Modulating the interface between the electron transport layer(ETL)and perovskite to minimize interfacial recombination is pivotal for developing efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.Here,we introduce an ultra-t...Modulating the interface between the electron transport layer(ETL)and perovskite to minimize interfacial recombination is pivotal for developing efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.Here,we introduce an ultra-thin ZrO_(2)insulating interface layer onto the inner surface of the mesoporous TiO_(2)ETL via the chemical bath deposition in the zirconium n-butoxide solution,which alters the interface characteristics between TiO_(2)and perovskite for the printable hole-conductor-free mesoscopic perovskite solar cells(p-MPSCs).The insulating ZrO_(2)interface layer reduces interface defects and suppresses interfacial non-radiative recombination.Furthermore,the ZrO_(2)interface layer improves the wettability of the mesoporous TiO_(2)ETL,which favors the crystallization of perovskite within the mesoporous scaffold.Meanwhile,the device performance presents thickness dependence on the interface layer.While increased thickness improves the open-circuit voltage,excessive thickness negatively impacts both the short-circuit current density and fill factor.Consequently,an improved power conversion efficiency of 19.9% was achieved for p-MPSCs with the ZrO_(2)interface layer at its optimized thickness.展开更多
Visible light communication(VLC)is an emerging technology employing light-emitting diodes(LEDs)to provide illumination and wireless data transmission simultaneously.Harnessing cost-efficient printable organic LEDs(OLE...Visible light communication(VLC)is an emerging technology employing light-emitting diodes(LEDs)to provide illumination and wireless data transmission simultaneously.Harnessing cost-efficient printable organic LEDs(OLEDs)as environmentally friendly transmitters in VLC systems is extremely attractive for future applications in spectroscopy,the internet of things,sensing,and optical ranging in general.Here,we summarize the latest research progress on emerging semiconductor materials for LED sources in VLC,and highlight that OLEDs based on nontoxic and cost-efficient organic semiconductors have great opportunities for optical communication.We further examine efforts to achieve high-performance white OLEDs for general lighting,and,in particular,focus on the research status and opportunities for OLED-based VLC.Different solution-processable fabrication and printing strategies to develop high-performance OLEDs are also discussed.Finally,an outlook on future challenges and potential prospects of the next-generation organic VLC is provided.展开更多
The low-cost and easy large-scale fabrication advantages of printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells(p-MPSCs)are overshadowed by their limited photovoltaic conversion efficiency(PCE).Here,we introduce the hydrazide...The low-cost and easy large-scale fabrication advantages of printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells(p-MPSCs)are overshadowed by their limited photovoltaic conversion efficiency(PCE).Here,we introduce the hydrazide derivative of 4-Hydroxybenzoylhydrazine(4-HBH)to improve the PCE of p-MPSCs by inducing enhanced defect passivation.Both carbonyl and hydrazine groups in hydrazide groups present strong interaction with perovskite.The hydroxyl group,as an electron donor group,increases the electron cloud density of the hydrazide group in 4-HBH under the conjugation of the benzene ring,and thus enhances its interaction with perovskite.Additionally,the hydroxy group itself interacts with perovskite and passivates defects synergistically.The hydrazine agents can also reduce I2and suppress the loss of iodine in perovskite films,which inhibits the formation of iodine-related defects.Consequently,p-MPSCs with 4-HBH achieve a high PCE of 19.21%,and present well improved stability.展开更多
Developing new responsive materials whose physico-chemical properties can be controlled and tailored by external stimuli is fundamental for many modern technologies.In this framework,3D-printable photochromic material...Developing new responsive materials whose physico-chemical properties can be controlled and tailored by external stimuli is fundamental for many modern technologies.In this framework,3D-printable photochromic materials and systems for all-optical data processing might enable remote addressing,by optical control of their response with high spatiotemporal accuracy,thus supporting the development of new computing and sensing platforms with multidimensional fashion.Here,we introduce 3D-printable photochromic materials based on either a spiropyran molecular system or a diarylethene derivative shaped by digital light processing.Dynamically controlling transmitted light by the intensity and sequence of incoming signals,these materials exhibit robust photoswitching cycles,long-term optically-textured information storage,and are used in 3D printed devices capable of all-optical arithmetic and logic processing.These compounds and devices open a route to new 3D all-organic all-optical computing platforms,and to new schemes and architectures for advanced microscopy,sensing,and physical intelligence.展开更多
While photo-thermoelectric(PTE)sensors and their ultrabroadband monitoring facilitate nondestructive testing,their conventional fabrication is insufficient for high-yield integration.Specifically,PTE devices faced cha...While photo-thermoelectric(PTE)sensors and their ultrabroadband monitoring facilitate nondestructive testing,their conventional fabrication is insufficient for high-yield integration.Specifically,PTE devices faced challenges in their crucial spatial-misalignment for separate fabrication processes per constituent.Herein,this work demonstrates mechanically alignable and all-dispenser-printable integration of carbon nanotube(CNT)functional PTE sensor devices by designing them with solutionprocessable ink-materials.This technique first accurately prints CNT channels,essential in PTE conversion,using higher-concentration inks,and integrates remaining constituents(dopants and conductive pastes)into single device structures at high-yield.This work further demonstrates that employing higher-concentration CNT inks,suitable for mechanical channel printing,also designs sensitive PTE sensors.These sensors serve stably as integrated devices on diverse functional substrates,facilitating ubiquitous non-destructive monitoring depending on features.Therefore,this work designs such CNT PTE integrated devices and the associated functional inspection appropriately for structures,sizes,and external environments(e.g.,temperature and humidity)of monitoring targets.展开更多
