Process-oriented writing is the main way for teachers to precisely control the problems and weak links presented by students in each writing stage.Therefore,it is possible to design teaching activities that are in lin...Process-oriented writing is the main way for teachers to precisely control the problems and weak links presented by students in each writing stage.Therefore,it is possible to design teaching activities that are in line with their cognitive levels based on students’needs;promote writing through debate,attach importance to the high integration of reading,speaking,and writing;and strengthen the subjectivity of students in writing by taking interest as the lead and life as the source.展开更多
The banks in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River in China are weak in erosion resistance and prone to collapse.Vegetation,as a natural reinforcement material,can effectively improve slope stability and cur...The banks in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River in China are weak in erosion resistance and prone to collapse.Vegetation,as a natural reinforcement material,can effectively improve slope stability and curb soil erosion.In March and July 2023,a field survey was conducted on the types and distribution characteristics of vegetation along both banks of a certain section in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.Taking COMSOL Multiphysics as the finite element numerical simulation platform,we investigated the variation law of bank slope stability in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River under different root morphologies,considering changes in transpiration time,rainfall,and water level under the action of hydro-mechanical reinforcement.The findings showed that vegetation transpiration has a significant effect on soil pore water pressure.Given the same transpiration rate,shorter root systems produced greater pore water pressure.For equal root lengths,the pore water pressures generated by roots in exponential and triangular morphologies were significantly greater than those generated by roots in uniformly distributed and parabolic morphologies.The water absorption capacity of the root system increased with transpiration rate.After 7 d of transpiration,the maximum safety factor of the bank slope reinforced by exponential roots was 1.568,which was a 9.88%improvement over that of the bare slope.After 24 h of rainfall,the effect of vegetation transpiration on soil pore water pressure weakened rapidly;the pore water pressure of the surface soil generated by transpiration from vegetation with different root morphologies was concentrated near–10.00 kPa.After rainfall,the displacement of the exponential root reinforced slope was minimized to 0.137 m.The effect of transpiration-induced changes in substrate suction on slope stability was negligible during the rainfall period.Compared with that of the bare slope,the displacements of bank slopes reinforced by root systems significantly increased.The maximum displacement occurred when the water level changed by 1.5 m/d;the displacement of the bare slope was 0.554 m,whereas the displacements of bank slopes reinforced by roots in different morphologies were 0.260–0.273 m.The impact of vegetation transpiration on the safety factor of riverbanks under sudden water level drops was relatively minor,but it can enhance the stability of riverbanks to a certain extent.Among these,riverbanks reinforced by roots in triangular and exponential morphologies exhibited superior stability compared with those reinforced by uniformly distributed or parabolic root systems.The findings offer a theoretical basis and practical guidance for designing vegetation slope protection in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River.展开更多
Belowground bud banks are essential for the regeneration of plant population in arid desert areas,and their response to environmental changes could reflect adaptive strategies of plants to desert habitats.However,the ...Belowground bud banks are essential for the regeneration of plant population in arid desert areas,and their response to environmental changes could reflect adaptive strategies of plants to desert habitats.However,the size and composition of belowground bud banks and their response to environmental factors in the desert steppe zone remain poorly understood,challenging desertification control efforts in arid desert areas.This study examined the density and vertical distribution of horizontal and vertical rhizome buds of a rhizomatous legume herb Sophora alopecuroides L.,its population characteristics,and soil physical-chemical properties in three habitats(interdune lowland(IL),flat sandy land(FSL),and desert steppe(DS))in a desert steppe zone,northern China.Our findings revealed that:(1)total and horizontal rhizome bud densities of S.alopecuroides differed significantly among the three habitats(P<0.05),with the largest total rhizome bud density(177 buds/m2)in IL and the smallest(63 buds/m2)in DS;(2)horizontal rhizome buds distributed in the deep soil layer were dominant in IL,while vertical rhizome buds in the top soil layer were predominant in DS;and(3)soil coarse sand,nutrient content,and population density were the primary factors affecting bud bank density of S.alopecuroides.Specifically,horizontal rhizome buds were dependent largely on soil coarse sand content,and vertical rhizome buds tended to be more related to soil organic matter content and population density.Our results indicated that horizontal rhizome buds were more important in IL with frequent aeolian disturbance,whereas vertical rhizome buds were more important in DS with abundant water and nutrient resources.The plastic responses and survival strategies of S.alopecuroides bud bank to different habitats provide valuable information for the effective implementation of desertification control measures and the management of desert steppe ecosystems.展开更多
The probabilistic stability evolution analysis of reservoir bank slopes is a crucial aspect of risk assessment,with core challenges including the consideration of deformation mechanisms and accurate determination of m...The probabilistic stability evolution analysis of reservoir bank slopes is a crucial aspect of risk assessment,with core challenges including the consideration of deformation mechanisms and accurate determination of mechanical parameters.In this study,a novel time-varying reliability analysis framework based on sequential Bayesian updating of mechanical parameters is proposed.The inverse parameters account for damage time-dependent behavior,incorporating water effect and a strain-driven softening-hardening process that depends on sliding states.The likelihood function is enhanced to simultaneously consider observation error,surrogate model prediction error,and model structural error,with the introduction of physical penalty.Exploration of the high-dimensional parameter space is achieved via the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo(HMC)method and the physics knowledge-based time-dependent deformation surrogate model.The time-varying reliability analysis of the slope is performed using the multi-grid method.Taking a reservoir bank slope as a case study,the sequential updating of 12 mechanical parameters is conducted based on deformation time series from 16 monitoring points,thereby validating the proposed framework.The results indicate that the proposed framework effectively captures the posterior distribution of mechanical parameters,with the case slope remaining in a critically stable state after overall sliding,showing a high failure probability.Introducing model structural error can reduce parameter compensation,and a reasonable sequential updating step size can improve inversion accuracy.展开更多
