the emissivity of the device,which is attained by controlling the Ge2Sb2Te5 phase change.In addition,it reflects almost no surrounding thermal signals compared with the conventional low-emissivity smooth surface.The thermal camouflage remains effective and stable across observation angles ranging from 20°to 60°.This work proposes a novel approach to simultaneously reducing specular reflection and dynamic emissivity control,potentially inspiring future research and applications in multispectral camouflage and stealth technology.展开更多
文摘Fabric dyeing is a critical production process in the clothing industry and heavily relies on batch processing machines(BPM).In this study,the parallel BPM scheduling problem with machine eligibility in fabric dyeing is considered,and an adaptive cooperated shuffled frog-leaping algorithm(ACSFLA)is proposed to minimize makespan and total tardiness simultaneously.ACSFLA determines the search times for each memeplex based on its quality,with more searches in high-quality memeplexes.An adaptive cooperated and diversified search mechanism is applied,dynamically adjusting search strategies for each memeplex based on their dominance relationships and quality.During the cooperated search,ACSFLA uses a segmented and dynamic targeted search approach,while in non-cooperated scenarios,the search focuses on local search around superior solutions to improve efficiency.Furthermore,ACSFLA employs adaptive population division and partial population shuffling strategies.Through these strategies,memeplexes with low evolutionary potential are selected for reconstruction in the next generation,while thosewithhighevolutionarypotential are retained to continue their evolution.Toevaluate the performance of ACSFLA,comparative experiments were conducted using ACSFLA,SFLA,ASFLA,MOABC,and NSGA-CC in 90 instances.The computational results reveal that ACSFLA outperforms the other algorithms in 78 of the 90 test cases,highlighting its advantages in solving the parallel BPM scheduling problem with machine eligibility.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Plan Program of China(No.2021YFB3400800)Henan Key Research and Development Program(No.231111241000)+1 种基金the Joint Fund of Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Program(No.225200810026)Zhongyuan Scholar Workstation Funded Program(No.224400510025).
文摘Electrolytic copper foil has gained significant attention as an essential component in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),printed circuit boards(PCBs),and chip packaging substrates(CPSs)applications.With the advancement of LIBs towards higher energy densities and the increasing density of electronic components on circuits,copper foil is required to have demanding properties,such as extremely thin thickness and extremely high tensile strength.This comprehensive review firstly summarizes recent progress on the fabrication of electrolytic copper foil,and the effects of process parameters,cathode substrate,and additives on the electrodeposition behavior,microstructure,and properties of copper foil are discussed in detail.Then the regulation strategies of mechanical properties of electrolytic copper foil are also summarized,including the formation of nanotwins and texture.Furthermore,the recent advances in novel electrolytic copper foils,such as composite foils and extra-thin copper foils,are also overviewed.Lastly,the remaining challenges and perspectives on the further development of electrolytic copper foils are presented.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development program of China (Nos. 2024YFA1410700 and 2021YFA1200700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. T2222025, 62174053, 62474065 and 52372120)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (CSTB2024NSCQ-JQX0005)the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan (Nos. 24QA2702300 and 24YF2710400)the National Postdoctoral Program (GZB20240225)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Poly(vinylidene-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] copolymer films generally demonstrate limited compatibility with organic semiconductors. The material is frequently compromised by exposure to organic semiconductor solutions and other fabrication processes utilized in the production of organic ferroelectric transistors. In this study, an organic ferroelectric field effect transistor(OFeFET) with the 6,13-Bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene(TIPS-pentacene) channel is fabricated, in which the aluminum oxide(Al_(2)O_(3)) interlayer is used to improve compatibility. The device displays polymorphic memory and synaptic plasticity of long-term potentiation and depression. Furthermore, an artificial neural network constructed using our devices is simulated to succeed in recognizing the MNIST handwritten digit database with a high accuracy of 92.8%. This research offers a viable approach to enhance the compatibility of the organic ferroelectric polymer P(VDF-TrFE) with organic semiconductors.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51471059).