Wearable and implantable biosensors have emerged as transformative tools in modern healthcare,enabling real-time monitoring of physiological parameters and continuous tracking of biomarkers such as glucose,lactate,and...Wearable and implantable biosensors have emerged as transformative tools in modern healthcare,enabling real-time monitoring of physiological parameters and continuous tracking of biomarkers such as glucose,lactate,and hormones,thereby facilitating early disease detection,personalized treatment plans,and proactive health management[1].The integration of such sensors into daily life holds the promise of revolutionizing patient care by providing immediate feedback and reducing the need for invasive procedures[2].展开更多
In the contemporary preparation of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the prevalent issue of hole transport layers(HTLs)materials is frequently incompatible with large-area deposition techniques.As the area increases,this r...In the contemporary preparation of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the prevalent issue of hole transport layers(HTLs)materials is frequently incompatible with large-area deposition techniques.As the area increases,this results in nonuniform preparation of the HTLs,which significantly reduces the efficiency and reliability of the device at the module level.To tackle this significant challenge,we propose a strategy for a dual-fiber network structure based on polymer HTLs.This strategy involves the use of organic solar cell polymer donor material(PM6)and poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT),which are spontaneously interwoven into micronsized fiber crystals to establish efficient carrier transport channels.This unique structure not only accelerates charge extraction but also takes advantage of the inherent benefits of polymers,such as excellent printability and homogeneous film formation while enhancing the protection of the perovskite layers.The resulting devices demonstrate a VOC of 1.18 V and a champion PCE of 24.90%,which is higher than the pristine devices(the PCE is 22.87%).Moreover,due to the improved printing characteristics,the PSMs prepared by blade-coating also demonstrate a high PCE of 15.15%within an aperture area of 100 cm^(2).Additionally,this strategy significantly improves the operational stability,thermal stability,and humidity stability of the devices.展开更多
Although the certified power conversion efficiency(PCE)of single-junction perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has achieved a high level of 27%,approaching the single-crystalline silicon solar cells,the device stability remain...Although the certified power conversion efficiency(PCE)of single-junction perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has achieved a high level of 27%,approaching the single-crystalline silicon solar cells,the device stability remains an urgent issue to be resolved for the commercialization.Defect passivation emerged as a viable approach to enhance the operational stability of the solar devices.Herein,phenylthiourea(PhTu)derivatives are selected as effective passivation agents to enhance the optoelectronic properties of printed methylammonium lead iodide(MAPbI_(3))films.It is demonstrated that incorporating a small amount of 1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2-thiourea(PhTu-COOH)significantly reduces the trap-state density and leads to longer carrier lifetime of the perovskite films.As a result,the inverted solar device made of Ph Tu-COOH-modified MAPbI_(3) perovskite film shows remarkably improved efficiency(from 17.29%to 20.22%)and obviously increased open-circuit voltage(V_(OC))(from 1.043 to 1.143 V),as compared with the pristine device.Moreover,the Ph Tu-COOH-modified PSCs exhibit enhanced operational stability due to the significantly reduced trap-state density.Finally,the optimized solar module fabricated with an active area of 11.28 cm^(2) delivers a high PCE of 17.07%with negligible V_(OC)loss,demonstrating the feasibility of the blade-coating method for large-area perovskite film deposition.展开更多
Strain sensors with high stretchability, broad strain range, high sensitivity, and good reliability are desirable, owing to their promising applications in electronic skins and human motion monitoring systems. In this...Strain sensors with high stretchability, broad strain range, high sensitivity, and good reliability are desirable, owing to their promising applications in electronic skins and human motion monitoring systems. In this paper, we report a high- performance strain sensor based on printable and stretchable electrically con- ductive elastic composites. This strain sensor is fabricated by mixing silver-coated polystyrene spheres （PS@Ag） and liquid polydimethylsiloxane （PDMS） and screen-printed to a desirable geometry. The strain sensor exhibits fascinating comprehensive performances, including high electrical conductivity （1.65 × 104 S/m）, large workable strain range （〉 80%）, high sensitivity （gauge factor of 17.5 in strain of 0%-10%, 6.0 in strain of 10%-60% and 78.6 in strain of 60%-80%）, inconspicuous resistance overshoot （〈 15%）, good reproducibility and excellent long-term stability （1,750 h at 85℃/85% relative humidity） for PS@Ag/PDMS-60, which only contains - 36.7 wt.% of silver. Simultaneously, this strain sensor provides the advantages of low-cost, simple, and large-area scalable fabrication, as well as robust mechanical properties and versatility in applications. Based on these performance characteristics, its applications in flexible printed electrodes and monitoring vigorous human motions are demonstrated, revealing its tremendous potential for applications in flexible and wearable electronics.展开更多
The printable electrode interlayer with excellent thickness tolerance is crucial for mass production of organic solar cells(OSCs)by solution-based print techniques. Herein, high-quality printable SnO2 films are simply...The printable electrode interlayer with excellent thickness tolerance is crucial for mass production of organic solar cells(OSCs)by solution-based print techniques. Herein, high-quality printable SnO2 films are simply fabricated by spin-coating or bladecoating the chemical precipitated SnO2 colloid precursor with post thermal annealing treatment. The SnO2 films possess outstanding optical and electrical properties, especially extreme thickness-insensitivity. The interfacial electron trap density of SnO2 cathode interlayers(CILs) are very low and show negligible increase as the thicknesses increase from 10 to 160 nm,resulting in slight change of the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) of the PM6:Y6 based OSCs from 16.10% to 13.07%. For blade-coated SnO2 CIL, the PCE remains high up to 12.08% even the thickness of SnO2 CIL is high up to 530 nm. More strikingly, the large-area OSCs of 100 mm2 with printed SnO2 CILs obtain a high efficiency of 12.74%. To the best of our knowledge, this work presents the first example for the high-performance and large-area OSCs with the thickness-insensitive SnO2 CIL.展开更多
