Lacto-N-neotetraose(LNn T)is a crucial neutral core human milk oligosaccharide(HMO).In this study,we established a LNn T-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell factory through comprehensive metabolic engineering.Spec...Lacto-N-neotetraose(LNn T)is a crucial neutral core human milk oligosaccharide(HMO).In this study,we established a LNn T-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell factory through comprehensive metabolic engineering.Specifically,the de novo biosynthetic pathway of LNn T was assembled by heterologously expressing the lactose permease(lac12)from Kluyveromyces lactis and the glycosyltransferase from Neisseria meningitidis in S.cerevisiae.Subsequently,carbon source regulation based on the glucose-sensitive GAL regulatory system was employed to optimize the expression time of heterologous genes,achieving a production of 15.61 mg/L of LNn T in shake-flask fermentation.In addition,the key rate-limiting steps involved in LNn T synthesis pathway were identified and the corresponding genes were overexpressed to enhance LNn T production,resulting in an 8-fold increase in LNn T titer compared to that of parental strain.To our knowledge,this is the first report on LNn T biosynthesis in S.cerevisiae,opening up the possibility of green production of LNn T using food-safe microorganisms.展开更多
Objective:This study was aimed at investigating metabolic dysregulation in tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)in breast cancer and developing a metabolically enhanced chimeric antigen receptor macrophage(CAR-M)strategy...Objective:This study was aimed at investigating metabolic dysregulation in tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)in breast cancer and developing a metabolically enhanced chimeric antigen receptor macrophage(CAR-M)strategy to boost antitumor potency in solid tumors.Methods:Integrated scRNA-seq and metabolomic analyses were performed to characterize metabolic alterations in macrophages within the breast cancer tumor microenvironment(TME).According to the identified metabolic vulnerabilities,SLC38A2-overexpressing anti-HER2 CAR-Ms were engineered.Glutamine uptake and phagocytic activity were assessed to evaluate functional enhancement.Results:TAMs in breast cancer exhibited substantial metabolic dysregulation,particularly impaired glutamine metabolism accompanied by decreased expression of the glutamine transporter SLC38A2.Overexpression of SLC38A2 in anti-HER2 CAR-Ms,compared with conventional anti-HER2 CAR-Ms,enhanced glutamine uptake and markedly augmented phagocytosis of HER2+breast cancer cells.Conclusions:Metabolic engineering via SLC38A2 restored glutamine fitness and enhanced the antitumor activity of HER2-targeted CAR-Ms,thus providing a promising strategy to boost CAR-M–mediated tumor suppression in solid tumors.展开更多
The rapid development of new-quality productive forces(NQPF)has intensified the demand for high-level innovative talent.As a representative of NQPF,generative artificial intelligence(GenAI)offers powerful tools to res...The rapid development of new-quality productive forces(NQPF)has intensified the demand for high-level innovative talent.As a representative of NQPF,generative artificial intelligence(GenAI)offers powerful tools to reshape talent cultivation but also presents significant challenges,including skill hollowing,ethical risks,and a growing disconnect between education and industry needs.Currently,graduate-level software engineering education struggles with outdated curricula and insufficient alignment with practical demands.In this paper,we propose a dual-core collaborative framework driven by“GenAI technology”and“industry demand”.Under this framework,we design a four-dimensional capability development path to enhance graduate students’innovation in software engineering practice.This path focuses on①scientific research innovation,②engineering problem-solving,③cross-domain collaborative evolution,and④ethical risk governance.The proposed approach promotes a shift from traditional knowledge transfer to human-machine collaborative innovation,aligning talent cultivation with the demands of the NQPF.展开更多
Two-step-processed(TSP)inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have demonstrated significant promise in tandem applications.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of TSP p-i-n PSCs rarely exceeds 24%.Here,we d...Two-step-processed(TSP)inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have demonstrated significant promise in tandem applications.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of TSP p-i-n PSCs rarely exceeds 24%.Here,we demonstrate that TSP perovskite films exhibit a vertically gradient distribution of residual PbI_(2)clusters,which form Schottky heterojunctions with the perovskite,leading to substantial interfacial energy-level mismatches within NiO_(x)-based TSP p-i-n PSCs.These limitations were effectively addressed via a vertical interfacial engineering enabled by dual-interface modification incorporating tin trifluoromethanesulfonate(Sn(OTF)_(2))and 4-Fluorophenylethylamine chloride(F-PEA)at the NiO_(x)/perovskite and perovskite/C60 interfaces,respectively.The functional Sn(OTF)_(2)not only enhances the conductivity of NiO_(x)films but also suppresses ion migration,while inducing the formation of a Pb-Sn mixed perovskite interlayer that precisely regulates the energy level at the NiO_(x)/perovskite interface.Complementally,F-PEA post-treatment effectively converts surface residual PbI_(2)clusters into a 2D perovskite capping layer,which simultaneously passivates surface defects and enhances energy-level alignment at the perovskite/C60 interface.Consequently,the optimized NiO_(x)-based TSP p-i-n PSCs achieve a notable PCE of 25.6%with superior operational stability.This study elucidates the underlying mechanisms limiting the efficiency of TSP p-i-n PSCs,while establishing design principles for these devices targeting 26%efficiency.展开更多