This study sets out to conduct the effectiveness of process-oriented approach on the ESL writing teaching for non-Eng-lish majors in Yunnan Agricultural University(YAU),with the aim of enhancing the students' Engl...This study sets out to conduct the effectiveness of process-oriented approach on the ESL writing teaching for non-Eng-lish majors in Yunnan Agricultural University(YAU),with the aim of enhancing the students' English writing proficiency andscores.120 non-English major sophomores and 10 English teachers from YAU are involved in it.With the results of questionnaire,interview and the composition scores of the target students,the findings indicate that the students have a positive attitude towardsprocess-oriented writing approach and it can help them write better and make the writing class more interesting.展开更多
Peer revision is a collaborative activity during which student writers can exchange drafts and make suggestions for improvement. It has been widely used at present in process-oriented writing instruction. In this pape...Peer revision is a collaborative activity during which student writers can exchange drafts and make suggestions for improvement. It has been widely used at present in process-oriented writing instruction. In this paper, the researcher carried out an empirical study about the effects and efficacy of peer revision on a group of Chinese Juniors majoring in English. It was found that student writers focused specially on grammar and vocabulary in PE session and organization was the least attended to. PE was quite effective in improving the overall writing quality, as the participants did incorporate most of the revisions suggested by their peers. However, the influences of students'writing proficiencies and of the rhetorical modes of the writing tasks on the effects of PE were proved to be not very significant.展开更多
Drawn upon Dornyei' s motivational study,this paper aims to explore the implications that process-oriented approach may bring and tries to shed light on some applications in Chinese EFL teaching context.
A process-oriented knowledge-sharing platform is studied to improve knowledge sharing and project management of chemical engineering design enterprises. First, problems and characteristics of knowledge sharing in mult...A process-oriented knowledge-sharing platform is studied to improve knowledge sharing and project management of chemical engineering design enterprises. First, problems and characteristics of knowledge sharing in multi-projects of chemical engineering design are analyzed. Then based on theories of project management, process management, and knowledge management, a process-oriented knowledge-sharing platform is proposed. The platform has three characteristics: knowledge is divided into professional knowledge and project management knowledge; knowledge sharing is integrated with the project process, which makes knowledge sharing a necessary part of the project process and ensures the quantity of knowledge shared; the platform provides quantitative measurements of incentive mechanisms for knowledge providers and users which ensures the quality of knowledge shared. This knowledge-sharing platform uses two knowledge management tools, a knowledge map and a knowledge base, to support the platform.展开更多
Background: Providing nursing care for patients and relatives requires a great effort from a nurse. It is therefore important for the nurse to have the opportunity to reflect on the caring acts included in process-ori...Background: Providing nursing care for patients and relatives requires a great effort from a nurse. It is therefore important for the nurse to have the opportunity to reflect on the caring acts included in process-oriented nursing supervision (PRONS). The overall objective of the nursing supervision is to support the professional development identity, competences, skills and ethics in different situations in nursing care. Aim: To investigate nurses’ experiences of the model of purging, playing and learning (PPL) according to Eriksson theory in a (PRONS) related to strengthen safe care, quality and professional development. Method: A qualitative study with individual interviews and the data was analyzed using qualitative interpretive content analysis. Participants: All eleven registered participated nurses were from southwestern Sweden and worked in different hospital units. Ethical Considerations: The study carried out in accordance with the ethical guidelines laid down in the Helsinki Declaration and according to the recommendations of the regional ethics committee. Findings: Three categories were identified, valuable purging in the process, responsive playing and awareness of learning. The study found that by participating in PRONS the nurses had developed new approaches with different “tools” when difficult situations occurred in daily nursing practice. Conclusion: PRONS with the model PPL has an important role to support nurses in daily nursing practice. The study highlights that there are residual successful effects after PRONS for the nurses in managing care situations that experienced strengthen quality in care and professional development.展开更多
In the year 1971,the world’s biggest structural biology collaboration name—The Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics(RCSB),was formed to gather all the structural biologists at a single platform and t...In the year 1971,the world’s biggest structural biology collaboration name—The Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics(RCSB),was formed to gather all the structural biologists at a single platform and then extended out to be the world’s most extensive structural data repository named RCSB-Protein Data Bank(PDB)(https://www.rcsb.org/)that has provided the service for more than 50 years and continues its legacy for the discoveries and repositories for structural data.The RCSB has evolved from being a collaboratory network to a full-fledged database and tool with a huge list of protein structures,nucleic acid-containing structures,ModelArchive,and AlphaFold structures,and the best is that it is expanding day by day with computational advancement with tools and visual experiences.In this review article,we have discussed how RCSB has been a successful collaboratory network,its expansion in each decade,and how it has helped the ground-breaking research.The PDB tools that are helping the researchers,yearly data deposition,validation,processing,and suggestions that can help the developer improve for upcoming years are also discussed.This review will help future researchers understand the complete history of RCSB and its developments in each decade and how various future collaborative networks can be developed in various scientific areas and can be successful by keeping RCSB as a case study.展开更多
