In recent years,the addition of probiotics into non-dairy beverages has gained popularity.Probiotics offer a wider range of options for individuals who are sensitive to dairy products.Incorporating probiotics into wid...In recent years,the addition of probiotics into non-dairy beverages has gained popularity.Probiotics offer a wider range of options for individuals who are sensitive to dairy products.Incorporating probiotics into widely consumed beverages like carbonated soft drinks poses a notable challenge due to the detrimental impact of acidic pH.Herein,results demonstrate that chitosan-coated alginate/gellan gum microcapsules can enhance the viability of probiotics within carbonated soft drinks.The probiotics,Lactobacillus casei,are encapsulated in microcapsules and exposed to Pepsi,Fanta Strawberry,Sprite,and A&W Root Beer under 4 and 25℃for 60 days and simulated gastrointestinal tract.Microcapsules greatly improve the viability of adding probiotics in different beverages under simulated gastrointestinal tract.The probiotics had a gradual release from microcapsules,reaching maximum release within initial 2 h of simulated intestinal phase.During 4℃storage compared to storage at 25℃,it was found that the number of surviving cells is more than the recommended minimum(10^(6)CFU/g)at the end of the storage.The pH and soluble solids content of beverages containing microcapsules also signify little change.This work shows that the chitosan-coated alginate/gellan microcapsules have the potential to be used as protective microcapsules for probiotics in carbonated soft drinks.展开更多
Probiotics can regulate the body’s immune system through both non-specific and specific immunity,thereby regulating host health.In terms of non-specific immune regulation,probiotics can activate the intrinsic immune ...Probiotics can regulate the body’s immune system through both non-specific and specific immunity,thereby regulating host health.In terms of non-specific immune regulation,probiotics can activate the intrinsic immune system,regulate the mucosal barrier function,and play an immune role by influencing the activity of intrinsic immune cells such as macrophages,dendritic cells and natural killer cells,as well as their differentiation and maturation;in terms of specific immune regulation,probiotics play a role in regulating the immunoglobulin level and the maturation of B cells.Probiotics can also regulate T-cell differentiation according to the condition of the body,thus regulating specific immunity.Many studies have focused on the role of probiotics in metabolism and nutrition,and the mechanisms involved in the immunomodulatory role of probiotics have only been partially described.This review summarises the role of common probiotics such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in immunomodulation as well as their mechanisms,describing the currently known mechanisms of immunomodulation by probiotics in improving the host immune system.A deeper understanding of probiotics and their specific mechanisms of action will facilitate the use of probiotics for immunomodulation in clinical medicine,functional foods,and other areas.This will also contribute to the development and research of engineered probiotics,next-generation probiotics,and other new functional probiotics with immunomodulatory effects.展开更多
The interplay between gut microbiota and host health has attracted significant interest in the animal science community.Maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis by supplementing probiotics to treat clinical conditions l...The interplay between gut microbiota and host health has attracted significant interest in the animal science community.Maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis by supplementing probiotics to treat clinical conditions like calf diarrhea is an emerging area of research nowadays because of increased concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance(AMR)and drug residues in animal products.Probiotics reduce the incidence of calf diarrhea by increasing the gut microbiota diversity and richness with more commensal bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium that produce antimicrobial compounds,as well as modulating the immune response by increasing cytokines,Interleukin-2(IL-2),IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,and reducing tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),by increasing production of antibodies,especially immunoglobulin E(Ig E),also Ig G,differentiating naive Th lymphocytes(Tho)into Th1,hence stimulate innate immunity and prime the adaptive immune response.Specific probiotic strains of bacteria and yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)derived probiotics maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier.In this review,data are being organized to address the role of probiotics in treating calf diarrhea by modulating gut microbiota and stimulating an immune response against notorious pathogens,to present animal and veterinary scientists and nutritionists with a new concept to treat infectious diseases from the perspective of the gut microbiota,increasing animal health,performance,and welfare.In conclusion,health status and gut microbiome are strongly interlinked.Research data indicated a significant reduction in the incidence of diarrhea after probiotic administration.If interrelations between probiotics and existing gut microbiota are explored more quantitatively,novel antibiotic substitutes can emerge in the future.展开更多
Background:The topic of this review is the study of the gut microbiota(GM),and the use of probiotics,especially in humans,as a new frontier in the field of prevention and health in general.The beneficial effects and f...Background:The topic of this review is the study of the gut microbiota(GM),and the use of probiotics,especially in humans,as a new frontier in the field of prevention and health in general.The beneficial effects and functions performed by probiotics in the GM are increasingly at the centre of both scientific,medical,and pharmaceutical interest.It is now known that diet and probiotics can modify the GM,although in these situations there is a need for greater and more in-depth research regarding the methods and timing of treatment.However,the relationship between physical activity,GM,and probiotics is still largely unclear,as regards certain mechanisms between physical exercise and probiotics in humans.Discussion:In this study,we tried to demonstrate whether and how physical exercise was able to alter the composition of the microbiota and how probiotics can facilitate it.Therefore,alteration of the microbiota was considered in terms of both diversity and composition.Conclusions:The ones examined propose vastly different physical exercises,both in terms of timing and type of intervention itself,and the use of probiotics.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease is characterized by synucleinopathy-associated neurodegeneration.Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)has beneficial effects in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease indu...Parkinson’s disease is characterized by synucleinopathy-associated neurodegeneration.Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)has beneficial effects in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.However,the effect of GLP-1 on intrinsic synuclein malfunction remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism in SncaA53T transgenic mice and explored the underlying mechanisms.Our data showed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 inhibited dopaminergic neuronal death,reduced pathological aggregation ofα-synuclein,and decreased movement disorders in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Furthermore,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 downregulated lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation,reduced cerebral activation of microglia and astrocytes,and promoted cell survival via the GLP-1 receptor/PI3K/Akt pathway in the substantia nigra.Additionally,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 decreased serum levels of pro-inflammatory molecules including lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide binding protein,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6.Gut histopathology and western blotting further revealed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 increased the expression of gut integrity-related proteins and reduced lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation by reversing gut dysbiosis in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Our findings showed that the beneficial effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism traits in SncaA53T transgenic mice is mediated by microglial polarization and the reversal of dysbiosis.Collectively,our findings suggest that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Sepsis, a common acute and critical disease, leads to 11 million deaths annually worldwide. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are beneficial to the host and may benefit sepsis outcomes, but their e...BACKGROUND: Sepsis, a common acute and critical disease, leads to 11 million deaths annually worldwide. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are beneficial to the host and may benefit sepsis outcomes, but their effects are stil inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the overal eff ect of probiotics on the prognosis of patients with sepsis.DATA RESOURCES: We searched several sources for published/presented studies, including Pub Med, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and the US National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials Register(www.clinicaltrials.gov) updated through July 30, 2023, to identify all relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs) or observational studies that assessed the effectiveness of probiotics or synbiotics in patients with sepsis and reported mortality. We focused primarily on mortality during the study period and analyzed secondary outcomes, including 28-day mortality, in-intensive care unit(ICU) mortality and other outcomes.RESULTS: Data from 405 patients in five RCTs and 108 patients in one cohort study were included in the analysis. The overall quality of the studies was satisfactory, but clinical heterogeneity existed. All adult studies reported a tendency for probiotics to reduce the mortality of patients with sepsis, and most studies reported a decreasing trend in the incidence of infectious complications, length of ICU stay and duration of antibiotic use. There was only one RCT involving children.CONCLUSION: Probiotics show promise for improving the prognosis of patients with sepsis, including reducing mortality and the incidence of infectious complications, particularly in adult patients. Despite the limited number of studies, especially in children, these findings will be encouraging for clinical practice in the treatment of sepsis and suggest that gut microbiota-targeted therapy may improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis.展开更多
Probiotic supplementation enhances the abundance of gutassociated Rhodobacteraceae species,critical symbionts contributing to the health and physiological fitness of Litopenaeus vannamei.Understanding the role of Rhod...Probiotic supplementation enhances the abundance of gutassociated Rhodobacteraceae species,critical symbionts contributing to the health and physiological fitness of Litopenaeus vannamei.Understanding the role of Rhodobacteraceae in shaping the shrimp gut microbiota is essential for optimizing probiotic application.This study investigated whether probiotics benefit shrimp health and fitness via the recruitment of Rhodobacteraceae commensals in the gut.Probiotic supplementation significantly enhanced feed conversion efficiency,digestive enzyme activity,and immune responses,thereby promoting shrimp growth.Additionally,probiotics induced pronounced shifts in gut microbial composition,enriched gut Rhodobacteraceae abundance,and reduced community variability,leading to a more stable gut microbiome.Network analysis revealed that the removal of Rhodobacteraceae nodes disrupted gut microbial connectivity more rapidly than the removal of nonRhodobacteraceae nodes,indicating a disproportionate role of Rhodobacteraceae in maintaining network stability.Probiotic supplementation facilitated the migration of Rhodobacteraceae taxa from the aquatic environment to the shrimp gut while reinforcing deterministic selection in gut microbiota assembly.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that up-regulation of amino acid metabolism and NF-κB signaling pathways was positively correlated with Rhodobacteraceae abundance.These findings demonstrate that probiotic supplementation enriches key Rhodobacteraceae taxa,stabilizes gut microbial networks,and enhances host digestive and immune functions,ultimately improving shrimp growth performance.This study provides novel perspectives on the ecological and molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of probiotics on shrimp fitness.展开更多
Functional constipation(FC)in elderly individuals is a significant health issue that adversely affects their quality of life,with recent studies indicating a close relationship between this condition and gut microbiot...Functional constipation(FC)in elderly individuals is a significant health issue that adversely affects their quality of life,with recent studies indicating a close relationship between this condition and gut microbiota dysbiosis.This review aims to explore the role of the gut microbiota in FC in elderly individuals,analyze the mechanisms of the gut-brain axis,and evaluate the potential use of microecological agents,including probiotics and prebiotics,in modulating the gut microbiota and alleviating constipation symptoms.By integrating the latest research findings,this study seeks to provide new perspectives and intervention strategies for the management of FC in elderly individuals.展开更多
Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a progressive disease with high morbidity and mortality.Disturbed gut microbiota and toxin accumulation are the main pathologic features of CKD.Current treatments are limited to those tha...Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a progressive disease with high morbidity and mortality.Disturbed gut microbiota and toxin accumulation are the main pathologic features of CKD.Current treatments are limited to those that alleviate renal impairment in CKD patients,but few interventions are available that specifically target the regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota.In this context,researchers urgently need new approaches that can significantly improve survival time and quality of life in these patients.In this review,we outline the involvement of the gut-kidney axis in kidney injury through disturbances of gut microbiota and dysregulation of endogenous metabolites,as well as the prominent contribution of gut microbiota in the discovery of CKD that can be used to prevent,diagnose,and treat CKD.Next,we describe several major metabolites associated with the host-gut microbiota that arise from the synthesis of microbial nutrient transformations and subsequent interactions with the kidney.Then,we summarize the role and potential targets of a compromised gut barrier in CKD.Finally,we discuss research advances in the prevention and treatments of CKD through probiotics modulation of gut microbiota structure to reduce enterogenous toxins and their maintenance of gut barrier function.A growing body of research suggests that intervention through probiotics may be a new and promising therapeutic strategy for CKD.展开更多
Fermented corn starch has emerged as a promising functional food due to its triad of gut biotics,prebiotic,probiotic,and postbiotic properties,which present significant potential for the management of type 2 diabetes ...Fermented corn starch has emerged as a promising functional food due to its triad of gut biotics,prebiotic,probiotic,and postbiotic properties,which present significant potential for the management of type 2 diabetes through gut microbiota modulation.During fermentation,microbial activity alters the starch matrix,enhancing the production of bioactive compounds such as resistant starch,isomalto-oligosaccharides,and resistant dextrin,which improve insulin sensitivity,reduce inflammation,and support glycemic control.Additionally,fermented corn starch harbors beneficial microbial strains including Lactiplantibacillus fermentum,Bifidobacterium breve,and Saccharomyces cerevisiae,which reinforce gut barrier integrity,stimulate incretin secretion,and suppress systemic inflammation.Postbiotic metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids,exopolysaccharides,and bacteriocins further contribute to glucose homeostasis through immune modulation and gut hormone regulation.Despite its promise,the clinical translation of fermented corn starch is limited by safety concerns(e.g.,contamination with pathogens or mycotoxins),lack of standardized fermentation protocols,and a scarcity of targeted studies.This review synthesizes current evidence on the antidiabetic potential of fermented corn starch,advocating for its integration into precision nutrition approaches and supporting further research to address safety and standardization challenges in functional food development.展开更多
Microcystin-LR(MC-LR)is a highly toxic category of biotoxins that can damage eye development and retinal structure in zebrafish,while probiotics can largely benefit the function of the retina.Although they both act on...Microcystin-LR(MC-LR)is a highly toxic category of biotoxins that can damage eye development and retinal structure in zebrafish,while probiotics can largely benefit the function of the retina.Although they both act on the visual system,whether probiotics can alleviate the visual damage caused by MC-LR in fish and the underlying mechanisms remains unclear.In this study,we exposed adult zebrafish for 28 days at MC-LR concentrations of 0,2.20,and 22.00μg/L with or without the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus in the diet.MC-LR exposure alone resulted in structural damage to the retina and abnormal phototropic behavior,whereas L.rhamnosus could alleviate these damages.Biochemical analyses showed thatMCLR-induced abnormalities in apoptosis of ocular cells,retinal inflammatory responses,neurotransmission,and phototransduction were restored in the L.rhamnosus treatment group,indicating L.rhamnosus alleviated MC-LR-induced defects in the visual system and dysfunctions.This study underlines the defensive role of probiotics in protecting the host from environmental pollutants,which may provide guidance for the application of probiotics in aquaculture.展开更多
