In Western countries, clinical trials on prostate cancer screening demonstrated a limited benefit for patient survival. In the Asia-Pacific region, including Japan, the rate of prostate-specific antigen （PSA） testin...In Western countries, clinical trials on prostate cancer screening demonstrated a limited benefit for patient survival. In the Asia-Pacific region, including Japan, the rate of prostate-specific antigen （PSA） testing remains very low compared with Western countries, and the benefits of population-based screening remain unclear. This review describes the current status of population screening and diagnosis for prostate cancer in Japan and discusses the efficacy of population screening for the Asian population. Since the 1990s, screening systems have been administered by each municipal government in Japan, and decreases in the prostate cancer mortality rate are expected in some regions where the exposure rate to PSA screening has increased markedly. A population-based screening cohort revealed that the proportion of metastatic disease in cancer detected by screening gradually decreased according to the increased exposure rate, and a decreasing trend in the proportion of cancer with high serum PSA levels after population screening was started. The prognosis of the prostate cancer detected by population screening was demonstrated to be more favorable than those diagnosed outside of the population screening. Recent results in screening cohorts demonstrated the efficacy of PSA. These recent evidences regarding population-based screening in Japan may contribute to establishing the optimal prostate cancer screeninK system in Asian individuals.展开更多
The main proteases(M^(pro)s)are hydrolases playing essential roles in the replication ofβ-coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2.Herein,a highly efficient strategy was developed for discovering the M^(pro)inactivators fr...The main proteases(M^(pro)s)are hydrolases playing essential roles in the replication ofβ-coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2.Herein,a highly efficient strategy was developed for discovering the M^(pro)inactivators from crude plant extract integrating target-based biochemical assay and chemoproteomic approaches.Firstly,Pu-erh tea was found to potently suppress SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)in a time-dependent manner.Next,global chemical analysis coupling with peptide-modification profiling were used to identify the cysteine-modified constituents in Pu-erh tea.The results suggested that seven constituents in Pu-erh tea could modify SARSCoV-2 M^(pro),which turned out that epigallocatechin,gallocatechin and gallic acid were the most efficacious M^(pro)inactivators.Further investigations demonstrated that epigallocatechin and gallocatechin could inactivate S ARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)via blocking the formation of the homodimers.Collectively,this work proposed a novel and practical strategy for highly efficient discovery of time-dependent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)from plant extracts,while 3 constituents in Pu-erh tea have emerged as robust SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)inactivators.展开更多
目的探究PROS1基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与包头地区汉族人群复发性流产(RSA)发生风险之间的相关性。方法选取RSA患者及对照人群各158例作为研究对象,测定蛋白S、蛋白C、抗凝血酶-Ⅲ活性;使用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RF...目的探究PROS1基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与包头地区汉族人群复发性流产(RSA)发生风险之间的相关性。方法选取RSA患者及对照人群各158例作为研究对象,测定蛋白S、蛋白C、抗凝血酶-Ⅲ活性;使用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术对PROS1基因rs13062355、rs6441600和rs12634349位点进行基因分型。采用非条件性Logistic回归分析PROS1基因三种SNP与RSA发生风险的相关性。结果RSA患者的蛋白S、抗凝血酶-Ⅲ活性下降(P<0.05);PROS1 SNP rs13062355在显性模型下与RSA发病风险相关:与携带TT基因型患者比较,携带CT+CC基因型的患者RSA发病风险下降(OR=0.398,95%CI:0.249~0.638)。SNP rs6441600、rs12634349与RSA的发病风险无关联。在PROS1 rs13062355、rs6441600、rs12634349构建的单体型中,单体型C-C-C在两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三阶交互模型rs13062355-rs6441600-rs12634349与RSA发病风险相关。结论PROS1 SNP rs13062355可能与包头地区汉族女性RSA患病风险相关;PROS1 rs13062355、rs6441600、rs12634349的单体型C-C-C降低了RSA发病风险;三阶模型rs13062355-rs6441600-rs12634349的交互作用在RSA的发生中具有协同效应。展开更多
文摘In Western countries, clinical trials on prostate cancer screening demonstrated a limited benefit for patient survival. In the Asia-Pacific region, including Japan, the rate of prostate-specific antigen （PSA） testing remains very low compared with Western countries, and the benefits of population-based screening remain unclear. This review describes the current status of population screening and diagnosis for prostate cancer in Japan and discusses the efficacy of population screening for the Asian population. Since the 1990s, screening systems have been administered by each municipal government in Japan, and decreases in the prostate cancer mortality rate are expected in some regions where the exposure rate to PSA screening has increased markedly. A population-based screening cohort revealed that the proportion of metastatic disease in cancer detected by screening gradually decreased according to the increased exposure rate, and a decreasing trend in the proportion of cancer with high serum PSA levels after population screening was started. The prognosis of the prostate cancer detected by population screening was demonstrated to be more favorable than those diagnosed outside of the population screening. Recent results in screening cohorts demonstrated the efficacy of PSA. These recent evidences regarding population-based screening in Japan may contribute to establishing the optimal prostate cancer screeninK system in Asian individuals.