Software engineering has been embraced by almost all industries to promote work efficiency,improve user experience or cut cost.In line with this,the education on software engineering should be made more adaptable to m...Software engineering has been embraced by almost all industries to promote work efficiency,improve user experience or cut cost.In line with this,the education on software engineering should be made more adaptable to meet the needs of industries.Industry-university-research(IUR)collaboration project,which was initially designed to reinforce the association between universities and enterprises,brought added value to this end.In this paper,an IUR collaboration project on tele-rehabilitation is presented as an example for education practice,where emphasis is laid on the ways of analyzing users’needs,converting users’needs to infrastructure design,decomposing a project into tasks,etc.The project had been used as both student assignments and case studies in software engineering courses,where students were motivated to deal with real medical problems from an engineering perspective.It was shown that by introducing the IUR collaboration project,it helped the students to build up engineering-oriented mindset besides improving their R&D ability on software engineering.展开更多
This paper introduces a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called the Gekko japonicus algorithm.The algo-rithm draws inspiration mainly from the predation strategies and survival behaviors of the Gekko japo...This paper introduces a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called the Gekko japonicus algorithm.The algo-rithm draws inspiration mainly from the predation strategies and survival behaviors of the Gekko japonicus.The math-ematical model is developed by simulating various biological behaviors of the Gekko japonicus,such as hybrid loco-motion patterns,directional olfactory guidance,implicit group advantage tendencies,and the tail autotomy mechanism.By integrating multi-stage mutual constraints and dynamically adjusting parameters,GJA maintains an optimal balance between global exploration and local exploitation,thereby effectively solving complex optimization problems.To assess the performance of GJA,comparative analyses were performed against fourteen state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms using the CEC2017 and CEC2022 benchmark test sets.Additionally,a Friedman test was performed on the experimen-tal results to assess the statistical significance of differences between various algorithms.And GJA was evaluated using multiple qualitative indicators,further confirming its superiority in exploration and exploitation.Finally,GJA was utilized to solve four engineering optimization problems and further implemented in robotic path planning to verify its practical applicability.Experimental results indicate that,compared to other high-performance algorithms,GJA demonstrates excep-tional performance as a powerful optimization algorithm in complex optimization problems.We make the code publicly available at:https://github.com/zhy1109/Gekko-japonicusalgorithm.展开更多
The conversion of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into hydrocarbons through electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR)shows a promising method to reduce CO_(2)levels and decrease reliance on fossil fuels in the years t...The conversion of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into hydrocarbons through electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR)shows a promising method to reduce CO_(2)levels and decrease reliance on fossil fuels in the years to come.Copper-based electrocatalysts exhibit a pronounced inclination for C-C coupling,drawing considerable interest as a favored metal catalyst for generating C_(2+)products through CO_(2)RR.However,CO_(2)RR still has some obstacles including product selectivity,higher overpotential,low Faradic efficiency(FE),stability,and current density(CD).Therefore,advancement in this field enables us to comprehend the complex multi-proton electron transfer during C-C coupling and engineering strategies to improve FE and CD.Herein,this review presents some key features of Cu-based catalysts as an electrocatalyst for C_(2) product formation while addressing the industrial challenges that hinder commercialization of CO_(2)RR.In addition,recent strategies on Cu-based catalysts,synthesis strategies,advanced characterizations,and mechanistic investigations via theoretical simulations have been presented.Furthermore,recent approaches towards the composition,oxidation states,and active facets have been presented.Thus,the most favorable mechanism and possible pathways to synthesize C_(2+)products have been explained using theoretical calculations.展开更多