Printable elastic conductors promote the wide application of consumable electronic textiles (e-textiles) for pervasive healthcare monitoring and wearable computation. To assure a clean appearance, the e-textiles requi...Printable elastic conductors promote the wide application of consumable electronic textiles (e-textiles) for pervasive healthcare monitoring and wearable computation. To assure a clean appearance, the e-textiles require a washing process to clean up the dirt after daily use. Thus, it is crucial to develop low-cost printable elastic conductors with strong adhesion to the textiles. Here, we report a composite elastic conductor based on Ag nanowires (NWs) and polyurethane elastomer. The composite could be dispersed into ink and easily printed onto textiles. One-step print could form robust conductive coatings without sealing on the textiles. Interestingly, the regional concentration of Ag NWs within the polyurethane matrix was observed during phase inversion, endowing the elastic conductor with a low percolation threshold of 0.12 vol.% and high conductivity of 3,668 S·cm^−1. Thanks to the high adhesion of the elastic conductors, the resulted e-textiles could withstand repeated stretching, folding, and machine washing (20 times) without obvious performance decay, which reveals its potential application in consumable e-textiles.展开更多
Over the last decade,the power conversion efficiency of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has increased dramatically from 3.8%to 25.2%.This rapid progress has been possible duc to the accurate contr...Over the last decade,the power conversion efficiency of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has increased dramatically from 3.8%to 25.2%.This rapid progress has been possible duc to the accurate control of the morphology and crystallinity of solution-processed perovskites,which are significantly affected by the concentration of the precursor used.This study explores the influence of precursor concentrations on the performance of printable hole-conductor-free meso-scopic PSCs via a simple one-step drop-coating method.The results reveal that lower concentrations lead to larger grains with inferior pore flling,while higher concentra-tions result in smaller grains with improved pore filling.Among concentrations ranging from 0.241.20M,devices based on a moderate strength of 0.70M were confirmed to exhibit the best efficiency at 16.32%.展开更多
Achieving a straightforward design of tough,printable,and adaptable polymeric eutectogels is still challenging in related fields due to the uncontrollable polymerization and solvent-exchanging processes,and inherent c...Achieving a straightforward design of tough,printable,and adaptable polymeric eutectogels is still challenging in related fields due to the uncontrollable polymerization and solvent-exchanging processes,and inherent contrasting multiple networks.Here,we report a one-step synergistic strategy based on ruthenium chemistry-catalyzed photopolymerization and solvent effect for preparing high-performance eutectogels.This orthogonal ruthenium photochemistry helps multinetworks formation via phenol-coupling of gelatin and copolymerization of acrylamide(AAm)and[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate(META)monomers in seconds.The obvious difference in the supramolecular interactions of free AAm monomers and polymerized units in P(AAm-co-META)with deep eutectic solvents(DESs)significantly promotes the microphase-separation behavior in eutectogels.Consequently,the in situ polymerization and microphase-separation behavior enable the as-prepared eutectogel materials to have excellent mechanical properties(stress of∼1.2 MPa),toughness(∼4.0 MJ m^(−3)),elasticity,adaptivity,and conductivity(∼0.5 S m^(−1)at room temperature).Also,the critical strength of the resultant eutectogels can be modulated by varying the DES constituents.This rapid and well-controlled synergistic approach is compatible with extrusion printing techniques to make flexible sensors with high sensitivities and response times to detect pressure in a range of 0–500 kPa.Such a general and simple strategy has application potential in biological,engineering,and material sciences.展开更多
Extrudability is one of the most critical factors when designing three-dimensional printable foam concrete.The extrusion process likely affects the foam stability which necessitates the investigation into surfactant p...Extrudability is one of the most critical factors when designing three-dimensional printable foam concrete.The extrusion process likely affects the foam stability which necessitates the investigation into surfactant properties particularly for concrete mixes with high foam contents.Although many studies have been conducted on traditional foam concrete in this context,studies on three-dimensional printed foam concrete are scarce.To address this research gap,the effects of surfactant characteristics on the stability,extrudability,and buildability of three-dimensional printed foam concrete mixes with two design densities(1000 and 1300 kg/m^(3))using two different surfactants and stabilizers(synthetic-based sodium lauryl sulfate stabilized with carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt,and natural-based hingot surfactant stabilized with xanthan gum)were investigated in this study.Fresh density tests were conducted before and after the extrusion to determine stability of the foam concrete.The results were then correlated with surfactant qualities,such as viscosity and surface tension,to understand the importance of key parameters in three-dimensional printing of foam concrete.Based on the experimental results,surfactant solu1tion with viscosity exceeding 5 m Pa·s and surface tension lower than 31 mN/m was recommended to yield stable three-dimensional printable foam concrete mixes.Nevertheless,the volume of foam in the mix significantly affected the printability characteristics.Unlike traditional foam concrete,the variation in the stabilizer concentration and density of concrete were found to have insignificant effect on the fresh-state-characteristics(slump,slump flow,and static yield stress)and air void microstructure of the stable mixes.展开更多
The low-cost and scalable printable mesoporous perovskite solar cells(p-MPSCs) face significant challenges in regulating perovskite crystal growth due to their nanoscale mesoporous scaffold structure, which limits the...The low-cost and scalable printable mesoporous perovskite solar cells(p-MPSCs) face significant challenges in regulating perovskite crystal growth due to their nanoscale mesoporous scaffold structure, which limits the improvement of device power conversion efficiency(PCE). In particular, the most commonly used solvents, N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO), have a single chemical interaction with the precursor components and high volatility, which is insufficient to self-regulate the perovskite crystallization process, leading to explosive nucleation and limited growth within mesoporous scaffolds. Here, we report a mixed solvent system composed of methylamine formaldehyde(MAFa)-based ionic liquid and acetonitrile(ACN) with the strong C=O–Pb coordination and N–H···I hydrogen bonding with perovskite components. We found that the mixed solvent system is beneficial for the precursor solution to homogeneously penetrate into the mesoporous scaffold,and the strong C=O–Pb coordination and N–H···I hydrogen bonding interaction can promote the oriented growth of perovskite crystals. This synergistic effect increased the PCE of the p-MPSCs from 17.50% to 19.21%, which is one of the highest records for p-MPSC in recent years. Additionally, the devices exhibit positive environmental stability, retaining over 90% of the original PCE after 1,200 h of aging under AM 1.5 illumination conditions at 55 ℃ and 55% humidity.展开更多
