The aging process is an inexorable fact throughout our lives and is considered a major factor in develo ping neurological dysfunctions associated with cognitive,emotional,and motor impairments.Aging-associated neurode...The aging process is an inexorable fact throughout our lives and is considered a major factor in develo ping neurological dysfunctions associated with cognitive,emotional,and motor impairments.Aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neuronal structure and function.展开更多
In rock engineering,natural cracks in rock masses subjected to external loads tend to initiate and propagate,leading to potential safety hazards.To investigate the effect of cracking behavior on the mechanical propert...In rock engineering,natural cracks in rock masses subjected to external loads tend to initiate and propagate,leading to potential safety hazards.To investigate the effect of cracking behavior on the mechanical properties of rocks,the cracking processes of pre-cracked rocks have been extensively studied using numerical modeling methods.The peridynamics(PD)exhibits advantages over other numerical methods due to the absence of the requirements for remeshing and external crack growth criterion.However,for modeling pre-cracked rock cracking processes under impact,current PD implementations lack generally applicable rock constitutive models and impact contact models,which leads to difficulties in determining rock material parameters and efficiently calculating impact loads.This paper proposes a non-ordinary state-based peridynamics(NOSBPD)modeling method integrating the Drucker-Prager(DP)plasticity model and an efficient contact model to address the above problems.In the proposed method,the Drucker-Prager plasticity model is integrated into the NOSBPD,thereby equipping NOSBPD with the capability to accurately characterize the nonlinear stress-strain relationship inherent in rocks.An efficient contact model between particles and meshes is designed to calculate the impact loads,which is essentially a coupling method of PD with the finite element method(FEM).The effectiveness of the proposed NOSBPD modeling method is verified by comparison with other numerical methods and experiments.Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can effectively and accurately predict the 3D cracking processes of pre-cracked cracks under impact loading,and the maximum principal stress is the key driver behind wing crack formation in pre-cracked rocks.展开更多
The chemical industry plays a critical role in supporting global economic development,yet its traditional production paradigms are associated with high resource consumption,energy demand,and environmental impact.To de...The chemical industry plays a critical role in supporting global economic development,yet its traditional production paradigms are associated with high resource consumption,energy demand,and environmental impact.To deal with the growing regulatory burden,societal demands,and environmental targets,eco-friendly processes in chemicals have become one of the major approaches to ensuring industrialization with environmental safety.This review includes an overall summary of the recent developments of green chemical processes with the focus on the basic principles,facilitating structures,and technologies that form the basis of sustainable chemical production.The most important advances in sustainable feedstocks,green catalysis,environmentally benign solvents,energy-efficient and intensified process technologies are also essential introductions,and the importance of digitalization,artificial intelligence,and life cycle-informed assessment tools in environmental performance optimization is also increasing.The review also discusses some of the barriers related to industry implementation,such as scalability,economic viability,and the necessity of having strong sustainability verification.Using chosen industrial case studies of China,South Korea,and Vietnam,various ways of integrating eco-friendly processes are demonstrated,including the adoption of renewable energy and low-carbon hydrogen,the adoption of circular plastics,and refinery energy optimization.Such examples demonstrate the significance of regional settings,system-level integration,and open environmental assessment in achieving significant sustainability results.The presented insights should guide the way future research proceeds and facilitate the shift toward the low-impact chemical manufacturing systems that are resilient.展开更多
Electrocatalytic oxidation is a promising technology for wastewater treatment,but poor mass transfer and low current efficiency impaded its engineering applications.To address these issues,researchers have developed f...Electrocatalytic oxidation is a promising technology for wastewater treatment,but poor mass transfer and low current efficiency impaded its engineering applications.To address these issues,researchers have developed flow-through electrochemical reactors(FERs)primarily based on porous electrodes,where the pore structure significantly impacts the electrochemical reaction.Therefore,this study systematically investigated the impact of different pore sizes on the fluid dynamics,current potential distribution,mass transfer processes,and degradation performance of FERs.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)results indicated that smaller pore sizes(10μm,30μm,and 60μm)significantly enhanced convective effects within the fluid,reduced short fluid paths and dead volume regions within the microchannels,and facilitated mass transfer processes.Additionally,smaller pore sizes were conducive to a uniform distribution of current density.Furthermore,Fe(CN)_(6)^(4−)oxidation experiments revealed that the current density at a pore size of 160μm was notably lower than that at 10μm,indicating slower mass transfer of Fe(CN)_(6)^(4−)within larger channels.Calculations based on experimental results demonstrated that the mass transfer rate at a pore size of 10μm was six times than that at 160μm,further confirming the enhancing effect of smaller pore sizes on the mass transfer process.Lastly,experiments on tetracycline degradation showed that at a residence time of 90 s,the removal efficiencies of tetracycline were 80%and 39.1%for porous electrodes with pore sizes of 10μm and 160μm,respectively,demonstrating the superior removal efficiency of smaller pore sizes for tetracycline degradation.展开更多
Ironmaking process(IP)is indispensable to modern iron and steel industry,where real-time monitoring is crucial for achieving high molten iron quality(MIQ)with low energy consumption.While neural network-based models s...Ironmaking process(IP)is indispensable to modern iron and steel industry,where real-time monitoring is crucial for achieving high molten iron quality(MIQ)with low energy consumption.While neural network-based models show some promising results,they are generally limited by non-negligible drawbacks such as interpretability issues of feature learning.To address these issues,we propose a novel concept based on the shallow-to-deep correlation network representation regression(Sh-to-De CNRR).Our approach,shallow correlation network representation regression(ShCNRR),combines neural network and canonical correlation analysis thoughts to generate explainable features via shallow correlation network representation(CNR).A twin inverse network is then derived to obtain the explicit model output,leveraging the shallow CNR.To capture deeper nonlinear information,we extend ShCNRR into a hierarchical deep correlation network representation regression(DeCNRR)model that features stacked neural networks,enabling us to learn deeper CNR from process data.The feasibility and advantages of our proposals are validated by theoretical derivations and practical IP cases,which contain one MIQ regression and three MIQ-related fault detection tasks.The results reveal that highly fused statistical and neural network models yield superior monitoring performance compared to current state-of-the-art models,while statistical tests verify the convincing feature mining.展开更多
