Controlling heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil has been a significant challenge.These heavy metals seriously threaten the surrounding ecological environment and human health.The effective assessment and remedi...Controlling heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil has been a significant challenge.These heavy metals seriously threaten the surrounding ecological environment and human health.The effective assessment and remediation of heavy metals in agricultural soils are crucial.These two aspects support each other,forming a close and complete decisionmaking chain.Therefore,this review systematically summarizes the distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution,the correlation between soil and crop heavy metal contents,the presence pattern and migration and transformation mode of heavy metals in the soil-crop system.The advantages and disadvantages of the risk evaluation tools and models of heavy metal pollution in farmland are further outlined,which provides important guidance for an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of heavymetal pollution in farmland soils and the assessment of the environmental risk.Soil remediation strategies involve multiple physical,chemical,biological and even combined technologies,and this paper compares the potential and effect of the above current remediation technologies in heavy metal polluted farmland soils.Finally,the main problems and possible research directions of future heavy metal risk assessment and remediation technologies in agricultural soils are prospected.This review provides new ideas for effective assessment and selection of remediation technologies based on the characterization of soil heavy metals.展开更多
Na-ion batteries are considered a promising next-generation battery alternative to Li-ion batteries,due to the abundant Na resources and low cost.Most efforts focus on developing new materials to enhance energy densit...Na-ion batteries are considered a promising next-generation battery alternative to Li-ion batteries,due to the abundant Na resources and low cost.Most efforts focus on developing new materials to enhance energy density and electrochemical performance to enable it comparable to Li-ion batteries,without considering thermal hazard of Na-ion batteries and comparison with Li-ion batteries.To address this issue,our work comprehensively compares commercial prismatic lithium iron phosphate(LFP) battery,lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide(NCM523) battery and Na-ion battery of the same size from thermal hazard perspective using Accelerating Rate Calorimeter.The thermal hazard of the three cells is then qualitatively assessed from thermal stability,early warning and thermal runaway severity perspectives by integrating eight characteristic parameters.The Na-ion cell displays comparable thermal stability with LFP while LFP exhibits the lowest thermal runaway hazard and severity.However,the Na-ion cell displays the lowest safety venting temperature and the longest time interval between safety venting and thermal runaway,allowing the generated gas to be released as early as possible and detected in a timely manner,providing sufficient time for early warning.Finally,a database of thermal runaway characteristic temperature for Li-ion and Na-ion cells is collected and processed to delineate four thermal hazard levels for quantitative assessment.Overall,LFP cells exhibit the lowest thermal hazard,followed by the Na-ion cells and NCM523 cells.This work clarifies the thermal hazard discrepancy between the Na-ion cell and prevalent Li-ion cells,providing crucial guidance for development and application of Na-ion cell.展开更多
Phthalate esters(PAEs),recognized as endocrine disruptors,are released into the environment during usage,thereby exerting adverse ecological effects.This study investigates the occurrence,sources,and risk assessment o...Phthalate esters(PAEs),recognized as endocrine disruptors,are released into the environment during usage,thereby exerting adverse ecological effects.This study investigates the occurrence,sources,and risk assessment of PAEs in surface water obtained from 36 sampling points within the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins.The total concentration of PAEs in the Yellow River spans from124.5 to 836.5 ng/L,with Dimethyl phthalate(DMP)(75.4±102.7 ng/L)and Diisobutyl phthalate(DiBP)(263.4±103.1 ng/L)emerging as the predominant types.Concentrations exhibit a pattern of upstream(512.9±202.1 ng/L)>midstream(344.5±135.3 ng/L)>downstream(177.8±46.7 ng/L).In the Yangtze River,the total concentration ranges from 81.9 to 441.6 ng/L,with DMP(46.1±23.4 ng/L),Diethyl phthalate(DEP)(93.3±45.2 ng/L),and DiBP(174.2±67.6 ng/L)as the primary components.Concentration levels follow a midstream(324.8±107.3 ng/L)>upstream(200.8±51.8 ng/L)>downstream(165.8±71.6 ng/L)pattern.Attention should be directed towards the moderate ecological risks of DiBP in the upstream of HH,and both the upstream and midstream of CJ need consideration for the moderate ecological risks associated with Di-n-octyl phthalate(DNOP).Conversely,in other regions,the associated risk with PAEs is either low or negligible.The main source of PAEs in Yellow River is attributed to the release of construction land,while in the Yangtze River Basin,it stems from the accumulation of pollutants in lakes and forests discharged into the river.These findings are instrumental for pinpointing sources of PAEs pollution and formulating control strategies in the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers,providing valuable insights for global PAEs research in other major rivers.展开更多
Background There is scarce data about comparisons between geriatric assessment tools in patients with aortic stenosis(AS).We aimed to describe the geriatric profile of patients with AS undergoing transcatheter aortic ...Background There is scarce data about comparisons between geriatric assessment tools in patients with aortic stenosis(AS).We aimed to describe the geriatric profile of patients with AS undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI)and to analyze the ability of different tools for predicting clinical outcomes in this context.Methods This was a single center retrospective registry including patients with AS undergoing TAVI and surviving to hospital discharge.The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality or need for urgent readmission one year after TAVI.Results A total of 377 patients were included(mean age of 80.4 years).Most patients were independent or mildly dependent,with an optimal cognitive status.The proportion of frailty ranged from 17.6%to 49.8%.A total of 20 patients(5.3%)died and 110/377 patients(29.2%)died or were readmitted during follow up.Overall,most components of the geriatric assessment showed an association with clinical outcomes.Disability for instrumental activities showed a significant association with mortality and a strong association with the rate of mortality or readmission.The association between frailty and clinical outcomes was higher for short physical performance battery(SPPB),essential frailty toolset(EFT)and the frailty index based on comprehensive geriatric assessment(IF-VIG)and lower for Fried criteria and FRAIL scale.Conclusions AS patients from this series presented a good physical performance,optimal cognitive status and a reasonably low prevalence of frailty.The best predictive ability was observed for disability for instrumental activities and frailty as measured by the EFT,SPPB and the IF-VIG.展开更多
To solve problems of poor security guarantee and insufficient training efficiency in the conventional reinforcement learning methods for decision-making,this study proposes a hybrid framework to combine deep reinforce...To solve problems of poor security guarantee and insufficient training efficiency in the conventional reinforcement learning methods for decision-making,this study proposes a hybrid framework to combine deep reinforcement learning with rule-based decision-making methods.A risk assessment model for lane-change maneuvers considering uncertain predictions of surrounding vehicles is established as a safety filter to improve learning efficiency while correcting dangerous actions for safety enhancement.On this basis,a Risk-fused DDQN is constructed utilizing the model-based risk assessment and supervision mechanism.The proposed reinforcement learning algorithm sets up a separate experience buffer for dangerous trials and punishes such actions,which is shown to improve the sampling efficiency and training outcomes.Compared with conventional DDQN methods,the proposed algorithm improves the convergence value of cumulated reward by 7.6%and 2.2%in the two constructed scenarios in the simulation study and reduces the number of training episodes by 52.2%and 66.8%respectively.The success rate of lane change is improved by 57.3%while the time headway is increased at least by 16.5%in real vehicle tests,which confirms the higher training efficiency,scenario adaptability,and security of the proposed Risk-fused DDQN.展开更多
