This study constructs a reflective feedback model based on a pedagogical agent(PA)and explores its impact on students’problem-solving ability and cognitive load.A quasi-experimental design was used in the study,with ...This study constructs a reflective feedback model based on a pedagogical agent(PA)and explores its impact on students’problem-solving ability and cognitive load.A quasi-experimental design was used in the study,with 84 students from a middle school selected as the research subjects(44 in the experimental group and 40 in the control group).The experimental group used the reflective feedback model,while the control group used the factual feedback model.The results show that,compared with factual feedback,the reflective feedback model based on the pedagogical agent significantly improves students’problem-solving ability,especially at the action and thinking levels.In addition,this model effectively reduces students’cognitive load,especially in terms of internal and external load.展开更多
To explore the potential utilization of Elaeagnus mollis,we conducted a comprehensive assessment of its phytochemical composition,antioxidant properties,cholinesterase inhibition,and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation acti...To explore the potential utilization of Elaeagnus mollis,we conducted a comprehensive assessment of its phytochemical composition,antioxidant properties,cholinesterase inhibition,and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation activity across different plant parts(branch wood,branch bark,and pericarp)using various solvents(water,methanol,ethanol,and n-hexane).Our findings revealed that water extracts displayed superior antioxidant activities in ABTS and RP assays,while methanol extracts exhibited better performance in DPPH and FRAP assays.Moreover,methanol extracts demonstrated the highest effectiveness against anti-HepG2 cell proliferation,whereas n-hexane extracts showed greater efficiency in cholinesterase inhibition.Notably,branch bark extracts exhibited the highest levels of phytochemical compounds,with both branch bark and pericarp extracts demonstrating significant effects in cholinesterase inhibition and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation.Correlation analysis indicated that phytochemical compounds were primarily responsible for the observed biological activities.Overall,extracts from the branch bark and pericarp of E.mollis showed promising potential for antioxidant and anticancer activities,suggesting their suitability for applications in the pharmaceutical industry as health-promoting products.展开更多
The potent antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles is primarily attributed to the release of silver ions,which disrupt cell membranes and inactivate essential enzymes through Ag−S bonding formation.[Objective]T...The potent antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles is primarily attributed to the release of silver ions,which disrupt cell membranes and inactivate essential enzymes through Ag−S bonding formation.[Objective]To explore silver ion immobilization to minimize silver release.[Methods]A macrocyclic cryptand with nitrogen bridgeheads was prepared and subsequently chelated with silver ions to produce Cage silver(I),which was then coordinated with different ratios of sulfonated chitosan(SCS)to form SCS/Cage Ag(I)complexes(SCA1,SCA2,and SCA3).The antioxidant activities of the complexes were assessed by reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays.The antibacterial activities of the complexes were evaluated based on the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)and minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBCs)against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Escherichia coli O157:H7 and the inhibition rate on biofilm formation.[Results]Cage silver(I)exhibited strong antibacterial activity,with the MIC of 0.015 mg/mL and MBC of 0.031 mg/mL against S.aureus ATCC 6538,and the MIC of 0.031 mg/mL and MBC of 0.120 mg/mL against E.coli O157:H7.Significant antioxidant properties of Cage silver(I)were also observed,as demonstrated by the DPPH free radical scavenging rates of 42.2%and 53.1%at 326 nm and 517 nm,respectively.Cage silver(I)exhibited the highest antibacterial and antioxidant activities,followed by SCA1,SCA2,SCA3,and SCS,because the content of silver ions in Cage silver(I)was 10-fold higher than that in SCA1.The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of SCA1 were better than those of Cage silver(I),which further indicated that the sulfonic groups of SCS may intensely coordinate with silver ions to exert synergistic effects.[Conclusion]Combining the merits of silver ions and SCS improves the bioavailability of the agent at microbicidal concentrations,minimizes the accumulation in the environment,and reduces treatment costs.The method developed herein offers a sustainable approach to enhance microbial control while minimizing the impact on the environment.展开更多
Background:This study investigated the phenolic profile,antioxidant capacity,antibacterial effect,and antihemolytic activity of nettle leaves from two understudied Algerian species,Urtica pilulifera and Urtica urens.M...Background:This study investigated the phenolic profile,antioxidant capacity,antibacterial effect,and antihemolytic activity of nettle leaves from two understudied Algerian species,Urtica pilulifera and Urtica urens.Methods:Urtica pilulifera and Urtica urens leaves extracts were prepared by maceration using methanol and distilled water respectively.Their phytochemical analysis(total phenolic content,flavonoids,hydrolysable and condensed tannins)was determined.The chemical profle of these extracts was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection tandem mass spectrometry.Antioxidant activity(using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging method),antibacterial activity(using disk diffusion method),and antihemolytic activity were carried out.Results:Results reveal high levels of flavonoids,tannins,alkaloids,and terpenoids.Several classes of compounds were identified in the extracts.Phenolic acid and other acids and their derivatives and flavonoids were detected in the extracts,with 4-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid and 5-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid being the main constituents in both extracts.Caffeic acid was also the main constituent present only in U.urens extract.For antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract of U.pilulifera and the aqueous extract of U.urens,the percentage inhibition value(82.76%and 59.06%)and the half-maximum inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))value(302 and 423μg/mL),respectively,were obtained.Antibacterial activity of nettle extracts(10 mg/mL)demonstrated the sensitivity of pathogenic strain susceptibility.The strongest antibacterial effect on tested strains was found in the aqueous extract of U.urens against Staphylococcus aureus(21±0.41 mm)compared to the methanolic extract of U.pilulifera(16±0.40 mm).The antihemolytic activity in the methanolic and aqueous extracts was 76.26%and 60.67%,respectively.The methanolic extract exhibited exceptional antihemolytic effect,with an IC_(50)value of 327μg/mL,whereas the aqueous extract had an IC_(50)value of 412μg/mL.Conclusions:The study confirms the presence of bioactive substances in the nettle species,including flavonoids and tannins,which possess antioxidant,antibacterial,and antihemolytic properties,and can be processed into food and pharmaceutical products.展开更多