To address the persistent challenge of dynamic mismatch between wellbore lifting capacity and reservoir fluid supply,and to establish a robust optimization framework for drainage operations in high-water-cut tight san...To address the persistent challenge of dynamic mismatch between wellbore lifting capacity and reservoir fluid supply,and to establish a robust optimization framework for drainage operations in high-water-cut tight sandstone gas reservoirs,this study systematically investigates the graded optimization and dynamic adaptation of drainage gas recovery technologies.Production data from a representative tight gas field were first employed to forecast reservoir performance.The predictive reliability was rigorously validated through high-precision history matching,thereby providing a quantitatively consistent foundation for subsequent wellbore optimization.Building on this characterization,a coupled simulation framework was developed that integrates wellbore multiphase flow modeling with nodal analysis based on the Inflow Performance Relationship,IPR,and the Vertical Lift Performance,VLP.This coordinated approach enables comprehensive evaluation of process adaptability and dynamic optimization of foam-assisted drainage,mechanical pumping,and jet pumping systems under evolving water-gas ratio,WGR conditions.The results reveal that a progressively increasing water-gas ratio is the dominant factor driving the transition from chemically assisted drainage methods to mechanically enhanced lifting technologies.A distinct quantitative threshold is identified at WGR≈0.002,beyond which mechanical intervention becomes more effective and economically justified.For mechanical pumping and jet pumping systems,a parameter inversion optimization strategy constrained by the target bottomhole flowing pressure,Pwf,is proposed to ensure stable production while maintaining reservoir drawdown control.In particular,the nozzle-to-throat area ratio of the jet pump is identified as the key governing parameter influencing entrainment capacity and lifting efficiency.Moreover,a configuration characterized by small pump diameter,long stroke length,and low operating speed is demonstrated to satisfy drainage requirements while mitigating torque fluctuations,enhancing volumetric efficiency,and improving pump fillage stability.展开更多
In November 1984,China launched its first expedition to the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic continent,culminating in the establishment of its first year-round research station—Great Wall Station—on the Antarctic Pe...In November 1984,China launched its first expedition to the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic continent,culminating in the establishment of its first year-round research station—Great Wall Station—on the Antarctic Peninsula in February 1985.Forty years later,in February 2024,China’s fifth research station,Qinling Station,commenced operations on Inexpress-ible Island near Terra Nova Bay.展开更多
Effective vegetation reconstruction plays a vital role in the restoration of desert ecosystems.However,in reconstruction of different vegetation types,the community characteristics,assembly processes,and functions of ...Effective vegetation reconstruction plays a vital role in the restoration of desert ecosystems.However,in reconstruction of different vegetation types,the community characteristics,assembly processes,and functions of different soil microbial taxa under environmental changes are still disputed,which limits the understanding of the sustainability of desert restoration.Hence,we investigated the soil microbial community characteristics and functional attributes of grassland desert(GD),desert steppe(DS),typical steppe(TS),and artificial forest(AF)in the Mu Us Desert,China.Our findings confirmed the geographical conservation of soil microbial composition but highlighted decreased microbial diversity in TS.Meanwhile,the abundance of rare taxa and microbial community stability in TS improved.Heterogeneous and homogeneous selection determined the assembly of rare and abundant bacterial taxa,respectively,with both being significantly influenced by soil moisture.In contrast,fungal communities displayed stochastic processes and exhibited sensitivity to soil nutrient conditions.Furthermore,our investigation revealed a noteworthy augmentation in bacterial metabolic functionality in TS,aligning with improved vegetation restoration and the assemblage of abundant bacterial taxa.However,within nutrient-limited soils(GD,DS,and AF),the assembly dynamics of rare fungal taxa assumed a prominent role in augmenting their metabolic capacity and adaptability to desert ecosystems.These results highlighted the variations in the assembly processes and metabolic functions of soil microorganisms during vegetation reestablishment and provided corresponding theoretical support for anthropogenic revegetation of desert ecosystems.展开更多
Current research on heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes(HAOPs)predominantly emphasizes catalyst iteration and innovation.Significant efforts have been made to regulate the electron structure and optimize the el...Current research on heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes(HAOPs)predominantly emphasizes catalyst iteration and innovation.Significant efforts have been made to regulate the electron structure and optimize the electron distribution,thereby increasing the catalytic activity.However,this focus often overshadows an equally essential aspect of HAOPs:the adsorption effect.Adsorption is a critical initiator for triggering the interaction of oxidants and contaminants with heterogeneous catalysts.The efficacy of these interactions is influenced by a variety of physicochemical properties,including surface chemistry and pore sizes,which determine the affinities between contaminants and material surfaces.This dispar ity in affinity is pivotal because it underpins the selective removal of contaminants,especially in complex waste streams containing diverse contaminants and competing matrices.Consequently,understanding and mastering these interfacial interactions is fundamentally indispensable not only for improving pro cess efficiency but also for enhancing the selectivity of contaminant removal.Herein,we highlight the importance of adsorption-driven interfacial interactions for fundamentally elucidating the catalytic mechanisms of HAOPs.Such interactions dictate the overall performance of the treatment processes by balancing the adsorption,reaction,and desorption rates on the catalyst surfaces.Elucidating the adsorption effect not only shifts the paradigm in understanding HAOPs but also improves their practical ity in water treatment and wastewater decontamination.Overall,we propose that revisiting adsorption driven interfacial interactions holds great promise for optimizing catalytic processes to develop effective HAOP strategies.展开更多
This paper focuses on the preparation of rare earth oxide products from rare earth chloride solutions during the rare earth extraction and separation processes,as well as the recycling of magnesium chloride solutions....This paper focuses on the preparation of rare earth oxide products from rare earth chloride solutions during the rare earth extraction and separation processes,as well as the recycling of magnesium chloride solutions.It proposes the idea of introducing spray pyrolysis technology into the rare earth extraction and separation processes.This paper briefly describes the development history of chloride spray pyrolysis technology,focusing on the research status and application progress of rare earth chloride solution and magnesium chloride solution spray pyrolysis technology,as well as spray pyrolysis equipment.The paper also analyzes the challenges and technical intricacies associated with applying spray pyrolysis technology to chloride solutions in the rare earth extraction and separation processes.Additionally,it explores future trends and proposes strategies to facilitate the full recycling of acids and bases,streamline the process flow,and enhance the prospects for green and low-carbon rare earth metallurgy.展开更多
