In this study, indoor air quality （IAQ） assessments were carried out in a screen printing facility. The air sampling was conducted in press department, including two different types of screen printing machines： sem...In this study, indoor air quality （IAQ） assessments were carried out in a screen printing facility. The air sampling was conducted in press department, including two different types of screen printing machines： semi-automatic and automatic. Air samples were collected and analyzed in situ for 4 times, once per 2 hours, during working time of 8 hours. Analysis of the experimental data showed that ambient ozone concentrations slowly increases with the increasing of TVOCs concentration and intensive use of UV lamps during automatic screen printing process. Therefore, the detected concentration levels of ozone and VOCs were compared with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration （OSHA） and Serbian Regulation. Comparison of the two mentioned standard regulations, the ozone concentrations in indoor printing air were from 0.83 to 8.1 and 2.4 to 16.2 times higher in the relation to the prescribed PEL and maximum allowed concentration （MAC） values, respectively, while the concentrations of particular VOCs were much below the PEL prescribed by the OSHA.展开更多
Al electrodes are well known as ohmic contact electrodes for the PTC component , the influence of their thickness on final component properties was investigated by comparing their ohmic characteristics with the ones ...Al electrodes are well known as ohmic contact electrodes for the PTC component , the influence of their thickness on final component properties was investigated by comparing their ohmic characteristics with the ones of InGa electrodes . After observing the Al paste physical and chemical behaviors during rising temperature by thermal analysis (DTA), the firing operation of Al electrodes could be divided into three main subsections: the temperature rising time (t-r), the peak firing temperature (T-p) and the hold time at peak firing temperature (t-h). The effects of these three parameters on final component properties were discussed in detail.展开更多
The simultaneous removal of ethyl acetate, benzene and toluene with relatively low or high initial concentration is studied using a laboratory scale gliding arc gas discharge (GA) reactor. Good decomposition efficienc...The simultaneous removal of ethyl acetate, benzene and toluene with relatively low or high initial concentration is studied using a laboratory scale gliding arc gas discharge (GA) reactor. Good decomposition efficiencies are obtained which proves that the GA is effective for the treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with either low or high concentration. A theoretical decomposition mechanism is proposed based on detection of the species in the plasma region and analysis of the decomposition by-products. This preliminary investigation reveals that the GA has potential to be applied to the treatment of exhaust air during color printing and coating works, by either direct removal or combination with activated carbon adsorption/desorption process.展开更多
This study investigated the resilience of traditional concrete dams compared to 3D printed concrete dams(3DPC)when subjected to debris flow.Three types of dams,namely check dams,arch dams,and curve dams,were numerical...This study investigated the resilience of traditional concrete dams compared to 3D printed concrete dams(3DPC)when subjected to debris flow.Three types of dams,namely check dams,arch dams,and curve dams,were numerically analyzed using a three-dimensional Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian(CEL)methodology.The research focused on critical factors such as impact force and viscous energy dissipation to compare dam performance.Additionally,the study examined the printing and service phases of 3DPC models,determining potential failure modes and analyzing printing parameters.The results demonstrated that 3DPC dams outperformed traditional concrete dams,with filament deposition orientation,perpendicular to the debris flow direction,identified as a pivotal factor.Infill percentage and pattern were also found to influence the behavior of 3DPC models.Notably,curved dams exhibited superior performance based on dam geometry.These findings have significant potential for advancing the development of resilient dam structures capable of withstanding debris flow impacts.展开更多
This paper describes the preparation and properties of TiN_x-SiO_2 double-layered antireflective(AR) coatings that were applied with print process. The coating material was analyzed and TiN_x was used instead of TiO_2...This paper describes the preparation and properties of TiN_x-SiO_2 double-layered antireflective(AR) coatings that were applied with print process. The coating material was analyzed and TiN_x was used instead of TiO_2 as high refractive material. The influence of solution concentration on AR property was studied. The testing result shows that the coatings using print process are featured with excellent mechanical property and the AR property is comparable to American Southwall AR product. It is expected that the study would promote the industrialization progress in AR coatings.展开更多