In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of...In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of this development.Inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISSEs)are the core components of sodium batteries;however,they face significant challenges such as insufficient ionic conductivity,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth,all of which severely hinder practical application.This review critically assesses experimental protocols and theoretical frameworks related to mainstream ISSEs and systematizes optimization strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges.Leveraging integrated insights from both experimental and computational studies,the review first categorizes and summarizes the primary types of ISSEs,namely oxide-,sulfide-,and halide-based electrolytes.It then details interfacial optimization strategies focused on addressing three core interfacial issues:ion transport barriers resulting from mechanical incompatibility,side reactions stemming from electrochemical mismatch,and dendrite formation.Finally,the review advocates prioritizing in-depth research that integrates experimental and theoretical approaches to establish a closed-loop methodology encompassing predictive design,multiscale investigation,mechanistic exploration,and high-throughput automated experimentation,with feedback-driven refinement.This work serves as a comprehensive reference and systematic roadmap for future research on solid-state electrolytes(SSEs).展开更多
In the rapidly evolving landscape of digital transformation and industrial integration,higher education faces the challenge of cultivating applied talents equipped with interdisciplinary knowledge,engineering skills,a...In the rapidly evolving landscape of digital transformation and industrial integration,higher education faces the challenge of cultivating applied talents equipped with interdisciplinary knowledge,engineering skills,and innovative thinking.Traditional teaching models often fail to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application,resulting in passive learning and limited problem-solving capabilities.This paper proposes a three-dimensional integrated teaching model centered on“Information Technology-Domain Knowledge-Outcome Production”(the“2+2+2”credit framework)to address these challenges.Drawing on constructivist theories,Bloom’s Taxonomy,and the CDIO model,the framework uses real projects to drive learning,facilitating the seamless integration of theoretical teaching and practical innovation.The model emphasizes tiered teaching objectives and interdisciplinary pathways,supported by dynamic assessment systems that track students’growth in knowledge,skills,and abilities.Applied in smart health and financial technology domains,this approach enhances students’comprehensive capabilities,aligning educational outcomes with industry demands.This study offers replicable strategies for educational reform in new engineering disciplines,aiming to transform students into proactive innovators and versatile talents.展开更多
The outstanding growth in the applications of large language models(LLMs)demonstrates the significance of adaptive and efficient prompt engineering tactics.The existing methods may not be variable,vigorous and streaml...The outstanding growth in the applications of large language models(LLMs)demonstrates the significance of adaptive and efficient prompt engineering tactics.The existing methods may not be variable,vigorous and streamlined in different domains.The offered study introduces an immediate optimization outline,named PROMPTx-PE,that is going to yield a greater level of precision and strength when it comes to the assignments that are premised on LLM.The proposed systemfeatures a timely selection schemewhich is informed by reinforcement learning,a contextual layer and a dynamic weighting module which is regulated by Lyapunov-based stability guidelines.The PROMPTx-PE dynamically varies the exploration and exploitation of the prompt space,depending on real-time feedback and multi-objective reward development.Extensive testing on both benchmark(GLUE,SuperGLUE)and domain-specific data(Healthcare-QA and Industrial-NER)demonstrates a large best performance to be 89.4%and a strong robustness disconnect with under 3%computation expense.The results confirm the effectiveness,consistency,and scalability of PROMPTx-PE as a platform of adaptive prompt engineering based on recent uses of LLMs.展开更多
Profile of Prof.Ning-Li Wang Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering(CAE)Member of the International Academy of Ophthalmology Director,Ophthalmology Center,Beijing Tongren Hospital Dean,School of Ophthalmolo...Profile of Prof.Ning-Li Wang Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering(CAE)Member of the International Academy of Ophthalmology Director,Ophthalmology Center,Beijing Tongren Hospital Dean,School of Ophthalmology,Capital Medical University Director,National Engineering Research Center for Ophthalmic Diagnosis and Treatment National Distinguished Physician Member,Academic Advisory Committee.展开更多
A growing global population and the increasing prevalence of diet-related health issues such as“hidden hunger”,obesity,hypertension,and diabetes necessitate a fundamental rethinking of crop design and breeding.Synth...A growing global population and the increasing prevalence of diet-related health issues such as“hidden hunger”,obesity,hypertension,and diabetes necessitate a fundamental rethinking of crop design and breeding.Synthetic metabolic engineering offers a method to modify and redesign metabolic pathways to increase the nutritional value of crops.We summarize recent advances in the biofortification of key nutrients including provitamin A,vitamin C,vitamin B9,iron,zinc,anthocyanins,flavonoids,and unsaturated fatty acids.We discuss the potential of multi-gene stacking,gene editing,enzyme engineering,and artificial intelligence in synthetic metabolic engineering.We propose future research directions and potential solutions centered on leveraging AI-driven systems biology,precision gene editing,enzyme engineering,agrobacterium-mediated genotype-independent transformation,and modular metabolic engineering strategies to develop next-generation nutritionally enhanced super crops and transform global food systems.展开更多