Organic solar cells(OSCs)have emerged as a promising solution for sustainable energy production,offering advantages such as a low carbon footprint,short energy payback period,and compatibility with eco-solvents.Howeve...Organic solar cells(OSCs)have emerged as a promising solution for sustainable energy production,offering advantages such as a low carbon footprint,short energy payback period,and compatibility with eco-solvents.However,the use of hazardous solvents continues to dominate the best-performing OSCs,mainly because of the challenges of controlling phase separation and domain crystallinity in eco-solvents.In this study,we combined the solvent vapor treatment of CS2 and thermal annealing to precisely control the phase separation and domain crystallinity in PM6:M-Cl and PM6:O-Cl systems processed with the eco-solvent o-xylene.This method resulted in a maximum power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 18.4%,which is among the highest values reported for sustainable binary OSCs.Furthermore,the fabrication techniques were transferred from spin coating in a nitrogen environment to blade printing in ambient air,retaining a PCE of 16.0%,showing its potential for high-throughput and scalable production.In addition,a comparative analysis of OSCs processed with hazardous and green solvents was conducted to reveal the differences in phase aggregation.This work not only underscores the significance of sustainability in OSCs but also lays the groundwork for unlocking the full potential of open-air-printable sustainable OSCs for commercialization.展开更多
Embedded printing is a highly promising approach for creating complex structures within a yield-stress support bath.However,the accurate prediction and control of printability remain fundamental challenges due to the ...Embedded printing is a highly promising approach for creating complex structures within a yield-stress support bath.However,the accurate prediction and control of printability remain fundamental challenges due to the complex interactions between inks and support baths.Here,we present an artificial intelligence(AI)-driven framework that interprets and predicts embedded printability using rheological data.Using a standardized workflow,we extracted 21 rheological descriptors and established 12 indicators to evaluate structural continuity and geometric fidelity.Interpretable machine learning models revealed that direction-dependent defects are governed by the synergistic interplay among ink yield stress,support bath zero shear viscosity,flow behavior index,and time constant.To enable the prediction of printability in a generalizable manner,we further developed a cascaded neural network,which achieved mean relative prediction errors below 15%across all indicators.Experimental validation using three-dimensional(3 D)-printed constructs and micro-computed tomography(μCT)reconstructions confirmed a strong correlation between predicted and actual fidelity.This work establishes a physics-informed,data-driven paradigm for decoding and optimizing embedded printing,offering broad applicability and providing a robust tool for the rapid pairing of suitable printable ink-support bath combinations.展开更多
A novel laser-based additive manufacturing approach of metal additive manufacturing using powder sheets(MAPS)has been introduced recently.The method utilizes polymer-bound powder sheets for metal AM as a feedstock,ins...A novel laser-based additive manufacturing approach of metal additive manufacturing using powder sheets(MAPS)has been introduced recently.The method utilizes polymer-bound powder sheets for metal AM as a feedstock,instead of loose powders.Conventional laser beam powder bed fusion(LPBF)additive manufacturing(AM)is among the most widespread 3D printing technologies.However,LPBF faces challenges related to safety and the impracticality of changing materials due to its reliance on loose powders.Thus,MAPS demonstrates the capability to overcome the limitations of LPBF by offering enhanced safety and the ability to print multi-material structures without the risk of material cross-contamination.As a part of developing processes,we investigate the effects of polymeric binder content on the printability and microstructural characteristics of MAPS-printed stainless steel 316 L.The results indicate that the average layer thickness of solidified material improves as the scanning speed decreases from 1000 mm/s to 50 mm/s across three different polymeric binder contents:10 wt%,20 wt%,and 30 wt%PCL.Additionally,a higher polymeric binder content(i.e.20 wt%and 30 wt%)in the powder sheets reduces the likelihood of crack formation.Electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)analysis reveals that an increase in scanning speed promotes the formation of more equiaxed grains,while an increase in polymer content results in a reduction in grain size.These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing MAPS configurations for enhanced productivity and functionality in metal component manufacturing.展开更多
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22439001,52172198,51902117)supported by the Innovation Fund of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronicsthe Analytical and Testing Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST)for performing various characterizations。
文摘Modulating the interface between the electron transport layer(ETL)and perovskite to minimize interfacial recombination is pivotal for developing efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.Here,we introduce an ultra-thin ZrO_(2)insulating interface layer onto the inner surface of the mesoporous TiO_(2)ETL via the chemical bath deposition in the zirconium n-butoxide solution,which alters the interface characteristics between TiO_(2)and perovskite for the printable hole-conductor-free mesoscopic perovskite solar cells(p-MPSCs).The insulating ZrO_(2)interface layer reduces interface defects and suppresses interfacial non-radiative recombination.Furthermore,the ZrO_(2)interface layer improves the wettability of the mesoporous TiO_(2)ETL,which favors the crystallization of perovskite within the mesoporous scaffold.Meanwhile,the device performance presents thickness dependence on the interface layer.While increased thickness improves the open-circuit voltage,excessive thickness negatively impacts both the short-circuit current density and fill factor.Consequently,an improved power conversion efficiency of 19.9% was achieved for p-MPSCs with the ZrO_(2)interface layer at its optimized thickness.
