Granier sap flow system is one of the most commonly used techniques for measurements of whole-tree water use in ecophysiological and forest hydrological studies.However,in the literature there is not one paper that ex...Granier sap flow system is one of the most commonly used techniques for measurements of whole-tree water use in ecophysiological and forest hydrological studies.However,in the literature there is not one paper that exclusively reviews the Granier method.In this paper,we recapitulate the theoretical basis of the Granier sap flow system and review recent developments in calibration and modification of the sensor probes.Practical issues,such as the determination of the non-flow signal values,natural thermal gradient,wounding effect,reversed sap flow pattern and extrapolation of individual measurement of sap flux density to whole-tree sap flow.are discussed in detail.In the perspectives,new approaches are put forward to use the strong coupling between photosynthesis and transpiration or canopy conductance,via the measurement of 13C discrimination,to estimate whole-canopy carbon assimilation.展开更多
Recent developments in micro- and nano-satellites have attracted the interest of the research community worldwide. Many colleges and corporations have launched their satellites in space. Meanwhile, the space flexible ...Recent developments in micro- and nano-satellites have attracted the interest of the research community worldwide. Many colleges and corporations have launched their satellites in space. Meanwhile, the space flexible probe-cone docking system for micro- and nano-satellites has become an attractive topic. In this paper, a dynamic model of a space flexible probe-cone dock- ing system, in which the flexible beam technology is applied, is built based on the Kane method. The curves of impact force versus time are obtained by the Lagrange model, the Kane model, and the experimental method. The Lagrange model was presented in the reference and verified by both finite element simulation and experiment. The results of the three methods show good agreements on the condition that the beam flexibility and the initial relative velocity change. It is worth mentioning that the introduction of vectorial mechanics and analytical mechanics in the Kane method leads to a large reduction of differential operations and makes the modeling process much easier than that of the Lagrange method. Moreover, the influences of the beam flexibility and the initial relative velocity are discussed. It is concluded that the initial relative velocity of space docking operation should be controlled to a certain value in order to protect the docking system.展开更多
In this paper,a probe method for nonlinear programming wiht equality and inequality is given. Its iterative directions at an arbitrary point x can be obtained through solving a liear system. The terminate conditions a...In this paper,a probe method for nonlinear programming wiht equality and inequality is given. Its iterative directions at an arbitrary point x can be obtained through solving a liear system. The terminate conditions and choices of the parameters are given. The global convergence of the method is proved. Further more,some well known gradient projection type algorithms [1-15] and new gradient projection type algorithms from the linear system are given in this paper.展开更多
The authors presented a new measuring method of the soil thermal conductivity,the probe method,which is designed and made based on the theory of line heat source. This method is used to measure thermal conductivity of...The authors presented a new measuring method of the soil thermal conductivity,the probe method,which is designed and made based on the theory of line heat source. This method is used to measure thermal conductivity of coarse sand,fine sand and silty clay in different water contents. The results that measured by the probe method are well consistent with those of QTM-D_2. The soil thermal conductivity increases in different levels with the increase of the water content. Compared the soil thermal conductivity measured by the probe method in laboratory with in-situ experiment,it shows that the measuring gap gradually increases with the increase of the depth. The reason is that the in-situ measuring thermal conductivity can reflect the actual situation of the soil mass.展开更多
Recent years have witnessed significant advances in the development of novel techniques and methodologies for identifying active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),substantially advancing research and de...Recent years have witnessed significant advances in the development of novel techniques and methodologies for identifying active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),substantially advancing research and development efforts.Spectrum-effect correlation analysis,affinity ultrafiltration,high-content screening(HCS)imaging,and cell membrane chromatography(CMC)have emerged as essential tools,effectively linking TCM chemical constituents to their biological effects,thereby enabling efficient active ingredient screening.Additionally,molecular interaction analysis provides deeper insights into TCM-biomolecule interaction mechanisms,enhancing understanding of its therapeutic potential.Computer-aided techniques facilitate TCM active ingredient identification,optimizing the screening process for efficiency and cost-effectiveness.Molecular probe technology,as an emerging methodology,enables precise and rapid screening for novel therapeutic drug discovery.Ongoing technological advancement in this field indicates promising future developments,potentially leading to more effective and targeted TCM-based therapies.展开更多