In oil and gas well cementing processes,accurately predicting the bottom hole circulating temperature(BHCT)is critical to ensuring effective zonal isolation.Overestimating the temperature can lead to excessive retarda...In oil and gas well cementing processes,accurately predicting the bottom hole circulating temperature(BHCT)is critical to ensuring effective zonal isolation.Overestimating the temperature can lead to excessive retardation issues,while underestimation can cause cementing accidents.Current methods for calculating the BHCT of cement slurry typically simplify the cementing processes to a single-fluid circulation and ignore the impact of pre-cementing processes on temperature,leading to significant discrepancies between calculated and actual results.In this study,the wellbore and formation are simplified into a two-dimensional axisymmetric structure,and a mathematical model of the temperature field under multi-fluid and multi-step conditions is established based on the law of energy conservation.The finite volume method was used to discretize the model,and a transient temperature field solver for the entire cementing process was developed,which can numerically calculate the temperature of any fluid at any time,any location.For an actual well example,the temperature distribution of the wellbore and formation after casing running is taken as the initial condition.Numerical calculations were performed sequentially to calculate the temperature fields of circulation flushing,wellbore preparation,and cementing,as well as the BHCT of the cement slurry.The study reveals that during the circulation flushing stage,the maximum temperature point in the wellbore is located at a distance of about 366 m above the bottom of the well.In the wellbore preparation stage,due to static heat exchange,the maximum temperature point gradually shifts to the bottom of the well.The BHCT of cement slurry changes continuously under cementing processes with multi-fluid and multi-step,making it a transient value.The BHCT of the lead slurry and tail slurry are not equal,with the maximum BHCT of the tail slurry being 2.46°C higher than that of the lead slurry.If circulation flushing and wellbore preparation are not considered,the calculated BHCT of the cement slurry will have errors of+6.8%and-1.9%.The study highlighted that considering thermal effects of all cementing stages,such as circulation flushing and wellbore preparation,in BHCT calculations can help improve prediction accuracy.展开更多
To investigate groundwater flow and solute transport characteristics of the karst trough zone in China,tracer experiments were conducted at two adjacent typical karst groundwater flow systems(Yuquandong(YQD)and Migong...To investigate groundwater flow and solute transport characteristics of the karst trough zone in China,tracer experiments were conducted at two adjacent typical karst groundwater flow systems(Yuquandong(YQD)and Migongquan(MGQ))in Sixi valley,western Hubei,China.Highresolution continuous monitoring was utilized to obtain breakthrough curves(BTCs),which were then analyzed using the multi-dispersion model(MDM)and the two-region nonequilibrium model(2RNE)with basic parameters calculated by CXTFIT and QTRACER2.Results showed that:(1)YQD flow system had a complex infiltration matrix with overland flow,conduit flow and fracture flow,while the MGQ flow system was dominated by conduit flow with fast flow transport velocity,but also small amount of fracture flow there;(2)They were well fitted based on the MDM(R^2=0.928)and 2RNE(R^2=0.947)models,indicating that they had strong adaptability in the karst trough zone;(3)conceptual models for YQD and MGQ groundwater systems were generalized.In YQD system,the solute was transported via overland flow during intense rainfall,while some infiltrated down into fissures and conduits.In MGQ system,most were directly transported to spring outlet in the fissureconduit network.展开更多
In the published version of our article(Shaji et al.,2024),in the last paragraph of the article,Hong Kong should be corrected to Hong Kong(China)and the repetition of Spain and Ireland in the same sentence need to be ...In the published version of our article(Shaji et al.,2024),in the last paragraph of the article,Hong Kong should be corrected to Hong Kong(China)and the repetition of Spain and Ireland in the same sentence need to be deleted.The correct sentence is as below.展开更多
Light oil and gas reservoirs are abundant in the Ordovician marine carbonate reservoir in Shunbei Oilfield,Tarim Basin.This presents a compelling geological puzzle,as ultra-deep reservoirs undergo intense alteration a...Light oil and gas reservoirs are abundant in the Ordovician marine carbonate reservoir in Shunbei Oilfield,Tarim Basin.This presents a compelling geological puzzle,as ultra-deep reservoirs undergo intense alteration and complex petroleum accumulation processes.A comprehensive suite of geochemical analyses,including molecular components,carbon isotope composition,homogenization temperature of saline inclusions,and burial-thermal history of single wells,was conducted to elucidate the genesis of these ancient reservoirs.Three petroleum filling events have been identified in the study area:Late Caledonian,Hercynian-Indosinian,and Himalayan,through analysis of homogenization temperatures of brine inclusions and burial-thermal histories.Additionally,the oil in the study area has undergone significant alteration processes such as biodegradation,thermal alteration,mixing,evaporative fractionation,and gas invasion.This study particularly emphasizes the influential role of Himalayan gas filling-induced evaporation fractionation and gas invasion in shaping the present petroleum phase distribution.Furthermore,analysis of light hydrocarbon and diamondoid parameters indicates the oil within the study area is at a high maturity stage,with equivalent vitrinite reflectance values ranging from 1.48%to 1.99%.Additionally,the analysis of light hydrocarbons,aromatics,and thiadiamondoids indicates that TSR should occur in reservoirs near the gypsum-salt layers in the Cambrian.The existence of the Cambrian petroleum system in the study area is strongly confirmed when considering the analysis results of natural gas type(oil cracking gas),evaporative fractionation,and gas invasion.Permian local thermal anomalies notably emerge as a significant factor contributing to the destruction of biomarkers in oil.For oil not subject to transient,abnormal thermal events,biomarker reliability extends to at least 190℃.In conclusion,examining the special formation mechanisms and conditions of various secondary processes can offer valuable insights for reconstructing the history of petroleum accumulation in ultradeep reservoirs.This research provides a scientific foundation for advancing our knowledge of petroleum systems and underscores the importance of hydrocarbon geochemistry in unraveling ultra-deep,complex geological phenomena.展开更多
Efficient and innovative nano-catalytic oxidation technologies offer a breakthrough in removing emerging contaminants(ECs)from water,surpassing the limitations of traditional methods.Environmental functional materials...Efficient and innovative nano-catalytic oxidation technologies offer a breakthrough in removing emerging contaminants(ECs)from water,surpassing the limitations of traditional methods.Environmental functional materials(EFMs),particularly high-end oxidation systems using eco-friendly nanomaterials,show promise for absorbing and degrading ECs.This literature review presents a comprehensive analysis of diverse traditional restoration techniques-biological,physical,and chemical-assessing their respective applications and limitations in pesticide-contaminated water purification.Through meticulous comparison,we unequivocally advocate for the imperative integration of environmentally benign nanomaterials,notably titanium-based variants,in forthcoming methodologies.Our in-depth exploration scrutinizes the catalytic efficacy,underlying mechanisms,and adaptability of pioneering titanium-based nanomaterials across a spectrum of environmental contexts.Additionally,strategic recommendations are furnished to surmount challenges and propel the frontiers of implementing eco-friendly nanomaterials in practical water treatment scenarios.展开更多
Mantle plumes and surface erosion and sediment deposition affect the modes of continental lithospheric rupturing in extensional tectonic settings,modulating the evolution of rifting margins.However,their relative cont...Mantle plumes and surface erosion and sediment deposition affect the modes of continental lithospheric rupturing in extensional tectonic settings,modulating the evolution of rifting margins.However,their relative contributions to the overall evolution of rifting margins and possible roles in the formation of microcontinent are still elusive.Here,we use coupled geodynamic and surface processes numerical modeling to assess the extent to which surface processes may determine the formation of microcontinent during lithospheric stretching in presence or absence of a mantle plume underneath.Our modeling results indicate that fast extension rates and hillslope(i.e.,diffusion)erosion promote ridge jump events and therefore the formation of microcontinents.On the contrary,efficient fluvial erosion and far-reaching sediment transport(i.e.,stream power erosion)inhibits ridge jump events and the formation of microcontinents.The ridge jump event and overall evolution in our numerical models is consistent with the shift from the Mascarene Ridge to the Carlsberg Ridge that determined the formation of the Seychelles microcontinent.We therefore speculate that hillslope erosion,rather than fluvial erosion,was predominant during the formation of the Seychelles,a possible indication of overall dry local climate conditions.展开更多