Intestinal drug-resistant pathogens,e.g.,Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica serovar Typhimurium(S.Tm)and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli(E.coli),frequently cause life-threatening infectious enteritis.Probiotic-based...Intestinal drug-resistant pathogens,e.g.,Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica serovar Typhimurium(S.Tm)and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli(E.coli),frequently cause life-threatening infectious enteritis.Probiotic-based therapy is a promising way to eliminate drug-resistant pathogens for treatment of infectious enteritis,but its colonizing and therapeutic efficacy after oral administration are limited.Here,we developed a facile therapeutic agent to treat infectious enteritis by co-assembly of the peptide nanodrug melittin-loaded MSN grafted by polysaccharide-binding protein(MMPB)with the famous probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum(Lac)and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis(Bif).The nanodrug was composed of the antimicrobial peptide melittin and mesoporous silica nanoparticles exposing the artificial polysaccharide-binding protein.Owing to presence of the artificial protein on the MMPB surface,the nanodrug strongly bound and cross-linked the probiotic cells,forming the Lac+Bif+MMPB co-assembly.During co-incubation with the kanamycin-resistant E.coli strain(Ecka),the co-assembly strongly reduced the viability of Ecka,leading to the increase in the ratio of probiotic to Ecka from 1.6 to 9.2.After oral administration of the co-assembly to themice pre-colonized by Ecka,Lac+Bif+MMPB almost eliminated the kanamycin-resistant gene in the intestine,and led to 2-3-fold higher levels of the probiotic cells than the nanodrug MMPB or the combined probiotics Lac+Bif.More importantly,in the mice suffering from enteritis caused by drug-resistant S.Tm,the co-assembly remarkably recovered the mouse body weight,reduced intestine colonization of S.Tm cells,and decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in both serum and colons.This study realized the synthetic biology technique-mediated abiotic/biotic co-assembly for efficient treating infectious enteritis induced by drug-resistant pathogens.展开更多
Restoring the balance of gut microbiota has emerged as a critical strategy in treating intestinal disorders,with probiotics playing a pivotal role in maintaining bacterial equilibrium.Surgical preparations,trauma,and ...Restoring the balance of gut microbiota has emerged as a critical strategy in treating intestinal disorders,with probiotics playing a pivotal role in maintaining bacterial equilibrium.Surgical preparations,trauma,and digestive tract reconstruction associated with intestinal surgeries often disrupt the intestinal flora,prompting interest in the potential role of probiotics in postoperative recovery.Lan et al conducted a prospective randomized study on 60 patients with acute appendicitis,revealing that postoperative administration of Bacillus licheniformis capsules facilitated early resolution of inflammation and restoration of gastrointestinal motility,offering a novel therapeutic avenue for accelerated postoperative recovery.This editorial delves into the effects of perioperative probiotic supplementation on physical and intestinal recovery following surgery.Within the framework of enhanced recovery after surgery,the exploration of new probiotic supplementation strategies to mitigate surgical complications and reshape gut microbiota is particularly intriguing.展开更多
A systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation on the effects of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mel...A systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation on the effects of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)based on data from randomized controlled trials(RCTs).We searched electronic databases including PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,and Web of Science to identify clinical trials published up to 31 March 2023.Data was pooled using a random-effects model if significant heterogeneity(I2>50%),otherwise use a fixed-effects model.Fifty-six trials that included 3317 patients were enrolled for analysis.Meta-analysis reported that probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation significantly reduced systolic blood pressure(SBP)(weighted mean difference(WMD):-3.57 mmHg,95% confidence interval(CI):-5.36,-1.78;P=0.000),diastolic blood pressure(DBP)(WMD:-2.05 mmHg,95%CI:-3.07,-1.04;P=0.000),triglycerides(TG)(WMD:-16.10 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.16,-12.05;P=0.000),total cholesterol(TC)(WMD:-14.00 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.46,-7.55;P=0.000),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)(WMD:-7.03 mg/dL,95%CI:-9.25,-4.81;P=0.000),fasting plasma glucose(FPG)(WMD:-16.57 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.39,-12.74;P=0.000),hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)(WMD:-0.44%,95%CI:-0.68,-0.20;P=0.000),insulin(standardized mean difference(SMD):-0.37,95%CI:-0.53,-0.21;P=0.000),homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)(WMD:-1.05,95%CI:-1.56,-0.54;P=0.000),C-reactive protein(CRP)(SMD:-0.35,95%CI:-0.57,-0.13;P=0.002),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)(SMD:-1.07,95%CI:-1.57,-0.56;P=0.000),interleukin-6(IL-6)(SMD:-0.37,95%CI:-0.61,-0.13;P=0.003)levels,they also increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)(WMD:3.70 mg/dL,95%CI:1.80,5.60;P=0.000)levels in T2DM patients,as compared to the placebo groups.This meta-analysis supports the use of probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation as an adjunctive therapy to improve blood pressure,glycemic control parameters,lipid profile and inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM,which are well-known cardiovascular risk factors.展开更多
[Objective]The study aimed to develop microecological preparations for poultry as potential substitutes for certain antibiotics.[Method]Acid-producing bacteria were isolated and purified from chicken cecal chyme,follo...[Objective]The study aimed to develop microecological preparations for poultry as potential substitutes for certain antibiotics.[Method]Acid-producing bacteria were isolated and purified from chicken cecal chyme,followed by evaluation of their antibacterial properties and molecular biological identification.Additionally,their in vitro tolerance and safety were experimentally assessed.[Result]A lactic acid bacterium with notable antibacterial properties was isolated and identified as Lactobacillus plantarum.This strain exhibited inhibitory effects against the pathogenic indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,with maximum inhibition zone diameters measuring 8.95 and 6.43 mm,respectively.In vitro tolerance tests demonstrated that this strain was capable of growth within a pH range of 4-8,tolerated bile salt concentrations between 0.10%and 0.30%,and adapted to simulated gastric and intestinal fluid environments.Safety test revealed that the strain exhibited no hemolytic activity and was deemed safe in mouse safety assessments.[Conclusion]A chicken-derived L.plantarum strain has been identified,exhibiting notable antibacterial activity,stress tolerance,probiotic efficacy,and safety.This strain holds significant potential and market prospects for the development of microecological preparations.展开更多
Background Rumen microorganisms are key regulators of ruminant growth and production performance.Identifying probiotic candidates through microbial culturomics presents a promising strategy for improving ruminant prod...Background Rumen microorganisms are key regulators of ruminant growth and production performance.Identifying probiotic candidates through microbial culturomics presents a promising strategy for improving ruminant production performance.Our previous study identified significant differences in rumen microbial communities of Holstein calves with varying average daily gain(ADG).This study aims to identify a target strain based on the findings from multi-omics analysis and literature review,isolating and evaluating the target microbial strains from both the rumen and hindgut contents for their probiotic potential.Results Parabacteroides distasonis,a strain closely associated with ADG,was successfully isolated from calf rumen content cultured with Fastidious Anaerobe Agar(FAA)medium and named Parabacteroides distasonis F4.Wholegenome sequencing and pan-genome analysis showed that P.distasonis F4 possesses a core functional potential for carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism,with the ability to produce propionate,acetate,and lactate.The results of targeted and untargeted metabolomics further validated the organic acid production and metabolic pathways of P.distasonis F4.An in vitro simulated rumen fermentation test showed that supplementation with P.distasonis F4 significantly altered rumen microbial community structure and increased the molar proportions of propionate and butyrate in the rumen.Furthermore,an in vivo study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with P.distasonis F4 significantly increased the ADG of pre-weaning calves.Conclusions This study represents the first isolation of P.distasonis F4 from rumen,highlighting its potential as a probiotic strain for improving rumen development and growth performance in ruminants.展开更多