The rapid development of digital finance is profoundly changing the structure and management mode of bank credit.Through mobile banking,artificial intelligence,big data,cloud computing,and online lending platforms,ban...The rapid development of digital finance is profoundly changing the structure and management mode of bank credit.Through mobile banking,artificial intelligence,big data,cloud computing,and online lending platforms,banks are able to optimize credit services,increase efficiency,and improve access to credit[1].This evolution began in the late 20th century and accelerated after the 2008 global financial crisis.Through automated approval,precise risk assessment,and real-time monitoring,digital finance has improved credit efficiency,reduced costs,promoted financial inclusion,and enabled groups not covered by traditional financial services to gain support.However,the popularity of digital finance has also brought new challenges,such as consumer protection,cybersecurity,and fraud risks,and there is an urgent need to update the regulatory framework to address these issues.Nonetheless,the technological spillover effects of digital finance have promoted bank credit innovation and improved market competitiveness.This paper analyzes the role of digital finance in credit efficiency,cost,risk management,and financial inclusion,and puts forward policy recommendations to deal with potential risks and ensure the stability and sustainable development of the financial system.展开更多
Overall bank performance in a particular year or period is important to all banking industry stakeholders,as it indicates their success or failure relative to predetermined targets.Due to conflicting criteria and unce...Overall bank performance in a particular year or period is important to all banking industry stakeholders,as it indicates their success or failure relative to predetermined targets.Due to conflicting criteria and uncertainties,assessing bank performance is a complicated decision-making problem.The current paper proposes the Fuzzy Level Based Weight Assessment(F-LBWA),the Fuzzy Logarithm Methodology of Additive Weights(F-LMAW),and the Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to the Compromise Solution(MARCOS)combination as a practical and robust decisionmaking tool to cope with many complex ambiguities.In the first phase,the suggested hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making(MCDM)approach estimates the weight coefficients of the performance criteria with the aid of a combined version of the F-LBWA and F-LMAW methods.In the second phase,the MARCOS method determines the ranking performance of the decision alternatives.The introduced model is tested and validated on a case study assessing publicly traded bank performance in Pakistan.The findings obtained from the sensitivity analysis revealed that the presented F-LBWAF-LMAW-MARCOS approach produces consistent solutions and is a reliable and effective procedure in rational decision-making.展开更多
Effective corporate governance and sound macroprudential policies are crucial to the stability and sustainable development of the banking sector in China.This paper uses panel data sets from 31 listed Chinese commerci...Effective corporate governance and sound macroprudential policies are crucial to the stability and sustainable development of the banking sector in China.This paper uses panel data sets from 31 listed Chinese commercial banks between 2007 and 2023 to examine how corporate governance and macroprudential regulation influence bank risk-taking.To achieve this,we constructed a set of micro-level corporate governance indicators.The findings show that corporate governance significantly reduces bank risk-taking,while macroprudential regulation positively moderates this relationship.Furthermore,business diversification and loan concentration are the key mechanisms through which corporate governance mitigates risk-taking.We confirmed the soundness of these findings by using robust econometric techniques,including difference-in-differences,system GMM,and alternative independent variables.This study provides valuable insights for optimizing bank capital structures,enhancing corporate governance,improving personnel management,and clarifying the roles of regulators in refining the macroprudential regulatory framework.展开更多
The Leymus chinensis grassland is one of themost widely distributed associations in the warmtemperate grassland and due to overgrazing in recent years,it has experienced varying degrees of degradation.Vegetative regen...The Leymus chinensis grassland is one of themost widely distributed associations in the warmtemperate grassland and due to overgrazing in recent years,it has experienced varying degrees of degradation.Vegetative regeneration via bud banks serves as the primaryway of vegetation reproduction in the L.chinensis grassland ecosystem.However,the role of the bud bank in the vegetation regeneration of grazing grassland remains unclear.Based on the relationship between the under-ground bud bank and above-ground vegetation of L.chinensis grassland under different grazing stages,this study aimed to explore whether the grazing grassland could self-recover through the existing bud bank.The findings revealed that the bud density initially increased and then decreased with increasing grazing intensity,indicating that appropriate grazing promoted vegetation renewal.Moreover,grazing significantly influenced the composition of the bud bank:during the early grazing stage,the rhizome buds accounted for the main part,and tiller buds dominated during the mid-stage grazing;while during the late-stage grazing,root-sprouting buds prevailed.The meristem restriction index for light,moderate,and heavy grazing grasslands was close to one;conversely,overgrazing and extreme overgrazing grasslands exhibited the highermeristemrestriction index(2.00,3.19),suggesting that plant regeneration was constrained by bud banks under light-grazing conditions where regenerate rates failed to meet above-ground modular’s recovery requirements following overgrazing and extreme overgrazing events.Consequently,moderate grazing grasslands could achieve natural community recovery by continuously adjusting their vegetative regeneration strategies.Understanding the role of bud banks in vegetative regeneration in grazing grassland will not only supply theoretical support for the ecological succession process of degraded grassland but also provide practical experience for the sustainable management of the L.chinensis grassland ecosystem.展开更多