Throughout the contemporary Chinese history of geography,geographical engineering has consistently played a pivotal role as a fundamental scientific activity.It possesses its distinct ontological basis and value orien...Throughout the contemporary Chinese history of geography,geographical engineering has consistently played a pivotal role as a fundamental scientific activity.It possesses its distinct ontological basis and value orientation,rendering it inseparable from being merely a derivative of geographical science or technology.This paper defines geographical engineering and introduces its development history through the lens of Chinese geographical engineering praxises.Furthermore,it is highlighted the logical and functional consistency between the theory of human-earth system and the praxis of geographical engineering.Six modern cases of geographical engineering projects are presented in detail to demonstrate the points and characteristics of different types of modern geographical engineering.Geographical engineering serves as an engine for promoting integrated geography research,and in response to the challenge posed by fragmented geographies,this paper advocates for an urgent revitalization of geographical engineering.The feasibility of revitalizing geographical engineering is guaranteed because it aligns with China’s national strategies.展开更多
The use of alternative fuels to generate mechanical and thermal energy in engines is a promising and sought-after technological area with its own unique advantages and characteristics.Consequently,enhancing the techni...The use of alternative fuels to generate mechanical and thermal energy in engines is a promising and sought-after technological area with its own unique advantages and characteristics.Consequently,enhancing the technical,economic,and environmental efficiency of gas engines fueled by propane-butane mixture and syngas through optimized operating cycle parameters(including valve timing,ignition timing angle,fuel mixture composition,and compression ratio)is a pressing imperative for scientific and energy sectors.The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the performance of an engine with different compression ratios running on a propane-butane mixture and laboratory syngas.The research’s primary originality lies in its joint study of syngas production technology and the evaluation of the efficiency of a mini power plant fueled by the resulting gas and conventional gas.This article presents a description of the experimental setup,data on measuring instruments,technical characteristics of the mini-power plant,the process for obtaining laboratory syngas,the properties of the gaseous fuels used,and experimental methods.Data on air and fuel consumption,as well as engine efficiency at different compression ratios when running on a propane-butane mixture and syngas,were obtained and analyzed.Converting an engine from a propane-butane mixture to syngas results in a reduction in power of almost 30% and efficiency by 13%–33%.Increasing the compression ratio by 0.9 units causes a rise in maximum efficiency from 0.177 to 0.235 for an engine running on a propane-butane mixture and an increase in maximum efficiency from 0.136 to 0.161 for a syngas engine.It has been confirmed that the compression ratio significantly impacts the technical and economic performance of an engine running on gaseous fuel.The obtained results can be used to modernize existing engines for operation on alternative fuels(syngas)and to design new mini-power plants with promising technical,economic,and environmental characteristics.展开更多
Electrocatalytic nitric oxide(NO)reduction reaction(NORR)is a promising and sustainable process that can simultaneously realize green ammonia(NH3)synthesis and hazardous NO removal.However,current NORR performances ar...Electrocatalytic nitric oxide(NO)reduction reaction(NORR)is a promising and sustainable process that can simultaneously realize green ammonia(NH3)synthesis and hazardous NO removal.However,current NORR performances are far from practical needs due to the lack of efficient electrocatalysts.Engineering the lattice of metal-based nanomaterials via phase control has emerged as an effective strategy to modulate their intrinsic electrocatalytic properties.Herein,we realize boron(B)-insertion-induced phase regulation of rhodium(Rh)nanocrystals to obtain amorphous Rh_(4)B nanoparticles(NPs)and hexagonal close-packed(hcp)RhB NPs through a facile wet-chemical method.A high Faradaic efficiency(92.1±1.2%)and NH_(3) yield rate(629.5±11.0μmol h^(−1) cm^(−2))are achieved over hcp RhB NPs,far superior to those of most reported NORR nanocatalysts.In situ spectro-electrochemical analysis and density functional theory simulations reveal that the excellent electrocatalytic performances of hcp RhB NPs are attributed to the upshift of d-band center,enhanced NO adsorption/activation profile,and greatly reduced energy barrier of the rate-determining step.A demonstrative Zn-NO battery is assembled using hcp RhB NPs as the cathode and delivers a peak power density of 4.33 mW cm−2,realizing simultaneous NO removal,NH3 synthesis,and electricity output.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1100300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22108097)+2 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2022850)Taihu Innovation-Leading Talent of Wuxi City(1026010241230040)Cross-Integration Innovation Funding of SFST(SFST2023-KY-10).