The prevalence of bacterial digestive diseases in plateau animals has caused considerable losses to the Tibetan live‑stock industry.Therefore,this study aimed to isolate safe lactic acid bacteria(LAB)with beneficial p...The prevalence of bacterial digestive diseases in plateau animals has caused considerable losses to the Tibetan live‑stock industry.Therefore,this study aimed to isolate safe lactic acid bacteria(LAB)with beneficial probiotic proper‑ties to protect yaks from intestinal diseases.After 16S rDNA matching,four strains of Lactobacillus fermentum(A4),Pediococcus pentosaceus(A3.4 and A1.2),and Pediococcus acidilactici(B1.9)were isolated from the intestinal tissues and content of healthy yaks.The results indicated that A4 was more tolerant to bile salt(0.3%),while A3.4 had better stability in an acidic(pH=3.0)environment.The results of the antibacterial activity test suggested that the isolates inhibited most pathogenic bacteria by up to 20%,except for A3.4,which inhibited Pasteurella and Staphylococcus aureus by more than 20%.Moreover,the results of the antioxidant test demonstrated that A4 and A3.4 had potent antioxidant activity.In addition,the drug sensitivity test revealed that the isolates were susceptible to commonly used antibiotics.In terms of safety,the isolates promoted growth,enhanced intestinal development,and protected the intestinal barrier without causing any adverse effects.In conclusion,LAB isolated from yak intestinal contents are potential probiotics with excellent antibacterial properties.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetes is an epidemic condition affecting people globally with a high rate of morbidity and mortality.While various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options are used,diabetes is still a n...BACKGROUND Diabetes is an epidemic condition affecting people globally with a high rate of morbidity and mortality.While various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options are used,diabetes is still a non-treatable condition.Constant attempts are made to identify newer therapies that could support better management of the diabetes condition and improve overall quality of life.Numerous studies have supported the potential role of probiotics therapy in the diabetes condition.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of triple probiotic combination on glycaemic,metabolic,oxidative stress,and inflammatory parameters in the diabetic population.METHODS Randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of the triple probiotic combination in diabetic patients were identified.The quality of the studies was evaluated using the PEDro scale while biasness between and within the studies was assessed using the Risk of Bias tool.Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan software,and sensitivity analysis was performed using OpenMeta Analyst software.The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO(CRD42-024530999).RESULTS Five good-quality clinical trials were included.Low-to-moderate risk of bias was observed.Data from 300 participants were included(150 participants in both groups).Probiotics supplementation significantly improved glycaemic and insulin parameters(glucose level:-23.86 mg/dL;insulin level:-5.02μIU/mL;HOMA-IR:-1.82 score;QUICKI:+0.02 score;HOMA-B:-16.30 score;P<0.05 for all parameters),reduced oxidative stress and improved antioxidant parameters[TAC:+92.55 mmol/L;glutathione(GSH):+40.55μmol/L;nitric oxide(NO):+6.45μmol/L;malondialdehyde(MDA):-0.48μmol/L;hs-CRP:-2.24 mg/L;P<0.05 for all parameters except GSH],and improved lipid parameters(total cholesterol(TC):-3.43 mg/dL;triglycerides(TG):-4.26 mg/dL;low-density lipoprotein:-4.62 mg/dL;very low-density lipoprotein:-0.83 mg/dL;high-density lipoprotein(HDL):+1.83 mg/dL;TC/HDL ratio:-0.25;P<0.05 for HDL and TC/HDL ratio parameters)compared to the control group.CONCLUSION The combination of L.acidophilus,L.casei,and B.bifidum is effective in diabetic patients with cardio/renal complications.Further well-designed studies are warranted to support the results of current research.展开更多
BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental-health disorder worldwide.Several studies have demonstrated the effects of gut microbiota-targeting interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics(PPSP)...BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental-health disorder worldwide.Several studies have demonstrated the effects of gut microbiota-targeting interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics(PPSP),on depression.AIM To assess the potential benefits of PPSP on patients diagnosed with depressive disorder.METHODS A literature search of the PubMed,Web of Science,and Elsevier Science Direct databases for relevant studies published from database inception to March 2024 was performed.Studies that used a randomized controlled trial design and eva-luated differences in depression between PPSP and placebo were included.Depressive symptoms were assessed using a validated scale.Analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4(The Cochrane Collaboration,2020).RESULTS Fourteen studies comprising 906 patients with depressive symptoms were included.PPSP improved depression compared with placebo[SMD:-0.39(95%CI:-0.60 to-0.17);P<0.001].PPSP resulted in significant reductions in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale[MD:-1.72(95%CI:-2.57 to-0.88);P<0.001]and Beck Depression Inventory[MD:-2.69(95%CI:-4.67 to-0.71);P<0.001]scores.Sub-analysis confirmed the antidepressant effects of probiotics on depressive symp-toms[SMD:-0.32(95%CI:-0.48 to-0.16);P<0.001],with prebiotics exerting no apparent effect[SMD:-0.08(95%CI:-0.39 to-0.23);P=0.62],and synbiotics exerting statistically significant benefits[SMD:-1.09(95%CI:-1.45 to-0.73);P<0.001].CONCLUSION PPSP effectively alleviates depressive symptoms,and subgroup analysis supports the benefits of probiotics and synbiotics.Nevertheless,evidence supporting the use of PPSP for the treatment of depression remains insufficient.展开更多
As a natural alternative to antibiotics,probiotics have considerable potential for use in livestock farming.However,the current use of probiotics in livestock poses potential public health risks due to inadequate regu...As a natural alternative to antibiotics,probiotics have considerable potential for use in livestock farming.However,the current use of probiotics in livestock poses potential public health risks due to inadequate regulations,including issues such as the inferior quality and dissemination of antibiotic resistance.In this study,95 non-duplicate commercial probiotic products for livestock were collected from different regions of China.Our findings revealed that the labeling compliance rate for Lactobacillus was the lowest,at just 11%,and approximately 33.3%of the products were contaminated with opportunistic pathogens containing various virulence and antibiotic-resistance genes(ARGs).Isolates of Bacillus and Enterococcus from the products exhibited diverse clonal types and geographical dispersion,whereas certain Enterococcus exhibited close phylogenetic relationships to clones associated with human infectious diseases.Compared with Bacillus and Lactobacillus,Enterococcus exhibited a higher prevalence of ARGs.Specifically,the oxazolidine-resistance gene optrA,which is located on novel transferable plasmids,was found in one isolate of Enterococcus faecium(E.faecium).Using chicken models,we observed that the optrA-positive E.faecium disrupts the normal intestinal microbiota in chickens and alters the abundance of intestinal resistome and mobile genetic elements(MGEs).Furthermore,metagenomic analysis revealed that the optrA gene can be transferred via transposon IS1216E to commensal intestinal bacteria,including Enterococcus cecorum(E.cecorum),Enterococcus gallinarum(E.gallinarum),and Lactobacillus crispatus(L.crispatus)species.In summary,our study confirms that the probiotic products used in Chinese livestock production present problems such as non-compliance with good manufacturing practice(GMP)production standards and insufficient elucidation of the molecular genetic background of probiotic strains.The widespread use of low-quality Enterococcus strains containing various ARGs as probiotics could disrupt intestinal homeostasis and serve as a reservoir and source of ARGs.We emphasize the importance of carefully evaluating the use of Enterococcus strains as probiotics to avoid potential negative effects on livestock and human health.展开更多
基金Chulalongkorn University and the National Science and Technology Development Agency(NSTDA)for providing the Chulalongkorn University-NSTDA Doctoral Scholarship,which funded this articlesupport from the 90~(th)Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University Scholarship under the Ratchadaphisek Somphot Endowment Fund。
文摘In recent years,the addition of probiotics into non-dairy beverages has gained popularity.Probiotics offer a wider range of options for individuals who are sensitive to dairy products.Incorporating probiotics into widely consumed beverages like carbonated soft drinks poses a notable challenge due to the detrimental impact of acidic pH.Herein,results demonstrate that chitosan-coated alginate/gellan gum microcapsules can enhance the viability of probiotics within carbonated soft drinks.The probiotics,Lactobacillus casei,are encapsulated in microcapsules and exposed to Pepsi,Fanta Strawberry,Sprite,and A&W Root Beer under 4 and 25℃for 60 days and simulated gastrointestinal tract.Microcapsules greatly improve the viability of adding probiotics in different beverages under simulated gastrointestinal tract.The probiotics had a gradual release from microcapsules,reaching maximum release within initial 2 h of simulated intestinal phase.During 4℃storage compared to storage at 25℃,it was found that the number of surviving cells is more than the recommended minimum(10^(6)CFU/g)at the end of the storage.The pH and soluble solids content of beverages containing microcapsules also signify little change.This work shows that the chitosan-coated alginate/gellan microcapsules have the potential to be used as protective microcapsules for probiotics in carbonated soft drinks.