A gravity-driven membrane(GDM)system is a cleaning-free ultrafiltration(UF)process for decentralized water purification.However,GDM has a poor permeate quality and low stable flux when the feed water contains high lev...A gravity-driven membrane(GDM)system is a cleaning-free ultrafiltration(UF)process for decentralized water purification.However,GDM has a poor permeate quality and low stable flux when the feed water contains high levels of particulates,organic matter,and micropollutants.To address these challenges,this study used riverbank filtration(BF)as a pretreatment for GDM.The experimental results showed that BF could effectively reduce turbidity and particulate organic matter,and preferentially remove biopolymers and protein-like fluorescent components from natural organic matter.The removal efficiencies of micropollutants(diclofenac,carbamazepine,acetamidophenol,and bisphenol A)increased by 15.2%-65.3% in the presence of BF.Moreover,BF-GDM improved the removal of assimilable organic carbon(AOC)by 42%,thereby enhancing the biological stability of the permeate.Despite a modest increase of approximately 20%in the removal of dissolved organic matter,the BF significantly improved the stable flux from 2.8 to 7.3 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1).This remarkable improvement is attributed to the effective removal of key foulants,including particulate substances,biopolymers,and protein-like fluorescent substances,which leads to a thinner bio-cake layer with a higher density of microorganisms.Additionally,because of the high microbial diversity of the soil,BF pretreatment enriched the microbial diversity of the biocake layer,thereby enriching functional microorganisms capable of degrading pollutants in BF-GDM,such as Nitrospirota and Ascomycota.Overall,BF is a highly effective pretreatment for GDM,which potentially broadens its application to polluted source water.展开更多
The optimal allocation of foreign resources requires a minimum level of domestic development,including financial development to benefit from the potential benefits of foreign direct investment.This study discusses the...The optimal allocation of foreign resources requires a minimum level of domestic development,including financial development to benefit from the potential benefits of foreign direct investment.This study discusses the mediating role of financial development in the effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth and establishes the banking sector threshold for the 18 least developed African countries over the period 2000 to 2020.We used the generalized method of moments(GMM)and the threshold regression(TR)as part of the dynamic panel data model.The results show the non-significant contribution of foreign direct investment and the banking sector to economic growth.After interaction,the effect of foreign direct investment becomes positive but not significant.However,the coefficient of the interaction variable is significantly negative.This implies that the financial system is unable to allocate foreign resources efficiently.For this reason,this paper resorted to applying the threshold regression to determine the minimum threshold of the banking sector and established a threshold of 74.58%.It therefore becomes necessary for the 18 least developed African countries to develop the financial system in order to get full benefits of foreign direct investment.展开更多
This study aims to identify the key factors influencing the adoption of generative AI(GenAI)by Vietnamese banks and highlight the challenges and opportunities in digital transformation.It extends the technology-organi...This study aims to identify the key factors influencing the adoption of generative AI(GenAI)by Vietnamese banks and highlight the challenges and opportunities in digital transformation.It extends the technology-organization-environment(TOE)framework to incorporate GenAI-specific factors in the Vietnamese banking sector,characterized by rapid digitization and stringent regulations.A survey yielded 236 valid responses.The data were analyzed via partial least squares structural equation modeling(PLSSEM).The key factors identified include organizational readiness(OR),compatibility(CPT),competitive pressure(CP),complexity(CPL),relative advantage(RA),firm size(FS),and government support(GS).OR emerged as the most influential factor because of a robust IT infrastructure and skilled personnel.CPT and CP were also significant,driving banks to adopt GenAI for a competitive edge.However,CPL presents challenges,requiring simpler AI solutions and clear risk mitigation policies.This study enhances the understanding of GenAI adoption within the Vietnamese banking sector,emphasizing the importance of tailored strategies for different bank sizes and the critical role of technology readiness for effective integration.The findings provide actionable insights into banks navigating their digital transformation journeys.展开更多
The recent development of FinTech has raised concerns about the unique role of small banks in the small business lending market;therefore,this study investigates how FinTech affects small banks,focusing on their compa...The recent development of FinTech has raised concerns about the unique role of small banks in the small business lending market;therefore,this study investigates how FinTech affects small banks,focusing on their comparative advantage in the small business lending market.Our results suggest that FinTech development,either from BigTech firms or big banks’adoption of technology,negatively affects small banks and decreases their small business loans and unsecured credit loans.Our mechanism analyses show that the technological advantages of BigTech firms and big banks facilitate their credit supply to small-and medium-sized enterprises and reduce SMEs’demand from small banks,challenging the soft information-based business models employed by small banks.Conversely,small banks with superior technological capabilities and a longer local presence are less affected.Overall,our findings highlight the negative effect of FinTech development on the small bank advantage.展开更多
Amid the deepening implementation of rural revitalization strategies and rapid fintech development,rural commercial banks-core financial institutions serving agriculture,rural areas,and farmers(the“three rurals”)and...Amid the deepening implementation of rural revitalization strategies and rapid fintech development,rural commercial banks-core financial institutions serving agriculture,rural areas,and farmers(the“three rurals”)and county economies-have seen their tellers’service quality and operational efficiency directly impact market competitiveness and sustainable development capabilities.This study examines teller performance management in rural commercial banks from a business management perspective.By analyzing structural issues in existing performance management systems and integrating theoretical frameworks with industry case studies,it proposes systematic optimization measures.The research aims to provide practical references for establishing scientific and efficient teller performance management systems in rural commercial banks,thereby enhancing service quality,strengthening talent support,and better serving the rural financial market.展开更多
文摘Process-oriented writing is the main way for teachers to precisely control the problems and weak links presented by students in each writing stage.Therefore,it is possible to design teaching activities that are in line with their cognitive levels based on students’needs;promote writing through debate,attach importance to the high integration of reading,speaking,and writing;and strengthen the subjectivity of students in writing by taking interest as the lead and life as the source.