To quantify the seismic resilience of buildings,a method for evaluating functional loss from the component level to the overall building is proposed,and the dual-parameter seismic resilience assessment method based on...To quantify the seismic resilience of buildings,a method for evaluating functional loss from the component level to the overall building is proposed,and the dual-parameter seismic resilience assessment method based on postearthquake loss and recovery time is improved.A threelevel function tree model is established,which can consider the dynamic changes in weight coefficients of different category of components relative to their functional losses.Bayesian networks are utilized to quantify the impact of weather conditions,construction technology levels,and worker skill levels on component repair time.A method for determining the real-time functional recovery curve of buildings based on the component repair process is proposed.Taking a three-story teaching building as an example,the seismic resilience indices under basic earthquakes and rare earthquakes are calculated.The results show that the seismic resilience grade of the teaching building is comprehensively judged as GradeⅢ,and its resilience grade is more significantly affected by postearthquake loss.The proposed method can be used to predict the seismic resilience of buildings prior to earthquakes,identify weak components within buildings,and provide guidance for taking measures to enhance the seismic resilience of buildings.展开更多
As the development of new power systems accelerates and the impacts of high renewable energy integration and extreme weather intensify,grid-alternative energy storage is garnering increasing attention for its grid-int...As the development of new power systems accelerates and the impacts of high renewable energy integration and extreme weather intensify,grid-alternative energy storage is garnering increasing attention for its grid-interaction benefits and clear business models.Consequently,assessing the value of grid-alternative energy storage in the systemtransition has become critically important.Considering the performance characteristics of storage,we propose a value assessment frame-work for grid-alternative energy storage,quantifying its non-wires-alternative effects from both cost and benefit perspectives.Building on this,we developed a collaborative planning model for energy storage and transmission grids,aimed at maximizing the economic benefits of storage systems while balancing investment and operational costs.The model considers regional grid interconnections and their interactions with system operation.By participating in system operations,grid-alternative energy storage not only maximizes its own economic benefits but also generates social welfare transfer effects.Furthermore,based on multi-regional interconnected planning,grid-alternative energy storage can reduce system costs by approximately 35%,with the most significant changes observed in generation costs.Multi-regional coordinated planning significantly enhances the sys-tem’s flexibility in regulation.However,when the load factor of interconnection lines between regions remains constant,system operational flexibility tends to decrease,leading to a roughly 28.9%increase in storage investment.Additionally,under regional coordinated planning,the greater the disparity in wind power integration across interconnected regions,the more noticeable the reduction in system costs.展开更多
Climate change and rising temperatures are accelerating the rate of deglaciation in the Hindu Kush Karakoram Himalaya(HKH)ranges,leading to the formation of new glacial lakes and the expansion of existing ones.These l...Climate change and rising temperatures are accelerating the rate of deglaciation in the Hindu Kush Karakoram Himalaya(HKH)ranges,leading to the formation of new glacial lakes and the expansion of existing ones.These lakes are often vulnerable to failure,posing a significant threat to downstream communities and infrastructure.Therefore,a comprehensive assessment of Glacier-Lake Outburst Flood(GLOF)hazards and risk assessment is crucial to evaluate flood runout characteristics and identify settlements and infrastructure that are exposed and vulnerable to floods,aiding in the development and implementation of risk reduction strategies.This study aims to simulate a GLOF event induced by the Shisper glacier lake in northern Pakistan,using the HEC-RAS,and to assess its impact on settlements,infrastructure,and agricultural land.For the hydrometeorological analysis of the GLOF event,topographic data from unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),stream profiles,discharge data,Manning's roughness coefficient(n),and land use/land cover(LULC)were analyzed using HEC-RAS and geographic information system(GIS).During the GLOF event on May 7,2022,a maximum water depth of 6.3 m and a maximum velocity of 9.5 m/s were recorded.Based on the runout characteristics of this event,vulnerability and risk assessments have been calculated.The physical,social,and environmental vulnerabilities of the at-risk elements were evaluated using the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)and integrated with the hazard data to develop a risk map.The study identified the areas,infrastructure and settlements susceptible to GLOF hazard to support the development and implementation of targeted and evidence-based mitigation and adaptation strategies.展开更多
Abandoned mines,especially pyrite-rich ones,release acid mine drainage(AMD)with high acidity and excessive amounts of heavy metals,threatening regional ecosystems.Six samples of mine drainage,nine samples of surface w...Abandoned mines,especially pyrite-rich ones,release acid mine drainage(AMD)with high acidity and excessive amounts of heavy metals,threatening regional ecosystems.Six samples of mine drainage,nine samples of surface water,and twelve samples of sediment were analyzed in this case study of the Dashu pyrite mine in southwest China.A comprehensive analysis of the pollution levels,pollution sources,and potential hazards of eight metals(Ni,Cd,Cu,Zn,Fe,Al,Pb,and Mn)that exceeded regulatory standardswas conducted bymonitoring 24 conventional and characteristic indicators.Ultimately,this research evaluated the environmental hazards associated with abandonedmine water using the"pressure-response"model,thereby providing valuable insights for the effective protection of the environment in mining regions.The primary pollutants in mine water were determined to be SO_(4)^(2−),Fe,and Mn,with concentrations of 7700,1450,and 6.78mg/L,respectively.A clear"source-sink"dynamic was observed between themine water and the surrounding water system.surface water was primarily polluted by Ni and Mn,while water system sediments were primarily polluted by Cu and Hg.Ion ratio and Pearson correlation analyses indicated heavy metals in surface water and sediments originated from the same AMD source.The"pressureresponse"model was used to assess the environmental hazards of water from abandoned mines.Mines W1,W2,W5,and W6 were classified as high-risk,while W3 and W4 were medium-risk.This study offers a novel approach and valuable reference for identifying and classifying environmental risks in abandoned mines and targeting AMD treatment.展开更多
