In order to improve nitrogen removal in anoxic/oxic(A/O) process effectively for treating domestic wastewaters, the influence factors, DO(dissolved oxygen), nitrate recirculation, sludge recycle, SRT(solids residence ...In order to improve nitrogen removal in anoxic/oxic(A/O) process effectively for treating domestic wastewaters, the influence factors, DO(dissolved oxygen), nitrate recirculation, sludge recycle, SRT(solids residence time), influent COD/TN and HRT(hydraulic retention time) were studied. Results indicated that it was possible to increase nitrogen removal by using corresponding control strategies, such as, adjusting the DO set point according to effluent ammonia concentration; manipulating nitrate recirculation flow according to nitrate concentration at the end of anoxic zone. Based on the experiments results, a knowledge-based approach for supervision of the nitrogen removal problems was considered, and decision trees for diagnosing nitrification and denitrification problems were built and successfully applied to A/O process.展开更多
How to design a multicast key management system with high performance is a hot issue now. This paper will apply the idea of hierarchical data processing to construct a common analytic model based on directed logical k...How to design a multicast key management system with high performance is a hot issue now. This paper will apply the idea of hierarchical data processing to construct a common analytic model based on directed logical key tree and supply two important metrics to this problem： re-keying cost and key storage cost. The paper gives the basic theory to the hierarchical data processing and the analyzing model to multieast key management based on logical key tree. It has been proved that the 4-ray tree has the best performance in using these metrics. The key management problem is also investigated based on user probability model, and gives two evaluating parameters to re-keying and key storage cost.展开更多
A finite random graph generated by continuous time birth and death processes with exponentially distributed waiting times was investigated, which is similar to a communication network in daily life. The vertices are t...A finite random graph generated by continuous time birth and death processes with exponentially distributed waiting times was investigated, which is similar to a communication network in daily life. The vertices are the living particles, and directed edges go from mothers to daughters. The size of the communication network was studied. Furthermore, the probability of successfully connecting senders with receivers and the transmitting speed of information were obtained.展开更多
Many black box functions and datasets have regions of different variability. Models such as the Gaussian process may fall short in giving the best representation of these complex functions. One successful approach for...Many black box functions and datasets have regions of different variability. Models such as the Gaussian process may fall short in giving the best representation of these complex functions. One successful approach for modeling this type of nonstationarity is the Treed Gaussian process <span style="font-family:Verdana;">[1]<span style="font-family:Verdana;">, which extended the Gaussian process by dividing the input space into different regions using a binary tree algorithm. Each region became its own Gaussian process. This iterative inference process formed many different trees and thus, many different Gaussian processes. In the end these were combined to get a posterior predictive distribution at each point. The idea was that when the iterations were combined, smoothing would take place for the surface of the predicted points near tree boundaries. We introduce the Improved Treed Gaussian process, which divides the input space into a single main binary tree where the different tree regions have different variability. The parameters for the Gaussian process for each tree region are then determined. These parameters are then smoothed at the region boundaries. This smoothing leads to a set of parameters for each point in the input space that specify the covariance matrix used to predict the point. The advantage is that the prediction and actual errors are estimated better since the standard deviation and range parameters of each point are related to the variation of the region it is in. Further, smoothing between regions is better since each point prediction uses its parameters over the whole input space. Examples are given in this paper which show these advantages for lower-dimensional problems.展开更多
In this paper, constrained K closest pairs query is introduced, wbich retrieves the K closest pairs satisfying the given spatial constraint from two datasets. For data sets indexed by R trees in spatial databases, thr...In this paper, constrained K closest pairs query is introduced, wbich retrieves the K closest pairs satisfying the given spatial constraint from two datasets. For data sets indexed by R trees in spatial databases, three algorithms are presented for answering this kind of query. Among of them, two-phase Range＋Join and Join＋Range algorithms adopt the strategy that changes the execution order of range and closest pairs queries, and constrained heap-based algorithm utilizes extended distance functions to prune search space and minimize the pruning distance. Experimental results show that constrained heap-base algorithm has better applicability and performance than two-phase algorithms.展开更多
Several quantitative and qualitative indexes were selected for road landscaping in universities, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to construct an evaluation system for the selection of road landscaping tre...Several quantitative and qualitative indexes were selected for road landscaping in universities, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to construct an evaluation system for the selection of road landscaping trees for universities. Such an evaluation system was also used to objectively and comprehensively appraise present ornamental tree species in Binzhou University, and select species fit for its road landscaping, plant furnishings in Binzhou University were also analyzed.展开更多
In this paper, the binomial tree method is introduced to price the European option under a class of jump-diffusion model. The purpose of the addressed problem is to find the parameters of the binomial tree and design ...In this paper, the binomial tree method is introduced to price the European option under a class of jump-diffusion model. The purpose of the addressed problem is to find the parameters of the binomial tree and design the pricing formula for European option. Compared with the continuous situation, the proposed value equation of option under the new binomial tree model converges to Merton’s accurate analytical solution, and the established binomial tree method can be proved to work better than the traditional binomial tree. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed pricing methods.展开更多
In this paper, a theoretical model of multi-level, non-spherical scatterers is developed for fully polarimetric scattering from tree canopy in SAR imaging at C band. The amplitude functions of non-spherical particles ...In this paper, a theoretical model of multi-level, non-spherical scatterers is developed for fully polarimetric scattering from tree canopy in SAR imaging at C band. The amplitude functions of non-spherical particles with randomly spatial orientation are derived by the generalized Rayleigh-Gans (GRG) approximation. The non-diagonal extinction matrix and the Mueller matrix solution are constructed. Numerical solutions of polarimetric scattering of four Stokes parameters from random, non-spherical scatterers are obtained. To physically identify polarimetric scattering of the Mueller matrix solution, the coherency matrix and its eigen-analysis are discussed. Functional dependence of the coherency matrix and entropy upon various parameters are obtained. As an application, the analysis of AirSAR images at P, L, C bands is discussed.展开更多
文摘In order to improve nitrogen removal in anoxic/oxic(A/O) process effectively for treating domestic wastewaters, the influence factors, DO(dissolved oxygen), nitrate recirculation, sludge recycle, SRT(solids residence time), influent COD/TN and HRT(hydraulic retention time) were studied. Results indicated that it was possible to increase nitrogen removal by using corresponding control strategies, such as, adjusting the DO set point according to effluent ammonia concentration; manipulating nitrate recirculation flow according to nitrate concentration at the end of anoxic zone. Based on the experiments results, a knowledge-based approach for supervision of the nitrogen removal problems was considered, and decision trees for diagnosing nitrification and denitrification problems were built and successfully applied to A/O process.