基金funded by the Key Research and Development Projects in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B03024-3)the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(ZYYD2024CG20)the Autonomous Region'Tianshan Talents'Training Program Young Top Talents Project(2023TSYCJU0007).
文摘The banks in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River in China are weak in erosion resistance and prone to collapse.Vegetation,as a natural reinforcement material,can effectively improve slope stability and curb soil erosion.In March and July 2023,a field survey was conducted on the types and distribution characteristics of vegetation along both banks of a certain section in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.Taking COMSOL Multiphysics as the finite element numerical simulation platform,we investigated the variation law of bank slope stability in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River under different root morphologies,considering changes in transpiration time,rainfall,and water level under the action of hydro-mechanical reinforcement.The findings showed that vegetation transpiration has a significant effect on soil pore water pressure.Given the same transpiration rate,shorter root systems produced greater pore water pressure.For equal root lengths,the pore water pressures generated by roots in exponential and triangular morphologies were significantly greater than those generated by roots in uniformly distributed and parabolic morphologies.The water absorption capacity of the root system increased with transpiration rate.After 7 d of transpiration,the maximum safety factor of the bank slope reinforced by exponential roots was 1.568,which was a 9.88%improvement over that of the bare slope.After 24 h of rainfall,the effect of vegetation transpiration on soil pore water pressure weakened rapidly;the pore water pressure of the surface soil generated by transpiration from vegetation with different root morphologies was concentrated near–10.00 kPa.After rainfall,the displacement of the exponential root reinforced slope was minimized to 0.137 m.The effect of transpiration-induced changes in substrate suction on slope stability was negligible during the rainfall period.Compared with that of the bare slope,the displacements of bank slopes reinforced by root systems significantly increased.The maximum displacement occurred when the water level changed by 1.5 m/d;the displacement of the bare slope was 0.554 m,whereas the displacements of bank slopes reinforced by roots in different morphologies were 0.260–0.273 m.The impact of vegetation transpiration on the safety factor of riverbanks under sudden water level drops was relatively minor,but it can enhance the stability of riverbanks to a certain extent.Among these,riverbanks reinforced by roots in triangular and exponential morphologies exhibited superior stability compared with those reinforced by uniformly distributed or parabolic root systems.The findings offer a theoretical basis and practical guidance for designing vegetation slope protection in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42207539,42377470)the Key Research and Development Project of Science and Technology Plan of Gansu Province in China International Science and Technology Cooperation Project(25YFWA009).
文摘Belowground bud banks are essential for the regeneration of plant population in arid desert areas,and their response to environmental changes could reflect adaptive strategies of plants to desert habitats.However,the size and composition of belowground bud banks and their response to environmental factors in the desert steppe zone remain poorly understood,challenging desertification control efforts in arid desert areas.This study examined the density and vertical distribution of horizontal and vertical rhizome buds of a rhizomatous legume herb Sophora alopecuroides L.,its population characteristics,and soil physical-chemical properties in three habitats(interdune lowland(IL),flat sandy land(FSL),and desert steppe(DS))in a desert steppe zone,northern China.Our findings revealed that:(1)total and horizontal rhizome bud densities of S.alopecuroides differed significantly among the three habitats(P<0.05),with the largest total rhizome bud density(177 buds/m2)in IL and the smallest(63 buds/m2)in DS;(2)horizontal rhizome buds distributed in the deep soil layer were dominant in IL,while vertical rhizome buds in the top soil layer were predominant in DS;and(3)soil coarse sand,nutrient content,and population density were the primary factors affecting bud bank density of S.alopecuroides.Specifically,horizontal rhizome buds were dependent largely on soil coarse sand content,and vertical rhizome buds tended to be more related to soil organic matter content and population density.Our results indicated that horizontal rhizome buds were more important in IL with frequent aeolian disturbance,whereas vertical rhizome buds were more important in DS with abundant water and nutrient resources.The plastic responses and survival strategies of S.alopecuroides bud bank to different habitats provide valuable information for the effective implementation of desertification control measures and the management of desert steppe ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41961134032).