Ubiquitous contamination of the soil environment with volatile organic compounds(VOCs)has raised considerable concerns.However,there is still limited comprehensive surveying of soil VOCs on a national scale.Herein,65 ...Ubiquitous contamination of the soil environment with volatile organic compounds(VOCs)has raised considerable concerns.However,there is still limited comprehensive surveying of soil VOCs on a national scale.Herein,65 species of VOCswere simultaneously determined in surface soil samples collected from 63 chemical industrial parks(CIPs)across China.The results showed that the total VOC concentrations ranged from 7.15 to 1842 ng/g with a mean concentration of 326 ng/g(median:179 ng/g).Benzene homologs and halogenated hydrocarbons were identified as the dominant contaminant groups.Positive correlations between many VOC species indicated that these compounds probably originated from similar sources.Spatially,the hotspots of VOC pollution were located in eastern and southern China.Soils with higher clay content and a higher fraction of total organic carbon(TOC)content were significantly associated with higher soil VOC concentrations.Precipitation reduces the levels of highly water-soluble substances in surface soils.Both positive matrix factorization(PMF)and principal component analysis-multiple linear regression(PCA-MLR)identified a high proportion of industrial sources(PMF:59.2%and PCA-MLR:66.5%)and traffic emission sources(PMF:32.3%and PCA-MLR:33.5%).PMF,which had a higher R^(2) value(0.7892)than PCA-MLR(0.7683),was the preferred model for quantitative source analysis of soil VOCs.The health risk assessment indicated that the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of VOCs were at acceptable levels.Overall,this study provides valuable data on the occurrence of VOCs in soil from Chinese CIPs,which is essential for a comprehensive understanding of their environmental behavior.展开更多
Due to batteries inconsistencies and potential faults in battery management systems,slight overcharging remains a common yet insufficiently understood safety risk,lacking effective warning methods.To illuminate the de...Due to batteries inconsistencies and potential faults in battery management systems,slight overcharging remains a common yet insufficiently understood safety risk,lacking effective warning methods.To illuminate the degradation behavior and failure mechanism of various overcharged states(100%SOC,105%SOC,110%SOC,and 115%SOC),multiple advanced in-situ characterization techniques(accelerating rate calorimeter,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,ultrasonic scanning,and expansion instrument)were utilized.Additionally,re-overcharge-induced thermal runaway(TR)tests were conducted,with a specific emphasis on the evolution of the expansion force signal.Results indicated significant degradation at 110%SOC including conductivity loss,loss of lithium inventory,and loss of active material accompanied by internal gas generation.These failure behaviors slow down the expansion force rate during reovercharging,reducing the efficacy of active warnings that depend on rate thresholds of expansion force.Specifically,the warning time for 115%SOC battery is only 144 s,which is 740 s shorter than that for fresh battery,and the time to TR is advanced by 9 min.Moreover,the initial self-heating temperature(T1)is reduced by 62.4℃compared to that of fresh battery,reaching only 70.8℃.To address the low safety of overcharged batteries,a passive overcharge warning method utilizing relaxation expansion force was proposed,based on the continued gas generation after stopping charging,leading to a sustained increase in force.Compared to active methods that rely on thresholds of expansion force rate,the passive method can issue warnings 115 s earlier.By combining the passive and active warning methods,guaranteed effective overcharge warning can be issued 863-884 s before TR.This study introduces a novel perspective for enhancing the safety of batteries.展开更多
Bone age assessment(BAA)aims to determine whether a child’s growth and development are normal concerning their chronological age.To predict bone age more accurately based on radiographs,and for the left-hand X-ray im...Bone age assessment(BAA)aims to determine whether a child’s growth and development are normal concerning their chronological age.To predict bone age more accurately based on radiographs,and for the left-hand X-ray images of different races model can have better adaptability,we propose a neural network in parallel with the quantitative features from the left-hand bone measurements for BAA.In this study,a lightweight feature extractor(LFE)is designed to obtain the featuremaps fromradiographs,and amodule called attention erasermodule(AEM)is proposed to capture the fine-grained features.Meanwhile,the dimensional information of the metacarpal parts in the radiographs is measured to enhance the model’s generalization capability across images fromdifferent races.Ourmodel is trained and validated on the RSNA,RHPE,and digital hand atlas datasets,which include images from various racial groups.The model achieves a mean absolute error(MAE)of 4.42 months on the RSNA dataset and 15.98 months on the RHPE dataset.Compared to ResNet50,InceptionV3,and several state-of-the-art methods,our proposed method shows statistically significant improvements(p<0.05),with a reduction in MAE by 0.2±0.02 years across different racial datasets.Furthermore,t-tests on the features also confirm the statistical significance of our approach(p<0.05).展开更多
Earthquakes pose significant perils to the built environment in urban areas.To avert the calamitous aftermath of earthquakes,it is imperative to construct seismic resilient cities.Due to the intricacy of the concept o...Earthquakes pose significant perils to the built environment in urban areas.To avert the calamitous aftermath of earthquakes,it is imperative to construct seismic resilient cities.Due to the intricacy of the concept of urban seismic resilience(USR),its assessment is a large-scale system engineering issue.The assessment of USR should be based on the notion of urban seismic capacity(USC)assessment,which includes casualties,economic loss,and recovery time as criteria.Functionality loss is also included in the assessment of USR in addition to these criteria.The assessment indicator system comprising five dimensions(building and lifeline infrastructure,environment,society,economy,and institution)and 20 indicators has been devised to quantify USR.The analytical hierarchy process(AHP)is utilized to compute the weights of the criteria,dimensions,and indicators in the urban seismic resilience assessment(USRA)indicator system.When the necessary data for a city are obtainable,the seismic resilience of that city can be assessed using this framework.To illustrate the proposed methodology,a moderate-sized city in China was selected as a case study.The assessment results indicate a high level of USR,suggesting that the city possesses strong capabilities to withstand and recover from potential future earthquakes.展开更多
To solve the challenges of connecting and coordinating multiple platforms in the automotive industry and to enhance collaboration among different participants,this research focuses on addressing the complex supply rel...To solve the challenges of connecting and coordinating multiple platforms in the automotive industry and to enhance collaboration among different participants,this research focuses on addressing the complex supply relationships in the automotive market,improving data sharing and interactions across various platforms,and achieving more detailed integration of data and operations.We propose a trust evaluation permission delegation method based on the automotive industry chain.The proposed method combines smart contracts with trust evaluation mechanisms,dynamically calculating the trust value of users based on the historical behavior of the delegated entity,network environment,and other factors to avoid malicious node attacks during the permission delegation process.We also introduce strict control over the cross-domain permission granting and revocation mechanisms to manage the delegation path,prevent information leakage caused by malicious node interception,and effectively protect data integrity and privacy.Experimental analysis shows that this method meets the realtime requirements of collaborative interaction in the automotive industry chain and provides a feasible solution to permission delegation issues in the automotive industry chain,offering dynamic flexibility in authorization and scalability compared to most existing solutions.展开更多