文摘A novel liquid settling method was investigated and applied to fabricate TC4 spherical particle reinforced AZ91 alloy matrix composites.This method was called liquid state settling technique in which TC4 particles would settle down under the force of gravity.High volume fraction(50%)particle reinforced AZ91 composites could be easily obtained via this novel method.This is difficult to achieve for other traditional liquid fabrication methods.In addition,there was a good dispersion of TC4 particles in the AZ91 matrix and no clusters were found,which indicate that this method was feasible.Interfacial reaction occurred and the reaction product was confirmed to be Al2Ti.Three kinds of pre-dispersion technologies were used before the settling process and different interfacial microstructures were found.Theoretical calculation and experimental results both indicated that the interfacial product which was embedded in the matrix strengthened the composites and improved the tensile strength.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61274106,11175138,and 61601352)
文摘The fabrication process dependent effects on single event effects （SEEs） are investigated in a commercial silicon- germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor （SiGe HBT） using three-dimensional （3D） TCAD simulations. The influences of device structure and doping concentration on SEEs are discussed via analysis of current transient and charge collection induced by ions strike. The results show that the SEEs representation of current transient is different from representation of the charge collection for the same process parameters. To be specific, the area of C/S junction is the key parameter that affects charge collection of SEE. Both current transient and charge collection are dependent on the doping of collector and substrate. The base doping slightly influences transient currents of base, emitter, and collector terminals. However, the SEEs of SiGe HBT are hardly affected by the doping of epitaxial base and the content of Ge.
基金The work was supported by Hong Kong RGC CERG9040344 and 9040412, RGC / Germany Joint Schemes9050084 and 9050150, and CityU S
文摘Cerium dioxide, CeO2, is a potentially superior material in a myriad of areas, and many methods have been proposed to deposit single crystal CeO2 thin films. A novel fabrication technique utilizing dual plasma generated by metal vacuum arc (MEVVA) and radio frequency (RF) is discussed in this paper. We have recently conducted a systematic investigation to determine the optimal process window to deposit CeO2 thin films'on Si(100) substrates. The X-ray diffraction results show the existence of CeO2(100) in the as-deposited sample.
基金support from the National Science Foundation under Award Nos. EFMA-2318057, ECCS-2339495, ECCS-2334134, ECCS-2216131, and CMMI-2323917。
文摘Soft(flexible and stretchable) biosensors have great potential in real-time and continuous health monitoring of various physiological factors, mainly due to their better conformability to soft human tissues and organs, which maximizes data fidelity and minimizes biological interference.Most of the early soft sensors focused on sensing physical signals. Recently, it is becoming a trend that novel soft sensors are developed to sense and monitor biochemical signals in situ in real biological environments, thus providing much more meaningful data for studying fundamental biology and diagnosing diverse health conditions. This is essential to decentralize the healthcare resources towards predictive medicine and better disease management. To meet the requirements of mechanical softness and complex biosensing, unconventional materials, and manufacturing process are demanded in developing biosensors. In this review, we summarize the fundamental approaches and the latest and representative design and fabrication to engineer soft electronics(flexible and stretchable) for wearable and implantable biochemical sensing. We will review the rational design and ingenious integration of stretchable materials, structures, and signal transducers in different application scenarios to fabricate high-performance soft biosensors. Focus is also given to how these novel biosensors can be integrated into diverse important physiological environments and scenarios in situ, such as sweat analysis, wound monitoring, and neurochemical sensing. We also rethink and discuss the current limitations,challenges, and prospects of soft biosensors. This review holds significant importance for researchers and engineers, as it assists in comprehending the overarching trends and pivotal issues within the realm of designing and manufacturing soft electronics for biochemical sensing.
基金support from the NSFC key projects (50730004, 50872150 )MOST projects(2009DFA6136)MOE projects(NCET-06-0203,20060290005)
文摘Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer a clean, pollution-free technology for the electrochemical conversion of chemical energy of hydrocarbon fuels into electricity. Many programs are being initiated in the United States, Europe, Japan and so on. The funding for SOFC development worldwide has risen dramatically and this trend is expected to continue for at least the next decades. These development programs are also investigating wider applications of SOFCs in stationary, residential, transportation and military sectors. Finally, it is summarized the key materials and fabrication processes of SOFC in this paper.