文摘The probabilistic stability evolution analysis of reservoir bank slopes is a crucial aspect of risk assessment,with core challenges including the consideration of deformation mechanisms and accurate determination of mechanical parameters.In this study,a novel time-varying reliability analysis framework based on sequential Bayesian updating of mechanical parameters is proposed.The inverse parameters account for damage time-dependent behavior,incorporating water effect and a strain-driven softening-hardening process that depends on sliding states.The likelihood function is enhanced to simultaneously consider observation error,surrogate model prediction error,and model structural error,with the introduction of physical penalty.Exploration of the high-dimensional parameter space is achieved via the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo(HMC)method and the physics knowledge-based time-dependent deformation surrogate model.The time-varying reliability analysis of the slope is performed using the multi-grid method.Taking a reservoir bank slope as a case study,the sequential updating of 12 mechanical parameters is conducted based on deformation time series from 16 monitoring points,thereby validating the proposed framework.The results indicate that the proposed framework effectively captures the posterior distribution of mechanical parameters,with the case slope remaining in a critically stable state after overall sliding,showing a high failure probability.Introducing model structural error can reduce parameter compensation,and a reasonable sequential updating step size can improve inversion accuracy.
文摘This study sets out to conduct the effectiveness of process-oriented approach on the ESL writing teaching for non-Eng-lish majors in Yunnan Agricultural University(YAU),with the aim of enhancing the students' English writing proficiency andscores.120 non-English major sophomores and 10 English teachers from YAU are involved in it.With the results of questionnaire,interview and the composition scores of the target students,the findings indicate that the students have a positive attitude towardsprocess-oriented writing approach and it can help them write better and make the writing class more interesting.
文摘Peer revision is a collaborative activity during which student writers can exchange drafts and make suggestions for improvement. It has been widely used at present in process-oriented writing instruction. In this paper, the researcher carried out an empirical study about the effects and efficacy of peer revision on a group of Chinese Juniors majoring in English. It was found that student writers focused specially on grammar and vocabulary in PE session and organization was the least attended to. PE was quite effective in improving the overall writing quality, as the participants did incorporate most of the revisions suggested by their peers. However, the influences of students'writing proficiencies and of the rhetorical modes of the writing tasks on the effects of PE were proved to be not very significant.
文摘Drawn upon Dornyei' s motivational study,this paper aims to explore the implications that process-oriented approach may bring and tries to shed light on some applications in Chinese EFL teaching context.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.70501030,70621001)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (No.9073020)
文摘A process-oriented knowledge-sharing platform is studied to improve knowledge sharing and project management of chemical engineering design enterprises. First, problems and characteristics of knowledge sharing in multi-projects of chemical engineering design are analyzed. Then based on theories of project management, process management, and knowledge management, a process-oriented knowledge-sharing platform is proposed. The platform has three characteristics: knowledge is divided into professional knowledge and project management knowledge; knowledge sharing is integrated with the project process, which makes knowledge sharing a necessary part of the project process and ensures the quantity of knowledge shared; the platform provides quantitative measurements of incentive mechanisms for knowledge providers and users which ensures the quality of knowledge shared. This knowledge-sharing platform uses two knowledge management tools, a knowledge map and a knowledge base, to support the platform.
文摘Background: Providing nursing care for patients and relatives requires a great effort from a nurse. It is therefore important for the nurse to have the opportunity to reflect on the caring acts included in process-oriented nursing supervision (PRONS). The overall objective of the nursing supervision is to support the professional development identity, competences, skills and ethics in different situations in nursing care. Aim: To investigate nurses’ experiences of the model of purging, playing and learning (PPL) according to Eriksson theory in a (PRONS) related to strengthen safe care, quality and professional development. Method: A qualitative study with individual interviews and the data was analyzed using qualitative interpretive content analysis. Participants: All eleven registered participated nurses were from southwestern Sweden and worked in different hospital units. Ethical Considerations: The study carried out in accordance with the ethical guidelines laid down in the Helsinki Declaration and according to the recommendations of the regional ethics committee. Findings: Three categories were identified, valuable purging in the process, responsive playing and awareness of learning. The study found that by participating in PRONS the nurses had developed new approaches with different “tools” when difficult situations occurred in daily nursing practice. Conclusion: PRONS with the model PPL has an important role to support nurses in daily nursing practice. The study highlights that there are residual successful effects after PRONS for the nurses in managing care situations that experienced strengthen quality in care and professional development.
文摘In the year 1971,the world’s biggest structural biology collaboration name—The Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics(RCSB),was formed to gather all the structural biologists at a single platform and then extended out to be the world’s most extensive structural data repository named RCSB-Protein Data Bank(PDB)(https://www.rcsb.org/)that has provided the service for more than 50 years and continues its legacy for the discoveries and repositories for structural data.The RCSB has evolved from being a collaboratory network to a full-fledged database and tool with a huge list of protein structures,nucleic acid-containing structures,ModelArchive,and AlphaFold structures,and the best is that it is expanding day by day with computational advancement with tools and visual experiences.In this review article,we have discussed how RCSB has been a successful collaboratory network,its expansion in each decade,and how it has helped the ground-breaking research.The PDB tools that are helping the researchers,yearly data deposition,validation,processing,and suggestions that can help the developer improve for upcoming years are also discussed.This review will help future researchers understand the complete history of RCSB and its developments in each decade and how various future collaborative networks can be developed in various scientific areas and can be successful by keeping RCSB as a case study.