From the ethyl acetate extract of the medicinal plant Graptophyllum glandulosum Turrill, five known compounds: Lupeol (1), Oleanolic acid (2), Chrysoeriol (3), N-methyl-isonicotinamide (4) and β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-g...From the ethyl acetate extract of the medicinal plant Graptophyllum glandulosum Turrill, five known compounds: Lupeol (1), Oleanolic acid (2), Chrysoeriol (3), N-methyl-isonicotinamide (4) and β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5) were isolated. In addition, oxidation reactions carried out on lupeol (1) yielded two semi-synthetic compounds, including a previously unreported: (20R)-formyloxy-29-nor-lupan-3-one (1b) and one other well-known Lupenone (1a). The structures of natural and semi-synthetic compounds were determined by analysis of 1D-(1H, 13C), 2D-(COSY, HSQC and HMBC) NMR data in conjunction with mass spectrometry (TOFESIMS and HR-TOFESIMS) and by comparison with the reported data. The evaluation of antimicrobial activities of substrate (1) as well as semi-synthetic derivatives (1a and 1b) using broth microdilution method showed that compound 1b was the most active (16 ≤ MIC ≤ 32 μg/mL) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans compared to the starting material 1 (16 ≤ MIC ≤ 64 μg/mL) and derivative 1a (32 ≤ MIC ≤ 64 μg/mL).展开更多
Seven previously unreported sesquiterpenes including three rare 5/5/6-fused tricyclic gymnomitrane-type sesquiterpenes(1-3),an ent-longipinane-type sesquiterpene(4),a cuparane-type sesquiterpene(5),and two chamigrane-...Seven previously unreported sesquiterpenes including three rare 5/5/6-fused tricyclic gymnomitrane-type sesquiterpenes(1-3),an ent-longipinane-type sesquiterpene(4),a cuparane-type sesquiterpene(5),and two chamigrane-type sesquiterpenes(6 and 7),along with a known chamigrane-type sesquiterpene xylariterpenoid C(8)were isolated from the hydrothermal vent sediment derived fungus Penicillium sp.JWM79-5-1.Their structures were identified on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR,in conjunction with Mosher’s method,X-ray crystallography,and electronic circular dichroism(ECD).The antithrombotic activity of compounds 1-6 and 8 was evaluated in arachidonic acid(AA)-induced zebrafish thrombosis model in vivo.The results revealed compound 1 with potent antithrombotic activity in a concentration-dependent manner.Further,the pro-angi-ogenic activities of compounds 1-6 and 8 were evaluated in a transgenic zebrafish model that expresses vegfr2,the receptor for the angiogenic factor VEGF,tagged with the green fluorescence protein(vegfr2-GFP)through detecting the length of both intersegmental vessels(ISVs)and subintestinal veins(SIVs).The results revealed that compound 1 exhibited a potent antithrombotic activity while 3 revealed a potent pro-angiogenic activity.These findings strongly support drug development of these compounds in cardiovascular disease treatment.展开更多
Fructus Ligustri Lucidi(FLL)refers to the dried mature fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,a species from the Oleaceae family,widely distributed across East Asia and India.This study aimed to optimize the extraction proce...Fructus Ligustri Lucidi(FLL)refers to the dried mature fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,a species from the Oleaceae family,widely distributed across East Asia and India.This study aimed to optimize the extraction process for Fructus Ligustri Lucidi essential oil(FLLO)to develop an efficient and practical extraction method.Additionally,the chemical composition of FLLO was analyzed,and its antioxidant,antimicrobial,and cytotoxic activities were evaluated.FLLO was extracted using supercritical CO_(2) extraction,and response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction parameters:pressure of 16 MPa,temperature of 40℃,and extraction time of 40 min.The main components of the essential oil were identified through GC-MS analysis.Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays,demonstrating that FLLO exhibited strong antioxidant properties,with a DPPH radical scavenging rate exceeding 80%.In antimicrobial tests,FLLO exhibited significant inhibitory effects on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at concentrations greater than 25 mg/mL.Additionally,cytotoxicity assays revealed that FLLO enhanced the proliferation of LO2 cells.In conclusion,FLLO,extracted using supercritical CO_(2),demonstrates excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties,as well as favorable cell safety,supporting its potential for further development and application of Ligustrum lucidum.展开更多
Black wolfberry(Lycium ruthenicum)is enriched in phytochemical metabolites which can benefit human health.However,few studies have examined the effects of different fruit drying methods on its polyphenol content,antio...Black wolfberry(Lycium ruthenicum)is enriched in phytochemical metabolites which can benefit human health.However,few studies have examined the effects of different fruit drying methods on its polyphenol content,antioxidant activity,and anti-inflammatory activity.In addition,whether and how consuming dried black wolfberry affects gut microbiota has not been reported.This study assessed the phytochemical profile and bioactivities of black wolfberry dried through different methods,and subsequently characterized changes in human fecal microbiota associated with freeze-dried black wolfberry in vitro.The results showed that freeze-dried samples retained higher total phenolics((49.68±1.62)mg GAE/g DM),tannins((38.64±1.35)mg GAE/g DM),and proanthocyanidins((3.35±0.30)mg/g DM)compared to sun drying or hot air drying(P<0.05),and exhibited higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.In human fecal inoculum bioreactor fermentations,freeze-dried black wolfberry was associated with increased species richness andα-diversity.At the genus level,fermentations treated with black wolfberry had a higher abundance of lactic acid bacteria including Lactococcus,Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,Pediococcus,and Weissella,as well as butyrate-producing bacteria compared to the untreated samples,suggesting enrichment for taxa associated with a healthy gut microbiome.In addition,the black wolfberry treatment group had higher levels of short-chain fatty acids,which were consistent with PICRUSt2 inference.This study defines an optimal method for black wolfberry preservation to retain the beneficial compounds,and provides a foundation for further exploration of its potential benefits for human gut microbiota.展开更多
In this study,naringin was encapsulated in microspheres and its simulated digestive behavior in vitro was examined.Then naringin microspheres was added in yogurt to investigate the rheology and antioxidant activities....In this study,naringin was encapsulated in microspheres and its simulated digestive behavior in vitro was examined.Then naringin microspheres was added in yogurt to investigate the rheology and antioxidant activities.The results indicated that encapsulating naringin in microspheres delayed its digestion in the stomach,allowing more release in the intestinal part.All kinds of yogurt were solid-like in nature and the addition of microspheres increased the elastic modulus and viscosity.The naringin and microspheres incorporation enhanced the total phenolic content of the yogurt to 6.7 and 8.8 mg of gallic acid equivalent/mL,respectively.All kinds of yogurt demonstrated more than 80%scavenging ability for hydroxyl radicals at 20μL whey/mL.The addition of microspheres improved the DPPH radical scavenging ability of yogurt.This study provides a new idea for the application of polyphenols in food and the development of functional yogurt.展开更多