Background Pain sensitivity is critical for preventing non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behaviours;however,individuals engaging in such behaviours often exhibit decreased pain sensitivity,which may undermine this natural...Background Pain sensitivity is critical for preventing non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behaviours;however,individuals engaging in such behaviours often exhibit decreased pain sensitivity,which may undermine this natural safeguard.The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)is a key region involved in pain regulation,and recent approaches using transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)to target the DLPFC have shown potential for modulating pain processing and restoring normal pain perception for individuals engaging in NSSI behaviours.Aims This study aimed to explore the immediate and short-term effects of a single session of tDCS on pain sensitivity in individuals with NSSI,as well as its secondary effects on mood and NSSI-related factors.Methods In this randomised,double-blind,parallel,sham-controlled clinical trial,participants with a history of NSSI were randomly assigned to receive either active or sham tDCS.The intervention consisted of a single 20 min tDCS session targeting the left DLPFC.The primary outcome was pain sensitivity,measured by the pressure pain threshold(PPT)and heat pain score(HPS).Secondary and additional outcomes included NSSI urges,NSSI resistance,self-efficacy in resisting NSSI,mood-related variables and exploratory cognitive-affective processes such as rumination,self-criticism and self-perceived pain sensitivity,assessed at baseline,immediately post-intervention,and at 24 hours,1 week and 2 weeks follow-ups.Results For the primary outcomes,no significant differences between groups were observed for pain sensitivity(PPT,padj=0.812;HPS,padj=0.608).However,an exploratory sensitivity analysis treating each trial as an individual observation revealed a significant effect on HPS(padj=0.036).For the secondary and additional outcomes,although there were initial improvements in joyful feelings and reductions in negative affect at 2 weeks post-intervention,these effects did not remain significant after multiple comparison corrections.Notably,reductions in rumination were statistically significant at both 1-week and 2-week follow-ups(1 week,p_(adj)=0.040;2 weeks,p_(adj)=0.042).There were no significant effects on NSSI urges,NSSI resistance,self-efficacy in resisting NSSI or self-criticism.Conclusions A single session of tDCS over the left DLPFC did not produce significant changes in pain sensitivity in individuals with NSSI.A sensitivity analysis indicated an effect on heat pain sensitivity,possibly reflecting changes in brain activity,warranting confirmation through neuroimaging.These findings suggest that tDCS warrants further investigation for its potential to influence pain-related cognitive-affective processes in individuals with NSSI.展开更多
Vegetation restoration is a critical strategy for mitigating debris flow hazards by stabilizing slopes and modifying hydrological processes.Effective planning of priority restoration areas is particularly essential in...Vegetation restoration is a critical strategy for mitigating debris flow hazards by stabilizing slopes and modifying hydrological processes.Effective planning of priority restoration areas is particularly essential in dry-hot valley regions,where extreme hydrothermal conditions pose significant challenges.This study presents a novel framework that integrates microclimatic variables,such as temperature lapse rates,to enhance the spatial precision of revegetation efforts.The Reshuihe watershed in Southwest China,a representative dry-hot valley,was chosen as the study area.By analyzing hourly temperature and rainfall across an elevation gradient,a quadratic relationship between temperature lapse rates and weak rainfall events was identified,underscoring the role of microclimatic processes in influencing rainfall distribution and plant-available water.Rainfall peaks were observed when the temperature lapse rate was approximately 4.5°C/km.This relationship was incorporated into a cost-based restoration framework using the Marxan model,optimizing the spatial allocation of priority areas for revegetation.Results demonstrated that integrating microclimatic variables significantly improved the effectiveness of revegetation strategies,particularly for reducing debris flow risks.The lowest restoration costs were observed between elevations of 3200 m and 3300 m,where strong correlations between temperature lapse rates and rainfall were recorded.Priority restoration areas covered 41 km^(2),targeting zones with high debris flow risks.These findings highlight the value of incorporating microclimatic data into revegetation planning,enabling cost-effective and ecologically sustainable hazard mitigation in regions vulnerable to hydrological hazards.展开更多
Complex industrial processes present typical uncertainty due to fluctuations in the composition of raw materials and frequently changing operating conditions.This poses three challenges for precise fault diagnosis,inc...Complex industrial processes present typical uncertainty due to fluctuations in the composition of raw materials and frequently changing operating conditions.This poses three challenges for precise fault diagnosis,including random noise interference,less distinguishability between multi-class faults,and the new fault emerging.To address these issues,this study formulates fault diagnosis in uncertain industrial processes as a multilevel refined fault diagnosis problem.A hierarchical stochastic network approach is proposed to refine fault diagnosis of multiclass faults.This method considers the augmentation of fault categories as naturally following a hierarchical structure.At each hierarchical stage,stochastic network methods are designed according to the sources of uncertainty.For fault feature extraction,a doubly stochastic attention-based variational graph autoencoder is introduced to suppress noise during the messagepassing process,ensuring the extraction of high-quality fault features and providing the provision of differentiated information.Subsequently,multiple stochastic configuration networks are deployed to realize multi-level fault diagnosis from coarse to fine granularity via a hierarchical structure rather than treating all faults equally.This approach effectively enhances the precision of multi-class fault diagnosis and ensures its robust generalization capability.Finally,the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are validated using two industrial processes.The results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively suppress the random noise interference and adapt to the emergence of small samples and imbalanced extreme fault-type data,achieving a satisfactory fault diagnosis performance.展开更多
Integrated continuous stirred-tank reactors and distillation columns with recycle(CSTR-DC-recycle)are essential components in chemical processes.This paper proposes a method to establish a normal operating zone(NOZ)mo...Integrated continuous stirred-tank reactors and distillation columns with recycle(CSTR-DC-recycle)are essential components in chemical processes.This paper proposes a method to establish a normal operating zone(NOZ)model to represent allowable variations of the CSTR-DC-recycle chemical processes.The NOZ is a geometric space containing all safe operating points of the CSTR-DC-recycle chemical processes,so that it is an effective model for process monitoring.The novelty of the proposed method is to establish the NOZ model based on boundary points.The boundary points make it possible to capture the actual geometric space irrespective of the space shape.In contrast,existing methods represent the NOZ of processes by fixed mathematical models such as ellipsoidal and convex-hull models;they are not suitable for the CSTR-DC-recycle chemical processes whose NOZs cannot be exactly defined by fixed mathematical structures.Simulated case studies based on Aspen Hysys software are given to illustrate the proposed method.展开更多
文摘The aging process is an inexorable fact throughout our lives and is considered a major factor in develo ping neurological dysfunctions associated with cognitive,emotional,and motor impairments.Aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neuronal structure and function.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42277161 and 42230709).