In recent years,the field of 3D printing has heavily relied on expert knowledge and complex trial-and-error procedures to determine appropriate printing parameters that meet desired consumption specifications.This stu...In recent years,the field of 3D printing has heavily relied on expert knowledge and complex trial-and-error procedures to determine appropriate printing parameters that meet desired consumption specifications.This study introduces a novel method for predicting 10 printing parameters based on 7 geometric features and 3 target consumption constraints(time,length,weight).Rather than using a traditional autoencoder model,we implement a variant that combines a reverse model with a forward-pretrained model.The forward model,pre-trained using XGBoost,predicts the 3 target consumption parameters from the 7 geometric features and 10 printing parameters.The reverse model then generates the 10 printing parameters from the 7 geometric features and the desired 3 consumption constraints.Through staged training and optimized loss function adjustments,our model achieves an R2 of 0.9567,demonstrating its precise predictive capabilities and potential to optimize the 3D printing process while reducing reliance on expert intervention.展开更多
Miniaturization and flexibility are becoming the trend in the development of electronic products. These key features are driving new methods in the manufacturing of such products. Printed electronics technology is a n...Miniaturization and flexibility are becoming the trend in the development of electronic products. These key features are driving new methods in the manufacturing of such products. Printed electronics technology is a novel additive manufacturing technique that uses active inks to print onto a diverse set of substrates, realizing large-area, low-cost, flexible and green manufacturing of electronic products. These advantageous properties make it extremely compatible with flexible electronics fabrication and extend as far as offering revolutionary methods in the production of flexible electronic devices. In this paper, the details of a printing process system are introduced, including the materials that can be employed as inks, common substrates, and the most recently reported printing strategies. An assessment of future setbacks and developments of printed flexible electronics is also presented.展开更多
The distributed and customized 3D printing can be realized by 3D printing services in a cloud manufacturing environment.As a growing number of 3D printers are becoming accessible on various 3D printing service platfor...The distributed and customized 3D printing can be realized by 3D printing services in a cloud manufacturing environment.As a growing number of 3D printers are becoming accessible on various 3D printing service platforms,there raises the concern over the validation of virtual product designs and their manufacturing procedures for novices as well as users with 3D printing experience before physical products are produced through the cloud platform.This paper presents a 3D model to help users validate their designs and requirements not only in the traditional digital 3D model properties like shape and size,but also in physical material properties and manufacturing properties when producing physical products like surface roughness,print accuracy and part cost.These properties are closely related to the process of 3D printing and materials.In order to establish the 3D model,the paper analyzes the model of the 3D printing process selection in the cloud platform.Triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers are applied to generate a set of 3D printers with the same process and material.Based on the 3D printing process selection model,users can establish the 3D model and validate their designs and requirements on physical material properties and manufacturing properties before printing physical products.展开更多
Refractory metals,including tungsten(W),tantalum(Ta),molybdenum(Mo),and niobium(Nb),play a vital role in industries,such as nuclear energy and aerospace,owing to their exceptional melting temperatures,thermal durabili...Refractory metals,including tungsten(W),tantalum(Ta),molybdenum(Mo),and niobium(Nb),play a vital role in industries,such as nuclear energy and aerospace,owing to their exceptional melting temperatures,thermal durability,and corrosion resistance.These metals have body-centered cubic crystal structure,characterized by limited slip systems and impeded dislocation motion,resulting in significant low-temperature brittleness,which poses challenges for the conventional processing.Additive manufacturing technique provides an innovative approach,enabling the production of intricate parts without molds,which significantly improves the efficiency of material usage.