基金funding from the Royal Society through a Newton International Fellowship,the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2023-YBGY-198)the Doctoral Scientific Research Start-up Foundation of Shaanxi University of Science and Technology(Grant No.126022255)+3 种基金T.X.was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51802184)X.W.was supported by the Shaanxi Province Innovation Capability Support Plan-Youth Science and Technology Nova Project(Grant No.2023KJXX-141)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62004120)F.Z.was supported by the Education Department of Shaanxi Province Serves the Local Special Plan Project(Grant No.17JF006).
文摘Visible light communication(VLC)is an emerging technology employing light-emitting diodes(LEDs)to provide illumination and wireless data transmission simultaneously.Harnessing cost-efficient printable organic LEDs(OLEDs)as environmentally friendly transmitters in VLC systems is extremely attractive for future applications in spectroscopy,the internet of things,sensing,and optical ranging in general.Here,we summarize the latest research progress on emerging semiconductor materials for LED sources in VLC,and highlight that OLEDs based on nontoxic and cost-efficient organic semiconductors have great opportunities for optical communication.We further examine efforts to achieve high-performance white OLEDs for general lighting,and,in particular,focus on the research status and opportunities for OLED-based VLC.Different solution-processable fabrication and printing strategies to develop high-performance OLEDs are also discussed.Finally,an outlook on future challenges and potential prospects of the next-generation organic VLC is provided.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52172198,51902117,91733301)。
文摘The low-cost and easy large-scale fabrication advantages of printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells(p-MPSCs)are overshadowed by their limited photovoltaic conversion efficiency(PCE).Here,we introduce the hydrazide derivative of 4-Hydroxybenzoylhydrazine(4-HBH)to improve the PCE of p-MPSCs by inducing enhanced defect passivation.Both carbonyl and hydrazine groups in hydrazide groups present strong interaction with perovskite.The hydroxyl group,as an electron donor group,increases the electron cloud density of the hydrazide group in 4-HBH under the conjugation of the benzene ring,and thus enhances its interaction with perovskite.Additionally,the hydroxy group itself interacts with perovskite and passivates defects synergistically.The hydrazine agents can also reduce I2and suppress the loss of iodine in perovskite films,which inhibits the formation of iodine-related defects.Consequently,p-MPSCs with 4-HBH achieve a high PCE of 19.21%,and present well improved stability.
基金funding from the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(grant agreement No.682157,“xPRINT”)the Italian Minister of University and Research PRIN 2017PHRM8X project(“3D-Phys”)funding from the project“MAD-La metamorfosi Additiva del Design”(PON‘Ricerca e Innovazione 2014-2020,ARS01_00717).
文摘Developing new responsive materials whose physico-chemical properties can be controlled and tailored by external stimuli is fundamental for many modern technologies.In this framework,3D-printable photochromic materials and systems for all-optical data processing might enable remote addressing,by optical control of their response with high spatiotemporal accuracy,thus supporting the development of new computing and sensing platforms with multidimensional fashion.Here,we introduce 3D-printable photochromic materials based on either a spiropyran molecular system or a diarylethene derivative shaped by digital light processing.Dynamically controlling transmitted light by the intensity and sequence of incoming signals,these materials exhibit robust photoswitching cycles,long-term optically-textured information storage,and are used in 3D printed devices capable of all-optical arithmetic and logic processing.These compounds and devices open a route to new 3D all-organic all-optical computing platforms,and to new schemes and architectures for advanced microscopy,sensing,and physical intelligence.
基金supported by a part of ACT-X(JPMJAX23KL)and Mirai Programme(JPMJMI23G1):JST,KAKENHI(JP22H01553,JP22H01555,JP23H00169,JP23K19125,JP24K01288,and JP24K17325):JSPS,and grants(Murata Science Foundation,Matsuo Foundation,Sumitomo Electric Groups CSR Foundation,Takano Science Foundation,Thermal&Electric Energy Technology Foundation,Precise Measurement Technology Promotion Foundation,Suzuki Foundation,Iwatani Naoji Foundation,Futaba Foundation,Konica Minolta Science and Technology Foundation,Fuji Seal Foundation,Telecommunications Advancement Foundation,TEPCO Memorial Foundation,Paloma CSR Foundation,Takano Life Science Research Foundation,The Foundation for The Promotion of Ion Engineering,Hattori Hokokai Foundation,Mechanical Social Systems Foundation,Kayamori Foundation of Informational Science Advancement,Shimadzu Science Foundation,Japan Power Academy,Tokuyama Science Foundation,Yashima Environment Technology Foundation,Tateisi Science and Technology Foundation,The Kajima Foundation,Japan Keirin Autorace Foundation,Amano Institute of Technology,and Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology).
文摘While photo-thermoelectric(PTE)sensors and their ultrabroadband monitoring facilitate nondestructive testing,their conventional fabrication is insufficient for high-yield integration.Specifically,PTE devices faced challenges in their crucial spatial-misalignment for separate fabrication processes per constituent.Herein,this work demonstrates mechanically alignable and all-dispenser-printable integration of carbon nanotube(CNT)functional PTE sensor devices by designing them with solutionprocessable ink-materials.This technique first accurately prints CNT channels,essential in PTE conversion,using higher-concentration inks,and integrates remaining constituents(dopants and conductive pastes)into single device structures at high-yield.This work further demonstrates that employing higher-concentration CNT inks,suitable for mechanical channel printing,also designs sensitive PTE sensors.These sensors serve stably as integrated devices on diverse functional substrates,facilitating ubiquitous non-destructive monitoring depending on features.Therefore,this work designs such CNT PTE integrated devices and the associated functional inspection appropriately for structures,sizes,and external environments(e.g.,temperature and humidity)of monitoring targets.
文摘Wearable and implantable biosensors have emerged as transformative tools in modern healthcare,enabling real-time monitoring of physiological parameters and continuous tracking of biomarkers such as glucose,lactate,and hormones,thereby facilitating early disease detection,personalized treatment plans,and proactive health management[1].The integration of such sensors into daily life holds the promise of revolutionizing patient care by providing immediate feedback and reducing the need for invasive procedures[2].