文摘In rock engineering,natural cracks in rock masses subjected to external loads tend to initiate and propagate,leading to potential safety hazards.To investigate the effect of cracking behavior on the mechanical properties of rocks,the cracking processes of pre-cracked rocks have been extensively studied using numerical modeling methods.The peridynamics(PD)exhibits advantages over other numerical methods due to the absence of the requirements for remeshing and external crack growth criterion.However,for modeling pre-cracked rock cracking processes under impact,current PD implementations lack generally applicable rock constitutive models and impact contact models,which leads to difficulties in determining rock material parameters and efficiently calculating impact loads.This paper proposes a non-ordinary state-based peridynamics(NOSBPD)modeling method integrating the Drucker-Prager(DP)plasticity model and an efficient contact model to address the above problems.In the proposed method,the Drucker-Prager plasticity model is integrated into the NOSBPD,thereby equipping NOSBPD with the capability to accurately characterize the nonlinear stress-strain relationship inherent in rocks.An efficient contact model between particles and meshes is designed to calculate the impact loads,which is essentially a coupling method of PD with the finite element method(FEM).The effectiveness of the proposed NOSBPD modeling method is verified by comparison with other numerical methods and experiments.Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can effectively and accurately predict the 3D cracking processes of pre-cracked cracks under impact loading,and the maximum principal stress is the key driver behind wing crack formation in pre-cracked rocks.
文摘The chemical industry plays a critical role in supporting global economic development,yet its traditional production paradigms are associated with high resource consumption,energy demand,and environmental impact.To deal with the growing regulatory burden,societal demands,and environmental targets,eco-friendly processes in chemicals have become one of the major approaches to ensuring industrialization with environmental safety.This review includes an overall summary of the recent developments of green chemical processes with the focus on the basic principles,facilitating structures,and technologies that form the basis of sustainable chemical production.The most important advances in sustainable feedstocks,green catalysis,environmentally benign solvents,energy-efficient and intensified process technologies are also essential introductions,and the importance of digitalization,artificial intelligence,and life cycle-informed assessment tools in environmental performance optimization is also increasing.The review also discusses some of the barriers related to industry implementation,such as scalability,economic viability,and the necessity of having strong sustainability verification.Using chosen industrial case studies of China,South Korea,and Vietnam,various ways of integrating eco-friendly processes are demonstrated,including the adoption of renewable energy and low-carbon hydrogen,the adoption of circular plastics,and refinery energy optimization.Such examples demonstrate the significance of regional settings,system-level integration,and open environmental assessment in achieving significant sustainability results.The presented insights should guide the way future research proceeds and facilitate the shift toward the low-impact chemical manufacturing systems that are resilient.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A20241 and 21876105)Shaanxi“Scientist&Engineer”Team(No.2023KXJ-131)Xianyang Key S&T Special Projects(No.L2023-ZDKJ-QCY-SXGG-GY-007).
文摘Electrocatalytic oxidation is a promising technology for wastewater treatment,but poor mass transfer and low current efficiency impaded its engineering applications.To address these issues,researchers have developed flow-through electrochemical reactors(FERs)primarily based on porous electrodes,where the pore structure significantly impacts the electrochemical reaction.Therefore,this study systematically investigated the impact of different pore sizes on the fluid dynamics,current potential distribution,mass transfer processes,and degradation performance of FERs.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)results indicated that smaller pore sizes(10μm,30μm,and 60μm)significantly enhanced convective effects within the fluid,reduced short fluid paths and dead volume regions within the microchannels,and facilitated mass transfer processes.Additionally,smaller pore sizes were conducive to a uniform distribution of current density.Furthermore,Fe(CN)_(6)^(4−)oxidation experiments revealed that the current density at a pore size of 160μm was notably lower than that at 10μm,indicating slower mass transfer of Fe(CN)_(6)^(4−)within larger channels.Calculations based on experimental results demonstrated that the mass transfer rate at a pore size of 10μm was six times than that at 160μm,further confirming the enhancing effect of smaller pore sizes on the mass transfer process.Lastly,experiments on tetracycline degradation showed that at a residence time of 90 s,the removal efficiencies of tetracycline were 80%and 39.1%for porous electrodes with pore sizes of 10μm and 160μm,respectively,demonstrating the superior removal efficiency of smaller pore sizes for tetracycline degradation.
基金supported in part by the Pioneer Research and Development Program of Zhejiang(2025C01021)Zhejiang Province Postdoctoral Research Project Selection Fund(ZJ2025061)+3 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project-Intelligent Manufacturing Systems and Robotics of China(2025ZD1602000,2025ZD1601800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61933015,62273030,62573387)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang province,China(LY24F030004)the Fundamental Research Funds of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(25222139-Y)。
文摘Ironmaking process(IP)is indispensable to modern iron and steel industry,where real-time monitoring is crucial for achieving high molten iron quality(MIQ)with low energy consumption.While neural network-based models show some promising results,they are generally limited by non-negligible drawbacks such as interpretability issues of feature learning.To address these issues,we propose a novel concept based on the shallow-to-deep correlation network representation regression(Sh-to-De CNRR).Our approach,shallow correlation network representation regression(ShCNRR),combines neural network and canonical correlation analysis thoughts to generate explainable features via shallow correlation network representation(CNR).A twin inverse network is then derived to obtain the explicit model output,leveraging the shallow CNR.To capture deeper nonlinear information,we extend ShCNRR into a hierarchical deep correlation network representation regression(DeCNRR)model that features stacked neural networks,enabling us to learn deeper CNR from process data.The feasibility and advantages of our proposals are validated by theoretical derivations and practical IP cases,which contain one MIQ regression and three MIQ-related fault detection tasks.The results reveal that highly fused statistical and neural network models yield superior monitoring performance compared to current state-of-the-art models,while statistical tests verify the convincing feature mining.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Project of PetroChina Company Limited“Research on Key Technologies for Enhancing Recovery in Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs”,specifically under its third sub-project:“Research on Integrated Fracturing,Drainage,and Production Technology to Enhance Single-Well Production in Water-Bearing Gas Reservoirs”(Grant number:2023ZZ25YJ03).