基金Supported by the National High-Technology Re-search and Development Programof China(2001AA115300) the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China (69874038) ,the Nat-ural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(20031018)
文摘How to design a multicast key management system with high performance is a hot issue now. This paper will apply the idea of hierarchical data processing to construct a common analytic model based on directed logical key tree and supply two important metrics to this problem： re-keying cost and key storage cost. The paper gives the basic theory to the hierarchical data processing and the analyzing model to multieast key management based on logical key tree. It has been proved that the 4-ray tree has the best performance in using these metrics. The key management problem is also investigated based on user probability model, and gives two evaluating parameters to re-keying and key storage cost.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos.10471088, 60572126）
文摘A finite random graph generated by continuous time birth and death processes with exponentially distributed waiting times was investigated, which is similar to a communication network in daily life. The vertices are the living particles, and directed edges go from mothers to daughters. The size of the communication network was studied. Furthermore, the probability of successfully connecting senders with receivers and the transmitting speed of information were obtained.
文摘Many black box functions and datasets have regions of different variability. Models such as the Gaussian process may fall short in giving the best representation of these complex functions. One successful approach for modeling this type of nonstationarity is the Treed Gaussian process <span style="font-family:Verdana;">[1]<span style="font-family:Verdana;">, which extended the Gaussian process by dividing the input space into different regions using a binary tree algorithm. Each region became its own Gaussian process. This iterative inference process formed many different trees and thus, many different Gaussian processes. In the end these were combined to get a posterior predictive distribution at each point. The idea was that when the iterations were combined, smoothing would take place for the surface of the predicted points near tree boundaries. We introduce the Improved Treed Gaussian process, which divides the input space into a single main binary tree where the different tree regions have different variability. The parameters for the Gaussian process for each tree region are then determined. These parameters are then smoothed at the region boundaries. This smoothing leads to a set of parameters for each point in the input space that specify the covariance matrix used to predict the point. The advantage is that the prediction and actual errors are estimated better since the standard deviation and range parameters of each point are related to the variation of the region it is in. Further, smoothing between regions is better since each point prediction uses its parameters over the whole input space. Examples are given in this paper which show these advantages for lower-dimensional problems.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundationof China (60073045)
文摘In this paper, constrained K closest pairs query is introduced, wbich retrieves the K closest pairs satisfying the given spatial constraint from two datasets. For data sets indexed by R trees in spatial databases, three algorithms are presented for answering this kind of query. Among of them, two-phase Range＋Join and Join＋Range algorithms adopt the strategy that changes the execution order of range and closest pairs queries, and constrained heap-based algorithm utilizes extended distance functions to prune search space and minimize the pruning distance. Experimental results show that constrained heap-base algorithm has better applicability and performance than two-phase algorithms.
文摘Several quantitative and qualitative indexes were selected for road landscaping in universities, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to construct an evaluation system for the selection of road landscaping trees for universities. Such an evaluation system was also used to objectively and comprehensively appraise present ornamental tree species in Binzhou University, and select species fit for its road landscaping, plant furnishings in Binzhou University were also analyzed.
文摘In this paper, the binomial tree method is introduced to price the European option under a class of jump-diffusion model. The purpose of the addressed problem is to find the parameters of the binomial tree and design the pricing formula for European option. Compared with the continuous situation, the proposed value equation of option under the new binomial tree model converges to Merton’s accurate analytical solution, and the established binomial tree method can be proved to work better than the traditional binomial tree. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed pricing methods.
文摘In this paper, a theoretical model of multi-level, non-spherical scatterers is developed for fully polarimetric scattering from tree canopy in SAR imaging at C band. The amplitude functions of non-spherical particles with randomly spatial orientation are derived by the generalized Rayleigh-Gans (GRG) approximation. The non-diagonal extinction matrix and the Mueller matrix solution are constructed. Numerical solutions of polarimetric scattering of four Stokes parameters from random, non-spherical scatterers are obtained. To physically identify polarimetric scattering of the Mueller matrix solution, the coherency matrix and its eigen-analysis are discussed. Functional dependence of the coherency matrix and entropy upon various parameters are obtained. As an application, the analysis of AirSAR images at P, L, C bands is discussed.