基金funded by Ausnutria-kabrita Research Fund(RS2022-14).
文摘Probiotics can regulate the body’s immune system through both non-specific and specific immunity,thereby regulating host health.In terms of non-specific immune regulation,probiotics can activate the intrinsic immune system,regulate the mucosal barrier function,and play an immune role by influencing the activity of intrinsic immune cells such as macrophages,dendritic cells and natural killer cells,as well as their differentiation and maturation;in terms of specific immune regulation,probiotics play a role in regulating the immunoglobulin level and the maturation of B cells.Probiotics can also regulate T-cell differentiation according to the condition of the body,thus regulating specific immunity.Many studies have focused on the role of probiotics in metabolism and nutrition,and the mechanisms involved in the immunomodulatory role of probiotics have only been partially described.This review summarises the role of common probiotics such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in immunomodulation as well as their mechanisms,describing the currently known mechanisms of immunomodulation by probiotics in improving the host immune system.A deeper understanding of probiotics and their specific mechanisms of action will facilitate the use of probiotics for immunomodulation in clinical medicine,functional foods,and other areas.This will also contribute to the development and research of engineered probiotics,next-generation probiotics,and other new functional probiotics with immunomodulatory effects.
基金financial support from the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZC20230718)。
文摘The interplay between gut microbiota and host health has attracted significant interest in the animal science community.Maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis by supplementing probiotics to treat clinical conditions like calf diarrhea is an emerging area of research nowadays because of increased concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance(AMR)and drug residues in animal products.Probiotics reduce the incidence of calf diarrhea by increasing the gut microbiota diversity and richness with more commensal bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium that produce antimicrobial compounds,as well as modulating the immune response by increasing cytokines,Interleukin-2(IL-2),IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,and reducing tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),by increasing production of antibodies,especially immunoglobulin E(Ig E),also Ig G,differentiating naive Th lymphocytes(Tho)into Th1,hence stimulate innate immunity and prime the adaptive immune response.Specific probiotic strains of bacteria and yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)derived probiotics maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier.In this review,data are being organized to address the role of probiotics in treating calf diarrhea by modulating gut microbiota and stimulating an immune response against notorious pathogens,to present animal and veterinary scientists and nutritionists with a new concept to treat infectious diseases from the perspective of the gut microbiota,increasing animal health,performance,and welfare.In conclusion,health status and gut microbiome are strongly interlinked.Research data indicated a significant reduction in the incidence of diarrhea after probiotic administration.If interrelations between probiotics and existing gut microbiota are explored more quantitatively,novel antibiotic substitutes can emerge in the future.
文摘Background:The topic of this review is the study of the gut microbiota(GM),and the use of probiotics,especially in humans,as a new frontier in the field of prevention and health in general.The beneficial effects and functions performed by probiotics in the GM are increasingly at the centre of both scientific,medical,and pharmaceutical interest.It is now known that diet and probiotics can modify the GM,although in these situations there is a need for greater and more in-depth research regarding the methods and timing of treatment.However,the relationship between physical activity,GM,and probiotics is still largely unclear,as regards certain mechanisms between physical exercise and probiotics in humans.Discussion:In this study,we tried to demonstrate whether and how physical exercise was able to alter the composition of the microbiota and how probiotics can facilitate it.Therefore,alteration of the microbiota was considered in terms of both diversity and composition.Conclusions:The ones examined propose vastly different physical exercises,both in terms of timing and type of intervention itself,and the use of probiotics.
基金supported by grants from the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.20242BAB26134(to XF)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82060638(to TC),82060222(to XF),82460237(to XF)+1 种基金the Major Disciplines of Academic and Technical Leaders Project of Jiangxi Province,Nos.20194BCJ22032(to TC),20213BCJL22049(to XF)Science and Technology Plan of Jiangxi Health Planning Committee,No.202210390(to XF).