文摘To address the persistent challenge of dynamic mismatch between wellbore lifting capacity and reservoir fluid supply,and to establish a robust optimization framework for drainage operations in high-water-cut tight sandstone gas reservoirs,this study systematically investigates the graded optimization and dynamic adaptation of drainage gas recovery technologies.Production data from a representative tight gas field were first employed to forecast reservoir performance.The predictive reliability was rigorously validated through high-precision history matching,thereby providing a quantitatively consistent foundation for subsequent wellbore optimization.Building on this characterization,a coupled simulation framework was developed that integrates wellbore multiphase flow modeling with nodal analysis based on the Inflow Performance Relationship,IPR,and the Vertical Lift Performance,VLP.This coordinated approach enables comprehensive evaluation of process adaptability and dynamic optimization of foam-assisted drainage,mechanical pumping,and jet pumping systems under evolving water-gas ratio,WGR conditions.The results reveal that a progressively increasing water-gas ratio is the dominant factor driving the transition from chemically assisted drainage methods to mechanically enhanced lifting technologies.A distinct quantitative threshold is identified at WGR≈0.002,beyond which mechanical intervention becomes more effective and economically justified.For mechanical pumping and jet pumping systems,a parameter inversion optimization strategy constrained by the target bottomhole flowing pressure,Pwf,is proposed to ensure stable production while maintaining reservoir drawdown control.In particular,the nozzle-to-throat area ratio of the jet pump is identified as the key governing parameter influencing entrainment capacity and lifting efficiency.Moreover,a configuration characterized by small pump diameter,long stroke length,and low operating speed is demonstrated to satisfy drainage requirements while mitigating torque fluctuations,enhancing volumetric efficiency,and improving pump fillage stability.
文摘In November 1984,China launched its first expedition to the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic continent,culminating in the establishment of its first year-round research station—Great Wall Station—on the Antarctic Peninsula in February 1985.Forty years later,in February 2024,China’s fifth research station,Qinling Station,commenced operations on Inexpress-ible Island near Terra Nova Bay.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42007428)the National Forage Industry Technology System Program of China(No.CARS34)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi,China(No.2022SF-285)Shaanxi Province Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Program,China(No.SXLK2022-02-14)。
文摘Effective vegetation reconstruction plays a vital role in the restoration of desert ecosystems.However,in reconstruction of different vegetation types,the community characteristics,assembly processes,and functions of different soil microbial taxa under environmental changes are still disputed,which limits the understanding of the sustainability of desert restoration.Hence,we investigated the soil microbial community characteristics and functional attributes of grassland desert(GD),desert steppe(DS),typical steppe(TS),and artificial forest(AF)in the Mu Us Desert,China.Our findings confirmed the geographical conservation of soil microbial composition but highlighted decreased microbial diversity in TS.Meanwhile,the abundance of rare taxa and microbial community stability in TS improved.Heterogeneous and homogeneous selection determined the assembly of rare and abundant bacterial taxa,respectively,with both being significantly influenced by soil moisture.In contrast,fungal communities displayed stochastic processes and exhibited sensitivity to soil nutrient conditions.Furthermore,our investigation revealed a noteworthy augmentation in bacterial metabolic functionality in TS,aligning with improved vegetation restoration and the assemblage of abundant bacterial taxa.However,within nutrient-limited soils(GD,DS,and AF),the assembly dynamics of rare fungal taxa assumed a prominent role in augmenting their metabolic capacity and adaptability to desert ecosystems.These results highlighted the variations in the assembly processes and metabolic functions of soil microorganisms during vegetation reestablishment and provided corresponding theoretical support for anthropogenic revegetation of desert ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3205300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22176124).
文摘Current research on heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes(HAOPs)predominantly emphasizes catalyst iteration and innovation.Significant efforts have been made to regulate the electron structure and optimize the electron distribution,thereby increasing the catalytic activity.However,this focus often overshadows an equally essential aspect of HAOPs:the adsorption effect.Adsorption is a critical initiator for triggering the interaction of oxidants and contaminants with heterogeneous catalysts.The efficacy of these interactions is influenced by a variety of physicochemical properties,including surface chemistry and pore sizes,which determine the affinities between contaminants and material surfaces.This dispar ity in affinity is pivotal because it underpins the selective removal of contaminants,especially in complex waste streams containing diverse contaminants and competing matrices.Consequently,understanding and mastering these interfacial interactions is fundamentally indispensable not only for improving pro cess efficiency but also for enhancing the selectivity of contaminant removal.Herein,we highlight the importance of adsorption-driven interfacial interactions for fundamentally elucidating the catalytic mechanisms of HAOPs.Such interactions dictate the overall performance of the treatment processes by balancing the adsorption,reaction,and desorption rates on the catalyst surfaces.Elucidating the adsorption effect not only shifts the paradigm in understanding HAOPs but also improves their practical ity in water treatment and wastewater decontamination.Overall,we propose that revisiting adsorption driven interfacial interactions holds great promise for optimizing catalytic processes to develop effective HAOP strategies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3504501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52274355)。
文摘This paper focuses on the preparation of rare earth oxide products from rare earth chloride solutions during the rare earth extraction and separation processes,as well as the recycling of magnesium chloride solutions.It proposes the idea of introducing spray pyrolysis technology into the rare earth extraction and separation processes.This paper briefly describes the development history of chloride spray pyrolysis technology,focusing on the research status and application progress of rare earth chloride solution and magnesium chloride solution spray pyrolysis technology,as well as spray pyrolysis equipment.The paper also analyzes the challenges and technical intricacies associated with applying spray pyrolysis technology to chloride solutions in the rare earth extraction and separation processes.Additionally,it explores future trends and proposes strategies to facilitate the full recycling of acids and bases,streamline the process flow,and enhance the prospects for green and low-carbon rare earth metallurgy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22B6003 and No.52274010)the China Scholarship Council(No.202008080235)。