Strong surface impact will produce strong vibration,which will pose a threat to the safety of nearby buried pipelines and other important lifeline projects.Based on the verified numerical method,a comprehensive numeri...Strong surface impact will produce strong vibration,which will pose a threat to the safety of nearby buried pipelines and other important lifeline projects.Based on the verified numerical method,a comprehensive numerical parameter analysis is conducted on the key influencing factors of the vibration isolation hole(VIH),which include hole diameter,hole net spacing,hole depth,hole number,hole arrangement,and soil parameters.The results indicate that a smaller ratio of net spacing to hole diameter,the deeper the hole,the multi-row hole,the hole adoption of staggered arrangements,and better site soil conditions can enhance the efficiency of the VIH barrier.The average maximum vibration reduction efficiency within the vibration isolation area can reach 42.2%.The vibration safety of adjacent oil pipelines during a dynamic compaction projection was evaluated according to existing standards,and the measurement of the VIH was recommended to reduce excessive vibration.The single-row vibration isolation scheme and three-row staggered arrangement with the same hole parameters are suggested according to different cases.The research findings can serve as a reference for the vibration safety analysis,assessment,and control of adjacent underground facilities under the influence of strong surface impact loads.展开更多
The presence of a positive deep surgical margin in tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC)significantly elevates the risk of local recurrence.Therefore,a prompt and precise intraoperative assessment of margin status is i...The presence of a positive deep surgical margin in tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC)significantly elevates the risk of local recurrence.Therefore,a prompt and precise intraoperative assessment of margin status is imperative to ensure thorough tumor resection.In this study,we integrate Raman imaging technology with an artificial intelligence(AI)generative model,proposing an innovative approach for intraoperative margin status diagnosis.This method utilizes Raman imaging to swiftly and non-invasively capture tissue Raman images,which are then transformed into hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)-stained histopathological images using an AI generative model for histopathological diagnosis.The generated H&E-stained images clearly illustrate the tissue’s pathological conditions.Independently reviewed by three pathologists,the overall diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing between tumor tissue and normal muscle tissue reaches 86.7%.Notably,it outperforms current clinical practices,especially in TSCC with positive lymph node metastasis or moderately differentiated grades.This advancement highlights the potential of AI-enhanced Raman imaging to significantly improve intraoperative assessments and surgical margin evaluations,promising a versatile diagnostic tool beyond TSCC.展开更多
One of the most promising vector control strategies for controlling dengue fever is the stable introduction of the obligate intracellular Wolbachia bacteria strain into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This method reduces th...One of the most promising vector control strategies for controlling dengue fever is the stable introduction of the obligate intracellular Wolbachia bacteria strain into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This method reduces the mosquito’s ability to transmit dengue through reproductive strategies associated with Wolbachia infection, such as parthenogenesis, male elimination or feminization, sex ratio distortions and cytoplasmic incompatibility. Expert knowledge and a risk assessment framework were used to identify the risks associated with the release of Wolbachia-bearing mosquitoes. Then, consultations with individual participants were organized and a Bayesian network (BN) was developed to capture the relationship between the hazards as well as the likelihood of these adverse events occurring. Finally, risk was calculated from the probability and consequence estimates obtained from our Burkina Faso participants, using a questionnaire based on the identified risks. Our “Cause More Harm” study yielded 46.15% negligible risk, 44.23% very low risk and 9.62% low risk. The “socio-cultural change” parameter had the greatest influence, with the perception that the dissemination project would be poorly received by the local population. This parameter alone accounted for 80% of the most significant risks. This explains the fact that hazard RA 49 “negative messages in social media” is ranked as the highest individual risk (although the risk is low) with a calculated risk of 0.261. The risk assessment was designed to integrate the interdependent complexity of hazards likely to affect the dissemination of technology in the environment. It represents an important implementation phase in the success of this innovative research, introducing a new technology to combat the transmission of dengue fever.展开更多
Currently,the International Maritime Organization(IMO)has approved and implemented the assessment requirement for Minimum Propulsion Power(MPP)of ships in adverse sea conditions.The assessment method and relevant infl...Currently,the International Maritime Organization(IMO)has approved and implemented the assessment requirement for Minimum Propulsion Power(MPP)of ships in adverse sea conditions.The assessment method and relevant influence factors will have a vital impact on ship's design and operation.On the other hand,MPP is essentially a criterion for manoeuvring safety at actual seas.However,the practical assessment methods adopted in IMO guidelines do not directly and accurately account for ship's coursekeeping ability in severe seas.A time-domain comprehensive method with supplementary course-keeping ability criteria has been proposed in the authors'preliminary research.Based on an updated mathematical model and criteria,this paper presents more detailed elaborations,results and discussions on the time-domain method,including the comparative analyses with a power line method and two steady-state equilibrium methods based on IMO guidelines and draft.Discussions on the influences of key factors,involving criterion conditions and calculation parameters,are also presented.The results indicate that different methods exhibit varying advantages and complexity in MPP assessment,thus constituting a multi-level assessment framework for MPP.In particular,the time-domain comprehensive assessment has a higher accuracy with more realistic description of manoeuvre behaviors,capable of offering a solution for the ships that cannot meet other assessments,or for the assessment requiring additional course-keeping ability.Furthermore,an expanded range of wave direction sets a stricter but potentially necessary requirement,while using the self-propulsion factors at low speeds can eliminate the unnecessary conservation of assessment result caused by those at design speed.展开更多
INTRODUCTION On March 28,2025,at 06:20:52 UTC,a shallow,magnitude M_(w)7.7 earthquake struck Myanmar(Burma)with an epicenter near the major city of Mandalay.This event,the strongest seismic activity recorded in Myanma...INTRODUCTION On March 28,2025,at 06:20:52 UTC,a shallow,magnitude M_(w)7.7 earthquake struck Myanmar(Burma)with an epicenter near the major city of Mandalay.This event,the strongest seismic activity recorded in Myanmar since 1950,generated intense shaking across much of the country,extended into regions of Thailand,and was felt in China's Yunnan and Guangxi provinces.展开更多
Process-oriented writing is the main way for teachers to precisely control the problems and weak links presented by students in each writing stage.Therefore,it is possible to design teaching activities that are in lin...Process-oriented writing is the main way for teachers to precisely control the problems and weak links presented by students in each writing stage.Therefore,it is possible to design teaching activities that are in line with their cognitive levels based on students’needs;promote writing through debate,attach importance to the high integration of reading,speaking,and writing;and strengthen the subjectivity of students in writing by taking interest as the lead and life as the source.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52100184,and U22A20617).
