Recent reports suggest that aging is not solely a physiological process in living beings;instead, it should be considered a pathological process or disease(Amorim et al., 2022). Consequently, this process involves a w...Recent reports suggest that aging is not solely a physiological process in living beings;instead, it should be considered a pathological process or disease(Amorim et al., 2022). Consequently, this process involves a wide range of factors, spanning from genetic to environmental factors, and even includes the gut microbiome(GM)(Mayer et al., 2022). All these processes coincide at some point in the inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, at different degrees in various organs and systems that constitute a living organism(Mayer et al., 2022;AguilarHernández et al., 2023).展开更多
Sinter is the core raw material for blast furnaces.Flue pressure,which is an important state parameter,affects sinter quality.In this paper,flue pressure prediction and optimization were studied based on the shapley a...Sinter is the core raw material for blast furnaces.Flue pressure,which is an important state parameter,affects sinter quality.In this paper,flue pressure prediction and optimization were studied based on the shapley additive explanation(SHAP)to predict the flue pressure and take targeted adjustment measures.First,the sintering process data were collected and processed.A flue pressure prediction model was then constructed after comparing different feature selection methods and model algorithms using SHAP+extremely random-ized trees(ET).The prediction accuracy of the model within the error range of±0.25 kPa was 92.63%.SHAP analysis was employed to improve the interpretability of the prediction model.The effects of various sintering operation parameters on flue pressure,the relation-ship between the numerical range of key operation parameters and flue pressure,the effect of operation parameter combinations on flue pressure,and the prediction process of the flue pressure prediction model on a single sample were analyzed.A flue pressure optimization module was also constructed and analyzed when the prediction satisfied the judgment conditions.The operating parameter combination was then pushed.The flue pressure was increased by 5.87%during the verification process,achieving a good optimization effect.展开更多
Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network act...Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology,featuring a bulk p-in structure and proper vertical segregation achieved through additive-assisted layer-by-layer deposition.This optimized hierarchical gradient fibrillar morphology and optical management synergistically facilitates exciton diffusion,reduces recombination losses,and enhances light capture capability.This approach not only offers a solution to achieving high-efficiency devices but also demonstrates the potential for commercial applications of OSCs.展开更多
S and Co co-doped carbon catalysts were prepared via pyrolysis of MOF-71 and thiourea mixtures at 800℃at a mass ratio of MOF-71 to thiourea of 1:0.1 to effectively activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS)for methylene blue(MB...S and Co co-doped carbon catalysts were prepared via pyrolysis of MOF-71 and thiourea mixtures at 800℃at a mass ratio of MOF-71 to thiourea of 1:0.1 to effectively activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS)for methylene blue(MB)degradation.The effects of two different mixing routes were identified on the MB degradation performance.Particularly,the catalyst obtained by the alcohol solvent evaporation(MOF-AEP)mixing route could degrade 95.60%MB(50 mg/L)within 4 min(degradation rate:K=0.78 min^(-1)),which was faster than that derived from the direct grinding method(MOF-DGP,80.97%,K=0.39 min^(-1)).X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the Co-S content of MOF-AEP(43.39at%)was less than that of MOF-DGP(54.73at%),and the proportion of C-S-C in MOF-AEP(13.56at%)was higher than that of MOF-DGP(10.67at%).Density functional theory calculations revealed that the adsorption energy of Co for PMS was -2.94 eV when sulfur was doped as C-S-C on the carbon skeleton,which was higher than that when sulfur was doped next to cobalt in the form of Co-S bond(-2.86 eV).Thus,the C-S-C sites might provide more contributions to activate PMS compared with Co-S.Furthermore,the degradation parameters,including pH and MOF-AEP dosage,were investigated.Finally,radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)measurements revealed that ^(1)O_(2)might be the primary catalytic species,whereas·O~(2-)might be the secondary one in degrading MB.展开更多
Photovoltaic (PV) modules, as essential components of solar power generation systems, significantly influence unitpower generation costs.The service life of these modules directly affects these costs. Over time, the p...Photovoltaic (PV) modules, as essential components of solar power generation systems, significantly influence unitpower generation costs.The service life of these modules directly affects these costs. Over time, the performanceof PV modules gradually declines due to internal degradation and external environmental factors.This cumulativedegradation impacts the overall reliability of photovoltaic power generation. This study addresses the complexdegradation process of PV modules by developing a two-stage Wiener process model. This approach accountsfor the distinct phases of degradation resulting from module aging and environmental influences. A powerdegradation model based on the two-stage Wiener process is constructed to describe individual differences inmodule degradation processes. To estimate the model parameters, a combination of the Expectation-Maximization(EM) algorithm and the Bayesian method is employed. Furthermore, the Schwarz Information Criterion (SIC) isutilized to identify critical change points in PV module degradation trajectories. To validate the universality andeffectiveness of the proposed method, a comparative analysis is conducted against other established life predictiontechniques for PV modules.展开更多
This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standar...This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.展开更多