文摘Lacto-N-neotetraose(LNn T)is a crucial neutral core human milk oligosaccharide(HMO).In this study,we established a LNn T-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell factory through comprehensive metabolic engineering.Specifically,the de novo biosynthetic pathway of LNn T was assembled by heterologously expressing the lactose permease(lac12)from Kluyveromyces lactis and the glycosyltransferase from Neisseria meningitidis in S.cerevisiae.Subsequently,carbon source regulation based on the glucose-sensitive GAL regulatory system was employed to optimize the expression time of heterologous genes,achieving a production of 15.61 mg/L of LNn T in shake-flask fermentation.In addition,the key rate-limiting steps involved in LNn T synthesis pathway were identified and the corresponding genes were overexpressed to enhance LNn T production,resulting in an 8-fold increase in LNn T titer compared to that of parental strain.To our knowledge,this is the first report on LNn T biosynthesis in S.cerevisiae,opening up the possibility of green production of LNn T using food-safe microorganisms.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1103000 and 2021YFA1302000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82572106,82125017,and 92359302)+7 种基金Guangdong Province Youth Top Talent Special Pillar Program 2024,Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2314050001076)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2023A1515011033,2024B1515040006,and 2025A1515012431)Guangdong Major Project of Basic Research(Grant No.2023B0303000018)Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant No.2025B03J0063)Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2025ZD0544000)Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Diseases(Grant No.2023B110005)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(Grant No.2024A04J6568)New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the New Cornerstone Investigator Program,and XPLORER PRIZE.
文摘Objective:This study was aimed at investigating metabolic dysregulation in tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)in breast cancer and developing a metabolically enhanced chimeric antigen receptor macrophage(CAR-M)strategy to boost antitumor potency in solid tumors.Methods:Integrated scRNA-seq and metabolomic analyses were performed to characterize metabolic alterations in macrophages within the breast cancer tumor microenvironment(TME).According to the identified metabolic vulnerabilities,SLC38A2-overexpressing anti-HER2 CAR-Ms were engineered.Glutamine uptake and phagocytic activity were assessed to evaluate functional enhancement.Results:TAMs in breast cancer exhibited substantial metabolic dysregulation,particularly impaired glutamine metabolism accompanied by decreased expression of the glutamine transporter SLC38A2.Overexpression of SLC38A2 in anti-HER2 CAR-Ms,compared with conventional anti-HER2 CAR-Ms,enhanced glutamine uptake and markedly augmented phagocytosis of HER2+breast cancer cells.Conclusions:Metabolic engineering via SLC38A2 restored glutamine fitness and enhanced the antitumor activity of HER2-targeted CAR-Ms,thus providing a promising strategy to boost CAR-M–mediated tumor suppression in solid tumors.
基金supported in part by the Graduate Education Reform Research Project of Hubei University of Technology under Grant 2024YB003the Hubei University of Arts and Science,Teaching Research Project,under Grant JY2025018.
文摘The rapid development of new-quality productive forces(NQPF)has intensified the demand for high-level innovative talent.As a representative of NQPF,generative artificial intelligence(GenAI)offers powerful tools to reshape talent cultivation but also presents significant challenges,including skill hollowing,ethical risks,and a growing disconnect between education and industry needs.Currently,graduate-level software engineering education struggles with outdated curricula and insufficient alignment with practical demands.In this paper,we propose a dual-core collaborative framework driven by“GenAI technology”and“industry demand”.Under this framework,we design a four-dimensional capability development path to enhance graduate students’innovation in software engineering practice.This path focuses on①scientific research innovation,②engineering problem-solving,③cross-domain collaborative evolution,and④ethical risk governance.The proposed approach promotes a shift from traditional knowledge transfer to human-machine collaborative innovation,aligning talent cultivation with the demands of the NQPF.