文摘In textile finishing, stenters always draw considerable attention to newer inventions to boost up production via maximum utilization of energy. Prior to main drying or heat-setting chambers, intermediate heating of cylindrical system especially by steam has a direct blessing to moisture evaporation, processing speed, fabric quality and so on. Based on actual operational data, this study reveals the outcomes of a pre-heating module installed within a stenter. After employing the pre-heating system to knit fabrics of different structures and compositions, 23% - 61% moisture reduction was found and the speed of processing fabrics was increased simultaneously by 17% - 30% without any compromise on fabric quality. Moreover, no less than 8.21% savings in annual electricity consumption were observed.
基金supported by the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan (No.22501100800)the SJTU Pinghu Institute of Intelligent Optoelectronics Open Foundation (No.22H010102520)。
文摘A high-performance grating coupler(GC) operating at a wavelength of 1550 nm is proposed by utilizing the adjoint-based inverse design algorithm on a 220 nm silicon-on-insulator(SOI) substrate. The grating scheme offers several advantages,including simple structure, large minimum feature size(MFS), manufacturing friendliness, support for large-scale production and multi-project wafer (MPW) runs, etc., while simultaneously maintaining exceptional coupling performance and fabrication tolerance. The design process incorporates various fabrication constraints to satisfy the specifications of different foundry processes. The optimized GC demonstrates excellent coupling performance and 3 d B bandwidth within the MFS range of 60 to 180 nm. The simulated coupling efficiency(CE) of the GC with 130 nm MFS is-1.69 dB, whereas the experimentally measured CE of the fabricated GC using electron beam lithography(EBL) is-2.83 dB. Notably, the experimental CE of the GC with 180 nm MFS fabricated using 248 nm deep ultraviolet(DUV) lithography is-2.77 dB, representing the highest experimental CE ever reported for a single-layer etching C-Band GC supported by MPW runs fabricated on 220 nm SOI without utilizing any back reflector, multi-etch layer, or overlay. The manufacturing outcomes of the same GC structure employing different manufacturing processes are discussed and analyzed, providing valuable insights for the fabrication of silicon photonics devices.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21B2035,51575455,51175436,62105265,and 62475219)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(G2023KY05104).
文摘Microelectromechanical system(MEMS)grating modulators enable versatile beam steering functions through the electrostatic actuation of movable ribbons.These modulators operate at ultrahigh frequencies in the hundred kHz range,and their micromirror-free configuration simplifies the fabrication process and reduces costs compared to micromirror-based modulators.However,these modulators are limited in their optical efficiency and aperture.Here,we present a MEMS grating modulator with a notably extendable aperture and a high optical efficiency that benefits from the adoption of a tunable sinusoidal grating.Instead of end-constrained movable ribbons,we constrain the MEMS grating modulator through broadside-constrained continuous ribbons.The end-free grating enables improved scalability along the ribbons,and the continuous sinusoidal surface of the grating allows an increased fill factor.As an example,we experimentally demonstrate a MEMS grating modulator with a large-scale aperture of 30×30 mm and an optical efficiency of up to 90%.The modulation depth enables intensity modulation across a broad wavelength range from 635 to 1700 nm.The experimental results demonstrate that the reported modulator has a mechanical settling time of 1.1μs and an extinction ratio of over 20 dB.Furthermore,it offers a dynamic modulation contrast of over 95%within a 250 kHz operating frequency and achieves full modulation within a field of view(FOV)of±30°.The reported MEMS grating modulator holds promise for application in high-speed light attenuation and modulating retroreflector free-space optical(MRR-FSO)communication systems.Our device also paves new ways for future high-speed,energyefficient,and cost-effective communication networks.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[11802223,61890961]Basic Research Project of China[JCKY2020110C074].