Fenton and Fenton-like processes,which could produce highly reactive species to degrade organic contaminants,have been widely used in the field of wastewater treatment.Therein,the chemistry of Fenton process including...Fenton and Fenton-like processes,which could produce highly reactive species to degrade organic contaminants,have been widely used in the field of wastewater treatment.Therein,the chemistry of Fenton process including the nature of active oxidants,the complicated reactions involved,and the behind reason for its strongly pH-dependent performance,is the basis for the application of Fenton and Fenton-like processes in wastewater treatment.Nevertheless,the conflicting views still exist about the mechanism of the Fenton process.For instance,reaching a unanimous consensus on the nature of active oxidants(hydroxyl radical or tetravalent iron)in this process remains challenging.This review comprehensively examined the mechanism of the Fenton process including the debate on the nature of active oxidants,reactions involved in the Fenton process,and the behind reason for the pH-dependent degradation of contaminants in the Fenton process.Then,we summarized several strategies that promote the Fe(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ)cycle,reduce the competitive consumption of active oxidants by side reactions,and replace the Fenton reagent,thus improving the performance of the Fenton process.Furthermore,advances for the future were proposed including the demand for the high-accuracy identification of active oxidants and taking advantages of the characteristic of target contaminants during the degradation of contaminants by the Fenton process.展开更多
为了客观评价地下空间开发地质适宜性并为评价工作提供一种新思路和参考,提出了一种基于三角模糊数的模糊层次分析法(fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on triangular fuzzy numbers,FAHP)和优劣解距离法(technique for order pr...为了客观评价地下空间开发地质适宜性并为评价工作提供一种新思路和参考,提出了一种基于三角模糊数的模糊层次分析法(fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on triangular fuzzy numbers,FAHP)和优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)相结合的评价方法。通过地质调查研究构建基于土体工程地质性质、水文地质条件、不良地质作用、地形地貌等影响因素为主的层次分析关系模型。基于专家判别利用FAHP计算各评价因素的权重,以各评价指标层的分级临界值作为典型评价样本,利用TOPSIS法对适宜性等级进行非等分划分,基于区间值优化的TOPSIS法建立最终评价模型,通过ArcGIS的空间分析功能等确定每个评价单元适宜性等级。该方法与传统方法相比一定程度上减少了评价过程中专家评判的过多主观影响,评价过程更倾向于定量化,结果更为客观。利用该方法对无锡市区浅层地下空间开发地质适宜性进行评价,评价结果与实际工程经验相符,证明了该方法的有效性,因此该方法对地下空间开发适宜性评价工作具有一定借鉴意义。展开更多
The present study introduces a screw-pressing charging method to tackle deficiencies in automation and charge uniformity during the melt-casting of polymer-based energetic materials.To ensure the safety of the experim...The present study introduces a screw-pressing charging method to tackle deficiencies in automation and charge uniformity during the melt-casting of polymer-based energetic materials.To ensure the safety of the experiments,this study used inert materials with similar physical properties to partially substitute for the actual energetic components in the preparation of simulant materials.By thoroughly analyzing slurry physical properties,a simulation framework and an extensive performance evaluation method were developed.Such tools guide the design of the structure and configuration of process parameters.Results demonstrate that employing the Pin element significantly enhances radial mixing within the screw,minimizes temperature variations in the slurry,and improves both efficiency and safety in the mixing process.Further,adjustments such as widening the cone angle of the barrel,modifying the solid content of the slurry,and varying the speed of the screw can optimize the mechanical and thermal coupling in the flow field.These adjustments promote higher-quality slurry and create a safer production environment for the extrusion process.展开更多
Indirect X-ray modulation imaging has been adopted in a number of solar missions and provided reconstructed X-ray images of solar flares that are of great scientific importance.However,the assessment of the image qual...Indirect X-ray modulation imaging has been adopted in a number of solar missions and provided reconstructed X-ray images of solar flares that are of great scientific importance.However,the assessment of the image quality of the reconstruction is still difficult,which is particularly useful for scheme design of X-ray imaging systems,testing and improvement of imaging algorithms,and scientific research of X-ray sources.Currently,there is no specified method to quantitatively evaluate the quality of X-ray image reconstruction and the point-spread function(PSF)of an X-ray imager.In this paper,we propose percentage proximity degree(PPD)by considering the imaging characteristics of X-ray image reconstruction and in particular,sidelobes and their effects on imaging quality.After testing a variety of imaging quality assessments in six aspects,we utilized the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution to the indices that meet the requirements.Then we develop the final quality index for X-ray image reconstruction,QuIX,which consists of the selected indices and the new PPD.QuIX performs well in a series of tests,including assessment of instrument PSF and simulation tests under different grid configurations,as well as imaging tests with RHESSI data.It is also a useful tool for testing of imaging algorithms,and determination of imaging parameters for both RHESSI and ASO-S/Hard X-ray Imager,such as field of view,beam width factor,and detector selection.展开更多