文摘Controlling heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil has been a significant challenge.These heavy metals seriously threaten the surrounding ecological environment and human health.The effective assessment and remediation of heavy metals in agricultural soils are crucial.These two aspects support each other,forming a close and complete decisionmaking chain.Therefore,this review systematically summarizes the distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution,the correlation between soil and crop heavy metal contents,the presence pattern and migration and transformation mode of heavy metals in the soil-crop system.The advantages and disadvantages of the risk evaluation tools and models of heavy metal pollution in farmland are further outlined,which provides important guidance for an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of heavymetal pollution in farmland soils and the assessment of the environmental risk.Soil remediation strategies involve multiple physical,chemical,biological and even combined technologies,and this paper compares the potential and effect of the above current remediation technologies in heavy metal polluted farmland soils.Finally,the main problems and possible research directions of future heavy metal risk assessment and remediation technologies in agricultural soils are prospected.This review provides new ideas for effective assessment and selection of remediation technologies based on the characterization of soil heavy metals.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0207400)supported by the Xiaomi Young Talents Programsupported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.Y201768)。
文摘Na-ion batteries are considered a promising next-generation battery alternative to Li-ion batteries,due to the abundant Na resources and low cost.Most efforts focus on developing new materials to enhance energy density and electrochemical performance to enable it comparable to Li-ion batteries,without considering thermal hazard of Na-ion batteries and comparison with Li-ion batteries.To address this issue,our work comprehensively compares commercial prismatic lithium iron phosphate(LFP) battery,lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide(NCM523) battery and Na-ion battery of the same size from thermal hazard perspective using Accelerating Rate Calorimeter.The thermal hazard of the three cells is then qualitatively assessed from thermal stability,early warning and thermal runaway severity perspectives by integrating eight characteristic parameters.The Na-ion cell displays comparable thermal stability with LFP while LFP exhibits the lowest thermal runaway hazard and severity.However,the Na-ion cell displays the lowest safety venting temperature and the longest time interval between safety venting and thermal runaway,allowing the generated gas to be released as early as possible and detected in a timely manner,providing sufficient time for early warning.Finally,a database of thermal runaway characteristic temperature for Li-ion and Na-ion cells is collected and processed to delineate four thermal hazard levels for quantitative assessment.Overall,LFP cells exhibit the lowest thermal hazard,followed by the Na-ion cells and NCM523 cells.This work clarifies the thermal hazard discrepancy between the Na-ion cell and prevalent Li-ion cells,providing crucial guidance for development and application of Na-ion cell.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Nos.2021YFC3200904 and 2022YFC3203705)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52270012 and 52070184).
文摘Phthalate esters(PAEs),recognized as endocrine disruptors,are released into the environment during usage,thereby exerting adverse ecological effects.This study investigates the occurrence,sources,and risk assessment of PAEs in surface water obtained from 36 sampling points within the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins.The total concentration of PAEs in the Yellow River spans from124.5 to 836.5 ng/L,with Dimethyl phthalate(DMP)(75.4±102.7 ng/L)and Diisobutyl phthalate(DiBP)(263.4±103.1 ng/L)emerging as the predominant types.Concentrations exhibit a pattern of upstream(512.9±202.1 ng/L)>midstream(344.5±135.3 ng/L)>downstream(177.8±46.7 ng/L).In the Yangtze River,the total concentration ranges from 81.9 to 441.6 ng/L,with DMP(46.1±23.4 ng/L),Diethyl phthalate(DEP)(93.3±45.2 ng/L),and DiBP(174.2±67.6 ng/L)as the primary components.Concentration levels follow a midstream(324.8±107.3 ng/L)>upstream(200.8±51.8 ng/L)>downstream(165.8±71.6 ng/L)pattern.Attention should be directed towards the moderate ecological risks of DiBP in the upstream of HH,and both the upstream and midstream of CJ need consideration for the moderate ecological risks associated with Di-n-octyl phthalate(DNOP).Conversely,in other regions,the associated risk with PAEs is either low or negligible.The main source of PAEs in Yellow River is attributed to the release of construction land,while in the Yangtze River Basin,it stems from the accumulation of pollutants in lakes and forests discharged into the river.These findings are instrumental for pinpointing sources of PAEs pollution and formulating control strategies in the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers,providing valuable insights for global PAEs research in other major rivers.