基金financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (62504130)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFB0704100)+3 种基金the Key university laboratory of highly efficient utilization of solar energy and sustainable development of Guangdong (Y01256331)the Technology Development Project of Henan Province (252102240047)the Pico Center at SUSTech CRF which receives support from the Presidential FundDevelopment and Reform Commission of Shenzhen Municipality
文摘Two-step-processed(TSP)inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have demonstrated significant promise in tandem applications.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of TSP p-i-n PSCs rarely exceeds 24%.Here,we demonstrate that TSP perovskite films exhibit a vertically gradient distribution of residual PbI_(2)clusters,which form Schottky heterojunctions with the perovskite,leading to substantial interfacial energy-level mismatches within NiO_(x)-based TSP p-i-n PSCs.These limitations were effectively addressed via a vertical interfacial engineering enabled by dual-interface modification incorporating tin trifluoromethanesulfonate(Sn(OTF)_(2))and 4-Fluorophenylethylamine chloride(F-PEA)at the NiO_(x)/perovskite and perovskite/C60 interfaces,respectively.The functional Sn(OTF)_(2)not only enhances the conductivity of NiO_(x)films but also suppresses ion migration,while inducing the formation of a Pb-Sn mixed perovskite interlayer that precisely regulates the energy level at the NiO_(x)/perovskite interface.Complementally,F-PEA post-treatment effectively converts surface residual PbI_(2)clusters into a 2D perovskite capping layer,which simultaneously passivates surface defects and enhances energy-level alignment at the perovskite/C60 interface.Consequently,the optimized NiO_(x)-based TSP p-i-n PSCs achieve a notable PCE of 25.6%with superior operational stability.This study elucidates the underlying mechanisms limiting the efficiency of TSP p-i-n PSCs,while establishing design principles for these devices targeting 26%efficiency.
基金supported in part by Joint Education Base Project for Postgraduates of Guangdong(866[2024]1-032)Joint Education Project for Postgraduates of Foshan Base(2023FCXM004)+1 种基金Teaching Reformation Projects of South China Normal University([2023]71,027,039,099,191)Selected Projects of the“Challenge-Based Leadership”Action Plan([2025]6,19,20,21).
文摘Software engineering has been embraced by almost all industries to promote work efficiency,improve user experience or cut cost.In line with this,the education on software engineering should be made more adaptable to meet the needs of industries.Industry-university-research(IUR)collaboration project,which was initially designed to reinforce the association between universities and enterprises,brought added value to this end.In this paper,an IUR collaboration project on tele-rehabilitation is presented as an example for education practice,where emphasis is laid on the ways of analyzing users’needs,converting users’needs to infrastructure design,decomposing a project into tasks,etc.The project had been used as both student assignments and case studies in software engineering courses,where students were motivated to deal with real medical problems from an engineering perspective.It was shown that by introducing the IUR collaboration project,it helped the students to build up engineering-oriented mindset besides improving their R&D ability on software engineering.
基金CHINA POSTDOCTORAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION(Grant No.2025M771925)Young Scientists Fund(C Class)(Grant No.32501636)Special Fund of Fundamental Scientific Research Business Expense for Higher School of Central Government(Grant No.2572025JT04).
文摘This paper introduces a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called the Gekko japonicus algorithm.The algo-rithm draws inspiration mainly from the predation strategies and survival behaviors of the Gekko japonicus.The math-ematical model is developed by simulating various biological behaviors of the Gekko japonicus,such as hybrid loco-motion patterns,directional olfactory guidance,implicit group advantage tendencies,and the tail autotomy mechanism.By integrating multi-stage mutual constraints and dynamically adjusting parameters,GJA maintains an optimal balance between global exploration and local exploitation,thereby effectively solving complex optimization problems.To assess the performance of GJA,comparative analyses were performed against fourteen state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms using the CEC2017 and CEC2022 benchmark test sets.Additionally,a Friedman test was performed on the experimen-tal results to assess the statistical significance of differences between various algorithms.And GJA was evaluated using multiple qualitative indicators,further confirming its superiority in exploration and exploitation.Finally,GJA was utilized to solve four engineering optimization problems and further implemented in robotic path planning to verify its practical applicability.Experimental results indicate that,compared to other high-performance algorithms,GJA demonstrates excep-tional performance as a powerful optimization algorithm in complex optimization problems.We make the code publicly available at:https://github.com/zhy1109/Gekko-japonicusalgorithm.