Artificial sensory systems mimic the five human senses to facilitate data interaction between the real and virtual worlds.Accurate data analysis is crucial for converting external stimuli from each artificial sense in...Artificial sensory systems mimic the five human senses to facilitate data interaction between the real and virtual worlds.Accurate data analysis is crucial for converting external stimuli from each artificial sense into user-relevant information,yet conventional signal processing methods struggle with the massive scale,noise,and artificial sensory systems characteristics of data generated by artificial sensory devices.Integrating artificial intelligence(AI)is essential for addressing these challenges and enhancing the performance of artificial sensory systems,making it a rapidly growing area of research in recent years.However,no studies have systematically categorized the output functions of these systems or analyzed the associated AI algorithms and data processing methods.In this review,we present a systematic overview of the latest AI techniques aimed at enhancing the cognitive capabilities of artificial sensory systems replicating the five human senses:touch,taste,vision,smell,and hearing.We categorize the AI-enabled capabilities of artificial sensory systems into four key areas:cognitive simulation,perceptual enhancement,adaptive adjustment,and early warning.We introduce specialized AI algorithms and raw data processing methods for each function,designed to enhance and optimize sensing performance.Finally,we offer a perspective on the future of AI-integrated artificial sensory systems,highlighting technical challenges and potential real-world application scenarios for further innovation.Integration of AI with artificial sensory systems will enable advanced multimodal perception,real-time learning,and predictive capabilities.This will drive precise environmental adaptation and personalized feedback,ultimately positioning these systems as foundational technologies in smart healthcare,agriculture,and automation.展开更多
In general,the rapid growth of α-Fe clusters is a challenge in high Fe-content Fe-based amorphous alloys,negatively affecting their physical properties.Herein,we introduce an efficient and rapid post-treatment techni...In general,the rapid growth of α-Fe clusters is a challenge in high Fe-content Fe-based amorphous alloys,negatively affecting their physical properties.Herein,we introduce an efficient and rapid post-treatment technique known as ultrasonic vibration rapid processing(UVRP),which enables the formation of high-density strong magnetic α-Fe clusters,thereby enhancing the soft magnetic properties of Fe_(78)Si(13)B_(9) amorphous alloy ribbon.展开更多
Electrolytic copper foil has gained significant attention as an essential component in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),printed circuit boards(PCBs),and chip packaging substrates(CPSs)applications.With the advancement of L...Electrolytic copper foil has gained significant attention as an essential component in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),printed circuit boards(PCBs),and chip packaging substrates(CPSs)applications.With the advancement of LIBs towards higher energy densities and the increasing density of electronic components on circuits,copper foil is required to have demanding properties,such as extremely thin thickness and extremely high tensile strength.This comprehensive review firstly summarizes recent progress on the fabrication of electrolytic copper foil,and the effects of process parameters,cathode substrate,and additives on the electrodeposition behavior,microstructure,and properties of copper foil are discussed in detail.Then the regulation strategies of mechanical properties of electrolytic copper foil are also summarized,including the formation of nanotwins and texture.Furthermore,the recent advances in novel electrolytic copper foils,such as composite foils and extra-thin copper foils,are also overviewed.Lastly,the remaining challenges and perspectives on the further development of electrolytic copper foils are presented.展开更多
Current research on heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes(HAOPs)predominantly emphasizes catalyst iteration and innovation.Significant efforts have been made to regulate the electron structure and optimize the el...Current research on heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes(HAOPs)predominantly emphasizes catalyst iteration and innovation.Significant efforts have been made to regulate the electron structure and optimize the electron distribution,thereby increasing the catalytic activity.However,this focus often overshadows an equally essential aspect of HAOPs:the adsorption effect.Adsorption is a critical initiator for triggering the interaction of oxidants and contaminants with heterogeneous catalysts.The efficacy of these interactions is influenced by a variety of physicochemical properties,including surface chemistry and pore sizes,which determine the affinities between contaminants and material surfaces.This dispar ity in affinity is pivotal because it underpins the selective removal of contaminants,especially in complex waste streams containing diverse contaminants and competing matrices.Consequently,understanding and mastering these interfacial interactions is fundamentally indispensable not only for improving pro cess efficiency but also for enhancing the selectivity of contaminant removal.Herein,we highlight the importance of adsorption-driven interfacial interactions for fundamentally elucidating the catalytic mechanisms of HAOPs.Such interactions dictate the overall performance of the treatment processes by balancing the adsorption,reaction,and desorption rates on the catalyst surfaces.Elucidating the adsorption effect not only shifts the paradigm in understanding HAOPs but also improves their practical ity in water treatment and wastewater decontamination.Overall,we propose that revisiting adsorption driven interfacial interactions holds great promise for optimizing catalytic processes to develop effective HAOP strategies.展开更多
In the application of high-pressure water jet assisted breaking of deep underground rock engineering,the influence mechanism of rock temperature on the rock fragmentation process under jet action is still unclear.Ther...In the application of high-pressure water jet assisted breaking of deep underground rock engineering,the influence mechanism of rock temperature on the rock fragmentation process under jet action is still unclear.Therefore,the fluid evolution characteristics and rock fracture behavior during jet impingement were studied.The results indicate that the breaking process of high-temperature rock by jet impact can be divided into four stages:initial fluid-solid contact stage,intense thermal exchange stage,perforation and fracturing stage,and crack propagation and penetration stage.With the increase of rock temperature,the jet reflection angles and the time required for complete cooling of the impact surface significantly decrease,while the number of cracks and crack propagation rate significantly increase,and the rock breaking critical time is shortened by up to 34.5%.Based on numerical simulation results,it was found that the center temperature of granite at 400℃ rapidly decreased from 390 to 260℃ within 0.7 s under jet impact.In addition,a critical temperature and critical heat flux prediction model considering the staged breaking of hot rocks was established.These findings provide valuable insights to guide the water jet technology assisted deep ground hot rock excavation project.展开更多