文摘Background There is scarce data about comparisons between geriatric assessment tools in patients with aortic stenosis(AS).We aimed to describe the geriatric profile of patients with AS undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI)and to analyze the ability of different tools for predicting clinical outcomes in this context.Methods This was a single center retrospective registry including patients with AS undergoing TAVI and surviving to hospital discharge.The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality or need for urgent readmission one year after TAVI.Results A total of 377 patients were included(mean age of 80.4 years).Most patients were independent or mildly dependent,with an optimal cognitive status.The proportion of frailty ranged from 17.6%to 49.8%.A total of 20 patients(5.3%)died and 110/377 patients(29.2%)died or were readmitted during follow up.Overall,most components of the geriatric assessment showed an association with clinical outcomes.Disability for instrumental activities showed a significant association with mortality and a strong association with the rate of mortality or readmission.The association between frailty and clinical outcomes was higher for short physical performance battery(SPPB),essential frailty toolset(EFT)and the frailty index based on comprehensive geriatric assessment(IF-VIG)and lower for Fried criteria and FRAIL scale.Conclusions AS patients from this series presented a good physical performance,optimal cognitive status and a reasonably low prevalence of frailty.The best predictive ability was observed for disability for instrumental activities and frailty as measured by the EFT,SPPB and the IF-VIG.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0117100)National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52102468,52325212)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘To solve problems of poor security guarantee and insufficient training efficiency in the conventional reinforcement learning methods for decision-making,this study proposes a hybrid framework to combine deep reinforcement learning with rule-based decision-making methods.A risk assessment model for lane-change maneuvers considering uncertain predictions of surrounding vehicles is established as a safety filter to improve learning efficiency while correcting dangerous actions for safety enhancement.On this basis,a Risk-fused DDQN is constructed utilizing the model-based risk assessment and supervision mechanism.The proposed reinforcement learning algorithm sets up a separate experience buffer for dangerous trials and punishes such actions,which is shown to improve the sampling efficiency and training outcomes.Compared with conventional DDQN methods,the proposed algorithm improves the convergence value of cumulated reward by 7.6%and 2.2%in the two constructed scenarios in the simulation study and reduces the number of training episodes by 52.2%and 66.8%respectively.The success rate of lane change is improved by 57.3%while the time headway is increased at least by 16.5%in real vehicle tests,which confirms the higher training efficiency,scenario adaptability,and security of the proposed Risk-fused DDQN.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3805003)。
文摘To quantify the seismic resilience of buildings,a method for evaluating functional loss from the component level to the overall building is proposed,and the dual-parameter seismic resilience assessment method based on postearthquake loss and recovery time is improved.A threelevel function tree model is established,which can consider the dynamic changes in weight coefficients of different category of components relative to their functional losses.Bayesian networks are utilized to quantify the impact of weather conditions,construction technology levels,and worker skill levels on component repair time.A method for determining the real-time functional recovery curve of buildings based on the component repair process is proposed.Taking a three-story teaching building as an example,the seismic resilience indices under basic earthquakes and rare earthquakes are calculated.The results show that the seismic resilience grade of the teaching building is comprehensively judged as GradeⅢ,and its resilience grade is more significantly affected by postearthquake loss.The proposed method can be used to predict the seismic resilience of buildings prior to earthquakes,identify weak components within buildings,and provide guidance for taking measures to enhance the seismic resilience of buildings.
基金funded by the Technology Project of State Grid Jibei Electric Power Supply Co.,Ltd.(Grant Number:52018F240001).
文摘As the development of new power systems accelerates and the impacts of high renewable energy integration and extreme weather intensify,grid-alternative energy storage is garnering increasing attention for its grid-interaction benefits and clear business models.Consequently,assessing the value of grid-alternative energy storage in the systemtransition has become critically important.Considering the performance characteristics of storage,we propose a value assessment frame-work for grid-alternative energy storage,quantifying its non-wires-alternative effects from both cost and benefit perspectives.Building on this,we developed a collaborative planning model for energy storage and transmission grids,aimed at maximizing the economic benefits of storage systems while balancing investment and operational costs.The model considers regional grid interconnections and their interactions with system operation.By participating in system operations,grid-alternative energy storage not only maximizes its own economic benefits but also generates social welfare transfer effects.Furthermore,based on multi-regional interconnected planning,grid-alternative energy storage can reduce system costs by approximately 35%,with the most significant changes observed in generation costs.Multi-regional coordinated planning significantly enhances the sys-tem’s flexibility in regulation.However,when the load factor of interconnection lines between regions remains constant,system operational flexibility tends to decrease,leading to a roughly 28.9%increase in storage investment.Additionally,under regional coordinated planning,the greater the disparity in wind power integration across interconnected regions,the more noticeable the reduction in system costs.
基金the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan for supporting the study through the CRG-CPEC-130 project。
文摘Climate change and rising temperatures are accelerating the rate of deglaciation in the Hindu Kush Karakoram Himalaya(HKH)ranges,leading to the formation of new glacial lakes and the expansion of existing ones.These lakes are often vulnerable to failure,posing a significant threat to downstream communities and infrastructure.Therefore,a comprehensive assessment of Glacier-Lake Outburst Flood(GLOF)hazards and risk assessment is crucial to evaluate flood runout characteristics and identify settlements and infrastructure that are exposed and vulnerable to floods,aiding in the development and implementation of risk reduction strategies.This study aims to simulate a GLOF event induced by the Shisper glacier lake in northern Pakistan,using the HEC-RAS,and to assess its impact on settlements,infrastructure,and agricultural land.For the hydrometeorological analysis of the GLOF event,topographic data from unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),stream profiles,discharge data,Manning's roughness coefficient(n),and land use/land cover(LULC)were analyzed using HEC-RAS and geographic information system(GIS).During the GLOF event on May 7,2022,a maximum water depth of 6.3 m and a maximum velocity of 9.5 m/s were recorded.Based on the runout characteristics of this event,vulnerability and risk assessments have been calculated.The physical,social,and environmental vulnerabilities of the at-risk elements were evaluated using the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)and integrated with the hazard data to develop a risk map.The study identified the areas,infrastructure and settlements susceptible to GLOF hazard to support the development and implementation of targeted and evidence-based mitigation and adaptation strategies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3710000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42277078 and 42307118).
文摘Abandoned mines,especially pyrite-rich ones,release acid mine drainage(AMD)with high acidity and excessive amounts of heavy metals,threatening regional ecosystems.Six samples of mine drainage,nine samples of surface water,and twelve samples of sediment were analyzed in this case study of the Dashu pyrite mine in southwest China.A comprehensive analysis of the pollution levels,pollution sources,and potential hazards of eight metals(Ni,Cd,Cu,Zn,Fe,Al,Pb,and Mn)that exceeded regulatory standardswas conducted bymonitoring 24 conventional and characteristic indicators.Ultimately,this research evaluated the environmental hazards associated with abandonedmine water using the"pressure-response"model,thereby providing valuable insights for the effective protection of the environment in mining regions.The primary pollutants in mine water were determined to be SO_(4)^(2−),Fe,and Mn,with concentrations of 7700,1450,and 6.78mg/L,respectively.A clear"source-sink"dynamic was observed between themine water and the surrounding water system.surface water was primarily polluted by Ni and Mn,while water system sediments were primarily polluted by Cu and Hg.Ion ratio and Pearson correlation analyses indicated heavy metals in surface water and sediments originated from the same AMD source.The"pressureresponse"model was used to assess the environmental hazards of water from abandoned mines.Mines W1,W2,W5,and W6 were classified as high-risk,while W3 and W4 were medium-risk.This study offers a novel approach and valuable reference for identifying and classifying environmental risks in abandoned mines and targeting AMD treatment.