A combined method for the fast 3-D finite element modeling of defect responses in nondestructive testing of electromagnetics is presented. The method consists of three numerical techniques: zoom-in technique, differen...A combined method for the fast 3-D finite element modeling of defect responses in nondestructive testing of electromagnetics is presented. The method consists of three numerical techniques: zoom-in technique, difference field technique and iterative solution technique. Utilizing the zoom-in technique, the computational zone focuses on a relatively small domain around the defect. Employing the difference field technique, the axisymmetrical field solution corresponding to the case with no defect can be used to simplify the mesh generation and obtain the modeling results quickly. Using the iterative solution technique, the matrix equation system in the 3-D finite element modeling of nondestructive probe signals can easily be solved. The sample calculation shows that the presented method is highly effective and can consequently save significant computer resources.展开更多
The deformation characteristic of bland in deep drawing is discussed. It is pointed out that the friction and lubrication conditions in for drawing are different from that in mechanical motion or machine work or other...The deformation characteristic of bland in deep drawing is discussed. It is pointed out that the friction and lubrication conditions in for drawing are different from that in mechanical motion or machine work or other plastic process. The common test methods in laboratories are analyzed. It shows that though all those test methods can test the friction coefficient, the probe test method is most suitable for the research of friction and lubrication and the process in deep drawing, for this method is identical with the actual work condition either from the test principle or deformation status of the blank. Last the successful application in the deep drawing simulator newly developed the the probe method are intro- duced in detail.展开更多
Previous works have shown that the suction probe cannot be used to accurately measure the upward and downward particle fluxes independently. A new method using a single optical probe to measure the local solid flux is...Previous works have shown that the suction probe cannot be used to accurately measure the upward and downward particle fluxes independently. A new method using a single optical probe to measure the local solid flux is presented. The measurement of upward, downward and net solid fluxes was carried out in a cold model circulating fluidized bed (CFB) unit. The result shows that the profile of the net solid flux is in good agreement with the previous experimental data measured with a suction probe. The comparison between the average solid flux determined with the optical measuring system and the external solid flux was made, and the maximum deviationturned out to be 22%, with the average error being about 6.9%. These confirm that the optical fiber system can be successfully used to measure the upward, downward and net solid fluxes simultaneously by correctly processing the sampling signals obtained from the optical measuring system.展开更多
Compared with other transition metal Mxene derived quantum dots(MQD_(S)),Ta-based Mxene quantum dots have good functionality,but Ta-based Mxene quantum dots and their applications have not been studied so far.In this ...Compared with other transition metal Mxene derived quantum dots(MQD_(S)),Ta-based Mxene quantum dots have good functionality,but Ta-based Mxene quantum dots and their applications have not been studied so far.In this paper,we report for the first time the synthesis of high fluorescence quantum yield(QY) N-doped Ta_(4)C_(3) quantum dots(N-MQDs) using Ta_(4)C_(3) quantum dots in acid reflux damaged Ta_(4)C_(3) nanosheets as precursors and ethylenediamine as nitrogen source.The prepared N-MQDs have excellent blue photoluminescence(PL) properties,particle size is only 2.60 nm,QY is up to 23.4%,and good stability.In addition,it has been reported that N-MQDs can be used as fluorescent probe for detection of Fe;and remote force sensing analysis In liquid ion sensing,N-MQDS shows a unique selective quenching of Fe;with a detection limit as low as 2 μmol/L,and has great potential as a fast and super-sensitive fluorescent probe for the detection of heavy ion.More importantly,in solid mechanics sensing,the introduction of N-MQDs into self-healing hydrogels can be developed into a fluorescent hydrogel that can be used for accurate remote force measurement and applied in the field of mechanical sensing analysis.Therefore,Ta-based N-MQDs show excellent potential in the field of fluorescence sensing,which provides a door for multi-dimensional sensing of new materials in the future.展开更多
Drug-induced liver injury(DILI)is a common and serious adverse drug reaction.At present,DILI is perfectly diagnozed in clinical settings using Roussel Uclaf causality assessment method(RUCAM)in its original version pu...Drug-induced liver injury(DILI)is a common and serious adverse drug reaction.At present,DILI is perfectly diagnozed in clinical settings using Roussel Uclaf causality assessment method(RUCAM)in its original version published 1993 and its updated version published 2016,well established worldwide as a diagnostic algorithm with a high sensitivity and specificity.Nevertheless,the search for additional detection methods supporting RUCAM continues.In recent years,with the development of optical imaging technology,fluorescent probes have gradually shown great advantages in the detection and diagnosis of DILI markers such as high sensitivity,anti-interference,real-time monitoring and non-invasive measurement.In this review,the recent advances of fluorescent probes for evaluation of DILI in experimental studies were summarized according to various markers of DILI.We believe that learning about the design and practical application of these probes will contribute to the further development of detection sensors for DILI markers.展开更多