The Hualien M 7.3 earthquake on April 3,2024,was a significant and strong earthquake in Taiwan,China in the past two decades.The rupture process of the main shock and strong aftershocks is of great significance to the...The Hualien M 7.3 earthquake on April 3,2024,was a significant and strong earthquake in Taiwan,China in the past two decades.The rupture process of the main shock and strong aftershocks is of great significance to the subsequent seismic activity and seismogenic tectonic research.Based on local strong-motion data,we used the IDS(Iterative Deconvolution and Stacking)method to obtain the rupture process of the mainshock and two strong aftershocks on the 23rd.The rupture of the mainshock was mainly unilateral,lasting 31 s,with a maximum slip of 2m,and the depth of the large slip zone is about 41–49 km.There is a clear difference between the rupture depth of the main shock and the two strong aftershocks.The depths of the large slip zones of the latter two are 3–9 km and 8–10 km,respectively.There is also a significant difference in the seismogenic fault between the mainshock and the aftershocks,and we believe that there are two seismogenic fault zones in the study area,the deep and the shallow fault zone.The slip of the deep faults activates the shallow faults.展开更多
In the steel slag-based mine backfill cementitious material systems,the hydration reaction mechanisms and synergistic effects of steel slag(SS),granulated blast furnace slag(GBFS),and desulfurization gypsum(DG)are cru...In the steel slag-based mine backfill cementitious material systems,the hydration reaction mechanisms and synergistic effects of steel slag(SS),granulated blast furnace slag(GBFS),and desulfurization gypsum(DG)are crucial for performance optimization and regulation.However,existing studies have yet to fully reveal the underlying synergistic mechanisms,which limits the application and promotion of high SS content in mine backfill and low-carbon building materials.This study systematically explores the synergistic effects between various solid wastes and their regulation of the hydration process in the SS-based cementitious system through multi-scale characterization techniques.The results show that GBFS,by releasing active Si^(4+)and Al^(3+),triggers a synergistic activation effect with Ca^(2+)provided by SS,promoting the formation of C-S-H gel and ettringite,significantly optimizing the hardened paste microstructure.When the GBFS content reaches 30%,the C-S-H content increases by 40.8%,the pore size distribution improves,the proportion of large pores decreases by 68.7%,and the 90-day compressive strength increases to 5 times that of the baseline group.The sulfate activation effect of DG accelerates the hydration of silicate minerals,but excessive incorporation(>16%)can lead to microcracks caused by the expansion of AFt crystals,resulting in a strength reduction.Under the synergistic effect of 8%DG and 30%GBFS,the hydration reaction is most intense,with the peak heat release rate reaching 0.92 mW/g and the cumulative heat release amount being 240 J/g.By constructing a“SS-GBFS-DG-cement”quaternary synergistic system(mass ratio range:SS:GBFS:cement:DG=(50–62):(20–40):10:(8–12)),the matching of active components in high-content SS systems was optimized,significantly improving microstructural defects and meeting engineering application requirements.This study provides a theoretical basis for the component design and performance regulation of high-content SS-based cementitious materials.展开更多
The development of electronic products and increased electronic waste have triggered a series of ecological problems on Earth.Meanwhile,amidst energy crises and the pursuit of carbon neutrality,the recycling of discar...The development of electronic products and increased electronic waste have triggered a series of ecological problems on Earth.Meanwhile,amidst energy crises and the pursuit of carbon neutrality,the recycling of discarded biomass has attracted the attention of many researchers.In recent years,the transformation of discarded biomass into value-added electronic products has emerged as a promising endeavor in the field of green and flexible electronics.In this review,the attempts and advancements in biomass conversion into flexible electronic materials and devices are systematically summarized.We focus on reviewing the research progress in biomass conversion into substrates,electrodes,and materials tailored for optical and thermal management.Furthermore,we explore component combinations suitable for applications in environmental monitoring and health management.Finally,we discuss the challenges in techniques and cost-effectiveness currently faced by biomass conversion into flexible electronic devices and propose improvement strategies.Drawing insights from both fundamental research and industrial applications,we offer prospects for future developments in this burgeoning field.展开更多
基金funded by CONAHCYT grant(252808)to GFCONAHCYT’s“Estancias Posdoctorales por México”program(662350)to HTB。
文摘Recent reports suggest that aging is not solely a physiological process in living beings;instead, it should be considered a pathological process or disease(Amorim et al., 2022). Consequently, this process involves a wide range of factors, spanning from genetic to environmental factors, and even includes the gut microbiome(GM)(Mayer et al., 2022). All these processes coincide at some point in the inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, at different degrees in various organs and systems that constitute a living organism(Mayer et al., 2022;AguilarHernández et al., 2023).