In this study,hydrophobically modified phytoglycogen and hydrolyzed zein were utilized to develop biodegradable and redispersible nanocomplexes for encapsulation of various bioactive phytochemicals,including eugenol,t...In this study,hydrophobically modified phytoglycogen and hydrolyzed zein were utilized to develop biodegradable and redispersible nanocomplexes for encapsulation of various bioactive phytochemicals,including eugenol,thymol,carvacrol,trans-cinnamaldehyde,and their mixtures.Comprehensive physicochemical and colloidal characterizations of these nanocomplexes were performed using dynamic light scattering,and Fourier transform infrared and atomic force microscopy,which evaluated their colloidal stability and redispersibility after freeze-drying.In addition,the antioxidant capacities and antimicrobial activities of these various nanoparticles were investigated methodically.The results revealed that the phytochemical-encapsulated nanocomplexes exhibited a particle size ranging from 60 to 70 nm,display-ing a uniform distribution.Additionally,these nanocomplexes demonstrated sustained morphological and colloidal stability over 30-day storage,and after freeze-drying and subsequent redispersion processing.Furthermore,significant improvements in antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in the aqueous phase were observed.These redispersible nanocomplexes from phytoglycogen and zein hold the promising potential to address the limitations and offer practical solutions for expanding their applications in the pharmaceutical and food fields.展开更多
Plant-derived natural products have long been a vital source for developing therapeutic drugs.Wedelolactone(WDL),a coumestan isolated from Eclipta prostrata,Wedelia calendulacea,Wedelia chinensis,and Sphagneticola tri...Plant-derived natural products have long been a vital source for developing therapeutic drugs.Wedelolactone(WDL),a coumestan isolated from Eclipta prostrata,Wedelia calendulacea,Wedelia chinensis,and Sphagneticola trilobata,demonstrates a broad spectrum of therapeutic potential,including anticancer,anti-inflammatory,anti-obesity,anti-myotoxic,antimicrobial,anti-diabetic,and tissue-protective activities.This review synthesizes information on the isolation,total synthesis,pharmacological activity,underlying mechanisms,and pharmacokinetic properties of WDL.Additionally,it offers insights into potential clinical applications and future drug discovery avenues utilizing WDL or its derivatives,either independently or in combination with other pharmaceuticals.展开更多
Peganum harmala L.(P.harmala)is a significant economic and medicinal plant.The seeds of P.harmala have been extensively utilized in traditional Chinese medicine,Uighur medicine,and Mongolian medicine,as documented in ...Peganum harmala L.(P.harmala)is a significant economic and medicinal plant.The seeds of P.harmala have been extensively utilized in traditional Chinese medicine,Uighur medicine,and Mongolian medicine,as documented in the Drug Standard of the Ministry of Health of China.Twelve novel tryptamine-derived alkaloids(1−12)and eight known compounds(13−20)were isolated from P.harmala seeds.Compounds 1 and 2 represent the first reported instances of tryptamine-derived heteromers,comprising tryptamine and aniline fragments with previously undocumented C-3−N-1′linkage and C-3−C-4′connection,respectively.Compounds 3−5 were identified as indole-quinazoline heteromers,exhibiting a novel C-3 and NH-1′linkage between indole and quinazoline-derived fragments.Compound 6 demonstrates the dimerization pattern of C-C linked tryptamine-quinazoline dimer.Compound 8 represents a tryptamine-derived heterodimer with a distinctive carbon skeleton,featuring an unusual spiro-tricyclic ring(7)and conventional bicyclic tryptamine.Compounds 9−11 constitute novel 6/5/5/5 spiro-tetracyclic tryptamine-derived alkaloids presenting a unique ring system of tryptamine-spiro-pyrrolizine.Compounds 1−3 and 6−11 were identified as racemates.Compounds 2,7,9,10,and 12 were confirmed via X-ray crystallographic analysis.All isolated compounds(1−20)exhibited varying degrees of antiviral efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus(RSV).Notably,the anti-RSV activity of compound 12(IC505.01±0.14μmol·L^(−1))surpassed that of the positive control(ribavirin,IC506.23±0.95μmol·L^(−1)),as validated through plaque reduction and immunofluorescence assays.The identification of anti-RSV compounds from P.harmala seeds may enhance the development and application of this plant in antiviral therapeutic products.展开更多
As an endemic and critically-endangered wildlife species in China,the giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)has attracted widespread attention from all sectors of society regarding its survival status.In this study,the i...As an endemic and critically-endangered wildlife species in China,the giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)has attracted widespread attention from all sectors of society regarding its survival status.In this study,the impact of earthquake-dameged areas on the distribution and activities of giant pandas in the Qionglai Mountains was analyzed by comparing data from two giant panda surveys conducted in the Qionglai Mountains of Sichuan Province and combining with remote sensing(RS)data from relevant regions.The results indicated that there was only a small area of overlap between the earthquake-damaged areas and giant panda activity trace points.The main earthquake-damaged areas were distributed at elevations(3,500-4,100 m)higher than the primary elevation range of giant panda distribution(1,700-3,100 m).In the Wolong Nature Reserve,no major earthquake damage was observed in the central section east of Provincial Highway 303 with relatively more giant panda activities.Within the Caopo Nature Reserve,the earthquake-damaged areas were mostly concentrated in the northeastern corner and along the border with the Wolong Nature Reserve.However,no large-scale giant panda activity traces were detected in these areas during either of the two surveys.Overall,the range of giant panda activities showed no signs of decline.Therefore,the impact of earthquakes on giant panda activities remains limited.展开更多
The anti-inflammatory phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Illicium dunnianum(I.dunnianum)resulted in the isolation of five pairs of new lignans(1–5),and 7 known analogs(6–12).The separation of enantiomer mi...The anti-inflammatory phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Illicium dunnianum(I.dunnianum)resulted in the isolation of five pairs of new lignans(1–5),and 7 known analogs(6–12).The separation of enantiomer mixtures 1–5 to 1a/1b–5a/5b was achieved using a chiral column with acetonitrile−water mixtures as eluents.The planar structures of 1–2 were previously undescribed,and the chiral separation and absolute configurations of 3–5 were reported for the first time.Their structures were determined through comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis[nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),high-resolution electrospray ionization mass(HR-ESI-MS),infrared(IR),and ultraviolet(UV)]and quantum chemistry calculations(ECD).The new isolates were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory effect on NO in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cells.Compounds 1a,3a,3b,and 5a demonstrated partial inhibition of NO production in a concentration-dependent manner.Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)assays revealed that 1a down-regulated the messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)levels of tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),COX-2,and iNOS and the protein expressions of COX-2 and iNOS.This research provides guidance and evidence for the further development and utilization of I.dunnianum.展开更多