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China:Strategic International Innovation Cooperation(2024YFE0209400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(52222312,52173169,22461142139,52263027,22379060,52203311,and 52463021)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20231ZDH04036,20224ACB204007).
文摘In the contemporary preparation of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the prevalent issue of hole transport layers(HTLs)materials is frequently incompatible with large-area deposition techniques.As the area increases,this results in nonuniform preparation of the HTLs,which significantly reduces the efficiency and reliability of the device at the module level.To tackle this significant challenge,we propose a strategy for a dual-fiber network structure based on polymer HTLs.This strategy involves the use of organic solar cell polymer donor material(PM6)and poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT),which are spontaneously interwoven into micronsized fiber crystals to establish efficient carrier transport channels.This unique structure not only accelerates charge extraction but also takes advantage of the inherent benefits of polymers,such as excellent printability and homogeneous film formation while enhancing the protection of the perovskite layers.The resulting devices demonstrate a VOC of 1.18 V and a champion PCE of 24.90%,which is higher than the pristine devices(the PCE is 22.87%).Moreover,due to the improved printing characteristics,the PSMs prepared by blade-coating also demonstrate a high PCE of 15.15%within an aperture area of 100 cm^(2).Additionally,this strategy significantly improves the operational stability,thermal stability,and humidity stability of the devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62205103)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.2023JJ40216)the Elite Youth Program by the Department of Education of Hunan Province(Grant No.24B0663)。
文摘Although the certified power conversion efficiency(PCE)of single-junction perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has achieved a high level of 27%,approaching the single-crystalline silicon solar cells,the device stability remains an urgent issue to be resolved for the commercialization.Defect passivation emerged as a viable approach to enhance the operational stability of the solar devices.Herein,phenylthiourea(PhTu)derivatives are selected as effective passivation agents to enhance the optoelectronic properties of printed methylammonium lead iodide(MAPbI_(3))films.It is demonstrated that incorporating a small amount of 1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2-thiourea(PhTu-COOH)significantly reduces the trap-state density and leads to longer carrier lifetime of the perovskite films.As a result,the inverted solar device made of Ph Tu-COOH-modified MAPbI_(3) perovskite film shows remarkably improved efficiency(from 17.29%to 20.22%)and obviously increased open-circuit voltage(V_(OC))(from 1.043 to 1.143 V),as compared with the pristine device.Moreover,the Ph Tu-COOH-modified PSCs exhibit enhanced operational stability due to the significantly reduced trap-state density.Finally,the optimized solar module fabricated with an active area of 11.28 cm^(2) delivers a high PCE of 17.07%with negligible V_(OC)loss,demonstrating the feasibility of the blade-coating method for large-area perovskite film deposition.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R＆D Project from Minister of Science and Technology of China （No. 2016YFA0202702）, National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 61701488 and 21571186）, Leading Scientific Research Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences （No. QYZDY-SSW-JSC010）, Youth Innovation Promotion Association （No. 2017411）, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory （No. 2014B030301014）, Guangdong TeZhi Plan Youth Talent of Science and Technology （No. 2014TQ01C102）, Shenzhen Basic Research plan （Nos. JSGG20150512145714246 and JSGG20160229155249762） and SIAT Innovation Program for Excellent Young Researchers （No. 2016005）.
文摘Strain sensors with high stretchability, broad strain range, high sensitivity, and good reliability are desirable, owing to their promising applications in electronic skins and human motion monitoring systems. In this paper, we report a high- performance strain sensor based on printable and stretchable electrically con- ductive elastic composites. This strain sensor is fabricated by mixing silver-coated polystyrene spheres （PS@Ag） and liquid polydimethylsiloxane （PDMS） and screen-printed to a desirable geometry. The strain sensor exhibits fascinating comprehensive performances, including high electrical conductivity （1.65 × 104 S/m）, large workable strain range （〉 80%）, high sensitivity （gauge factor of 17.5 in strain of 0%-10%, 6.0 in strain of 10%-60% and 78.6 in strain of 60%-80%）, inconspicuous resistance overshoot （〈 15%）, good reproducibility and excellent long-term stability （1,750 h at 85℃/85% relative humidity） for PS@Ag/PDMS-60, which only contains - 36.7 wt.% of silver. Simultaneously, this strain sensor provides the advantages of low-cost, simple, and large-area scalable fabrication, as well as robust mechanical properties and versatility in applications. Based on these performance characteristics, its applications in flexible printed electrodes and monitoring vigorous human motions are demonstrated, revealing its tremendous potential for applications in flexible and wearable electronics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51873007, 51961165102, 21835006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China (2019MS025, 2018MS032, 2017MS027, 2017XS084)。
文摘The printable electrode interlayer with excellent thickness tolerance is crucial for mass production of organic solar cells(OSCs)by solution-based print techniques. Herein, high-quality printable SnO2 films are simply fabricated by spin-coating or bladecoating the chemical precipitated SnO2 colloid precursor with post thermal annealing treatment. The SnO2 films possess outstanding optical and electrical properties, especially extreme thickness-insensitivity. The interfacial electron trap density of SnO2 cathode interlayers(CILs) are very low and show negligible increase as the thicknesses increase from 10 to 160 nm,resulting in slight change of the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) of the PM6:Y6 based OSCs from 16.10% to 13.07%. For blade-coated SnO2 CIL, the PCE remains high up to 12.08% even the thickness of SnO2 CIL is high up to 530 nm. More strikingly, the large-area OSCs of 100 mm2 with printed SnO2 CILs obtain a high efficiency of 12.74%. To the best of our knowledge, this work presents the first example for the high-performance and large-area OSCs with the thickness-insensitive SnO2 CIL.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51732011,21431006,21761132008,81788101,and 11227901)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21521001),Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(No.QYZDJ-SSW-SLH036),the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2014CB931800)the Users with Excellence and Scientific Research Grant of Hefei Science Center of CAS(No.2015HSC-UE007).This work was partially carried out at the Center for Micro and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication,University of Science and Technology of China.