基金supported by the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274326)the China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation(No.BWLCF202109)the Seventh Batch of Ten Thousand Talents Plan of China(No.ZX20220553).
文摘Sinter is the core raw material for blast furnaces.Flue pressure,which is an important state parameter,affects sinter quality.In this paper,flue pressure prediction and optimization were studied based on the shapley additive explanation(SHAP)to predict the flue pressure and take targeted adjustment measures.First,the sintering process data were collected and processed.A flue pressure prediction model was then constructed after comparing different feature selection methods and model algorithms using SHAP+extremely random-ized trees(ET).The prediction accuracy of the model within the error range of±0.25 kPa was 92.63%.SHAP analysis was employed to improve the interpretability of the prediction model.The effects of various sintering operation parameters on flue pressure,the relation-ship between the numerical range of key operation parameters and flue pressure,the effect of operation parameter combinations on flue pressure,and the prediction process of the flue pressure prediction model on a single sample were analyzed.A flue pressure optimization module was also constructed and analyzed when the prediction satisfied the judgment conditions.The operating parameter combination was then pushed.The flue pressure was increased by 5.87%during the verification process,achieving a good optimization effect.
基金Technology Development Program of Jilin Province(YDZJ202201ZYTS640)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4200400)funded by MOST+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172048 and 52103221)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2021QB024 and ZR2021ZD06)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515012323,2023A1515010943,and 2024A1515010023)the Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory open Project(QNESL OP 202309)the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University.
文摘Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology,featuring a bulk p-in structure and proper vertical segregation achieved through additive-assisted layer-by-layer deposition.This optimized hierarchical gradient fibrillar morphology and optical management synergistically facilitates exciton diffusion,reduces recombination losses,and enhances light capture capability.This approach not only offers a solution to achieving high-efficiency devices but also demonstrates the potential for commercial applications of OSCs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51602018 and 51902018)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(No.2154052)+3 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2014M560044)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-MP-20-22)USTB Research Center for International People-to-people Exchange in Science,Technology and Civilization(No.2022KFYB007)Education and Teaching Reform Foundation at University of Science and Technology Beijing(Nos.2023JGC027,KC2022QYW06,and KC2022TS09)。
文摘S and Co co-doped carbon catalysts were prepared via pyrolysis of MOF-71 and thiourea mixtures at 800℃at a mass ratio of MOF-71 to thiourea of 1:0.1 to effectively activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS)for methylene blue(MB)degradation.The effects of two different mixing routes were identified on the MB degradation performance.Particularly,the catalyst obtained by the alcohol solvent evaporation(MOF-AEP)mixing route could degrade 95.60%MB(50 mg/L)within 4 min(degradation rate:K=0.78 min^(-1)),which was faster than that derived from the direct grinding method(MOF-DGP,80.97%,K=0.39 min^(-1)).X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the Co-S content of MOF-AEP(43.39at%)was less than that of MOF-DGP(54.73at%),and the proportion of C-S-C in MOF-AEP(13.56at%)was higher than that of MOF-DGP(10.67at%).Density functional theory calculations revealed that the adsorption energy of Co for PMS was -2.94 eV when sulfur was doped as C-S-C on the carbon skeleton,which was higher than that when sulfur was doped next to cobalt in the form of Co-S bond(-2.86 eV).Thus,the C-S-C sites might provide more contributions to activate PMS compared with Co-S.Furthermore,the degradation parameters,including pH and MOF-AEP dosage,were investigated.Finally,radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)measurements revealed that ^(1)O_(2)might be the primary catalytic species,whereas·O~(2-)might be the secondary one in degrading MB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51767017)the Basic Research Innovation Group Project of Gansu Province(18JR3RA133)the Industrial Support and Guidance Project of Universities in Gansu Province(2022CYZC-22).