Seven novel acylphloroglucinol-sesquiterpenoid adducts,designated as dryatraols J-P(1-7),were isolated from the rhizomes of Dryopteris atrata(Wall.ex Kunze)Ching.The structures,including absolute configurations,were e...Seven novel acylphloroglucinol-sesquiterpenoid adducts,designated as dryatraols J-P(1-7),were isolated from the rhizomes of Dryopteris atrata(Wall.ex Kunze)Ching.The structures,including absolute configurations,were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic data,calculated 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Diastereotopic Probability Assignment Plus(13C NMR-DP4+)probability analysis,and ECD calculations.These structures represent a rare subclass of carbon skeleton of acylphloroglucinol-sesquiterpenoid adducts with a furan ring connecting the acylphloroglucinol and sesquiterpenoid moieties.Notably,compounds 1-6 are the first reported examples of acylphloroglucinol-sesquiterpenoid adducts with dimeric acylphloroglucinol incorporated into the aristolane-or rulepidanol-type sesquiterpene,while compound 7 features a hydroxylated monomeric acylphloroglucinol motif.A preliminary evaluation of their antiviral activities revealed that compounds 1-6 exhibited more potent activities against respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)with IC50 values ranging from 0.75 to 3.12μmol·L^(-1) compared to the positive control(ribavirin).展开更多
Lysimachia capillipes(L.capillipes)Hemsl,belong to primulaceae pearl vegetables genus,is a treasure in traditional Chinese medicine.It has the effects of invigorating qi and tonifying deficiency,dispelling wind and ac...Lysimachia capillipes(L.capillipes)Hemsl,belong to primulaceae pearl vegetables genus,is a treasure in traditional Chinese medicine.It has the effects of invigorating qi and tonifying deficiency,dispelling wind and activating blood,awakening the brain,relieving cough and regulating menstruation.With the development of modern medicine,the active components and therapeutic mechanisms of L.capillipes Hemsl have been gradually revealed.The present report systematically reviews the chemical composition and biological activities of L.capillipes Hemsl,to provide scientific basis and reference for detailed research on L.capillipes Hemsl.展开更多
Rarer dementias are associated with atypical symptoms and younger onset,which result in a higher burden of care.We provide a review of the global literature on longitudinal decline in activities of daily living(ADLs)i...Rarer dementias are associated with atypical symptoms and younger onset,which result in a higher burden of care.We provide a review of the global literature on longitudinal decline in activities of daily living(ADLs)in dementias that account for less than 10%of dementia diagnoses.Published studies were identified through searches conducted in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online(MEDLINE),Excerpta Medica Database(Embase),Excerpta Medica Care(Emcare),PsycINFO,and Cumulative Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL).The search criteria included terms related to‘rarer dementias’,‘activities of daily living’and‘longitudinal or cross-sectional studies’following a predefined protocol registered.Studies were screened,and those that met the criteria were citation searched.Quality assessments were performed,and relevant data were extracted.20 articles were selected,of which 19 focused on dementias within the frontotemporal dementia/primary progressive aphasia spectrum,while one addressed posterior cortical atrophy.Four studies were cross-sectional and 16 studies were longitudinal,with a median duration of 2.2 years.The Disability Assessment for Dementia was used to measure decline in 8 of the 20 studies.The varied sequences of ADL decline reported in the literature reflect variation in diagnostic specificity between studies and within-syndrome heterogeneity.Most studies used Alzheimer’s disease staging scales to measure decline,which cannot capture variant-specific symptoms.To enhance care provision in dementia,ADL scales could be deployed postdiagnosis to aid treatment and planning.This necessitates staging scales that are variant-specific and span the disease course from diagnosis to end of life.展开更多
Situated in the southwestern Pacific,the Tonga-Kermadec subduction zone is separated into two parts by the Louisvlle Ridge Seamount Chain(LRSC),i.e.,the Tanga subduction zone and the Kermadec subduction zone.Known for...Situated in the southwestern Pacific,the Tonga-Kermadec subduction zone is separated into two parts by the Louisvlle Ridge Seamount Chain(LRSC),i.e.,the Tanga subduction zone and the Kermadec subduction zone.Known for its vigorous volcanic activity,frequent large earthquakes,rapid plate subduction,and distinctive subducting plate morphology,this subduction zone provides valuable insights into its structures,dynamics,and associated geohazards.This study compiles geological and geophysical datasets in this region,including seismicity,focal mechanisms,seismic reflection and refraction profiles,and seismic tomography,to understand the relationship between lithospheric structures of the subduction system and associated seismicity-volcanic activities.Our analysis suggests that variations in overlying sediment thickness,subduction rate,and subduction angle significantly influence the lithospheric deformation processes within the Tonga-Kermadec subduction system.Furthermore,these factors contribute to the notable differences in seismicity and volcanism observed between the Tonga subduction zone and the Kermadec subduction zone.This study enhances our understanding of plate tectonics by providing insights into the interplay between subduction dynamics and lithospheric deformation,which are crucial for analyzing geological and geophysical behaviors in similar subduction environments.展开更多
Although the increase in the frequency of mass wasting events in the Sedongpu gully in recent years indicates that the Sedongpu gully has entered an intense mass wasting period,the current literature focuses only on i...Although the increase in the frequency of mass wasting events in the Sedongpu gully in recent years indicates that the Sedongpu gully has entered an intense mass wasting period,the current literature focuses only on ice‒rock avalanche events and lacks comprehensive knowledge of Sedongpu gully activity.To clarify the spatiotemporal distribution and scales of mass wasting events,we analysed multiple images from 1969 to present(including optical images and synthetic aperture radar(SAR)images)and topography data from 2013 to present.Since 1969,there have been at least 19 obvious mass wasting events that can be divided into 3 subpatterns:ice‒rock avalanches(IRAs,8 events),ice‒moraine avalanches(IMAs,2 events),and glacier debris flows(GDFs,9 events).Since 2017,the Sedongpu gully has entered the most active period,i.e.more than 68%of events occurred after 2017,and approximately 530 Mm^(3)and 185 Mm^(3)of materials were removed from mixtures of glacial and moraine(MGM)and glacial source areas(GSAs).Recent continuous warning states that the temperature of the Sedongpu gully area exceeded 0℃ from April to July 2012,and the 2017 Mw 6.4 Nyingchi earthquake was critical in the current intense erosion state.展开更多
基金023 Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education General Project:Research on an interdisciplinary teaching model to promote the development of computational thinking in the context of the new curriculum standards[Grant NO:Y202351596]Key Project of Zhejiang Provincial Education Science Planning:Research on an interdisciplinary teaching model to promote students’computational thinking from multiple analytical perspectives[Grant NO:2025SB103].