文摘Printable elastic conductors promote the wide application of consumable electronic textiles (e-textiles) for pervasive healthcare monitoring and wearable computation. To assure a clean appearance, the e-textiles require a washing process to clean up the dirt after daily use. Thus, it is crucial to develop low-cost printable elastic conductors with strong adhesion to the textiles. Here, we report a composite elastic conductor based on Ag nanowires (NWs) and polyurethane elastomer. The composite could be dispersed into ink and easily printed onto textiles. One-step print could form robust conductive coatings without sealing on the textiles. Interestingly, the regional concentration of Ag NWs within the polyurethane matrix was observed during phase inversion, endowing the elastic conductor with a low percolation threshold of 0.12 vol.% and high conductivity of 3,668 S·cm^−1. Thanks to the high adhesion of the elastic conductors, the resulted e-textiles could withstand repeated stretching, folding, and machine washing (20 times) without obvious performance decay, which reveals its potential application in consumable e-textiles.
基金Acknow ledgements The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91733301,51902117,and 21702069)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the Science and Technology Department of Hubei Province(No.2017AAA 190)+2 种基金the 111 Project(No.B07038)the Program for Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST)Academic Frontier Youth Team(No.2016QYTD06)We thank the Analytical and Testing Center of HUST for performing various characterization and measurements.
文摘Over the last decade,the power conversion efficiency of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has increased dramatically from 3.8%to 25.2%.This rapid progress has been possible duc to the accurate control of the morphology and crystallinity of solution-processed perovskites,which are significantly affected by the concentration of the precursor used.This study explores the influence of precursor concentrations on the performance of printable hole-conductor-free meso-scopic PSCs via a simple one-step drop-coating method.The results reveal that lower concentrations lead to larger grains with inferior pore flling,while higher concentra-tions result in smaller grains with improved pore filling.Among concentrations ranging from 0.241.20M,devices based on a moderate strength of 0.70M were confirmed to exhibit the best efficiency at 16.32%.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.22175141 and 12102342)the Nature Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(grant nos.2023-JC-JQ-14,2023JC-XJ-21,and 2022JQ-146)+1 种基金Cultivation Program for the Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of Northwest University(grant no.YB2023006)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Xi’an Association for Science and Technology(grant no.095920221324)for the financial support of this work.
文摘Achieving a straightforward design of tough,printable,and adaptable polymeric eutectogels is still challenging in related fields due to the uncontrollable polymerization and solvent-exchanging processes,and inherent contrasting multiple networks.Here,we report a one-step synergistic strategy based on ruthenium chemistry-catalyzed photopolymerization and solvent effect for preparing high-performance eutectogels.This orthogonal ruthenium photochemistry helps multinetworks formation via phenol-coupling of gelatin and copolymerization of acrylamide(AAm)and[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate(META)monomers in seconds.The obvious difference in the supramolecular interactions of free AAm monomers and polymerized units in P(AAm-co-META)with deep eutectic solvents(DESs)significantly promotes the microphase-separation behavior in eutectogels.Consequently,the in situ polymerization and microphase-separation behavior enable the as-prepared eutectogel materials to have excellent mechanical properties(stress of∼1.2 MPa),toughness(∼4.0 MJ m^(−3)),elasticity,adaptivity,and conductivity(∼0.5 S m^(−1)at room temperature).Also,the critical strength of the resultant eutectogels can be modulated by varying the DES constituents.This rapid and well-controlled synergistic approach is compatible with extrusion printing techniques to make flexible sensors with high sensitivities and response times to detect pressure in a range of 0–500 kPa.Such a general and simple strategy has application potential in biological,engineering,and material sciences.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering,Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati,India.
文摘Extrudability is one of the most critical factors when designing three-dimensional printable foam concrete.The extrusion process likely affects the foam stability which necessitates the investigation into surfactant properties particularly for concrete mixes with high foam contents.Although many studies have been conducted on traditional foam concrete in this context,studies on three-dimensional printed foam concrete are scarce.To address this research gap,the effects of surfactant characteristics on the stability,extrudability,and buildability of three-dimensional printed foam concrete mixes with two design densities(1000 and 1300 kg/m^(3))using two different surfactants and stabilizers(synthetic-based sodium lauryl sulfate stabilized with carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt,and natural-based hingot surfactant stabilized with xanthan gum)were investigated in this study.Fresh density tests were conducted before and after the extrusion to determine stability of the foam concrete.The results were then correlated with surfactant qualities,such as viscosity and surface tension,to understand the importance of key parameters in three-dimensional printing of foam concrete.Based on the experimental results,surfactant solu1tion with viscosity exceeding 5 m Pa·s and surface tension lower than 31 mN/m was recommended to yield stable three-dimensional printable foam concrete mixes.Nevertheless,the volume of foam in the mix significantly affected the printability characteristics.Unlike traditional foam concrete,the variation in the stabilizer concentration and density of concrete were found to have insignificant effect on the fresh-state-characteristics(slump,slump flow,and static yield stress)and air void microstructure of the stable mixes.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (62288102, 22379067, 52172198, 61705102, 62205142 and 52302266)the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFB4204500)+4 种基金the Jiangsu Provincial Departments of Science and Technology (BE2022023, BK20220010, and BZ2023060)the Innovation Project of Optics Valley Laboratory (OVL2021BG006)the Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (2021WNLOKF003)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (2021JLM-43)the Joint Research Funds of Department of Science & Technology of Shaanxi Province and Northwestern Polytechnical University (2020GXLH-Z-007 and 2020GXLH-Z-014)。
文摘The low-cost and scalable printable mesoporous perovskite solar cells(p-MPSCs) face significant challenges in regulating perovskite crystal growth due to their nanoscale mesoporous scaffold structure, which limits the improvement of device power conversion efficiency(PCE). In particular, the most commonly used solvents, N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO), have a single chemical interaction with the precursor components and high volatility, which is insufficient to self-regulate the perovskite crystallization process, leading to explosive nucleation and limited growth within mesoporous scaffolds. Here, we report a mixed solvent system composed of methylamine formaldehyde(MAFa)-based ionic liquid and acetonitrile(ACN) with the strong C=O–Pb coordination and N–H···I hydrogen bonding with perovskite components. We found that the mixed solvent system is beneficial for the precursor solution to homogeneously penetrate into the mesoporous scaffold,and the strong C=O–Pb coordination and N–H···I hydrogen bonding interaction can promote the oriented growth of perovskite crystals. This synergistic effect increased the PCE of the p-MPSCs from 17.50% to 19.21%, which is one of the highest records for p-MPSC in recent years. Additionally, the devices exhibit positive environmental stability, retaining over 90% of the original PCE after 1,200 h of aging under AM 1.5 illumination conditions at 55 ℃ and 55% humidity.