文摘Parkinson’s disease is characterized by synucleinopathy-associated neurodegeneration.Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)has beneficial effects in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.However,the effect of GLP-1 on intrinsic synuclein malfunction remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism in SncaA53T transgenic mice and explored the underlying mechanisms.Our data showed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 inhibited dopaminergic neuronal death,reduced pathological aggregation ofα-synuclein,and decreased movement disorders in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Furthermore,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 downregulated lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation,reduced cerebral activation of microglia and astrocytes,and promoted cell survival via the GLP-1 receptor/PI3K/Akt pathway in the substantia nigra.Additionally,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 decreased serum levels of pro-inflammatory molecules including lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide binding protein,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6.Gut histopathology and western blotting further revealed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 increased the expression of gut integrity-related proteins and reduced lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation by reversing gut dysbiosis in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Our findings showed that the beneficial effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism traits in SncaA53T transgenic mice is mediated by microglial polarization and the reversal of dysbiosis.Collectively,our findings suggest that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
基金supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-PUMCH-B-109)Chinese Academy of Medical Science Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)(2021-I2M-1-020)。
文摘BACKGROUND: Sepsis, a common acute and critical disease, leads to 11 million deaths annually worldwide. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are beneficial to the host and may benefit sepsis outcomes, but their effects are stil inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the overal eff ect of probiotics on the prognosis of patients with sepsis.DATA RESOURCES: We searched several sources for published/presented studies, including Pub Med, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and the US National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials Register(www.clinicaltrials.gov) updated through July 30, 2023, to identify all relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs) or observational studies that assessed the effectiveness of probiotics or synbiotics in patients with sepsis and reported mortality. We focused primarily on mortality during the study period and analyzed secondary outcomes, including 28-day mortality, in-intensive care unit(ICU) mortality and other outcomes.RESULTS: Data from 405 patients in five RCTs and 108 patients in one cohort study were included in the analysis. The overall quality of the studies was satisfactory, but clinical heterogeneity existed. All adult studies reported a tendency for probiotics to reduce the mortality of patients with sepsis, and most studies reported a decreasing trend in the incidence of infectious complications, length of ICU stay and duration of antibiotic use. There was only one RCT involving children.CONCLUSION: Probiotics show promise for improving the prognosis of patients with sepsis, including reducing mortality and the incidence of infectious complications, particularly in adult patients. Despite the limited number of studies, especially in children, these findings will be encouraging for clinical practice in the treatment of sepsis and suggest that gut microbiota-targeted therapy may improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371596)Key Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Z25C030002)+2 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Yongjiang 2035 Key Research and Development Project of Ningbo(2024Z279)One Health Interdisciplinary Research Project(HZ202404)K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University。
文摘Probiotic supplementation enhances the abundance of gutassociated Rhodobacteraceae species,critical symbionts contributing to the health and physiological fitness of Litopenaeus vannamei.Understanding the role of Rhodobacteraceae in shaping the shrimp gut microbiota is essential for optimizing probiotic application.This study investigated whether probiotics benefit shrimp health and fitness via the recruitment of Rhodobacteraceae commensals in the gut.Probiotic supplementation significantly enhanced feed conversion efficiency,digestive enzyme activity,and immune responses,thereby promoting shrimp growth.Additionally,probiotics induced pronounced shifts in gut microbial composition,enriched gut Rhodobacteraceae abundance,and reduced community variability,leading to a more stable gut microbiome.Network analysis revealed that the removal of Rhodobacteraceae nodes disrupted gut microbial connectivity more rapidly than the removal of nonRhodobacteraceae nodes,indicating a disproportionate role of Rhodobacteraceae in maintaining network stability.Probiotic supplementation facilitated the migration of Rhodobacteraceae taxa from the aquatic environment to the shrimp gut while reinforcing deterministic selection in gut microbiota assembly.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that up-regulation of amino acid metabolism and NF-κB signaling pathways was positively correlated with Rhodobacteraceae abundance.These findings demonstrate that probiotic supplementation enriches key Rhodobacteraceae taxa,stabilizes gut microbial networks,and enhances host digestive and immune functions,ultimately improving shrimp growth performance.This study provides novel perspectives on the ecological and molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of probiotics on shrimp fitness.
文摘Functional constipation(FC)in elderly individuals is a significant health issue that adversely affects their quality of life,with recent studies indicating a close relationship between this condition and gut microbiota dysbiosis.This review aims to explore the role of the gut microbiota in FC in elderly individuals,analyze the mechanisms of the gut-brain axis,and evaluate the potential use of microecological agents,including probiotics and prebiotics,in modulating the gut microbiota and alleviating constipation symptoms.By integrating the latest research findings,this study seeks to provide new perspectives and intervention strategies for the management of FC in elderly individuals.
基金supported by the Shandong Taishan Industry Leading Talent Project(LJNY202101)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(202313041)Qingdao Postdoctoral Applied Research Project(QDBSH20220202059).
文摘Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a progressive disease with high morbidity and mortality.Disturbed gut microbiota and toxin accumulation are the main pathologic features of CKD.Current treatments are limited to those that alleviate renal impairment in CKD patients,but few interventions are available that specifically target the regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota.In this context,researchers urgently need new approaches that can significantly improve survival time and quality of life in these patients.In this review,we outline the involvement of the gut-kidney axis in kidney injury through disturbances of gut microbiota and dysregulation of endogenous metabolites,as well as the prominent contribution of gut microbiota in the discovery of CKD that can be used to prevent,diagnose,and treat CKD.Next,we describe several major metabolites associated with the host-gut microbiota that arise from the synthesis of microbial nutrient transformations and subsequent interactions with the kidney.Then,we summarize the role and potential targets of a compromised gut barrier in CKD.Finally,we discuss research advances in the prevention and treatments of CKD through probiotics modulation of gut microbiota structure to reduce enterogenous toxins and their maintenance of gut barrier function.A growing body of research suggests that intervention through probiotics may be a new and promising therapeutic strategy for CKD.
基金Supported by the Research Office,University of KwaZulu-Natal,Durbanan Incentive Grant from the National Research Foundation,Pretoria,South Africa,No.145943.
文摘Fermented corn starch has emerged as a promising functional food due to its triad of gut biotics,prebiotic,probiotic,and postbiotic properties,which present significant potential for the management of type 2 diabetes through gut microbiota modulation.During fermentation,microbial activity alters the starch matrix,enhancing the production of bioactive compounds such as resistant starch,isomalto-oligosaccharides,and resistant dextrin,which improve insulin sensitivity,reduce inflammation,and support glycemic control.Additionally,fermented corn starch harbors beneficial microbial strains including Lactiplantibacillus fermentum,Bifidobacterium breve,and Saccharomyces cerevisiae,which reinforce gut barrier integrity,stimulate incretin secretion,and suppress systemic inflammation.Postbiotic metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids,exopolysaccharides,and bacteriocins further contribute to glucose homeostasis through immune modulation and gut hormone regulation.Despite its promise,the clinical translation of fermented corn starch is limited by safety concerns(e.g.,contamination with pathogens or mycotoxins),lack of standardized fermentation protocols,and a scarcity of targeted studies.This review synthesizes current evidence on the antidiabetic potential of fermented corn starch,advocating for its integration into precision nutrition approaches and supporting further research to address safety and standardization challenges in functional food development.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFD2400900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32171619 and 32201388)+2 种基金the Youth project of the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2021CFB243)Hubei Province Excellent Young and Middle aged Science and Technology Innovation Team Project(No.T2022028)the Youth Talent Project of Science and Technology Research Program of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(No.Q20212503)。
文摘Microcystin-LR(MC-LR)is a highly toxic category of biotoxins that can damage eye development and retinal structure in zebrafish,while probiotics can largely benefit the function of the retina.Although they both act on the visual system,whether probiotics can alleviate the visual damage caused by MC-LR in fish and the underlying mechanisms remains unclear.In this study,we exposed adult zebrafish for 28 days at MC-LR concentrations of 0,2.20,and 22.00μg/L with or without the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus in the diet.MC-LR exposure alone resulted in structural damage to the retina and abnormal phototropic behavior,whereas L.rhamnosus could alleviate these damages.Biochemical analyses showed thatMCLR-induced abnormalities in apoptosis of ocular cells,retinal inflammatory responses,neurotransmission,and phototransduction were restored in the L.rhamnosus treatment group,indicating L.rhamnosus alleviated MC-LR-induced defects in the visual system and dysfunctions.This study underlines the defensive role of probiotics in protecting the host from environmental pollutants,which may provide guidance for the application of probiotics in aquaculture.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170102)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(25JCLMJC00400)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(63253191).