文摘This study constructs a reflective feedback model based on a pedagogical agent(PA)and explores its impact on students’problem-solving ability and cognitive load.A quasi-experimental design was used in the study,with 84 students from a middle school selected as the research subjects(44 in the experimental group and 40 in the control group).The experimental group used the reflective feedback model,while the control group used the factual feedback model.The results show that,compared with factual feedback,the reflective feedback model based on the pedagogical agent significantly improves students’problem-solving ability,especially at the action and thinking levels.In addition,this model effectively reduces students’cognitive load,especially in terms of internal and external load.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31600549).
文摘To explore the potential utilization of Elaeagnus mollis,we conducted a comprehensive assessment of its phytochemical composition,antioxidant properties,cholinesterase inhibition,and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation activity across different plant parts(branch wood,branch bark,and pericarp)using various solvents(water,methanol,ethanol,and n-hexane).Our findings revealed that water extracts displayed superior antioxidant activities in ABTS and RP assays,while methanol extracts exhibited better performance in DPPH and FRAP assays.Moreover,methanol extracts demonstrated the highest effectiveness against anti-HepG2 cell proliferation,whereas n-hexane extracts showed greater efficiency in cholinesterase inhibition.Notably,branch bark extracts exhibited the highest levels of phytochemical compounds,with both branch bark and pericarp extracts demonstrating significant effects in cholinesterase inhibition and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation.Correlation analysis indicated that phytochemical compounds were primarily responsible for the observed biological activities.Overall,extracts from the branch bark and pericarp of E.mollis showed promising potential for antioxidant and anticancer activities,suggesting their suitability for applications in the pharmaceutical industry as health-promoting products.
文摘The potent antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles is primarily attributed to the release of silver ions,which disrupt cell membranes and inactivate essential enzymes through Ag−S bonding formation.[Objective]To explore silver ion immobilization to minimize silver release.[Methods]A macrocyclic cryptand with nitrogen bridgeheads was prepared and subsequently chelated with silver ions to produce Cage silver(I),which was then coordinated with different ratios of sulfonated chitosan(SCS)to form SCS/Cage Ag(I)complexes(SCA1,SCA2,and SCA3).The antioxidant activities of the complexes were assessed by reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays.The antibacterial activities of the complexes were evaluated based on the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)and minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBCs)against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Escherichia coli O157:H7 and the inhibition rate on biofilm formation.[Results]Cage silver(I)exhibited strong antibacterial activity,with the MIC of 0.015 mg/mL and MBC of 0.031 mg/mL against S.aureus ATCC 6538,and the MIC of 0.031 mg/mL and MBC of 0.120 mg/mL against E.coli O157:H7.Significant antioxidant properties of Cage silver(I)were also observed,as demonstrated by the DPPH free radical scavenging rates of 42.2%and 53.1%at 326 nm and 517 nm,respectively.Cage silver(I)exhibited the highest antibacterial and antioxidant activities,followed by SCA1,SCA2,SCA3,and SCS,because the content of silver ions in Cage silver(I)was 10-fold higher than that in SCA1.The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of SCA1 were better than those of Cage silver(I),which further indicated that the sulfonic groups of SCS may intensely coordinate with silver ions to exert synergistic effects.[Conclusion]Combining the merits of silver ions and SCS improves the bioavailability of the agent at microbicidal concentrations,minimizes the accumulation in the environment,and reduces treatment costs.The method developed herein offers a sustainable approach to enhance microbial control while minimizing the impact on the environment.
基金Ministry of Science,Technological Development and Innovations of the Republic of Serbia,Grant/Award Number:451-03-137/2025-03/200133。
文摘Background:This study investigated the phenolic profile,antioxidant capacity,antibacterial effect,and antihemolytic activity of nettle leaves from two understudied Algerian species,Urtica pilulifera and Urtica urens.Methods:Urtica pilulifera and Urtica urens leaves extracts were prepared by maceration using methanol and distilled water respectively.Their phytochemical analysis(total phenolic content,flavonoids,hydrolysable and condensed tannins)was determined.The chemical profle of these extracts was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection tandem mass spectrometry.Antioxidant activity(using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging method),antibacterial activity(using disk diffusion method),and antihemolytic activity were carried out.Results:Results reveal high levels of flavonoids,tannins,alkaloids,and terpenoids.Several classes of compounds were identified in the extracts.Phenolic acid and other acids and their derivatives and flavonoids were detected in the extracts,with 4-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid and 5-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid being the main constituents in both extracts.Caffeic acid was also the main constituent present only in U.urens extract.For antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract of U.pilulifera and the aqueous extract of U.urens,the percentage inhibition value(82.76%and 59.06%)and the half-maximum inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))value(302 and 423μg/mL),respectively,were obtained.Antibacterial activity of nettle extracts(10 mg/mL)demonstrated the sensitivity of pathogenic strain susceptibility.The strongest antibacterial effect on tested strains was found in the aqueous extract of U.urens against Staphylococcus aureus(21±0.41 mm)compared to the methanolic extract of U.pilulifera(16±0.40 mm).The antihemolytic activity in the methanolic and aqueous extracts was 76.26%and 60.67%,respectively.The methanolic extract exhibited exceptional antihemolytic effect,with an IC_(50)value of 327μg/mL,whereas the aqueous extract had an IC_(50)value of 412μg/mL.Conclusions:The study confirms the presence of bioactive substances in the nettle species,including flavonoids and tannins,which possess antioxidant,antibacterial,and antihemolytic properties,and can be processed into food and pharmaceutical products.