基金Scientific Research Startup Fund for Shenzhen High-Caliber Personnel of Shenzhen Polytechnic,Grant/Award Number:6022310038kNational Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:62004129+7 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission,Grant/Award Numbers:JCYJ20200109105003940,20220811205532001Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2023A1515011677Innovation Team Project of Guangdong,Grant/Award Number:2022KCXTD055China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2022M720156Post-Doctoral Foundation Project of Shenzhen Polytechnic,Grant/Award Number:6022331001KKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST),Grant/Award Numbers:ORFSCRG11-2022-5045,OSR-CARF/CCF-3079Research Grants Council of Hong Kong,Grant/Award Numbers:C7018-20G,CRF C5037-18G,15221320Hong Kong Polytechnic University funds,Grant/Award Numbers:Q-CDA5,8-8480。
文摘Organic solar cells(OSCs)have emerged as a promising solution for sustainable energy production,offering advantages such as a low carbon footprint,short energy payback period,and compatibility with eco-solvents.However,the use of hazardous solvents continues to dominate the best-performing OSCs,mainly because of the challenges of controlling phase separation and domain crystallinity in eco-solvents.In this study,we combined the solvent vapor treatment of CS2 and thermal annealing to precisely control the phase separation and domain crystallinity in PM6:M-Cl and PM6:O-Cl systems processed with the eco-solvent o-xylene.This method resulted in a maximum power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 18.4%,which is among the highest values reported for sustainable binary OSCs.Furthermore,the fabrication techniques were transferred from spin coating in a nitrogen environment to blade printing in ambient air,retaining a PCE of 16.0%,showing its potential for high-throughput and scalable production.In addition,a comparative analysis of OSCs processed with hazardous and green solvents was conducted to reveal the differences in phase aggregation.This work not only underscores the significance of sustainability in OSCs but also lays the groundwork for unlocking the full potential of open-air-printable sustainable OSCs for commercialization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52305314 and U21A20394)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Nos.7252285 and L246001)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB4605800)。
文摘Embedded printing is a highly promising approach for creating complex structures within a yield-stress support bath.However,the accurate prediction and control of printability remain fundamental challenges due to the complex interactions between inks and support baths.Here,we present an artificial intelligence(AI)-driven framework that interprets and predicts embedded printability using rheological data.Using a standardized workflow,we extracted 21 rheological descriptors and established 12 indicators to evaluate structural continuity and geometric fidelity.Interpretable machine learning models revealed that direction-dependent defects are governed by the synergistic interplay among ink yield stress,support bath zero shear viscosity,flow behavior index,and time constant.To enable the prediction of printability in a generalizable manner,we further developed a cascaded neural network,which achieved mean relative prediction errors below 15%across all indicators.Experimental validation using three-dimensional(3 D)-printed constructs and micro-computed tomography(μCT)reconstructions confirmed a strong correlation between predicted and actual fidelity.This work establishes a physics-informed,data-driven paradigm for decoding and optimizing embedded printing,offering broad applicability and providing a robust tool for the rapid pairing of suitable printable ink-support bath combinations.
基金supported by PoSAddive–Powder Sheet Additive Manufacturing(co-funded by EIT Raw Materials,Grant No.22021)the AML in Trinity College Dublin.EIT Raw Materials is supported by EIT,a body of the European Union.
文摘A novel laser-based additive manufacturing approach of metal additive manufacturing using powder sheets(MAPS)has been introduced recently.The method utilizes polymer-bound powder sheets for metal AM as a feedstock,instead of loose powders.Conventional laser beam powder bed fusion(LPBF)additive manufacturing(AM)is among the most widespread 3D printing technologies.However,LPBF faces challenges related to safety and the impracticality of changing materials due to its reliance on loose powders.Thus,MAPS demonstrates the capability to overcome the limitations of LPBF by offering enhanced safety and the ability to print multi-material structures without the risk of material cross-contamination.As a part of developing processes,we investigate the effects of polymeric binder content on the printability and microstructural characteristics of MAPS-printed stainless steel 316 L.The results indicate that the average layer thickness of solidified material improves as the scanning speed decreases from 1000 mm/s to 50 mm/s across three different polymeric binder contents:10 wt%,20 wt%,and 30 wt%PCL.Additionally,a higher polymeric binder content(i.e.20 wt%and 30 wt%)in the powder sheets reduces the likelihood of crack formation.Electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)analysis reveals that an increase in scanning speed promotes the formation of more equiaxed grains,while an increase in polymer content results in a reduction in grain size.These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing MAPS configurations for enhanced productivity and functionality in metal component manufacturing.