文摘In oil and gas well cementing processes,accurately predicting the bottom hole circulating temperature(BHCT)is critical to ensuring effective zonal isolation.Overestimating the temperature can lead to excessive retardation issues,while underestimation can cause cementing accidents.Current methods for calculating the BHCT of cement slurry typically simplify the cementing processes to a single-fluid circulation and ignore the impact of pre-cementing processes on temperature,leading to significant discrepancies between calculated and actual results.In this study,the wellbore and formation are simplified into a two-dimensional axisymmetric structure,and a mathematical model of the temperature field under multi-fluid and multi-step conditions is established based on the law of energy conservation.The finite volume method was used to discretize the model,and a transient temperature field solver for the entire cementing process was developed,which can numerically calculate the temperature of any fluid at any time,any location.For an actual well example,the temperature distribution of the wellbore and formation after casing running is taken as the initial condition.Numerical calculations were performed sequentially to calculate the temperature fields of circulation flushing,wellbore preparation,and cementing,as well as the BHCT of the cement slurry.The study reveals that during the circulation flushing stage,the maximum temperature point in the wellbore is located at a distance of about 366 m above the bottom of the well.In the wellbore preparation stage,due to static heat exchange,the maximum temperature point gradually shifts to the bottom of the well.The BHCT of cement slurry changes continuously under cementing processes with multi-fluid and multi-step,making it a transient value.The BHCT of the lead slurry and tail slurry are not equal,with the maximum BHCT of the tail slurry being 2.46°C higher than that of the lead slurry.If circulation flushing and wellbore preparation are not considered,the calculated BHCT of the cement slurry will have errors of+6.8%and-1.9%.The study highlighted that considering thermal effects of all cementing stages,such as circulation flushing and wellbore preparation,in BHCT calculations can help improve prediction accuracy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42007178 and 41907327)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei(Nos.2020CFB463 and 2019CFB372)+4 种基金China Geological Survey(Nos.DD20160304 and DD20190824)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.CUG 190644 and CUGL180817)National Key Research and Development Program(No.2019YFC1805502)Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics,MNR and GZAR(Institute of Karst Geology,CAGS)Guilin(No.KDL201703)Key Laboratory of Karst Ecosystem and Treatment of Rocky Desertification,MNR and IRCK by UNESCO(No.KDL201903)。
文摘To investigate groundwater flow and solute transport characteristics of the karst trough zone in China,tracer experiments were conducted at two adjacent typical karst groundwater flow systems(Yuquandong(YQD)and Migongquan(MGQ))in Sixi valley,western Hubei,China.Highresolution continuous monitoring was utilized to obtain breakthrough curves(BTCs),which were then analyzed using the multi-dispersion model(MDM)and the two-region nonequilibrium model(2RNE)with basic parameters calculated by CXTFIT and QTRACER2.Results showed that:(1)YQD flow system had a complex infiltration matrix with overland flow,conduit flow and fracture flow,while the MGQ flow system was dominated by conduit flow with fast flow transport velocity,but also small amount of fracture flow there;(2)They were well fitted based on the MDM(R^2=0.928)and 2RNE(R^2=0.947)models,indicating that they had strong adaptability in the karst trough zone;(3)conceptual models for YQD and MGQ groundwater systems were generalized.In YQD system,the solute was transported via overland flow during intense rainfall,while some infiltrated down into fissures and conduits.In MGQ system,most were directly transported to spring outlet in the fissureconduit network.
文摘In the published version of our article(Shaji et al.,2024),in the last paragraph of the article,Hong Kong should be corrected to Hong Kong(China)and the repetition of Spain and Ireland in the same sentence need to be deleted.The correct sentence is as below.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Grant No.42173054)。
文摘Light oil and gas reservoirs are abundant in the Ordovician marine carbonate reservoir in Shunbei Oilfield,Tarim Basin.This presents a compelling geological puzzle,as ultra-deep reservoirs undergo intense alteration and complex petroleum accumulation processes.A comprehensive suite of geochemical analyses,including molecular components,carbon isotope composition,homogenization temperature of saline inclusions,and burial-thermal history of single wells,was conducted to elucidate the genesis of these ancient reservoirs.Three petroleum filling events have been identified in the study area:Late Caledonian,Hercynian-Indosinian,and Himalayan,through analysis of homogenization temperatures of brine inclusions and burial-thermal histories.Additionally,the oil in the study area has undergone significant alteration processes such as biodegradation,thermal alteration,mixing,evaporative fractionation,and gas invasion.This study particularly emphasizes the influential role of Himalayan gas filling-induced evaporation fractionation and gas invasion in shaping the present petroleum phase distribution.Furthermore,analysis of light hydrocarbon and diamondoid parameters indicates the oil within the study area is at a high maturity stage,with equivalent vitrinite reflectance values ranging from 1.48%to 1.99%.Additionally,the analysis of light hydrocarbons,aromatics,and thiadiamondoids indicates that TSR should occur in reservoirs near the gypsum-salt layers in the Cambrian.The existence of the Cambrian petroleum system in the study area is strongly confirmed when considering the analysis results of natural gas type(oil cracking gas),evaporative fractionation,and gas invasion.Permian local thermal anomalies notably emerge as a significant factor contributing to the destruction of biomarkers in oil.For oil not subject to transient,abnormal thermal events,biomarker reliability extends to at least 190℃.In conclusion,examining the special formation mechanisms and conditions of various secondary processes can offer valuable insights for reconstructing the history of petroleum accumulation in ultradeep reservoirs.This research provides a scientific foundation for advancing our knowledge of petroleum systems and underscores the importance of hydrocarbon geochemistry in unraveling ultra-deep,complex geological phenomena.
基金supported by the Research Platform Open Fund Project of Zhejiang Industry and Trade Vocation College(No.Kf202203)the Scientific Research Project of CCCC First Harbor Engineering Company Ltd.(No.2022-7-2)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22406142)the Fellowship of China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX20230262)the Fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M732636)the Shanghai Post-doctoral Excellence Program(No.2023755).
文摘Efficient and innovative nano-catalytic oxidation technologies offer a breakthrough in removing emerging contaminants(ECs)from water,surpassing the limitations of traditional methods.Environmental functional materials(EFMs),particularly high-end oxidation systems using eco-friendly nanomaterials,show promise for absorbing and degrading ECs.This literature review presents a comprehensive analysis of diverse traditional restoration techniques-biological,physical,and chemical-assessing their respective applications and limitations in pesticide-contaminated water purification.Through meticulous comparison,we unequivocally advocate for the imperative integration of environmentally benign nanomaterials,notably titanium-based variants,in forthcoming methodologies.Our in-depth exploration scrutinizes the catalytic efficacy,underlying mechanisms,and adaptability of pioneering titanium-based nanomaterials across a spectrum of environmental contexts.Additionally,strategic recommendations are furnished to surmount challenges and propel the frontiers of implementing eco-friendly nanomaterials in practical water treatment scenarios.
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.41920104010)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M762767)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University,CHD(No.300102264104)by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZC20241444)supported by Fondazione Cariplo and Fondazione CDP(No.2022-1546_001)by the Italian Ministry of Education,MUR(Project Dipartimenti di Eccellenza,TECLA,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences,University of Milano-Bicocca)。
文摘Mantle plumes and surface erosion and sediment deposition affect the modes of continental lithospheric rupturing in extensional tectonic settings,modulating the evolution of rifting margins.However,their relative contributions to the overall evolution of rifting margins and possible roles in the formation of microcontinent are still elusive.Here,we use coupled geodynamic and surface processes numerical modeling to assess the extent to which surface processes may determine the formation of microcontinent during lithospheric stretching in presence or absence of a mantle plume underneath.Our modeling results indicate that fast extension rates and hillslope(i.e.,diffusion)erosion promote ridge jump events and therefore the formation of microcontinents.On the contrary,efficient fluvial erosion and far-reaching sediment transport(i.e.,stream power erosion)inhibits ridge jump events and the formation of microcontinents.The ridge jump event and overall evolution in our numerical models is consistent with the shift from the Mascarene Ridge to the Carlsberg Ridge that determined the formation of the Seychelles microcontinent.We therefore speculate that hillslope erosion,rather than fluvial erosion,was predominant during the formation of the Seychelles,a possible indication of overall dry local climate conditions.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82471564)YT is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32322035,32171078).