文摘From the ethyl acetate extract of the medicinal plant Graptophyllum glandulosum Turrill, five known compounds: Lupeol (1), Oleanolic acid (2), Chrysoeriol (3), N-methyl-isonicotinamide (4) and β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5) were isolated. In addition, oxidation reactions carried out on lupeol (1) yielded two semi-synthetic compounds, including a previously unreported: (20R)-formyloxy-29-nor-lupan-3-one (1b) and one other well-known Lupenone (1a). The structures of natural and semi-synthetic compounds were determined by analysis of 1D-(1H, 13C), 2D-(COSY, HSQC and HMBC) NMR data in conjunction with mass spectrometry (TOFESIMS and HR-TOFESIMS) and by comparison with the reported data. The evaluation of antimicrobial activities of substrate (1) as well as semi-synthetic derivatives (1a and 1b) using broth microdilution method showed that compound 1b was the most active (16 ≤ MIC ≤ 32 μg/mL) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans compared to the starting material 1 (16 ≤ MIC ≤ 64 μg/mL) and derivative 1a (32 ≤ MIC ≤ 64 μg/mL).
基金supported by grants from Guangdong Provincial Key R&D Program(2023B1111050011)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Number 2022YFC2804101)to J.S.T.,Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515010432)+2 种基金Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2025A04J5239)to D.M.T.High-level Talents Special Program of Zhejiang(No.2022R52036)to B.W.Meanwhilesupported by The High Performance Public Computing Service Platform of Jinan University.
文摘Seven previously unreported sesquiterpenes including three rare 5/5/6-fused tricyclic gymnomitrane-type sesquiterpenes(1-3),an ent-longipinane-type sesquiterpene(4),a cuparane-type sesquiterpene(5),and two chamigrane-type sesquiterpenes(6 and 7),along with a known chamigrane-type sesquiterpene xylariterpenoid C(8)were isolated from the hydrothermal vent sediment derived fungus Penicillium sp.JWM79-5-1.Their structures were identified on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR,in conjunction with Mosher’s method,X-ray crystallography,and electronic circular dichroism(ECD).The antithrombotic activity of compounds 1-6 and 8 was evaluated in arachidonic acid(AA)-induced zebrafish thrombosis model in vivo.The results revealed compound 1 with potent antithrombotic activity in a concentration-dependent manner.Further,the pro-angi-ogenic activities of compounds 1-6 and 8 were evaluated in a transgenic zebrafish model that expresses vegfr2,the receptor for the angiogenic factor VEGF,tagged with the green fluorescence protein(vegfr2-GFP)through detecting the length of both intersegmental vessels(ISVs)and subintestinal veins(SIVs).The results revealed that compound 1 exhibited a potent antithrombotic activity while 3 revealed a potent pro-angiogenic activity.These findings strongly support drug development of these compounds in cardiovascular disease treatment.
文摘Fructus Ligustri Lucidi(FLL)refers to the dried mature fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,a species from the Oleaceae family,widely distributed across East Asia and India.This study aimed to optimize the extraction process for Fructus Ligustri Lucidi essential oil(FLLO)to develop an efficient and practical extraction method.Additionally,the chemical composition of FLLO was analyzed,and its antioxidant,antimicrobial,and cytotoxic activities were evaluated.FLLO was extracted using supercritical CO_(2) extraction,and response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction parameters:pressure of 16 MPa,temperature of 40℃,and extraction time of 40 min.The main components of the essential oil were identified through GC-MS analysis.Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays,demonstrating that FLLO exhibited strong antioxidant properties,with a DPPH radical scavenging rate exceeding 80%.In antimicrobial tests,FLLO exhibited significant inhibitory effects on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at concentrations greater than 25 mg/mL.Additionally,cytotoxicity assays revealed that FLLO enhanced the proliferation of LO2 cells.In conclusion,FLLO,extracted using supercritical CO_(2),demonstrates excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties,as well as favorable cell safety,supporting its potential for further development and application of Ligustrum lucidum.
基金supported by Key Research and Development Program in Xizang Autonomous Region(XZ202301ZY0018N)Xizang Autonomous Region financial special project(XZCZ-SS-2024)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province(22JR5RA463)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province(2023A0505050104)。
文摘Black wolfberry(Lycium ruthenicum)is enriched in phytochemical metabolites which can benefit human health.However,few studies have examined the effects of different fruit drying methods on its polyphenol content,antioxidant activity,and anti-inflammatory activity.In addition,whether and how consuming dried black wolfberry affects gut microbiota has not been reported.This study assessed the phytochemical profile and bioactivities of black wolfberry dried through different methods,and subsequently characterized changes in human fecal microbiota associated with freeze-dried black wolfberry in vitro.The results showed that freeze-dried samples retained higher total phenolics((49.68±1.62)mg GAE/g DM),tannins((38.64±1.35)mg GAE/g DM),and proanthocyanidins((3.35±0.30)mg/g DM)compared to sun drying or hot air drying(P<0.05),and exhibited higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.In human fecal inoculum bioreactor fermentations,freeze-dried black wolfberry was associated with increased species richness andα-diversity.At the genus level,fermentations treated with black wolfberry had a higher abundance of lactic acid bacteria including Lactococcus,Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,Pediococcus,and Weissella,as well as butyrate-producing bacteria compared to the untreated samples,suggesting enrichment for taxa associated with a healthy gut microbiome.In addition,the black wolfberry treatment group had higher levels of short-chain fatty acids,which were consistent with PICRUSt2 inference.This study defines an optimal method for black wolfberry preservation to retain the beneficial compounds,and provides a foundation for further exploration of its potential benefits for human gut microbiota.
基金funded by the People’s Livelihood Plan Project of Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province(2021JH2/10300069,2019-ZD-0845)the Department of Education of Liaoning Province(Natural Science,Strategic Industrialization Project,LJ212410163061)the Liaoning Province College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(S202410163077).
文摘In this study,naringin was encapsulated in microspheres and its simulated digestive behavior in vitro was examined.Then naringin microspheres was added in yogurt to investigate the rheology and antioxidant activities.The results indicated that encapsulating naringin in microspheres delayed its digestion in the stomach,allowing more release in the intestinal part.All kinds of yogurt were solid-like in nature and the addition of microspheres increased the elastic modulus and viscosity.The naringin and microspheres incorporation enhanced the total phenolic content of the yogurt to 6.7 and 8.8 mg of gallic acid equivalent/mL,respectively.All kinds of yogurt demonstrated more than 80%scavenging ability for hydroxyl radicals at 20μL whey/mL.The addition of microspheres improved the DPPH radical scavenging ability of yogurt.This study provides a new idea for the application of polyphenols in food and the development of functional yogurt.