基金supported by the Medical and Health Projects in Zhejiang Province(No.2022PY049)the Basic Scientific Research Project of Hangzhou Medical College(No.YS2021006)Key Discipline of Zhejiang Province in Public Health and Preventive Medicine(First Class,Category A),Hangzhou Medical College.
文摘Ubiquitous contamination of the soil environment with volatile organic compounds(VOCs)has raised considerable concerns.However,there is still limited comprehensive surveying of soil VOCs on a national scale.Herein,65 species of VOCswere simultaneously determined in surface soil samples collected from 63 chemical industrial parks(CIPs)across China.The results showed that the total VOC concentrations ranged from 7.15 to 1842 ng/g with a mean concentration of 326 ng/g(median:179 ng/g).Benzene homologs and halogenated hydrocarbons were identified as the dominant contaminant groups.Positive correlations between many VOC species indicated that these compounds probably originated from similar sources.Spatially,the hotspots of VOC pollution were located in eastern and southern China.Soils with higher clay content and a higher fraction of total organic carbon(TOC)content were significantly associated with higher soil VOC concentrations.Precipitation reduces the levels of highly water-soluble substances in surface soils.Both positive matrix factorization(PMF)and principal component analysis-multiple linear regression(PCA-MLR)identified a high proportion of industrial sources(PMF:59.2%and PCA-MLR:66.5%)and traffic emission sources(PMF:32.3%and PCA-MLR:33.5%).PMF,which had a higher R^(2) value(0.7892)than PCA-MLR(0.7683),was the preferred model for quantitative source analysis of soil VOCs.The health risk assessment indicated that the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of VOCs were at acceptable levels.Overall,this study provides valuable data on the occurrence of VOCs in soil from Chinese CIPs,which is essential for a comprehensive understanding of their environmental behavior.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52476200,52106244)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515030124)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Project of China Southern Power Grid under Grant GDKJXM20230246(030100KC23020017)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Due to batteries inconsistencies and potential faults in battery management systems,slight overcharging remains a common yet insufficiently understood safety risk,lacking effective warning methods.To illuminate the degradation behavior and failure mechanism of various overcharged states(100%SOC,105%SOC,110%SOC,and 115%SOC),multiple advanced in-situ characterization techniques(accelerating rate calorimeter,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,ultrasonic scanning,and expansion instrument)were utilized.Additionally,re-overcharge-induced thermal runaway(TR)tests were conducted,with a specific emphasis on the evolution of the expansion force signal.Results indicated significant degradation at 110%SOC including conductivity loss,loss of lithium inventory,and loss of active material accompanied by internal gas generation.These failure behaviors slow down the expansion force rate during reovercharging,reducing the efficacy of active warnings that depend on rate thresholds of expansion force.Specifically,the warning time for 115%SOC battery is only 144 s,which is 740 s shorter than that for fresh battery,and the time to TR is advanced by 9 min.Moreover,the initial self-heating temperature(T1)is reduced by 62.4℃compared to that of fresh battery,reaching only 70.8℃.To address the low safety of overcharged batteries,a passive overcharge warning method utilizing relaxation expansion force was proposed,based on the continued gas generation after stopping charging,leading to a sustained increase in force.Compared to active methods that rely on thresholds of expansion force rate,the passive method can issue warnings 115 s earlier.By combining the passive and active warning methods,guaranteed effective overcharge warning can be issued 863-884 s before TR.This study introduces a novel perspective for enhancing the safety of batteries.
基金supported by the grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72071019)grant from the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0185).
文摘Bone age assessment(BAA)aims to determine whether a child’s growth and development are normal concerning their chronological age.To predict bone age more accurately based on radiographs,and for the left-hand X-ray images of different races model can have better adaptability,we propose a neural network in parallel with the quantitative features from the left-hand bone measurements for BAA.In this study,a lightweight feature extractor(LFE)is designed to obtain the featuremaps fromradiographs,and amodule called attention erasermodule(AEM)is proposed to capture the fine-grained features.Meanwhile,the dimensional information of the metacarpal parts in the radiographs is measured to enhance the model’s generalization capability across images fromdifferent races.Ourmodel is trained and validated on the RSNA,RHPE,and digital hand atlas datasets,which include images from various racial groups.The model achieves a mean absolute error(MAE)of 4.42 months on the RSNA dataset and 15.98 months on the RHPE dataset.Compared to ResNet50,InceptionV3,and several state-of-the-art methods,our proposed method shows statistically significant improvements(p<0.05),with a reduction in MAE by 0.2±0.02 years across different racial datasets.Furthermore,t-tests on the features also confirm the statistical significance of our approach(p<0.05).
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3805100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52222811 and 52494963)。
文摘Earthquakes pose significant perils to the built environment in urban areas.To avert the calamitous aftermath of earthquakes,it is imperative to construct seismic resilient cities.Due to the intricacy of the concept of urban seismic resilience(USR),its assessment is a large-scale system engineering issue.The assessment of USR should be based on the notion of urban seismic capacity(USC)assessment,which includes casualties,economic loss,and recovery time as criteria.Functionality loss is also included in the assessment of USR in addition to these criteria.The assessment indicator system comprising five dimensions(building and lifeline infrastructure,environment,society,economy,and institution)and 20 indicators has been devised to quantify USR.The analytical hierarchy process(AHP)is utilized to compute the weights of the criteria,dimensions,and indicators in the urban seismic resilience assessment(USRA)indicator system.When the necessary data for a city are obtainable,the seismic resilience of that city can be assessed using this framework.To illustrate the proposed methodology,a moderate-sized city in China was selected as a case study.The assessment results indicate a high level of USR,suggesting that the city possesses strong capabilities to withstand and recover from potential future earthquakes.
基金funded by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,Grant Nos.2024NSFSC0515,2024ZHCG0182 and MZGC20230013.