文摘Background Pain sensitivity is critical for preventing non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behaviours;however,individuals engaging in such behaviours often exhibit decreased pain sensitivity,which may undermine this natural safeguard.The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)is a key region involved in pain regulation,and recent approaches using transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)to target the DLPFC have shown potential for modulating pain processing and restoring normal pain perception for individuals engaging in NSSI behaviours.Aims This study aimed to explore the immediate and short-term effects of a single session of tDCS on pain sensitivity in individuals with NSSI,as well as its secondary effects on mood and NSSI-related factors.Methods In this randomised,double-blind,parallel,sham-controlled clinical trial,participants with a history of NSSI were randomly assigned to receive either active or sham tDCS.The intervention consisted of a single 20 min tDCS session targeting the left DLPFC.The primary outcome was pain sensitivity,measured by the pressure pain threshold(PPT)and heat pain score(HPS).Secondary and additional outcomes included NSSI urges,NSSI resistance,self-efficacy in resisting NSSI,mood-related variables and exploratory cognitive-affective processes such as rumination,self-criticism and self-perceived pain sensitivity,assessed at baseline,immediately post-intervention,and at 24 hours,1 week and 2 weeks follow-ups.Results For the primary outcomes,no significant differences between groups were observed for pain sensitivity(PPT,padj=0.812;HPS,padj=0.608).However,an exploratory sensitivity analysis treating each trial as an individual observation revealed a significant effect on HPS(padj=0.036).For the secondary and additional outcomes,although there were initial improvements in joyful feelings and reductions in negative affect at 2 weeks post-intervention,these effects did not remain significant after multiple comparison corrections.Notably,reductions in rumination were statistically significant at both 1-week and 2-week follow-ups(1 week,p_(adj)=0.040;2 weeks,p_(adj)=0.042).There were no significant effects on NSSI urges,NSSI resistance,self-efficacy in resisting NSSI or self-criticism.Conclusions A single session of tDCS over the left DLPFC did not produce significant changes in pain sensitivity in individuals with NSSI.A sensitivity analysis indicated an effect on heat pain sensitivity,possibly reflecting changes in brain activity,warranting confirmation through neuroimaging.These findings suggest that tDCS warrants further investigation for its potential to influence pain-related cognitive-affective processes in individuals with NSSI.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for General Program(42171118)the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(41925030)the Special Funding Projects of Talents of Yunnan Province(YNWR-QNBJ-2020-099).
文摘Vegetation restoration is a critical strategy for mitigating debris flow hazards by stabilizing slopes and modifying hydrological processes.Effective planning of priority restoration areas is particularly essential in dry-hot valley regions,where extreme hydrothermal conditions pose significant challenges.This study presents a novel framework that integrates microclimatic variables,such as temperature lapse rates,to enhance the spatial precision of revegetation efforts.The Reshuihe watershed in Southwest China,a representative dry-hot valley,was chosen as the study area.By analyzing hourly temperature and rainfall across an elevation gradient,a quadratic relationship between temperature lapse rates and weak rainfall events was identified,underscoring the role of microclimatic processes in influencing rainfall distribution and plant-available water.Rainfall peaks were observed when the temperature lapse rate was approximately 4.5°C/km.This relationship was incorporated into a cost-based restoration framework using the Marxan model,optimizing the spatial allocation of priority areas for revegetation.Results demonstrated that integrating microclimatic variables significantly improved the effectiveness of revegetation strategies,particularly for reducing debris flow risks.The lowest restoration costs were observed between elevations of 3200 m and 3300 m,where strong correlations between temperature lapse rates and rainfall were recorded.Priority restoration areas covered 41 km^(2),targeting zones with high debris flow risks.These findings highlight the value of incorporating microclimatic data into revegetation planning,enabling cost-effective and ecologically sustainable hazard mitigation in regions vulnerable to hydrological hazards.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3304900)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2022RC1089)+1 种基金the Central South University Innovation Driven Research Programme(2023CXQD040)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(2025ZZTS0213).
文摘Complex industrial processes present typical uncertainty due to fluctuations in the composition of raw materials and frequently changing operating conditions.This poses three challenges for precise fault diagnosis,including random noise interference,less distinguishability between multi-class faults,and the new fault emerging.To address these issues,this study formulates fault diagnosis in uncertain industrial processes as a multilevel refined fault diagnosis problem.A hierarchical stochastic network approach is proposed to refine fault diagnosis of multiclass faults.This method considers the augmentation of fault categories as naturally following a hierarchical structure.At each hierarchical stage,stochastic network methods are designed according to the sources of uncertainty.For fault feature extraction,a doubly stochastic attention-based variational graph autoencoder is introduced to suppress noise during the messagepassing process,ensuring the extraction of high-quality fault features and providing the provision of differentiated information.Subsequently,multiple stochastic configuration networks are deployed to realize multi-level fault diagnosis from coarse to fine granularity via a hierarchical structure rather than treating all faults equally.This approach effectively enhances the precision of multi-class fault diagnosis and ensures its robust generalization capability.Finally,the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are validated using two industrial processes.The results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively suppress the random noise interference and adapt to the emergence of small samples and imbalanced extreme fault-type data,achieving a satisfactory fault diagnosis performance.
基金partially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273215)。
文摘Integrated continuous stirred-tank reactors and distillation columns with recycle(CSTR-DC-recycle)are essential components in chemical processes.This paper proposes a method to establish a normal operating zone(NOZ)model to represent allowable variations of the CSTR-DC-recycle chemical processes.The NOZ is a geometric space containing all safe operating points of the CSTR-DC-recycle chemical processes,so that it is an effective model for process monitoring.The novelty of the proposed method is to establish the NOZ model based on boundary points.The boundary points make it possible to capture the actual geometric space irrespective of the space shape.In contrast,existing methods represent the NOZ of processes by fixed mathematical models such as ellipsoidal and convex-hull models;they are not suitable for the CSTR-DC-recycle chemical processes whose NOZs cannot be exactly defined by fixed mathematical structures.Simulated case studies based on Aspen Hysys software are given to illustrate the proposed method.