The contamination behavior of Langmuir probe in silane glow discharge plasma are discussed.A hot electrical probe is suggested to improve the diagnostics of SiH_(4) plasma.Results show the safe duration for reliable m...The contamination behavior of Langmuir probe in silane glow discharge plasma are discussed.A hot electrical probe is suggested to improve the diagnostics of SiH_(4) plasma.Results show the safe duration for reliable measurements of electron temperature can be as long as 40min by this method.展开更多
Brain tissue plays a significant role in both cognitive and psychomotor behavior of humans. However, their interaction with radiation emanating from hand held mobile devices is still not fully understood. This researc...Brain tissue plays a significant role in both cognitive and psychomotor behavior of humans. However, their interaction with radiation emanating from hand held mobile devices is still not fully understood. This research was aimed at investigating radiation absorption in brain tissue. Bovine brain tissues ranging from lesser than 1 year to greater than 10 years of age were bought from a specialty store (Sigma-Aldrich). The tissues were used within 72 h of extraction for ex vivo brain experiments. The brain tissue was stored at 6°C and then 16°C for 24 h in the MRI room to reach thermal equilibrium before any experiments were undertaken. The averages for the dielectric constant were measured from 1 - 4 GHz using open ended coaxial probe (OECP) (85,070E;Agilent Technologies). The results obtained for the dielectric properties were then used as raw data in the numerical computation and simulation of the radiation absorption by the brain tissues for both adolescent and adults bovine brain tissue using finite element method (FEM). The measured dielectric constants varied for the different brain tissue from 54.39 to 39.29. Analysis showed that adolescents tissue absorbed more radiation than adults from mobile phoneradiation which is due to the higher dielectric property of adolescent brain tissue. The results obtained can be applied to human brain tissue since bovine shares the same compositional properties with humans.展开更多
Experiments on specimens of mild steel and cast iron have beenperformed under vari- ous loading conditions. A modified formula isput forward to analyze the cruciform specimen which is often used inmagnetic methods for...Experiments on specimens of mild steel and cast iron have beenperformed under vari- ous loading conditions. A modified formula isput forward to analyze the cruciform specimen which is often used inmagnetic methods for calibration. We assume that the relationshipbetween the magnetic output and strain is linear and a newfour-coefficient method is deduced. Finally, the results of practi-cal applications are given.展开更多
The inverse scattering problems are to detect the property of obstacles from the measurements outside the obstacles. One of important research areas in this topic is the recovery of boundary property for impenetrable ...The inverse scattering problems are to detect the property of obstacles from the measurements outside the obstacles. One of important research areas in this topic is the recovery of boundary property for impenetrable obstacles. In this paper, we would like to give a brief review about the recently developed singular source methods. There are three different methods in this category, namely, linear sampling method, pointsource method and probe method. We also present some recent new results about the probe method.展开更多
文摘Granier sap flow system is one of the most commonly used techniques for measurements of whole-tree water use in ecophysiological and forest hydrological studies.However,in the literature there is not one paper that exclusively reviews the Granier method.In this paper,we recapitulate the theoretical basis of the Granier sap flow system and review recent developments in calibration and modification of the sensor probes.Practical issues,such as the determination of the non-flow signal values,natural thermal gradient,wounding effect,reversed sap flow pattern and extrapolation of individual measurement of sap flux density to whole-tree sap flow.are discussed in detail.In the perspectives,new approaches are put forward to use the strong coupling between photosynthesis and transpiration or canopy conductance,via the measurement of 13C discrimination,to estimate whole-canopy carbon assimilation.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 91216201, 51205403)
文摘Recent developments in micro- and nano-satellites have attracted the interest of the research community worldwide. Many colleges and corporations have launched their satellites in space. Meanwhile, the space flexible probe-cone docking system for micro- and nano-satellites has become an attractive topic. In this paper, a dynamic model of a space flexible probe-cone dock- ing system, in which the flexible beam technology is applied, is built based on the Kane method. The curves of impact force versus time are obtained by the Lagrange model, the Kane model, and the experimental method. The Lagrange model was presented in the reference and verified by both finite element simulation and experiment. The results of the three methods show good agreements on the condition that the beam flexibility and the initial relative velocity change. It is worth mentioning that the introduction of vectorial mechanics and analytical mechanics in the Kane method leads to a large reduction of differential operations and makes the modeling process much easier than that of the Lagrange method. Moreover, the influences of the beam flexibility and the initial relative velocity are discussed. It is concluded that the initial relative velocity of space docking operation should be controlled to a certain value in order to protect the docking system.