文摘To solve the challenges of connecting and coordinating multiple platforms in the automotive industry and to enhance collaboration among different participants,this research focuses on addressing the complex supply relationships in the automotive market,improving data sharing and interactions across various platforms,and achieving more detailed integration of data and operations.We propose a trust evaluation permission delegation method based on the automotive industry chain.The proposed method combines smart contracts with trust evaluation mechanisms,dynamically calculating the trust value of users based on the historical behavior of the delegated entity,network environment,and other factors to avoid malicious node attacks during the permission delegation process.We also introduce strict control over the cross-domain permission granting and revocation mechanisms to manage the delegation path,prevent information leakage caused by malicious node interception,and effectively protect data integrity and privacy.Experimental analysis shows that this method meets the realtime requirements of collaborative interaction in the automotive industry chain and provides a feasible solution to permission delegation issues in the automotive industry chain,offering dynamic flexibility in authorization and scalability compared to most existing solutions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.52078386 and 52308496SINOMACH Youth Science and Technology Fund under Grant No.QNJJ-PY-2022-02+2 种基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program under Grant No.BYESS2023432Fund of State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting and Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering,Jianghan University under Grant No.PBSKL2023A9Fund of China Railway Construction Group Co.,Ltd.under Grant No.LX19-04b。
文摘Strong surface impact will produce strong vibration,which will pose a threat to the safety of nearby buried pipelines and other important lifeline projects.Based on the verified numerical method,a comprehensive numerical parameter analysis is conducted on the key influencing factors of the vibration isolation hole(VIH),which include hole diameter,hole net spacing,hole depth,hole number,hole arrangement,and soil parameters.The results indicate that a smaller ratio of net spacing to hole diameter,the deeper the hole,the multi-row hole,the hole adoption of staggered arrangements,and better site soil conditions can enhance the efficiency of the VIH barrier.The average maximum vibration reduction efficiency within the vibration isolation area can reach 42.2%.The vibration safety of adjacent oil pipelines during a dynamic compaction projection was evaluated according to existing standards,and the measurement of the VIH was recommended to reduce excessive vibration.The single-row vibration isolation scheme and three-row staggered arrangement with the same hole parameters are suggested according to different cases.The research findings can serve as a reference for the vibration safety analysis,assessment,and control of adjacent underground facilities under the influence of strong surface impact loads.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82272955 and 22203057)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.2021J011361).
文摘The presence of a positive deep surgical margin in tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC)significantly elevates the risk of local recurrence.Therefore,a prompt and precise intraoperative assessment of margin status is imperative to ensure thorough tumor resection.In this study,we integrate Raman imaging technology with an artificial intelligence(AI)generative model,proposing an innovative approach for intraoperative margin status diagnosis.This method utilizes Raman imaging to swiftly and non-invasively capture tissue Raman images,which are then transformed into hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)-stained histopathological images using an AI generative model for histopathological diagnosis.The generated H&E-stained images clearly illustrate the tissue’s pathological conditions.Independently reviewed by three pathologists,the overall diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing between tumor tissue and normal muscle tissue reaches 86.7%.Notably,it outperforms current clinical practices,especially in TSCC with positive lymph node metastasis or moderately differentiated grades.This advancement highlights the potential of AI-enhanced Raman imaging to significantly improve intraoperative assessments and surgical margin evaluations,promising a versatile diagnostic tool beyond TSCC.
文摘One of the most promising vector control strategies for controlling dengue fever is the stable introduction of the obligate intracellular Wolbachia bacteria strain into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This method reduces the mosquito’s ability to transmit dengue through reproductive strategies associated with Wolbachia infection, such as parthenogenesis, male elimination or feminization, sex ratio distortions and cytoplasmic incompatibility. Expert knowledge and a risk assessment framework were used to identify the risks associated with the release of Wolbachia-bearing mosquitoes. Then, consultations with individual participants were organized and a Bayesian network (BN) was developed to capture the relationship between the hazards as well as the likelihood of these adverse events occurring. Finally, risk was calculated from the probability and consequence estimates obtained from our Burkina Faso participants, using a questionnaire based on the identified risks. Our “Cause More Harm” study yielded 46.15% negligible risk, 44.23% very low risk and 9.62% low risk. The “socio-cultural change” parameter had the greatest influence, with the perception that the dissemination project would be poorly received by the local population. This parameter alone accounted for 80% of the most significant risks. This explains the fact that hazard RA 49 “negative messages in social media” is ranked as the highest individual risk (although the risk is low) with a calculated risk of 0.261. The risk assessment was designed to integrate the interdependent complexity of hazards likely to affect the dissemination of technology in the environment. It represents an important implementation phase in the success of this innovative research, introducing a new technology to combat the transmission of dengue fever.
文摘Currently,the International Maritime Organization(IMO)has approved and implemented the assessment requirement for Minimum Propulsion Power(MPP)of ships in adverse sea conditions.The assessment method and relevant influence factors will have a vital impact on ship's design and operation.On the other hand,MPP is essentially a criterion for manoeuvring safety at actual seas.However,the practical assessment methods adopted in IMO guidelines do not directly and accurately account for ship's coursekeeping ability in severe seas.A time-domain comprehensive method with supplementary course-keeping ability criteria has been proposed in the authors'preliminary research.Based on an updated mathematical model and criteria,this paper presents more detailed elaborations,results and discussions on the time-domain method,including the comparative analyses with a power line method and two steady-state equilibrium methods based on IMO guidelines and draft.Discussions on the influences of key factors,involving criterion conditions and calculation parameters,are also presented.The results indicate that different methods exhibit varying advantages and complexity in MPP assessment,thus constituting a multi-level assessment framework for MPP.In particular,the time-domain comprehensive assessment has a higher accuracy with more realistic description of manoeuvre behaviors,capable of offering a solution for the ships that cannot meet other assessments,or for the assessment requiring additional course-keeping ability.Furthermore,an expanded range of wave direction sets a stricter but potentially necessary requirement,while using the self-propulsion factors at low speeds can eliminate the unnecessary conservation of assessment result caused by those at design speed.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of the Republic of China(Nos.2023YFC3007303,2017YFB0504104)the Science and Technology Projects of Gansu Provincial(No.24JRRA1188)。
文摘INTRODUCTION On March 28,2025,at 06:20:52 UTC,a shallow,magnitude M_(w)7.7 earthquake struck Myanmar(Burma)with an epicenter near the major city of Mandalay.This event,the strongest seismic activity recorded in Myanmar since 1950,generated intense shaking across much of the country,extended into regions of Thailand,and was felt in China's Yunnan and Guangxi provinces.
文摘Process-oriented writing is the main way for teachers to precisely control the problems and weak links presented by students in each writing stage.Therefore,it is possible to design teaching activities that are in line with their cognitive levels based on students’needs;promote writing through debate,attach importance to the high integration of reading,speaking,and writing;and strengthen the subjectivity of students in writing by taking interest as the lead and life as the source.