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in additive manufacturing techniques for the production of refractory metals,such as W,Ta,Mo,and Nb,particularly the laser powder bed fusion.In this review,the influence mechanisms of key process parameters(laser power,scan strategy,and powder characteristics)on the evolution of material microstructure,the formation of metallurgical defects,and mechanical properties were discussed.Generally,optimizing powder characteristics,such as sphericity,implementing substrate preheating,and formulating alloying strategies can significantly improve the densification and crack resistance of manufactured parts.Meanwhile,strictly controlling the oxygen impurity content and optimizing the energy density input are also the key factors to achieve the simultaneous improvement in strength and ductility of refractory metals.Although additive manufacturing technique provides an innovative solution for processing refractory metals,critical issues,such as residual stress control,microstructure and performance anisotropy,and process stability,still need to be addressed.This review not only provides a theoretical basis for the additive manufacturing of high-performance refractory metals,but also proposes forward-looking directions for their industrial application.展开更多
The field of printed electronics has been extensively researched for its versatility and scalability in flexible and large-area applications.Impedance is of great importance for the performance and reliability of elec...The field of printed electronics has been extensively researched for its versatility and scalability in flexible and large-area applications.Impedance is of great importance for the performance and reliability of electronics.However,its measurement requires electrical contacts,which makes it difficult on complex or bio-interfaces.Although the printing process is accessible,impedance characterization may be cumbersome,which can create a bottleneck during the manufacturing process.This paper reports the first effort at developing a convolutional neural network(CNN)based image regression model to replace impedance spectroscopy(IS).In our study,the CNN model learned the features of inkjet-printed electrode images that are dependent on the printing and sintering of nanomaterials and quantitatively predicted the resistance and capacitance of the equivalent circuit of the inkjet-printed lines.The image-based impedance spectroscopy(IIS)is expected to be the cornerstone as a revolutionary approach to electronics research and development enabled by deep neural networks.展开更多
Printing of metal bottom back electrodes of flexible organic solar cells（FOSCs） at low temperature is of great significance to realize the full-solution fabrication technology. However, this has been difficult to ac...Printing of metal bottom back electrodes of flexible organic solar cells（FOSCs） at low temperature is of great significance to realize the full-solution fabrication technology. However, this has been difficult to achieve because often the interfacial properties of those printed electrodes, including conductivity, roughness, work function,optical and mechanical flexibility, cannot meet the device requirement at the same time. In this work, we fabricate printed Ag and Cu bottom back cathodes by a low-temperature solution technique named polymer-assisted metal deposition（PAMD） on flexible PET substrates. Branched polyethylenimine（PEI） and ZnO thin films are used as the interface modification layers（IMLs） of these cathodes. Detailed experimental studies on the electrical, mechanical, and morphological properties, and simulation study on the optical properties of these IMLs are carried out to understand and optimize the interface of printed cathodes. We demonstrate that the highest power conversion efficiency over 3.0% can be achieved from a full-solution processed OFSC with the device structure being PAMDAg/PEI/P3 HT：PC61BM/PH1000. This device also acquires remarkable stability upon repeating bending tests.展开更多
文摘In this study, indoor air quality （IAQ） assessments were carried out in a screen printing facility. The air sampling was conducted in press department, including two different types of screen printing machines： semi-automatic and automatic. Air samples were collected and analyzed in situ for 4 times, once per 2 hours, during working time of 8 hours. Analysis of the experimental data showed that ambient ozone concentrations slowly increases with the increasing of TVOCs concentration and intensive use of UV lamps during automatic screen printing process. Therefore, the detected concentration levels of ozone and VOCs were compared with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration （OSHA） and Serbian Regulation. Comparison of the two mentioned standard regulations, the ozone concentrations in indoor printing air were from 0.83 to 8.1 and 2.4 to 16.2 times higher in the relation to the prescribed PEL and maximum allowed concentration （MAC） values, respectively, while the concentrations of particular VOCs were much below the PEL prescribed by the OSHA.
文摘Al electrodes are well known as ohmic contact electrodes for the PTC component , the influence of their thickness on final component properties was investigated by comparing their ohmic characteristics with the ones of InGa electrodes . After observing the Al paste physical and chemical behaviors during rising temperature by thermal analysis (DTA), the firing operation of Al electrodes could be divided into three main subsections: the temperature rising time (t-r), the peak firing temperature (T-p) and the hold time at peak firing temperature (t-h). The effects of these three parameters on final component properties were discussed in detail.