基金the supporting of Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plans(21S21900600,20S21901500,20S21900900)supported by Shanghai Science and Technology Committee+5 种基金the NSF of China(82273897,81922070,81973286,82104281,82173798)the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYCXTDD-202004)the Three-year Action Plan for Shanghai TCM Development and Inheritance Program(ZY(2021-2023)-0401)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission’s TCM Research Project(2022CX005)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(ZD2021CY001)Excellent Doctoral Student Cultivation Projects in Key Fields(GJ2022012)。
文摘The main proteases(M^(pro)s)are hydrolases playing essential roles in the replication ofβ-coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2.Herein,a highly efficient strategy was developed for discovering the M^(pro)inactivators from crude plant extract integrating target-based biochemical assay and chemoproteomic approaches.Firstly,Pu-erh tea was found to potently suppress SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)in a time-dependent manner.Next,global chemical analysis coupling with peptide-modification profiling were used to identify the cysteine-modified constituents in Pu-erh tea.The results suggested that seven constituents in Pu-erh tea could modify SARSCoV-2 M^(pro),which turned out that epigallocatechin,gallocatechin and gallic acid were the most efficacious M^(pro)inactivators.Further investigations demonstrated that epigallocatechin and gallocatechin could inactivate S ARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)via blocking the formation of the homodimers.Collectively,this work proposed a novel and practical strategy for highly efficient discovery of time-dependent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)from plant extracts,while 3 constituents in Pu-erh tea have emerged as robust SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)inactivators.
文摘目的探究PROS1基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与包头地区汉族人群复发性流产(RSA)发生风险之间的相关性。方法选取RSA患者及对照人群各158例作为研究对象,测定蛋白S、蛋白C、抗凝血酶-Ⅲ活性;使用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术对PROS1基因rs13062355、rs6441600和rs12634349位点进行基因分型。采用非条件性Logistic回归分析PROS1基因三种SNP与RSA发生风险的相关性。结果RSA患者的蛋白S、抗凝血酶-Ⅲ活性下降(P<0.05);PROS1 SNP rs13062355在显性模型下与RSA发病风险相关:与携带TT基因型患者比较,携带CT+CC基因型的患者RSA发病风险下降(OR=0.398,95%CI:0.249~0.638)。SNP rs6441600、rs12634349与RSA的发病风险无关联。在PROS1 rs13062355、rs6441600、rs12634349构建的单体型中,单体型C-C-C在两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三阶交互模型rs13062355-rs6441600-rs12634349与RSA发病风险相关。结论PROS1 SNP rs13062355可能与包头地区汉族女性RSA患病风险相关;PROS1 rs13062355、rs6441600、rs12634349的单体型C-C-C降低了RSA发病风险;三阶模型rs13062355-rs6441600-rs12634349的交互作用在RSA的发生中具有协同效应。
