In Western countries, clinical trials on prostate cancer screening demonstrated a limited benefit for patient survival. In the Asia-Pacific region, including Japan, the rate of prostate-specific antigen （PSA） testin...In Western countries, clinical trials on prostate cancer screening demonstrated a limited benefit for patient survival. In the Asia-Pacific region, including Japan, the rate of prostate-specific antigen （PSA） testing remains very low compared with Western countries, and the benefits of population-based screening remain unclear. This review describes the current status of population screening and diagnosis for prostate cancer in Japan and discusses the efficacy of population screening for the Asian population. Since the 1990s, screening systems have been administered by each municipal government in Japan, and decreases in the prostate cancer mortality rate are expected in some regions where the exposure rate to PSA screening has increased markedly. A population-based screening cohort revealed that the proportion of metastatic disease in cancer detected by screening gradually decreased according to the increased exposure rate, and a decreasing trend in the proportion of cancer with high serum PSA levels after population screening was started. The prognosis of the prostate cancer detected by population screening was demonstrated to be more favorable than those diagnosed outside of the population screening. Recent results in screening cohorts demonstrated the efficacy of PSA. These recent evidences regarding population-based screening in Japan may contribute to establishing the optimal prostate cancer screeninK system in Asian individuals.展开更多
The main proteases(M^(pro)s)are hydrolases playing essential roles in the replication ofβ-coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2.Herein,a highly efficient strategy was developed for discovering the M^(pro)inactivators fr...The main proteases(M^(pro)s)are hydrolases playing essential roles in the replication ofβ-coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2.Herein,a highly efficient strategy was developed for discovering the M^(pro)inactivators from crude plant extract integrating target-based biochemical assay and chemoproteomic approaches.Firstly,Pu-erh tea was found to potently suppress SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)in a time-dependent manner.Next,global chemical analysis coupling with peptide-modification profiling were used to identify the cysteine-modified constituents in Pu-erh tea.The results suggested that seven constituents in Pu-erh tea could modify SARSCoV-2 M^(pro),which turned out that epigallocatechin,gallocatechin and gallic acid were the most efficacious M^(pro)inactivators.Further investigations demonstrated that epigallocatechin and gallocatechin could inactivate S ARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)via blocking the formation of the homodimers.Collectively,this work proposed a novel and practical strategy for highly efficient discovery of time-dependent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)from plant extracts,while 3 constituents in Pu-erh tea have emerged as robust SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)inactivators.展开更多
文摘In Western countries, clinical trials on prostate cancer screening demonstrated a limited benefit for patient survival. In the Asia-Pacific region, including Japan, the rate of prostate-specific antigen （PSA） testing remains very low compared with Western countries, and the benefits of population-based screening remain unclear. This review describes the current status of population screening and diagnosis for prostate cancer in Japan and discusses the efficacy of population screening for the Asian population. Since the 1990s, screening systems have been administered by each municipal government in Japan, and decreases in the prostate cancer mortality rate are expected in some regions where the exposure rate to PSA screening has increased markedly. A population-based screening cohort revealed that the proportion of metastatic disease in cancer detected by screening gradually decreased according to the increased exposure rate, and a decreasing trend in the proportion of cancer with high serum PSA levels after population screening was started. The prognosis of the prostate cancer detected by population screening was demonstrated to be more favorable than those diagnosed outside of the population screening. Recent results in screening cohorts demonstrated the efficacy of PSA. These recent evidences regarding population-based screening in Japan may contribute to establishing the optimal prostate cancer screeninK system in Asian individuals.
基金the supporting of Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plans(21S21900600,20S21901500,20S21900900)supported by Shanghai Science and Technology Committee+5 种基金the NSF of China(82273897,81922070,81973286,82104281,82173798)the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYCXTDD-202004)the Three-year Action Plan for Shanghai TCM Development and Inheritance Program(ZY(2021-2023)-0401)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission’s TCM Research Project(2022CX005)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(ZD2021CY001)Excellent Doctoral Student Cultivation Projects in Key Fields(GJ2022012)。
文摘The main proteases(M^(pro)s)are hydrolases playing essential roles in the replication ofβ-coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2.Herein,a highly efficient strategy was developed for discovering the M^(pro)inactivators from crude plant extract integrating target-based biochemical assay and chemoproteomic approaches.Firstly,Pu-erh tea was found to potently suppress SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)in a time-dependent manner.Next,global chemical analysis coupling with peptide-modification profiling were used to identify the cysteine-modified constituents in Pu-erh tea.The results suggested that seven constituents in Pu-erh tea could modify SARSCoV-2 M^(pro),which turned out that epigallocatechin,gallocatechin and gallic acid were the most efficacious M^(pro)inactivators.Further investigations demonstrated that epigallocatechin and gallocatechin could inactivate S ARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)via blocking the formation of the homodimers.Collectively,this work proposed a novel and practical strategy for highly efficient discovery of time-dependent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)from plant extracts,while 3 constituents in Pu-erh tea have emerged as robust SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)inactivators.