基金Project (No. 50476058) supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China
文摘The simultaneous removal of ethyl acetate, benzene and toluene with relatively low or high initial concentration is studied using a laboratory scale gliding arc gas discharge (GA) reactor. Good decomposition efficiencies are obtained which proves that the GA is effective for the treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with either low or high concentration. A theoretical decomposition mechanism is proposed based on detection of the species in the plasma region and analysis of the decomposition by-products. This preliminary investigation reveals that the GA has potential to be applied to the treatment of exhaust air during color printing and coating works, by either direct removal or combination with activated carbon adsorption/desorption process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.42207232)the Sichuan Science and Technology Plan Project(2023YFS0444)+1 种基金the Transportation Technology Project of Sichuan Province(2021-A-04)the State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Independent Research Project(SKLGP2021Z001,SKLGP2022Z023)。
文摘This study investigated the resilience of traditional concrete dams compared to 3D printed concrete dams(3DPC)when subjected to debris flow.Three types of dams,namely check dams,arch dams,and curve dams,were numerically analyzed using a three-dimensional Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian(CEL)methodology.The research focused on critical factors such as impact force and viscous energy dissipation to compare dam performance.Additionally,the study examined the printing and service phases of 3DPC models,determining potential failure modes and analyzing printing parameters.The results demonstrated that 3DPC dams outperformed traditional concrete dams,with filament deposition orientation,perpendicular to the debris flow direction,identified as a pivotal factor.Infill percentage and pattern were also found to influence the behavior of 3DPC models.Notably,curved dams exhibited superior performance based on dam geometry.These findings have significant potential for advancing the development of resilient dam structures capable of withstanding debris flow impacts.
文摘This paper describes the preparation and properties of TiN_x-SiO_2 double-layered antireflective(AR) coatings that were applied with print process. The coating material was analyzed and TiN_x was used instead of TiO_2 as high refractive material. The influence of solution concentration on AR property was studied. The testing result shows that the coatings using print process are featured with excellent mechanical property and the AR property is comparable to American Southwall AR product. It is expected that the study would promote the industrialization progress in AR coatings.
基金funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Germany's Excellence Strategy within the Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD(EXC 2122,Project ID 390833453).
文摘In recent years,the field of 3D printing has heavily relied on expert knowledge and complex trial-and-error procedures to determine appropriate printing parameters that meet desired consumption specifications.This study introduces a novel method for predicting 10 printing parameters based on 7 geometric features and 3 target consumption constraints(time,length,weight).Rather than using a traditional autoencoder model,we implement a variant that combines a reverse model with a forward-pretrained model.The forward model,pre-trained using XGBoost,predicts the 3 target consumption parameters from the 7 geometric features and 10 printing parameters.The reverse model then generates the 10 printing parameters from the 7 geometric features and the desired 3 consumption constraints.Through staged training and optimized loss function adjustments,our model achieves an R2 of 0.9567,demonstrating its precise predictive capabilities and potential to optimize the 3D printing process while reducing reliance on expert intervention.
文摘Miniaturization and flexibility are becoming the trend in the development of electronic products. These key features are driving new methods in the manufacturing of such products. Printed electronics technology is a novel additive manufacturing technique that uses active inks to print onto a diverse set of substrates, realizing large-area, low-cost, flexible and green manufacturing of electronic products. These advantageous properties make it extremely compatible with flexible electronics fabrication and extend as far as offering revolutionary methods in the production of flexible electronic devices. In this paper, the details of a printing process system are introduced, including the materials that can be employed as inks, common substrates, and the most recently reported printing strategies. An assessment of future setbacks and developments of printed flexible electronics is also presented.
基金the National High-Tech Research and Development Plan of China under Grant No.2015AA042101 and Fund of State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing System Technology in China.
文摘The distributed and customized 3D printing can be realized by 3D printing services in a cloud manufacturing environment.As a growing number of 3D printers are becoming accessible on various 3D printing service platforms,there raises the concern over the validation of virtual product designs and their manufacturing procedures for novices as well as users with 3D printing experience before physical products are produced through the cloud platform.This paper presents a 3D model to help users validate their designs and requirements not only in the traditional digital 3D model properties like shape and size,but also in physical material properties and manufacturing properties when producing physical products like surface roughness,print accuracy and part cost.These properties are closely related to the process of 3D printing and materials.In order to establish the 3D model,the paper analyzes the model of the 3D printing process selection in the cloud platform.Triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers are applied to generate a set of 3D printers with the same process and material.Based on the 3D printing process selection model,users can establish the 3D model and validate their designs and requirements on physical material properties and manufacturing properties before printing physical products.