文摘Photovoltaic (PV) modules, as essential components of solar power generation systems, significantly influence unitpower generation costs.The service life of these modules directly affects these costs. Over time, the performanceof PV modules gradually declines due to internal degradation and external environmental factors.This cumulativedegradation impacts the overall reliability of photovoltaic power generation. This study addresses the complexdegradation process of PV modules by developing a two-stage Wiener process model. This approach accountsfor the distinct phases of degradation resulting from module aging and environmental influences. A powerdegradation model based on the two-stage Wiener process is constructed to describe individual differences inmodule degradation processes. To estimate the model parameters, a combination of the Expectation-Maximization(EM) algorithm and the Bayesian method is employed. Furthermore, the Schwarz Information Criterion (SIC) isutilized to identify critical change points in PV module degradation trajectories. To validate the universality andeffectiveness of the proposed method, a comparative analysis is conducted against other established life predictiontechniques for PV modules.
文摘This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22206050 and 52270047).
文摘Fenton and Fenton-like processes,which could produce highly reactive species to degrade organic contaminants,have been widely used in the field of wastewater treatment.Therein,the chemistry of Fenton process including the nature of active oxidants,the complicated reactions involved,and the behind reason for its strongly pH-dependent performance,is the basis for the application of Fenton and Fenton-like processes in wastewater treatment.Nevertheless,the conflicting views still exist about the mechanism of the Fenton process.For instance,reaching a unanimous consensus on the nature of active oxidants(hydroxyl radical or tetravalent iron)in this process remains challenging.This review comprehensively examined the mechanism of the Fenton process including the debate on the nature of active oxidants,reactions involved in the Fenton process,and the behind reason for the pH-dependent degradation of contaminants in the Fenton process.Then,we summarized several strategies that promote the Fe(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ)cycle,reduce the competitive consumption of active oxidants by side reactions,and replace the Fenton reagent,thus improving the performance of the Fenton process.Furthermore,advances for the future were proposed including the demand for the high-accuracy identification of active oxidants and taking advantages of the characteristic of target contaminants during the degradation of contaminants by the Fenton process.
文摘为了客观评价地下空间开发地质适宜性并为评价工作提供一种新思路和参考,提出了一种基于三角模糊数的模糊层次分析法(fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on triangular fuzzy numbers,FAHP)和优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)相结合的评价方法。通过地质调查研究构建基于土体工程地质性质、水文地质条件、不良地质作用、地形地貌等影响因素为主的层次分析关系模型。基于专家判别利用FAHP计算各评价因素的权重,以各评价指标层的分级临界值作为典型评价样本,利用TOPSIS法对适宜性等级进行非等分划分,基于区间值优化的TOPSIS法建立最终评价模型,通过ArcGIS的空间分析功能等确定每个评价单元适宜性等级。该方法与传统方法相比一定程度上减少了评价过程中专家评判的过多主观影响,评价过程更倾向于定量化,结果更为客观。利用该方法对无锡市区浅层地下空间开发地质适宜性进行评价,评价结果与实际工程经验相符,证明了该方法的有效性,因此该方法对地下空间开发适宜性评价工作具有一定借鉴意义。
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.30923011018)。
文摘The present study introduces a screw-pressing charging method to tackle deficiencies in automation and charge uniformity during the melt-casting of polymer-based energetic materials.To ensure the safety of the experiments,this study used inert materials with similar physical properties to partially substitute for the actual energetic components in the preparation of simulant materials.By thoroughly analyzing slurry physical properties,a simulation framework and an extensive performance evaluation method were developed.Such tools guide the design of the structure and configuration of process parameters.Results demonstrate that employing the Pin element significantly enhances radial mixing within the screw,minimizes temperature variations in the slurry,and improves both efficiency and safety in the mixing process.Further,adjustments such as widening the cone angle of the barrel,modifying the solid content of the slurry,and varying the speed of the screw can optimize the mechanical and thermal coupling in the flow field.These adjustments promote higher-quality slurry and create a safer production environment for the extrusion process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)12333010the National Key R&D Program of China 2022YFF0503002+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant No.XDB0560000)the NSFC 11921003supported by the Prominent Postdoctoral Project of Jiangsu Province(2023ZB304)supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,grant No.XDA15320000.
文摘Indirect X-ray modulation imaging has been adopted in a number of solar missions and provided reconstructed X-ray images of solar flares that are of great scientific importance.However,the assessment of the image quality of the reconstruction is still difficult,which is particularly useful for scheme design of X-ray imaging systems,testing and improvement of imaging algorithms,and scientific research of X-ray sources.Currently,there is no specified method to quantitatively evaluate the quality of X-ray image reconstruction and the point-spread function(PSF)of an X-ray imager.In this paper,we propose percentage proximity degree(PPD)by considering the imaging characteristics of X-ray image reconstruction and in particular,sidelobes and their effects on imaging quality.After testing a variety of imaging quality assessments in six aspects,we utilized the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution to the indices that meet the requirements.Then we develop the final quality index for X-ray image reconstruction,QuIX,which consists of the selected indices and the new PPD.QuIX performs well in a series of tests,including assessment of instrument PSF and simulation tests under different grid configurations,as well as imaging tests with RHESSI data.It is also a useful tool for testing of imaging algorithms,and determination of imaging parameters for both RHESSI and ASO-S/Hard X-ray Imager,such as field of view,beam width factor,and detector selection.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(RS-2023-00211580,RS-2023-00237308).