文摘In this paper,a probe method for nonlinear programming wiht equality and inequality is given. Its iterative directions at an arbitrary point x can be obtained through solving a liear system. The terminate conditions and choices of the parameters are given. The global convergence of the method is proved. Further more,some well known gradient projection type algorithms [1-15] and new gradient projection type algorithms from the linear system are given in this paper.
基金Supported by Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41372239)
文摘The authors presented a new measuring method of the soil thermal conductivity,the probe method,which is designed and made based on the theory of line heat source. This method is used to measure thermal conductivity of coarse sand,fine sand and silty clay in different water contents. The results that measured by the probe method are well consistent with those of QTM-D_2. The soil thermal conductivity increases in different levels with the increase of the water content. Compared the soil thermal conductivity measured by the probe method in laboratory with in-situ experiment,it shows that the measuring gap gradually increases with the increase of the depth. The reason is that the in-situ measuring thermal conductivity can reflect the actual situation of the soil mass.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22175078, 52373287, 82404846, and 22467002)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (No. BK20241597)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2632024TD05)
文摘Recent years have witnessed significant advances in the development of novel techniques and methodologies for identifying active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),substantially advancing research and development efforts.Spectrum-effect correlation analysis,affinity ultrafiltration,high-content screening(HCS)imaging,and cell membrane chromatography(CMC)have emerged as essential tools,effectively linking TCM chemical constituents to their biological effects,thereby enabling efficient active ingredient screening.Additionally,molecular interaction analysis provides deeper insights into TCM-biomolecule interaction mechanisms,enhancing understanding of its therapeutic potential.Computer-aided techniques facilitate TCM active ingredient identification,optimizing the screening process for efficiency and cost-effectiveness.Molecular probe technology,as an emerging methodology,enables precise and rapid screening for novel therapeutic drug discovery.Ongoing technological advancement in this field indicates promising future developments,potentially leading to more effective and targeted TCM-based therapies.
文摘A combined method for the fast 3-D finite element modeling of defect responses in nondestructive testing of electromagnetics is presented. The method consists of three numerical techniques: zoom-in technique, difference field technique and iterative solution technique. Utilizing the zoom-in technique, the computational zone focuses on a relatively small domain around the defect. Employing the difference field technique, the axisymmetrical field solution corresponding to the case with no defect can be used to simplify the mesh generation and obtain the modeling results quickly. Using the iterative solution technique, the matrix equation system in the 3-D finite element modeling of nondestructive probe signals can easily be solved. The sample calculation shows that the presented method is highly effective and can consequently save significant computer resources.
文摘The deformation characteristic of bland in deep drawing is discussed. It is pointed out that the friction and lubrication conditions in for drawing are different from that in mechanical motion or machine work or other plastic process. The common test methods in laboratories are analyzed. It shows that though all those test methods can test the friction coefficient, the probe test method is most suitable for the research of friction and lubrication and the process in deep drawing, for this method is identical with the actual work condition either from the test principle or deformation status of the blank. Last the successful application in the deep drawing simulator newly developed the the probe method are intro- duced in detail.