基金supported by the U.S.Department of Agriculture(USDA),National Institute of Food and Agriculture,Award No.2022-67018-37143.
文摘In this study,hydrophobically modified phytoglycogen and hydrolyzed zein were utilized to develop biodegradable and redispersible nanocomplexes for encapsulation of various bioactive phytochemicals,including eugenol,thymol,carvacrol,trans-cinnamaldehyde,and their mixtures.Comprehensive physicochemical and colloidal characterizations of these nanocomplexes were performed using dynamic light scattering,and Fourier transform infrared and atomic force microscopy,which evaluated their colloidal stability and redispersibility after freeze-drying.In addition,the antioxidant capacities and antimicrobial activities of these various nanoparticles were investigated methodically.The results revealed that the phytochemical-encapsulated nanocomplexes exhibited a particle size ranging from 60 to 70 nm,display-ing a uniform distribution.Additionally,these nanocomplexes demonstrated sustained morphological and colloidal stability over 30-day storage,and after freeze-drying and subsequent redispersion processing.Furthermore,significant improvements in antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in the aqueous phase were observed.These redispersible nanocomplexes from phytoglycogen and zein hold the promising potential to address the limitations and offer practical solutions for expanding their applications in the pharmaceutical and food fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82322062)Jiangsu Province Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists (No.BK20211527)。
文摘Plant-derived natural products have long been a vital source for developing therapeutic drugs.Wedelolactone(WDL),a coumestan isolated from Eclipta prostrata,Wedelia calendulacea,Wedelia chinensis,and Sphagneticola trilobata,demonstrates a broad spectrum of therapeutic potential,including anticancer,anti-inflammatory,anti-obesity,anti-myotoxic,antimicrobial,anti-diabetic,and tissue-protective activities.This review synthesizes information on the isolation,total synthesis,pharmacological activity,underlying mechanisms,and pharmacokinetic properties of WDL.Additionally,it offers insights into potential clinical applications and future drug discovery avenues utilizing WDL or its derivatives,either independently or in combination with other pharmaceuticals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82104015,82003609,and 81973190)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2020A1515110415,2020A1515110453,and 2020B1515020033)+1 种基金the Characteristic Innovation Project of General Universities in Guangdong Province(No.2024KTSCX167)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou City(No.202201010485).
文摘Peganum harmala L.(P.harmala)is a significant economic and medicinal plant.The seeds of P.harmala have been extensively utilized in traditional Chinese medicine,Uighur medicine,and Mongolian medicine,as documented in the Drug Standard of the Ministry of Health of China.Twelve novel tryptamine-derived alkaloids(1−12)and eight known compounds(13−20)were isolated from P.harmala seeds.Compounds 1 and 2 represent the first reported instances of tryptamine-derived heteromers,comprising tryptamine and aniline fragments with previously undocumented C-3−N-1′linkage and C-3−C-4′connection,respectively.Compounds 3−5 were identified as indole-quinazoline heteromers,exhibiting a novel C-3 and NH-1′linkage between indole and quinazoline-derived fragments.Compound 6 demonstrates the dimerization pattern of C-C linked tryptamine-quinazoline dimer.Compound 8 represents a tryptamine-derived heterodimer with a distinctive carbon skeleton,featuring an unusual spiro-tricyclic ring(7)and conventional bicyclic tryptamine.Compounds 9−11 constitute novel 6/5/5/5 spiro-tetracyclic tryptamine-derived alkaloids presenting a unique ring system of tryptamine-spiro-pyrrolizine.Compounds 1−3 and 6−11 were identified as racemates.Compounds 2,7,9,10,and 12 were confirmed via X-ray crystallographic analysis.All isolated compounds(1−20)exhibited varying degrees of antiviral efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus(RSV).Notably,the anti-RSV activity of compound 12(IC505.01±0.14μmol·L^(−1))surpassed that of the positive control(ribavirin,IC506.23±0.95μmol·L^(−1)),as validated through plaque reduction and immunofluorescence assays.The identification of anti-RSV compounds from P.harmala seeds may enhance the development and application of this plant in antiviral therapeutic products.
文摘As an endemic and critically-endangered wildlife species in China,the giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)has attracted widespread attention from all sectors of society regarding its survival status.In this study,the impact of earthquake-dameged areas on the distribution and activities of giant pandas in the Qionglai Mountains was analyzed by comparing data from two giant panda surveys conducted in the Qionglai Mountains of Sichuan Province and combining with remote sensing(RS)data from relevant regions.The results indicated that there was only a small area of overlap between the earthquake-damaged areas and giant panda activity trace points.The main earthquake-damaged areas were distributed at elevations(3,500-4,100 m)higher than the primary elevation range of giant panda distribution(1,700-3,100 m).In the Wolong Nature Reserve,no major earthquake damage was observed in the central section east of Provincial Highway 303 with relatively more giant panda activities.Within the Caopo Nature Reserve,the earthquake-damaged areas were mostly concentrated in the northeastern corner and along the border with the Wolong Nature Reserve.However,no large-scale giant panda activity traces were detected in these areas during either of the two surveys.Overall,the range of giant panda activities showed no signs of decline.Therefore,the impact of earthquakes on giant panda activities remains limited.
基金supported by the Basic Research Program of the Natural Science Fund-Frontier Leading Technology Basic Research Special Project(No.SBK2023050003)by the University Science and Technology Innovation Team of Department of Education of Guizhou Province(No.QJ[2023]099).
文摘The anti-inflammatory phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Illicium dunnianum(I.dunnianum)resulted in the isolation of five pairs of new lignans(1–5),and 7 known analogs(6–12).The separation of enantiomer mixtures 1–5 to 1a/1b–5a/5b was achieved using a chiral column with acetonitrile−water mixtures as eluents.The planar structures of 1–2 were previously undescribed,and the chiral separation and absolute configurations of 3–5 were reported for the first time.Their structures were determined through comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis[nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),high-resolution electrospray ionization mass(HR-ESI-MS),infrared(IR),and ultraviolet(UV)]and quantum chemistry calculations(ECD).The new isolates were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory effect on NO in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cells.Compounds 1a,3a,3b,and 5a demonstrated partial inhibition of NO production in a concentration-dependent manner.Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)assays revealed that 1a down-regulated the messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)levels of tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),COX-2,and iNOS and the protein expressions of COX-2 and iNOS.This research provides guidance and evidence for the further development and utilization of I.dunnianum.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82173695,82003609 and 82003743)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2023A1515011896 and 2020A1515110453)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou City(No.2023A03J0566)the High-performance Public Computing Service Platform of Jinan University.