基金the financial support from International Society of Engineering Science and Technology(ISEST)UK。
文摘The conversion of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into hydrocarbons through electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR)shows a promising method to reduce CO_(2)levels and decrease reliance on fossil fuels in the years to come.Copper-based electrocatalysts exhibit a pronounced inclination for C-C coupling,drawing considerable interest as a favored metal catalyst for generating C_(2+)products through CO_(2)RR.However,CO_(2)RR still has some obstacles including product selectivity,higher overpotential,low Faradic efficiency(FE),stability,and current density(CD).Therefore,advancement in this field enables us to comprehend the complex multi-proton electron transfer during C-C coupling and engineering strategies to improve FE and CD.Herein,this review presents some key features of Cu-based catalysts as an electrocatalyst for C_(2) product formation while addressing the industrial challenges that hinder commercialization of CO_(2)RR.In addition,recent strategies on Cu-based catalysts,synthesis strategies,advanced characterizations,and mechanistic investigations via theoretical simulations have been presented.Furthermore,recent approaches towards the composition,oxidation states,and active facets have been presented.Thus,the most favorable mechanism and possible pathways to synthesize C_(2+)products have been explained using theoretical calculations.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52076076, 52006065)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (2025JC003)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (3242022)
文摘In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of this development.Inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISSEs)are the core components of sodium batteries;however,they face significant challenges such as insufficient ionic conductivity,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth,all of which severely hinder practical application.This review critically assesses experimental protocols and theoretical frameworks related to mainstream ISSEs and systematizes optimization strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges.Leveraging integrated insights from both experimental and computational studies,the review first categorizes and summarizes the primary types of ISSEs,namely oxide-,sulfide-,and halide-based electrolytes.It then details interfacial optimization strategies focused on addressing three core interfacial issues:ion transport barriers resulting from mechanical incompatibility,side reactions stemming from electrochemical mismatch,and dendrite formation.Finally,the review advocates prioritizing in-depth research that integrates experimental and theoretical approaches to establish a closed-loop methodology encompassing predictive design,multiscale investigation,mechanistic exploration,and high-throughput automated experimentation,with feedback-driven refinement.This work serves as a comprehensive reference and systematic roadmap for future research on solid-state electrolytes(SSEs).
文摘In the rapidly evolving landscape of digital transformation and industrial integration,higher education faces the challenge of cultivating applied talents equipped with interdisciplinary knowledge,engineering skills,and innovative thinking.Traditional teaching models often fail to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application,resulting in passive learning and limited problem-solving capabilities.This paper proposes a three-dimensional integrated teaching model centered on“Information Technology-Domain Knowledge-Outcome Production”(the“2+2+2”credit framework)to address these challenges.Drawing on constructivist theories,Bloom’s Taxonomy,and the CDIO model,the framework uses real projects to drive learning,facilitating the seamless integration of theoretical teaching and practical innovation.The model emphasizes tiered teaching objectives and interdisciplinary pathways,supported by dynamic assessment systems that track students’growth in knowledge,skills,and abilities.Applied in smart health and financial technology domains,this approach enhances students’comprehensive capabilities,aligning educational outcomes with industry demands.This study offers replicable strategies for educational reform in new engineering disciplines,aiming to transform students into proactive innovators and versatile talents.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Council(NSTC),Taiwan,under grant number 114-2221-E-182-041-MY3by Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital under project number NERPD4Q0021.
文摘The outstanding growth in the applications of large language models(LLMs)demonstrates the significance of adaptive and efficient prompt engineering tactics.The existing methods may not be variable,vigorous and streamlined in different domains.The offered study introduces an immediate optimization outline,named PROMPTx-PE,that is going to yield a greater level of precision and strength when it comes to the assignments that are premised on LLM.The proposed systemfeatures a timely selection schemewhich is informed by reinforcement learning,a contextual layer and a dynamic weighting module which is regulated by Lyapunov-based stability guidelines.The PROMPTx-PE dynamically varies the exploration and exploitation of the prompt space,depending on real-time feedback and multi-objective reward development.Extensive testing on both benchmark(GLUE,SuperGLUE)and domain-specific data(Healthcare-QA and Industrial-NER)demonstrates a large best performance to be 89.4%and a strong robustness disconnect with under 3%computation expense.The results confirm the effectiveness,consistency,and scalability of PROMPTx-PE as a platform of adaptive prompt engineering based on recent uses of LLMs.
文摘Profile of Prof.Ning-Li Wang Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering(CAE)Member of the International Academy of Ophthalmology Director,Ophthalmology Center,Beijing Tongren Hospital Dean,School of Ophthalmology,Capital Medical University Director,National Engineering Research Center for Ophthalmic Diagnosis and Treatment National Distinguished Physician Member,Academic Advisory Committee.
基金supported by grants from the Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project(GKAA24206023)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD04077)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272120)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF1000800)the Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Precise Breeding of Future Crops Major Project(FCBRCE-202502,FCBRCE-202504).