文摘Previous works have shown that the suction probe cannot be used to accurately measure the upward and downward particle fluxes independently. A new method using a single optical probe to measure the local solid flux is presented. The measurement of upward, downward and net solid fluxes was carried out in a cold model circulating fluidized bed (CFB) unit. The result shows that the profile of the net solid flux is in good agreement with the previous experimental data measured with a suction probe. The comparison between the average solid flux determined with the optical measuring system and the external solid flux was made, and the maximum deviationturned out to be 22%, with the average error being about 6.9%. These confirm that the optical fiber system can be successfully used to measure the upward, downward and net solid fluxes simultaneously by correctly processing the sampling signals obtained from the optical measuring system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81972901)the Key R&D Plan of Chenzhou (No. ZDYF202008)+1 种基金the Discipline Leader Startup Fund of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (No. YN2021002)Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing (Nos. 2462019QNXZ02, 2462019BJRC007)。
文摘Compared with other transition metal Mxene derived quantum dots(MQD_(S)),Ta-based Mxene quantum dots have good functionality,but Ta-based Mxene quantum dots and their applications have not been studied so far.In this paper,we report for the first time the synthesis of high fluorescence quantum yield(QY) N-doped Ta_(4)C_(3) quantum dots(N-MQDs) using Ta_(4)C_(3) quantum dots in acid reflux damaged Ta_(4)C_(3) nanosheets as precursors and ethylenediamine as nitrogen source.The prepared N-MQDs have excellent blue photoluminescence(PL) properties,particle size is only 2.60 nm,QY is up to 23.4%,and good stability.In addition,it has been reported that N-MQDs can be used as fluorescent probe for detection of Fe;and remote force sensing analysis In liquid ion sensing,N-MQDS shows a unique selective quenching of Fe;with a detection limit as low as 2 μmol/L,and has great potential as a fast and super-sensitive fluorescent probe for the detection of heavy ion.More importantly,in solid mechanics sensing,the introduction of N-MQDs into self-healing hydrogels can be developed into a fluorescent hydrogel that can be used for accurate remote force measurement and applied in the field of mechanical sensing analysis.Therefore,Ta-based N-MQDs show excellent potential in the field of fluorescence sensing,which provides a door for multi-dimensional sensing of new materials in the future.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundationof China(No.U1804136)。
文摘Drug-induced liver injury(DILI)is a common and serious adverse drug reaction.At present,DILI is perfectly diagnozed in clinical settings using Roussel Uclaf causality assessment method(RUCAM)in its original version published 1993 and its updated version published 2016,well established worldwide as a diagnostic algorithm with a high sensitivity and specificity.Nevertheless,the search for additional detection methods supporting RUCAM continues.In recent years,with the development of optical imaging technology,fluorescent probes have gradually shown great advantages in the detection and diagnosis of DILI markers such as high sensitivity,anti-interference,real-time monitoring and non-invasive measurement.In this review,the recent advances of fluorescent probes for evaluation of DILI in experimental studies were summarized according to various markers of DILI.We believe that learning about the design and practical application of these probes will contribute to the further development of detection sensors for DILI markers.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The contamination behavior of Langmuir probe in silane glow discharge plasma are discussed.A hot electrical probe is suggested to improve the diagnostics of SiH_(4) plasma.Results show the safe duration for reliable measurements of electron temperature can be as long as 40min by this method.
文摘Brain tissue plays a significant role in both cognitive and psychomotor behavior of humans. However, their interaction with radiation emanating from hand held mobile devices is still not fully understood. This research was aimed at investigating radiation absorption in brain tissue. Bovine brain tissues ranging from lesser than 1 year to greater than 10 years of age were bought from a specialty store (Sigma-Aldrich). The tissues were used within 72 h of extraction for ex vivo brain experiments. The brain tissue was stored at 6°C and then 16°C for 24 h in the MRI room to reach thermal equilibrium before any experiments were undertaken. The averages for the dielectric constant were measured from 1 - 4 GHz using open ended coaxial probe (OECP) (85,070E;Agilent Technologies). The results obtained for the dielectric properties were then used as raw data in the numerical computation and simulation of the radiation absorption by the brain tissues for both adolescent and adults bovine brain tissue using finite element method (FEM). The measured dielectric constants varied for the different brain tissue from 54.39 to 39.29. Analysis showed that adolescents tissue absorbed more radiation than adults from mobile phoneradiation which is due to the higher dielectric property of adolescent brain tissue. The results obtained can be applied to human brain tissue since bovine shares the same compositional properties with humans.
文摘Experiments on specimens of mild steel and cast iron have beenperformed under vari- ous loading conditions. A modified formula isput forward to analyze the cruciform specimen which is often used inmagnetic methods for calibration. We assume that the relationshipbetween the magnetic output and strain is linear and a newfour-coefficient method is deduced. Finally, the results of practi-cal applications are given.
文摘The inverse scattering problems are to detect the property of obstacles from the measurements outside the obstacles. One of important research areas in this topic is the recovery of boundary property for impenetrable obstacles. In this paper, we would like to give a brief review about the recently developed singular source methods. There are three different methods in this category, namely, linear sampling method, pointsource method and probe method. We also present some recent new results about the probe method.