文摘Seven novel acylphloroglucinol-sesquiterpenoid adducts,designated as dryatraols J-P(1-7),were isolated from the rhizomes of Dryopteris atrata(Wall.ex Kunze)Ching.The structures,including absolute configurations,were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic data,calculated 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Diastereotopic Probability Assignment Plus(13C NMR-DP4+)probability analysis,and ECD calculations.These structures represent a rare subclass of carbon skeleton of acylphloroglucinol-sesquiterpenoid adducts with a furan ring connecting the acylphloroglucinol and sesquiterpenoid moieties.Notably,compounds 1-6 are the first reported examples of acylphloroglucinol-sesquiterpenoid adducts with dimeric acylphloroglucinol incorporated into the aristolane-or rulepidanol-type sesquiterpene,while compound 7 features a hydroxylated monomeric acylphloroglucinol motif.A preliminary evaluation of their antiviral activities revealed that compounds 1-6 exhibited more potent activities against respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)with IC50 values ranging from 0.75 to 3.12μmol·L^(-1) compared to the positive control(ribavirin).
基金supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(81973284)Scientific Research Foundation of the Education Department of Liaoning Province(LJKZ0944).
文摘Lysimachia capillipes(L.capillipes)Hemsl,belong to primulaceae pearl vegetables genus,is a treasure in traditional Chinese medicine.It has the effects of invigorating qi and tonifying deficiency,dispelling wind and activating blood,awakening the brain,relieving cough and regulating menstruation.With the development of modern medicine,the active components and therapeutic mechanisms of L.capillipes Hemsl have been gradually revealed.The present report systematically reviews the chemical composition and biological activities of L.capillipes Hemsl,to provide scientific basis and reference for detailed research on L.capillipes Hemsl.
基金supported by UKResearch and Innovation(MR/S03546X/1)National BrainAppeal,Economic and Social ResearchCouncil(ES/S010467/1)+4 种基金Wellcome Trust(221915/Z/20/Z),ESRC(ES/W006014/1)Royal National Institute for Deaf People-Dunhill Medical Trust Pauline Ashley(204841/Z/16/Z,PA23)London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre(221915/Z/20/Z)Bloomsbury and East London Doctoral Training Partnership(ES/P000592/1)National Institute for Health Research.
文摘Rarer dementias are associated with atypical symptoms and younger onset,which result in a higher burden of care.We provide a review of the global literature on longitudinal decline in activities of daily living(ADLs)in dementias that account for less than 10%of dementia diagnoses.Published studies were identified through searches conducted in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online(MEDLINE),Excerpta Medica Database(Embase),Excerpta Medica Care(Emcare),PsycINFO,and Cumulative Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL).The search criteria included terms related to‘rarer dementias’,‘activities of daily living’and‘longitudinal or cross-sectional studies’following a predefined protocol registered.Studies were screened,and those that met the criteria were citation searched.Quality assessments were performed,and relevant data were extracted.20 articles were selected,of which 19 focused on dementias within the frontotemporal dementia/primary progressive aphasia spectrum,while one addressed posterior cortical atrophy.Four studies were cross-sectional and 16 studies were longitudinal,with a median duration of 2.2 years.The Disability Assessment for Dementia was used to measure decline in 8 of the 20 studies.The varied sequences of ADL decline reported in the literature reflect variation in diagnostic specificity between studies and within-syndrome heterogeneity.Most studies used Alzheimer’s disease staging scales to measure decline,which cannot capture variant-specific symptoms.To enhance care provision in dementia,ADL scales could be deployed postdiagnosis to aid treatment and planning.This necessitates staging scales that are variant-specific and span the disease course from diagnosis to end of life.
基金supported by Special Projects in Universities’Key Fields of Guangdong Province(No.2023ZDZX3017)the 2022 Tertiary Education Scientific Research Project of Guangzhou Municipal Education Bureau(No.202234607)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2025A1515012983)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52371059 and 52101358).
文摘Situated in the southwestern Pacific,the Tonga-Kermadec subduction zone is separated into two parts by the Louisvlle Ridge Seamount Chain(LRSC),i.e.,the Tanga subduction zone and the Kermadec subduction zone.Known for its vigorous volcanic activity,frequent large earthquakes,rapid plate subduction,and distinctive subducting plate morphology,this subduction zone provides valuable insights into its structures,dynamics,and associated geohazards.This study compiles geological and geophysical datasets in this region,including seismicity,focal mechanisms,seismic reflection and refraction profiles,and seismic tomography,to understand the relationship between lithospheric structures of the subduction system and associated seismicity-volcanic activities.Our analysis suggests that variations in overlying sediment thickness,subduction rate,and subduction angle significantly influence the lithospheric deformation processes within the Tonga-Kermadec subduction system.Furthermore,these factors contribute to the notable differences in seismicity and volcanism observed between the Tonga subduction zone and the Kermadec subduction zone.This study enhances our understanding of plate tectonics by providing insights into the interplay between subduction dynamics and lithospheric deformation,which are crucial for analyzing geological and geophysical behaviors in similar subduction environments.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFC3000401 and 2023YFS0435)the Science and Technology Research Program of the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.IMHE-ZYTS-03)。
文摘Although the increase in the frequency of mass wasting events in the Sedongpu gully in recent years indicates that the Sedongpu gully has entered an intense mass wasting period,the current literature focuses only on ice‒rock avalanche events and lacks comprehensive knowledge of Sedongpu gully activity.To clarify the spatiotemporal distribution and scales of mass wasting events,we analysed multiple images from 1969 to present(including optical images and synthetic aperture radar(SAR)images)and topography data from 2013 to present.Since 1969,there have been at least 19 obvious mass wasting events that can be divided into 3 subpatterns:ice‒rock avalanches(IRAs,8 events),ice‒moraine avalanches(IMAs,2 events),and glacier debris flows(GDFs,9 events).Since 2017,the Sedongpu gully has entered the most active period,i.e.more than 68%of events occurred after 2017,and approximately 530 Mm^(3)and 185 Mm^(3)of materials were removed from mixtures of glacial and moraine(MGM)and glacial source areas(GSAs).Recent continuous warning states that the temperature of the Sedongpu gully area exceeded 0℃ from April to July 2012,and the 2017 Mw 6.4 Nyingchi earthquake was critical in the current intense erosion state.