文摘Artificial sensory systems mimic the five human senses to facilitate data interaction between the real and virtual worlds.Accurate data analysis is crucial for converting external stimuli from each artificial sense into user-relevant information,yet conventional signal processing methods struggle with the massive scale,noise,and artificial sensory systems characteristics of data generated by artificial sensory devices.Integrating artificial intelligence(AI)is essential for addressing these challenges and enhancing the performance of artificial sensory systems,making it a rapidly growing area of research in recent years.However,no studies have systematically categorized the output functions of these systems or analyzed the associated AI algorithms and data processing methods.In this review,we present a systematic overview of the latest AI techniques aimed at enhancing the cognitive capabilities of artificial sensory systems replicating the five human senses:touch,taste,vision,smell,and hearing.We categorize the AI-enabled capabilities of artificial sensory systems into four key areas:cognitive simulation,perceptual enhancement,adaptive adjustment,and early warning.We introduce specialized AI algorithms and raw data processing methods for each function,designed to enhance and optimize sensing performance.Finally,we offer a perspective on the future of AI-integrated artificial sensory systems,highlighting technical challenges and potential real-world application scenarios for further innovation.Integration of AI with artificial sensory systems will enable advanced multimodal perception,real-time learning,and predictive capabilities.This will drive precise environmental adaptation and personalized feedback,ultimately positioning these systems as foundational technologies in smart healthcare,agriculture,and automation.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Project of Zhongshan City(No.2022AJ004)the Key Basic and Applied Research Program of Guangdong Province(Nos.2019B030302010 and 2022B1515120082)Guangdong Science and Technology Innovation Project(No.2021TX06C111).
文摘In general,the rapid growth of α-Fe clusters is a challenge in high Fe-content Fe-based amorphous alloys,negatively affecting their physical properties.Herein,we introduce an efficient and rapid post-treatment technique known as ultrasonic vibration rapid processing(UVRP),which enables the formation of high-density strong magnetic α-Fe clusters,thereby enhancing the soft magnetic properties of Fe_(78)Si(13)B_(9) amorphous alloy ribbon.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Plan Program of China(No.2021YFB3400800)Henan Key Research and Development Program(No.231111241000)+1 种基金the Joint Fund of Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Program(No.225200810026)Zhongyuan Scholar Workstation Funded Program(No.224400510025).
文摘Electrolytic copper foil has gained significant attention as an essential component in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),printed circuit boards(PCBs),and chip packaging substrates(CPSs)applications.With the advancement of LIBs towards higher energy densities and the increasing density of electronic components on circuits,copper foil is required to have demanding properties,such as extremely thin thickness and extremely high tensile strength.This comprehensive review firstly summarizes recent progress on the fabrication of electrolytic copper foil,and the effects of process parameters,cathode substrate,and additives on the electrodeposition behavior,microstructure,and properties of copper foil are discussed in detail.Then the regulation strategies of mechanical properties of electrolytic copper foil are also summarized,including the formation of nanotwins and texture.Furthermore,the recent advances in novel electrolytic copper foils,such as composite foils and extra-thin copper foils,are also overviewed.Lastly,the remaining challenges and perspectives on the further development of electrolytic copper foils are presented.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3205300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22176124).
文摘Current research on heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes(HAOPs)predominantly emphasizes catalyst iteration and innovation.Significant efforts have been made to regulate the electron structure and optimize the electron distribution,thereby increasing the catalytic activity.However,this focus often overshadows an equally essential aspect of HAOPs:the adsorption effect.Adsorption is a critical initiator for triggering the interaction of oxidants and contaminants with heterogeneous catalysts.The efficacy of these interactions is influenced by a variety of physicochemical properties,including surface chemistry and pore sizes,which determine the affinities between contaminants and material surfaces.This dispar ity in affinity is pivotal because it underpins the selective removal of contaminants,especially in complex waste streams containing diverse contaminants and competing matrices.Consequently,understanding and mastering these interfacial interactions is fundamentally indispensable not only for improving pro cess efficiency but also for enhancing the selectivity of contaminant removal.Herein,we highlight the importance of adsorption-driven interfacial interactions for fundamentally elucidating the catalytic mechanisms of HAOPs.Such interactions dictate the overall performance of the treatment processes by balancing the adsorption,reaction,and desorption rates on the catalyst surfaces.Elucidating the adsorption effect not only shifts the paradigm in understanding HAOPs but also improves their practical ity in water treatment and wastewater decontamination.Overall,we propose that revisiting adsorption driven interfacial interactions holds great promise for optimizing catalytic processes to develop effective HAOP strategies.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.U23A20597)National Major Science and Technology Project of China (No.2024ZD1003803)+1 种基金Chongqing Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Chongqing Municipality (No.CSTB2022NSCQ-JQX0028)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (No.CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0503)。
文摘In the application of high-pressure water jet assisted breaking of deep underground rock engineering,the influence mechanism of rock temperature on the rock fragmentation process under jet action is still unclear.Therefore,the fluid evolution characteristics and rock fracture behavior during jet impingement were studied.The results indicate that the breaking process of high-temperature rock by jet impact can be divided into four stages:initial fluid-solid contact stage,intense thermal exchange stage,perforation and fracturing stage,and crack propagation and penetration stage.With the increase of rock temperature,the jet reflection angles and the time required for complete cooling of the impact surface significantly decrease,while the number of cracks and crack propagation rate significantly increase,and the rock breaking critical time is shortened by up to 34.5%.Based on numerical simulation results,it was found that the center temperature of granite at 400℃ rapidly decreased from 390 to 260℃ within 0.7 s under jet impact.In addition,a critical temperature and critical heat flux prediction model considering the staged breaking of hot rocks was established.These findings provide valuable insights to guide the water jet technology assisted deep ground hot rock excavation project.