文摘A growing global population and the increasing prevalence of diet-related health issues such as“hidden hunger”,obesity,hypertension,and diabetes necessitate a fundamental rethinking of crop design and breeding.Synthetic metabolic engineering offers a method to modify and redesign metabolic pathways to increase the nutritional value of crops.We summarize recent advances in the biofortification of key nutrients including provitamin A,vitamin C,vitamin B9,iron,zinc,anthocyanins,flavonoids,and unsaturated fatty acids.We discuss the potential of multi-gene stacking,gene editing,enzyme engineering,and artificial intelligence in synthetic metabolic engineering.We propose future research directions and potential solutions centered on leveraging AI-driven systems biology,precision gene editing,enzyme engineering,agrobacterium-mediated genotype-independent transformation,and modular metabolic engineering strategies to develop next-generation nutritionally enhanced super crops and transform global food systems.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42293270)。
文摘Throughout the contemporary Chinese history of geography,geographical engineering has consistently played a pivotal role as a fundamental scientific activity.It possesses its distinct ontological basis and value orientation,rendering it inseparable from being merely a derivative of geographical science or technology.This paper defines geographical engineering and introduces its development history through the lens of Chinese geographical engineering praxises.Furthermore,it is highlighted the logical and functional consistency between the theory of human-earth system and the praxis of geographical engineering.Six modern cases of geographical engineering projects are presented in detail to demonstrate the points and characteristics of different types of modern geographical engineering.Geographical engineering serves as an engine for promoting integrated geography research,and in response to the challenge posed by fragmented geographies,this paper advocates for an urgent revitalization of geographical engineering.The feasibility of revitalizing geographical engineering is guaranteed because it aligns with China’s national strategies.
文摘The use of alternative fuels to generate mechanical and thermal energy in engines is a promising and sought-after technological area with its own unique advantages and characteristics.Consequently,enhancing the technical,economic,and environmental efficiency of gas engines fueled by propane-butane mixture and syngas through optimized operating cycle parameters(including valve timing,ignition timing angle,fuel mixture composition,and compression ratio)is a pressing imperative for scientific and energy sectors.The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the performance of an engine with different compression ratios running on a propane-butane mixture and laboratory syngas.The research’s primary originality lies in its joint study of syngas production technology and the evaluation of the efficiency of a mini power plant fueled by the resulting gas and conventional gas.This article presents a description of the experimental setup,data on measuring instruments,technical characteristics of the mini-power plant,the process for obtaining laboratory syngas,the properties of the gaseous fuels used,and experimental methods.Data on air and fuel consumption,as well as engine efficiency at different compression ratios when running on a propane-butane mixture and syngas,were obtained and analyzed.Converting an engine from a propane-butane mixture to syngas results in a reduction in power of almost 30% and efficiency by 13%–33%.Increasing the compression ratio by 0.9 units causes a rise in maximum efficiency from 0.177 to 0.235 for an engine running on a propane-butane mixture and an increase in maximum efficiency from 0.136 to 0.161 for a syngas engine.It has been confirmed that the compression ratio significantly impacts the technical and economic performance of an engine running on gaseous fuel.The obtained results can be used to modernize existing engines for operation on alternative fuels(syngas)and to design new mini-power plants with promising technical,economic,and environmental characteristics.
基金funding support from General Research Fund[Project No.14300525]from the Research Grants Council(RGC)of Hong Kong SAR,Chinafunding support from Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Young Scientists Fund(Project No.22305203)+2 种基金NSFC Projects Nos.22309123,22422303,22303011,22033002,92261112 and U21A20328support from the Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center(NPMM)at City University of Hong Kongsupport from Young Collaborative Research Grant[Project No.C1003-23Y]support from RGC of Hong Kong SAR,China.
文摘Electrocatalytic nitric oxide(NO)reduction reaction(NORR)is a promising and sustainable process that can simultaneously realize green ammonia(NH3)synthesis and hazardous NO removal.However,current NORR performances are far from practical needs due to the lack of efficient electrocatalysts.Engineering the lattice of metal-based nanomaterials via phase control has emerged as an effective strategy to modulate their intrinsic electrocatalytic properties.Herein,we realize boron(B)-insertion-induced phase regulation of rhodium(Rh)nanocrystals to obtain amorphous Rh_(4)B nanoparticles(NPs)and hexagonal close-packed(hcp)RhB NPs through a facile wet-chemical method.A high Faradaic efficiency(92.1±1.2%)and NH_(3) yield rate(629.5±11.0μmol h^(−1) cm^(−2))are achieved over hcp RhB NPs,far superior to those of most reported NORR nanocatalysts.In situ spectro-electrochemical analysis and density functional theory simulations reveal that the excellent electrocatalytic performances of hcp RhB NPs are attributed to the upshift of d-band center,enhanced NO adsorption/activation profile,and greatly reduced energy barrier of the rate-determining step.A demonstrative Zn-NO battery is assembled using hcp RhB NPs as the cathode and delivers a peak power density of 4.33 mW cm−2,realizing simultaneous NO removal,NH3 synthesis,and electricity output.
