This paper presents the results from a case study highlighting the difficulties of pile driving in diatomaceous soils.In the companion(first)paper to this article,results of an extensive laboratory and in situ testing...This paper presents the results from a case study highlighting the difficulties of pile driving in diatomaceous soils.In the companion(first)paper to this article,results of an extensive laboratory and in situ testing program were presented while the results from pile driving and further analysis of field observations were presented herein.Unexpected high pile rebound(HPR)was observed during driving of a closed-end pipe pile,with refusal occurring at a depth of less than 5 m.Subsequent open-ended piles were thus driven.Piezometer and case pile wave analysis program(CAPWAP)data were collected during driving of both closed-and open-end piles.Piezometer data indicated that negative pore water pressures(PWPs)were generated while the closed-ended pile exhibited high rebound.Results from in situ tests indicated change in material stiffness and strong dilative tendencies near the depth of refusal.A hypothesis for observed behavior was proposed that considers the soil beneath the pile as a medium with an effectively infinite bulk modulus.展开更多
Diatomaceous soils are comprised of the silica frustules of diatom microalgae that are present in marine and lacustrine environments throughout the world.Owing to their unique origin,diatomaceous soils are typically c...Diatomaceous soils are comprised of the silica frustules of diatom microalgae that are present in marine and lacustrine environments throughout the world.Owing to their unique origin,diatomaceous soils are typically characterized by high intraparticle porosity,complex particle shapes,and uniform mineralogy,causing them to exhibit atypical physical and engineering behaviors.A substantial deposit of diatomaceous silt was observed during site exploration for construction of the Buck Creek Bridge on OR140 near Klamath Falls,OR,USA.A comprehensive laboratory and in situ testing program indicated that the diatomaceous soil possessed“non-textbook”engineering properties.Specifically,tested samples had high liquid limits(≈100%-140%)with natural water contents at or near the liquid limit.Geologically,the soil is expected to be normally consolidated,yet high apparent overconsolidation ratios(OCR)(≈15-40)were observed both in oedometric consolidation tests and through cone penetration test(CPT)correlations.Standard penetration test(SPT)results show a corrected standard penetration resistance consistent with a medium-dense sand(i.e.(N1)_(60)≈25).CPT results include corrected tip resistances(qt)of approximately 7-10 MPa and excess pore pressures(u_(2))of up to 4 MPa.In CPT dissipation tests,pore water pressures(PWPs)returned to hydrostatic pressure in less than 1 h.In this work,we synthesize these seemingly disparate material properties in an attempt to infer appropriate engineering properties for the diatomaceous deposit at the Buck Creek Bridge and attempt to provide insight into the underlying reasons for the observed behavior.展开更多
The effect of cement on physiochemical properties of three types of soils i.e garden soil, agricultural soil and roadside soil was investigated. The ordinary Portland cement was used. The amount of cement added to soi...The effect of cement on physiochemical properties of three types of soils i.e garden soil, agricultural soil and roadside soil was investigated. The ordinary Portland cement was used. The amount of cement added to soil samples, as dry mass percentage was 20%. The results of analysis showed that the addition of cement is capable of bringing about changes in physiochemical properties of soil. The electrical conductivity and organic matter content in three soils get decreased by the addition of cement. While the pH, bulk density and water holding capacity of soils after the addition of cement gets increased. The soil found most suitable to be treated with cement was roadside soil. It was concluded that cement can be used to change the physiochemical properties of soil and this technique has great utility in improving the quality of problematic soils.展开更多
文摘This paper presents the results from a case study highlighting the difficulties of pile driving in diatomaceous soils.In the companion(first)paper to this article,results of an extensive laboratory and in situ testing program were presented while the results from pile driving and further analysis of field observations were presented herein.Unexpected high pile rebound(HPR)was observed during driving of a closed-end pipe pile,with refusal occurring at a depth of less than 5 m.Subsequent open-ended piles were thus driven.Piezometer and case pile wave analysis program(CAPWAP)data were collected during driving of both closed-and open-end piles.Piezometer data indicated that negative pore water pressures(PWPs)were generated while the closed-ended pile exhibited high rebound.Results from in situ tests indicated change in material stiffness and strong dilative tendencies near the depth of refusal.A hypothesis for observed behavior was proposed that considers the soil beneath the pile as a medium with an effectively infinite bulk modulus.
基金This work was funded by the Oregon Department of Transportation(ODOT),which is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Diatomaceous soils are comprised of the silica frustules of diatom microalgae that are present in marine and lacustrine environments throughout the world.Owing to their unique origin,diatomaceous soils are typically characterized by high intraparticle porosity,complex particle shapes,and uniform mineralogy,causing them to exhibit atypical physical and engineering behaviors.A substantial deposit of diatomaceous silt was observed during site exploration for construction of the Buck Creek Bridge on OR140 near Klamath Falls,OR,USA.A comprehensive laboratory and in situ testing program indicated that the diatomaceous soil possessed“non-textbook”engineering properties.Specifically,tested samples had high liquid limits(≈100%-140%)with natural water contents at or near the liquid limit.Geologically,the soil is expected to be normally consolidated,yet high apparent overconsolidation ratios(OCR)(≈15-40)were observed both in oedometric consolidation tests and through cone penetration test(CPT)correlations.Standard penetration test(SPT)results show a corrected standard penetration resistance consistent with a medium-dense sand(i.e.(N1)_(60)≈25).CPT results include corrected tip resistances(qt)of approximately 7-10 MPa and excess pore pressures(u_(2))of up to 4 MPa.In CPT dissipation tests,pore water pressures(PWPs)returned to hydrostatic pressure in less than 1 h.In this work,we synthesize these seemingly disparate material properties in an attempt to infer appropriate engineering properties for the diatomaceous deposit at the Buck Creek Bridge and attempt to provide insight into the underlying reasons for the observed behavior.
文摘The effect of cement on physiochemical properties of three types of soils i.e garden soil, agricultural soil and roadside soil was investigated. The ordinary Portland cement was used. The amount of cement added to soil samples, as dry mass percentage was 20%. The results of analysis showed that the addition of cement is capable of bringing about changes in physiochemical properties of soil. The electrical conductivity and organic matter content in three soils get decreased by the addition of cement. While the pH, bulk density and water holding capacity of soils after the addition of cement gets increased. The soil found most suitable to be treated with cement was roadside soil. It was concluded that cement can be used to change the physiochemical properties of soil and this technique has great utility in improving the quality of problematic soils.