文摘Intestinal drug-resistant pathogens,e.g.,Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica serovar Typhimurium(S.Tm)and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli(E.coli),frequently cause life-threatening infectious enteritis.Probiotic-based therapy is a promising way to eliminate drug-resistant pathogens for treatment of infectious enteritis,but its colonizing and therapeutic efficacy after oral administration are limited.Here,we developed a facile therapeutic agent to treat infectious enteritis by co-assembly of the peptide nanodrug melittin-loaded MSN grafted by polysaccharide-binding protein(MMPB)with the famous probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum(Lac)and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis(Bif).The nanodrug was composed of the antimicrobial peptide melittin and mesoporous silica nanoparticles exposing the artificial polysaccharide-binding protein.Owing to presence of the artificial protein on the MMPB surface,the nanodrug strongly bound and cross-linked the probiotic cells,forming the Lac+Bif+MMPB co-assembly.During co-incubation with the kanamycin-resistant E.coli strain(Ecka),the co-assembly strongly reduced the viability of Ecka,leading to the increase in the ratio of probiotic to Ecka from 1.6 to 9.2.After oral administration of the co-assembly to themice pre-colonized by Ecka,Lac+Bif+MMPB almost eliminated the kanamycin-resistant gene in the intestine,and led to 2-3-fold higher levels of the probiotic cells than the nanodrug MMPB or the combined probiotics Lac+Bif.More importantly,in the mice suffering from enteritis caused by drug-resistant S.Tm,the co-assembly remarkably recovered the mouse body weight,reduced intestine colonization of S.Tm cells,and decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in both serum and colons.This study realized the synthetic biology technique-mediated abiotic/biotic co-assembly for efficient treating infectious enteritis induced by drug-resistant pathogens.
文摘Restoring the balance of gut microbiota has emerged as a critical strategy in treating intestinal disorders,with probiotics playing a pivotal role in maintaining bacterial equilibrium.Surgical preparations,trauma,and digestive tract reconstruction associated with intestinal surgeries often disrupt the intestinal flora,prompting interest in the potential role of probiotics in postoperative recovery.Lan et al conducted a prospective randomized study on 60 patients with acute appendicitis,revealing that postoperative administration of Bacillus licheniformis capsules facilitated early resolution of inflammation and restoration of gastrointestinal motility,offering a novel therapeutic avenue for accelerated postoperative recovery.This editorial delves into the effects of perioperative probiotic supplementation on physical and intestinal recovery following surgery.Within the framework of enhanced recovery after surgery,the exploration of new probiotic supplementation strategies to mitigate surgical complications and reshape gut microbiota is particularly intriguing.
基金Jiangsu College of Nursing 2023 Special Fund for Research and Development of Medical-Educational Integration。
文摘A systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation on the effects of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)based on data from randomized controlled trials(RCTs).We searched electronic databases including PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,and Web of Science to identify clinical trials published up to 31 March 2023.Data was pooled using a random-effects model if significant heterogeneity(I2>50%),otherwise use a fixed-effects model.Fifty-six trials that included 3317 patients were enrolled for analysis.Meta-analysis reported that probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation significantly reduced systolic blood pressure(SBP)(weighted mean difference(WMD):-3.57 mmHg,95% confidence interval(CI):-5.36,-1.78;P=0.000),diastolic blood pressure(DBP)(WMD:-2.05 mmHg,95%CI:-3.07,-1.04;P=0.000),triglycerides(TG)(WMD:-16.10 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.16,-12.05;P=0.000),total cholesterol(TC)(WMD:-14.00 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.46,-7.55;P=0.000),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)(WMD:-7.03 mg/dL,95%CI:-9.25,-4.81;P=0.000),fasting plasma glucose(FPG)(WMD:-16.57 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.39,-12.74;P=0.000),hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)(WMD:-0.44%,95%CI:-0.68,-0.20;P=0.000),insulin(standardized mean difference(SMD):-0.37,95%CI:-0.53,-0.21;P=0.000),homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)(WMD:-1.05,95%CI:-1.56,-0.54;P=0.000),C-reactive protein(CRP)(SMD:-0.35,95%CI:-0.57,-0.13;P=0.002),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)(SMD:-1.07,95%CI:-1.57,-0.56;P=0.000),interleukin-6(IL-6)(SMD:-0.37,95%CI:-0.61,-0.13;P=0.003)levels,they also increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)(WMD:3.70 mg/dL,95%CI:1.80,5.60;P=0.000)levels in T2DM patients,as compared to the placebo groups.This meta-analysis supports the use of probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation as an adjunctive therapy to improve blood pressure,glycemic control parameters,lipid profile and inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM,which are well-known cardiovascular risk factors.
基金Supported by Regional Development Project of Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2022N3017).
文摘[Objective]The study aimed to develop microecological preparations for poultry as potential substitutes for certain antibiotics.[Method]Acid-producing bacteria were isolated and purified from chicken cecal chyme,followed by evaluation of their antibacterial properties and molecular biological identification.Additionally,their in vitro tolerance and safety were experimentally assessed.[Result]A lactic acid bacterium with notable antibacterial properties was isolated and identified as Lactobacillus plantarum.This strain exhibited inhibitory effects against the pathogenic indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,with maximum inhibition zone diameters measuring 8.95 and 6.43 mm,respectively.In vitro tolerance tests demonstrated that this strain was capable of growth within a pH range of 4-8,tolerated bile salt concentrations between 0.10%and 0.30%,and adapted to simulated gastric and intestinal fluid environments.Safety test revealed that the strain exhibited no hemolytic activity and was deemed safe in mouse safety assessments.[Conclusion]A chicken-derived L.plantarum strain has been identified,exhibiting notable antibacterial activity,stress tolerance,probiotic efficacy,and safety.This strain holds significant potential and market prospects for the development of microecological preparations.
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFA1304200)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ASTIP-2023-IFR-04 and CAAS-ZDRW202305)the Beijing Innovation Consortium of Livestock Research System(BAIC05-2023).
文摘Background Rumen microorganisms are key regulators of ruminant growth and production performance.Identifying probiotic candidates through microbial culturomics presents a promising strategy for improving ruminant production performance.Our previous study identified significant differences in rumen microbial communities of Holstein calves with varying average daily gain(ADG).This study aims to identify a target strain based on the findings from multi-omics analysis and literature review,isolating and evaluating the target microbial strains from both the rumen and hindgut contents for their probiotic potential.Results Parabacteroides distasonis,a strain closely associated with ADG,was successfully isolated from calf rumen content cultured with Fastidious Anaerobe Agar(FAA)medium and named Parabacteroides distasonis F4.Wholegenome sequencing and pan-genome analysis showed that P.distasonis F4 possesses a core functional potential for carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism,with the ability to produce propionate,acetate,and lactate.The results of targeted and untargeted metabolomics further validated the organic acid production and metabolic pathways of P.distasonis F4.An in vitro simulated rumen fermentation test showed that supplementation with P.distasonis F4 significantly altered rumen microbial community structure and increased the molar proportions of propionate and butyrate in the rumen.Furthermore,an in vivo study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with P.distasonis F4 significantly increased the ADG of pre-weaning calves.Conclusions This study represents the first isolation of P.distasonis F4 from rumen,highlighting its potential as a probiotic strain for improving rumen development and growth performance in ruminants.