文摘Ionic polymer-metal composites(IPMCs)are typical smart mate-rials that are commonly used in bionic applications,including soft robots,bionic flapping aircraft,and bionic fish.However,their low output force seriously limits device performance.Stacking of multiple IPMC actuators to improve the overall performance of soft actuators is a strategy that is used in practical applications.Under the energy dissipation condition in the IPMC stacking structure,if each single IPMC in the struc-ture has high power density,the structure will produce excel-lent performance with high efficiency that can greatly promote wider application of IPMC actuators.To meet this requirement,a method for fabrication process integration with multiple opti-mized factors was used to obtain IPMC materials in this paper.Carbon nanotube(CNT)doping,isopropyl alcohol-assisted plat-ing,and hot pressing with a mesoscopic structural mold were selected as typical optimization methods for process integration and were initially investigated separately to determine the opti-mal process parameters.By combining the best process para-meters in an integrated process,the IPMC treated by isopropyl alcohol-assisted plating and CNT doping process(No.AC7)showed excellent actuation performance and high work density(~9.71/12.36 gf,~14.93/31.89 kJ/m^(3) under 3/4 VDC).The enhanced performance meets the requirements for practical bionic applications.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.60936002,61025021,61434001,61574083)the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China(No.2015CB352100)+3 种基金the National Key Project of Science and Technology(No.2011ZX02403-002)the Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest of China(No.201303107)supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship(PDF)Program of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of CanadaChina’s Postdoctoral Science Foundation(CPSF)
文摘In recent years, flexible electronic devices have become a hot topic of scientific research. These flexible devices are the basis of flexible circuits, flexible batteries, flexible displays and electronic skins. Graphene-based materials are very promising for flexible electronic devices, due to their high mobility, high elasticity, a tunable band gap, quantum electronic transport and high mechanical strength. In this article, we review the recent progress of the fabrication process and the applications of graphene-based electronic devices, including thermal acoustic devices, thermal rectifiers, graphene-based nanogenerators, pressure sensors and graphene-based light-emitting diodes. In summary, although there are still a lot of challenges needing to be solved, graphene-based materials are very promising for various flexible device applications in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 62071447the National Key R&D Program of China under grant 2022YFF1202303.
文摘Silicon-based neural microneedle arrays,such as the Utah Array,have demonstrated excellent performance in chronic recordings from the cerebral cortex.Unlike planar thin-film electrodes with recording sites arranged on the surface of a silicon film,the recording sites of microneedle arrays are located at the tips of three-dimensional needles,which significantly complicates the fabrication process required for single-neuron recordings.To address this challenge,we develop a local de-insulation method for microneedle recording electrodes that eliminates the need for etching:the microneedle tips are encapsulated in a controllable-thickness protective layer,followed by deposition of a Parylene-C insulation layer.By optimizing the elasticity of the protection material,as well as its adhesion and shape on both the protective layer and the electrode shaft,we were able to precisely control the area of the removed insulated layers,resulting in consistent tip exposure.Experimental results show that the non-uniformity of the exposed microneedle recording sites in the silicon-based neural microelectrode arrays(each has 10×10 array)fabricated using this method is 3.32±1.02%.Furthermore,the arrays exhibited high stability and reliability in both mechanical performance and electrical characteristics.They achieved an average spike signal-to-noise ratio of 12.63±6.64 during in vivo testing.This fabrication technique provides a valuable method for the development of high-performance neural microelectrode array.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20377)Postgraduate Education Reform and Quality Improvement Project of Henan Province(YJS2024JD32)POSCO(POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center)National Research Foundation of Korea(RS-2022-NR067559)。
文摘In complex environments,infrared camouflage within the long-wave infrared range is essential for modern defense and surveillance applications,requiring precise control over both radiative and scattering properties of military targets.For practical implementation,developing surfaces that integrate dynamic emissivity control,low specular reflectance,and scalable fabrication processes remains a significant challenge.Here,a novel infrared camouflage device is proposed to simultaneously achieve low specular reflectance(<0.1)and dynamic infrared camouflage.The device seamlessly blends into backgrounds with temperatures ranging from 35°C to 45°C by tuning the emissivity of the device,which is attained by controlling the Ge2Sb2Te5 phase change.In addition,it reflects almost no surrounding thermal signals compared with the conventional low-emissivity smooth surface.The thermal camouflage remains effective and stable across observation angles ranging from 20°to 60°.This work proposes a novel approach to simultaneously reducing specular reflection and dynamic emissivity control,potentially inspiring future research and applications in multispectral camouflage and stealth technology.