文摘The rapid development of digital finance is profoundly changing the structure and management mode of bank credit.Through mobile banking,artificial intelligence,big data,cloud computing,and online lending platforms,banks are able to optimize credit services,increase efficiency,and improve access to credit[1].This evolution began in the late 20th century and accelerated after the 2008 global financial crisis.Through automated approval,precise risk assessment,and real-time monitoring,digital finance has improved credit efficiency,reduced costs,promoted financial inclusion,and enabled groups not covered by traditional financial services to gain support.However,the popularity of digital finance has also brought new challenges,such as consumer protection,cybersecurity,and fraud risks,and there is an urgent need to update the regulatory framework to address these issues.Nonetheless,the technological spillover effects of digital finance have promoted bank credit innovation and improved market competitiveness.This paper analyzes the role of digital finance in credit efficiency,cost,risk management,and financial inclusion,and puts forward policy recommendations to deal with potential risks and ensure the stability and sustainable development of the financial system.
文摘Overall bank performance in a particular year or period is important to all banking industry stakeholders,as it indicates their success or failure relative to predetermined targets.Due to conflicting criteria and uncertainties,assessing bank performance is a complicated decision-making problem.The current paper proposes the Fuzzy Level Based Weight Assessment(F-LBWA),the Fuzzy Logarithm Methodology of Additive Weights(F-LMAW),and the Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to the Compromise Solution(MARCOS)combination as a practical and robust decisionmaking tool to cope with many complex ambiguities.In the first phase,the suggested hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making(MCDM)approach estimates the weight coefficients of the performance criteria with the aid of a combined version of the F-LBWA and F-LMAW methods.In the second phase,the MARCOS method determines the ranking performance of the decision alternatives.The introduced model is tested and validated on a case study assessing publicly traded bank performance in Pakistan.The findings obtained from the sensitivity analysis revealed that the presented F-LBWAF-LMAW-MARCOS approach produces consistent solutions and is a reliable and effective procedure in rational decision-making.
基金supported by the General Project of the National Social Science Fund,“Research on the Implementation Mechanism and Optimization Path of Multi-level Agricultural Insurance from the Perspective of Heterogeneity”(Project No.19BJY161)the Outstanding Youth Scientific Research Project of the Hunan Provincial Department of Education,“Measurement,Transmission,and Prevention of Systemic Financial Risks in the Context of Low-carbon Transition”(Project No.22B0649)the General Project of the Hunan Provincial Social Science Achievement Evaluation Committee,“Research on the Measurement and Early Warning of Systemic Financial Risks under the Impact of Low-carbon Transition”(Project No.XSP2023JJZ010).
文摘Effective corporate governance and sound macroprudential policies are crucial to the stability and sustainable development of the banking sector in China.This paper uses panel data sets from 31 listed Chinese commercial banks between 2007 and 2023 to examine how corporate governance and macroprudential regulation influence bank risk-taking.To achieve this,we constructed a set of micro-level corporate governance indicators.The findings show that corporate governance significantly reduces bank risk-taking,while macroprudential regulation positively moderates this relationship.Furthermore,business diversification and loan concentration are the key mechanisms through which corporate governance mitigates risk-taking.We confirmed the soundness of these findings by using robust econometric techniques,including difference-in-differences,system GMM,and alternative independent variables.This study provides valuable insights for optimizing bank capital structures,enhancing corporate governance,improving personnel management,and clarifying the roles of regulators in refining the macroprudential regulatory framework.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42377458 and 41907411).