基金supported by the Key Project of Tibet Autonomous Region(XZ202001ZY0044NXZ202101ZD0002N-05).
文摘The prevalence of bacterial digestive diseases in plateau animals has caused considerable losses to the Tibetan live‑stock industry.Therefore,this study aimed to isolate safe lactic acid bacteria(LAB)with beneficial probiotic proper‑ties to protect yaks from intestinal diseases.After 16S rDNA matching,four strains of Lactobacillus fermentum(A4),Pediococcus pentosaceus(A3.4 and A1.2),and Pediococcus acidilactici(B1.9)were isolated from the intestinal tissues and content of healthy yaks.The results indicated that A4 was more tolerant to bile salt(0.3%),while A3.4 had better stability in an acidic(pH=3.0)environment.The results of the antibacterial activity test suggested that the isolates inhibited most pathogenic bacteria by up to 20%,except for A3.4,which inhibited Pasteurella and Staphylococcus aureus by more than 20%.Moreover,the results of the antioxidant test demonstrated that A4 and A3.4 had potent antioxidant activity.In addition,the drug sensitivity test revealed that the isolates were susceptible to commonly used antibiotics.In terms of safety,the isolates promoted growth,enhanced intestinal development,and protected the intestinal barrier without causing any adverse effects.In conclusion,LAB isolated from yak intestinal contents are potential probiotics with excellent antibacterial properties.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetes is an epidemic condition affecting people globally with a high rate of morbidity and mortality.While various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options are used,diabetes is still a non-treatable condition.Constant attempts are made to identify newer therapies that could support better management of the diabetes condition and improve overall quality of life.Numerous studies have supported the potential role of probiotics therapy in the diabetes condition.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of triple probiotic combination on glycaemic,metabolic,oxidative stress,and inflammatory parameters in the diabetic population.METHODS Randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of the triple probiotic combination in diabetic patients were identified.The quality of the studies was evaluated using the PEDro scale while biasness between and within the studies was assessed using the Risk of Bias tool.Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan software,and sensitivity analysis was performed using OpenMeta Analyst software.The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO(CRD42-024530999).RESULTS Five good-quality clinical trials were included.Low-to-moderate risk of bias was observed.Data from 300 participants were included(150 participants in both groups).Probiotics supplementation significantly improved glycaemic and insulin parameters(glucose level:-23.86 mg/dL;insulin level:-5.02μIU/mL;HOMA-IR:-1.82 score;QUICKI:+0.02 score;HOMA-B:-16.30 score;P<0.05 for all parameters),reduced oxidative stress and improved antioxidant parameters[TAC:+92.55 mmol/L;glutathione(GSH):+40.55μmol/L;nitric oxide(NO):+6.45μmol/L;malondialdehyde(MDA):-0.48μmol/L;hs-CRP:-2.24 mg/L;P<0.05 for all parameters except GSH],and improved lipid parameters(total cholesterol(TC):-3.43 mg/dL;triglycerides(TG):-4.26 mg/dL;low-density lipoprotein:-4.62 mg/dL;very low-density lipoprotein:-0.83 mg/dL;high-density lipoprotein(HDL):+1.83 mg/dL;TC/HDL ratio:-0.25;P<0.05 for HDL and TC/HDL ratio parameters)compared to the control group.CONCLUSION The combination of L.acidophilus,L.casei,and B.bifidum is effective in diabetic patients with cardio/renal complications.Further well-designed studies are warranted to support the results of current research.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental-health disorder worldwide.Several studies have demonstrated the effects of gut microbiota-targeting interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics(PPSP),on depression.AIM To assess the potential benefits of PPSP on patients diagnosed with depressive disorder.METHODS A literature search of the PubMed,Web of Science,and Elsevier Science Direct databases for relevant studies published from database inception to March 2024 was performed.Studies that used a randomized controlled trial design and eva-luated differences in depression between PPSP and placebo were included.Depressive symptoms were assessed using a validated scale.Analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4(The Cochrane Collaboration,2020).RESULTS Fourteen studies comprising 906 patients with depressive symptoms were included.PPSP improved depression compared with placebo[SMD:-0.39(95%CI:-0.60 to-0.17);P<0.001].PPSP resulted in significant reductions in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale[MD:-1.72(95%CI:-2.57 to-0.88);P<0.001]and Beck Depression Inventory[MD:-2.69(95%CI:-4.67 to-0.71);P<0.001]scores.Sub-analysis confirmed the antidepressant effects of probiotics on depressive symp-toms[SMD:-0.32(95%CI:-0.48 to-0.16);P<0.001],with prebiotics exerting no apparent effect[SMD:-0.08(95%CI:-0.39 to-0.23);P=0.62],and synbiotics exerting statistically significant benefits[SMD:-1.09(95%CI:-1.45 to-0.73);P<0.001].CONCLUSION PPSP effectively alleviates depressive symptoms,and subgroup analysis supports the benefits of probiotics and synbiotics.Nevertheless,evidence supporting the use of PPSP for the treatment of depression remains insufficient.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFD1800400)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project(BK20220746).
文摘As a natural alternative to antibiotics,probiotics have considerable potential for use in livestock farming.However,the current use of probiotics in livestock poses potential public health risks due to inadequate regulations,including issues such as the inferior quality and dissemination of antibiotic resistance.In this study,95 non-duplicate commercial probiotic products for livestock were collected from different regions of China.Our findings revealed that the labeling compliance rate for Lactobacillus was the lowest,at just 11%,and approximately 33.3%of the products were contaminated with opportunistic pathogens containing various virulence and antibiotic-resistance genes(ARGs).Isolates of Bacillus and Enterococcus from the products exhibited diverse clonal types and geographical dispersion,whereas certain Enterococcus exhibited close phylogenetic relationships to clones associated with human infectious diseases.Compared with Bacillus and Lactobacillus,Enterococcus exhibited a higher prevalence of ARGs.Specifically,the oxazolidine-resistance gene optrA,which is located on novel transferable plasmids,was found in one isolate of Enterococcus faecium(E.faecium).Using chicken models,we observed that the optrA-positive E.faecium disrupts the normal intestinal microbiota in chickens and alters the abundance of intestinal resistome and mobile genetic elements(MGEs).Furthermore,metagenomic analysis revealed that the optrA gene can be transferred via transposon IS1216E to commensal intestinal bacteria,including Enterococcus cecorum(E.cecorum),Enterococcus gallinarum(E.gallinarum),and Lactobacillus crispatus(L.crispatus)species.In summary,our study confirms that the probiotic products used in Chinese livestock production present problems such as non-compliance with good manufacturing practice(GMP)production standards and insufficient elucidation of the molecular genetic background of probiotic strains.The widespread use of low-quality Enterococcus strains containing various ARGs as probiotics could disrupt intestinal homeostasis and serve as a reservoir and source of ARGs.We emphasize the importance of carefully evaluating the use of Enterococcus strains as probiotics to avoid potential negative effects on livestock and human health.