基金National MCF Energy R&D Program(2024YFE03260300)。
文摘Refractory metals,including tungsten(W),tantalum(Ta),molybdenum(Mo),and niobium(Nb),play a vital role in industries,such as nuclear energy and aerospace,owing to their exceptional melting temperatures,thermal durability,and corrosion resistance.These metals have body-centered cubic crystal structure,characterized by limited slip systems and impeded dislocation motion,resulting in significant low-temperature brittleness,which poses challenges for the conventional processing.Additive manufacturing technique provides an innovative approach,enabling the production of intricate parts without molds,which significantly improves the efficiency of material usage.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in additive manufacturing techniques for the production of refractory metals,such as W,Ta,Mo,and Nb,particularly the laser powder bed fusion.In this review,the influence mechanisms of key process parameters(laser power,scan strategy,and powder characteristics)on the evolution of material microstructure,the formation of metallurgical defects,and mechanical properties were discussed.Generally,optimizing powder characteristics,such as sphericity,implementing substrate preheating,and formulating alloying strategies can significantly improve the densification and crack resistance of manufactured parts.Meanwhile,strictly controlling the oxygen impurity content and optimizing the energy density input are also the key factors to achieve the simultaneous improvement in strength and ductility of refractory metals.Although additive manufacturing technique provides an innovative solution for processing refractory metals,critical issues,such as residual stress control,microstructure and performance anisotropy,and process stability,still need to be addressed.This review not only provides a theoretical basis for the additive manufacturing of high-performance refractory metals,but also proposes forward-looking directions for their industrial application.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education through the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2021R1I1A3059714)by the Korea Institute of Industrial Technology as"Development of root technology for multi-product flexible production(KITECH EO-24-0009)+1 种基金supported by project for Collabo R&Dbetween Industry,University,and Research Institute funded by Korea Ministry of SMEs and Startups in 2023(RS-2023-00224114)supported by the faculty research fund of Sejong University in 2024。
文摘The field of printed electronics has been extensively researched for its versatility and scalability in flexible and large-area applications.Impedance is of great importance for the performance and reliability of electronics.However,its measurement requires electrical contacts,which makes it difficult on complex or bio-interfaces.Although the printing process is accessible,impedance characterization may be cumbersome,which can create a bottleneck during the manufacturing process.This paper reports the first effort at developing a convolutional neural network(CNN)based image regression model to replace impedance spectroscopy(IS).In our study,the CNN model learned the features of inkjet-printed electrode images that are dependent on the printing and sintering of nanomaterials and quantitatively predicted the resistance and capacitance of the equivalent circuit of the inkjet-printed lines.The image-based impedance spectroscopy(IIS)is expected to be the cornerstone as a revolutionary approach to electronics research and development enabled by deep neural networks.
基金supported by the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong(No.PolyUC5015-15G)the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(No.G-SB06)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21125316,21434009,51573026)
文摘Printing of metal bottom back electrodes of flexible organic solar cells（FOSCs） at low temperature is of great significance to realize the full-solution fabrication technology. However, this has been difficult to achieve because often the interfacial properties of those printed electrodes, including conductivity, roughness, work function,optical and mechanical flexibility, cannot meet the device requirement at the same time. In this work, we fabricate printed Ag and Cu bottom back cathodes by a low-temperature solution technique named polymer-assisted metal deposition（PAMD） on flexible PET substrates. Branched polyethylenimine（PEI） and ZnO thin films are used as the interface modification layers（IMLs） of these cathodes. Detailed experimental studies on the electrical, mechanical, and morphological properties, and simulation study on the optical properties of these IMLs are carried out to understand and optimize the interface of printed cathodes. We demonstrate that the highest power conversion efficiency over 3.0% can be achieved from a full-solution processed OFSC with the device structure being PAMDAg/PEI/P3 HT：PC61BM/PH1000. This device also acquires remarkable stability upon repeating bending tests.