基金sponsored by the Earthquake Spark Technology Project(XH23051B)。
文摘The Hualien M 7.3 earthquake on April 3,2024,was a significant and strong earthquake in Taiwan,China in the past two decades.The rupture process of the main shock and strong aftershocks is of great significance to the subsequent seismic activity and seismogenic tectonic research.Based on local strong-motion data,we used the IDS(Iterative Deconvolution and Stacking)method to obtain the rupture process of the mainshock and two strong aftershocks on the 23rd.The rupture of the mainshock was mainly unilateral,lasting 31 s,with a maximum slip of 2m,and the depth of the large slip zone is about 41–49 km.There is a clear difference between the rupture depth of the main shock and the two strong aftershocks.The depths of the large slip zones of the latter two are 3–9 km and 8–10 km,respectively.There is also a significant difference in the seismogenic fault between the mainshock and the aftershocks,and we believe that there are two seismogenic fault zones in the study area,the deep and the shallow fault zone.The slip of the deep faults activates the shallow faults.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52308316)Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province(No.ZJRMG-2022-01)+1 种基金Fudamental Research Funds for the CentralUniversities,CHD(No.300102265303)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of China Coal Technology&Engineering Group Shenyang Engineering Company(No.NKJ001-2025).
文摘In the steel slag-based mine backfill cementitious material systems,the hydration reaction mechanisms and synergistic effects of steel slag(SS),granulated blast furnace slag(GBFS),and desulfurization gypsum(DG)are crucial for performance optimization and regulation.However,existing studies have yet to fully reveal the underlying synergistic mechanisms,which limits the application and promotion of high SS content in mine backfill and low-carbon building materials.This study systematically explores the synergistic effects between various solid wastes and their regulation of the hydration process in the SS-based cementitious system through multi-scale characterization techniques.The results show that GBFS,by releasing active Si^(4+)and Al^(3+),triggers a synergistic activation effect with Ca^(2+)provided by SS,promoting the formation of C-S-H gel and ettringite,significantly optimizing the hardened paste microstructure.When the GBFS content reaches 30%,the C-S-H content increases by 40.8%,the pore size distribution improves,the proportion of large pores decreases by 68.7%,and the 90-day compressive strength increases to 5 times that of the baseline group.The sulfate activation effect of DG accelerates the hydration of silicate minerals,but excessive incorporation(>16%)can lead to microcracks caused by the expansion of AFt crystals,resulting in a strength reduction.Under the synergistic effect of 8%DG and 30%GBFS,the hydration reaction is most intense,with the peak heat release rate reaching 0.92 mW/g and the cumulative heat release amount being 240 J/g.By constructing a“SS-GBFS-DG-cement”quaternary synergistic system(mass ratio range:SS:GBFS:cement:DG=(50–62):(20–40):10:(8–12)),the matching of active components in high-content SS systems was optimized,significantly improving microstructural defects and meeting engineering application requirements.This study provides a theoretical basis for the component design and performance regulation of high-content SS-based cementitious materials.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0901700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278241)+1 种基金a grant from the Institute Guo Qiang,Tsinghua University(2021GQG1016)Department of Chemical Engineering-iBHE Joint Cooperation Fund。
文摘The development of electronic products and increased electronic waste have triggered a series of ecological problems on Earth.Meanwhile,amidst energy crises and the pursuit of carbon neutrality,the recycling of discarded biomass has attracted the attention of many researchers.In recent years,the transformation of discarded biomass into value-added electronic products has emerged as a promising endeavor in the field of green and flexible electronics.In this review,the attempts and advancements in biomass conversion into flexible electronic materials and devices are systematically summarized.We focus on reviewing the research progress in biomass conversion into substrates,electrodes,and materials tailored for optical and thermal management.Furthermore,we explore component combinations suitable for applications in environmental monitoring and health management.Finally,we discuss the challenges in techniques and cost-effectiveness currently faced by biomass conversion into flexible electronic devices and propose improvement strategies.Drawing insights from both fundamental research and industrial applications,we offer prospects for future developments in this burgeoning field.