文摘The Leymus chinensis grassland is one of themost widely distributed associations in the warmtemperate grassland and due to overgrazing in recent years,it has experienced varying degrees of degradation.Vegetative regeneration via bud banks serves as the primaryway of vegetation reproduction in the L.chinensis grassland ecosystem.However,the role of the bud bank in the vegetation regeneration of grazing grassland remains unclear.Based on the relationship between the under-ground bud bank and above-ground vegetation of L.chinensis grassland under different grazing stages,this study aimed to explore whether the grazing grassland could self-recover through the existing bud bank.The findings revealed that the bud density initially increased and then decreased with increasing grazing intensity,indicating that appropriate grazing promoted vegetation renewal.Moreover,grazing significantly influenced the composition of the bud bank:during the early grazing stage,the rhizome buds accounted for the main part,and tiller buds dominated during the mid-stage grazing;while during the late-stage grazing,root-sprouting buds prevailed.The meristem restriction index for light,moderate,and heavy grazing grasslands was close to one;conversely,overgrazing and extreme overgrazing grasslands exhibited the highermeristemrestriction index(2.00,3.19),suggesting that plant regeneration was constrained by bud banks under light-grazing conditions where regenerate rates failed to meet above-ground modular’s recovery requirements following overgrazing and extreme overgrazing events.Consequently,moderate grazing grasslands could achieve natural community recovery by continuously adjusting their vegetative regeneration strategies.Understanding the role of bud banks in vegetative regeneration in grazing grassland will not only supply theoretical support for the ecological succession process of degraded grassland but also provide practical experience for the sustainable management of the L.chinensis grassland ecosystem.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52270077 and 52070147)。
文摘A gravity-driven membrane(GDM)system is a cleaning-free ultrafiltration(UF)process for decentralized water purification.However,GDM has a poor permeate quality and low stable flux when the feed water contains high levels of particulates,organic matter,and micropollutants.To address these challenges,this study used riverbank filtration(BF)as a pretreatment for GDM.The experimental results showed that BF could effectively reduce turbidity and particulate organic matter,and preferentially remove biopolymers and protein-like fluorescent components from natural organic matter.The removal efficiencies of micropollutants(diclofenac,carbamazepine,acetamidophenol,and bisphenol A)increased by 15.2%-65.3% in the presence of BF.Moreover,BF-GDM improved the removal of assimilable organic carbon(AOC)by 42%,thereby enhancing the biological stability of the permeate.Despite a modest increase of approximately 20%in the removal of dissolved organic matter,the BF significantly improved the stable flux from 2.8 to 7.3 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1).This remarkable improvement is attributed to the effective removal of key foulants,including particulate substances,biopolymers,and protein-like fluorescent substances,which leads to a thinner bio-cake layer with a higher density of microorganisms.Additionally,because of the high microbial diversity of the soil,BF pretreatment enriched the microbial diversity of the biocake layer,thereby enriching functional microorganisms capable of degrading pollutants in BF-GDM,such as Nitrospirota and Ascomycota.Overall,BF is a highly effective pretreatment for GDM,which potentially broadens its application to polluted source water.
文摘The optimal allocation of foreign resources requires a minimum level of domestic development,including financial development to benefit from the potential benefits of foreign direct investment.This study discusses the mediating role of financial development in the effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth and establishes the banking sector threshold for the 18 least developed African countries over the period 2000 to 2020.We used the generalized method of moments(GMM)and the threshold regression(TR)as part of the dynamic panel data model.The results show the non-significant contribution of foreign direct investment and the banking sector to economic growth.After interaction,the effect of foreign direct investment becomes positive but not significant.However,the coefficient of the interaction variable is significantly negative.This implies that the financial system is unable to allocate foreign resources efficiently.For this reason,this paper resorted to applying the threshold regression to determine the minimum threshold of the banking sector and established a threshold of 74.58%.It therefore becomes necessary for the 18 least developed African countries to develop the financial system in order to get full benefits of foreign direct investment.
文摘This study aims to identify the key factors influencing the adoption of generative AI(GenAI)by Vietnamese banks and highlight the challenges and opportunities in digital transformation.It extends the technology-organization-environment(TOE)framework to incorporate GenAI-specific factors in the Vietnamese banking sector,characterized by rapid digitization and stringent regulations.A survey yielded 236 valid responses.The data were analyzed via partial least squares structural equation modeling(PLSSEM).The key factors identified include organizational readiness(OR),compatibility(CPT),competitive pressure(CP),complexity(CPL),relative advantage(RA),firm size(FS),and government support(GS).OR emerged as the most influential factor because of a robust IT infrastructure and skilled personnel.CPT and CP were also significant,driving banks to adopt GenAI for a competitive edge.However,CPL presents challenges,requiring simpler AI solutions and clear risk mitigation policies.This study enhances the understanding of GenAI adoption within the Vietnamese banking sector,emphasizing the importance of tailored strategies for different bank sizes and the critical role of technology readiness for effective integration.The findings provide actionable insights into banks navigating their digital transformation journeys.
文摘The recent development of FinTech has raised concerns about the unique role of small banks in the small business lending market;therefore,this study investigates how FinTech affects small banks,focusing on their comparative advantage in the small business lending market.Our results suggest that FinTech development,either from BigTech firms or big banks’adoption of technology,negatively affects small banks and decreases their small business loans and unsecured credit loans.Our mechanism analyses show that the technological advantages of BigTech firms and big banks facilitate their credit supply to small-and medium-sized enterprises and reduce SMEs’demand from small banks,challenging the soft information-based business models employed by small banks.Conversely,small banks with superior technological capabilities and a longer local presence are less affected.Overall,our findings highlight the negative effect of FinTech development on the small bank advantage.
文摘Amid the deepening implementation of rural revitalization strategies and rapid fintech development,rural commercial banks-core financial institutions serving agriculture,rural areas,and farmers(the“three rurals”)and county economies-have seen their tellers’service quality and operational efficiency directly impact market competitiveness and sustainable development capabilities.This study examines teller performance management in rural commercial banks from a business management perspective.By analyzing structural issues in existing performance management systems and integrating theoretical frameworks with industry case studies,it proposes systematic optimization measures.The research aims to provide practical references for establishing scientific and efficient teller performance management systems in rural commercial banks,thereby enhancing service quality,strengthening talent support,and better serving the rural financial market.
