The purpose of this paper is to introduce to you, the Western people, nowadays a “widely unknown” Japanese thermodynamicist by the name of Motoyosi Sugita and his study on the thermodynamics of transient phenomena a...The purpose of this paper is to introduce to you, the Western people, nowadays a “widely unknown” Japanese thermodynamicist by the name of Motoyosi Sugita and his study on the thermodynamics of transient phenomena and his theory of life. This is because although he was one of the top theoretical physicists in Japan before, during and after WWII and after WWII he promoted the establishment of the biophysical society of Japan as one of the founding members, he himself and his studies themselves have seemed to be totally forgotten nowadays in spite that his study was absolutely important for the study of life. Therefore, in this paper I would like to present what kind of person he was and what he studied in physics as a review on the physics work of Motoyosi Sugita for the first time. I will follow his past studies to introduce his ideas in theoretical physics as well as in biophysics as follows: He proposed the bright ideas such as the quasi-static change in the broad sense, the virtual heat, and the field of chemical potential etc. in order to establish his own theory of thermodynamics of transient phenomena, as the generalization of the Onsager-Prigogine’s theory of the irreversible processes. By the concept of the field of chemical potential that acquired the nonlinear transport, he was seemingly successful to exceed and go beyond the scope of Onsager and Prigogine. Once he established his thermodynamics, he explored the existence of the 4th law of thermodynamics for the foundation of theory of life. He applied it to broad categories of transient phenomena including life and life being such as the theory of metabolism. He regarded the 4th law of thermodynamics as the maximum principle in transient phenomena. He tried to prove it all life long. Since I have recently found that his maximum principle can be included in more general maximum principle, which was known as the Pontryagin’s maximum principle in the theory of optimal control, I would like to explain such theories produced by Motoyosi Sugita as detailed as possible. And also I have put short history of Motoyosi Sugita’s personal life in order for you to know him well. I hope that this article helps you to know this wonderful man and understand what he did in the past, which was totally forgotten in the world and even in Japan.展开更多
Building the foundations of Thermo-Photo-Electronics became possible only after the correction of thermodynamic errors in the traditional theory of semiconductor Electronics and Photo-Electronics.It is these errors th...Building the foundations of Thermo-Photo-Electronics became possible only after the correction of thermodynamic errors in the traditional theory of semiconductor Electronics and Photo-Electronics.It is these errors that determined the output of the asymptotics of the operating parameters of semiconductor electronic devices,in particular,both the saturation of the limiting clock frequency of processors,and the saturation of the efficiency of both thermoelectric and photoelectric converters.But in semiconductors,although these thermodynamic errors manifested themselves not only in the instrumental,but also in the technological aspect,they could not prohibit semiconductor Electronics itself,unlike Electronics based on other materials.It’s just that a number of qualitative mistakes were made in the theory of semiconductor devices and photo devices.In this work,it is shown that the energy band diagram of semiconductor contacts itself was constructed with a significant omission-without taking into account the temperature force on the contact.At the same time,because of the incorrect calculation of currents according to the outdated formulas of Richardson-Langmuir-Deshman,there were also PROHIBITIONS.So the practitioners compensated for the errors of the theory with“empirical corrections”.So electronics engineers often made devices not according to a strict theory(which simply did not exist until now),but on a hunch and according to empirical local laws.And only the correction of the historical mistakes made it possible to expand the phenomenology of the description of processes in a Solid Body,on the basis of which it is possible to make calculations of highly efficient elements of Photo-Thermo-Electronics.展开更多
文摘The purpose of this paper is to introduce to you, the Western people, nowadays a “widely unknown” Japanese thermodynamicist by the name of Motoyosi Sugita and his study on the thermodynamics of transient phenomena and his theory of life. This is because although he was one of the top theoretical physicists in Japan before, during and after WWII and after WWII he promoted the establishment of the biophysical society of Japan as one of the founding members, he himself and his studies themselves have seemed to be totally forgotten nowadays in spite that his study was absolutely important for the study of life. Therefore, in this paper I would like to present what kind of person he was and what he studied in physics as a review on the physics work of Motoyosi Sugita for the first time. I will follow his past studies to introduce his ideas in theoretical physics as well as in biophysics as follows: He proposed the bright ideas such as the quasi-static change in the broad sense, the virtual heat, and the field of chemical potential etc. in order to establish his own theory of thermodynamics of transient phenomena, as the generalization of the Onsager-Prigogine’s theory of the irreversible processes. By the concept of the field of chemical potential that acquired the nonlinear transport, he was seemingly successful to exceed and go beyond the scope of Onsager and Prigogine. Once he established his thermodynamics, he explored the existence of the 4th law of thermodynamics for the foundation of theory of life. He applied it to broad categories of transient phenomena including life and life being such as the theory of metabolism. He regarded the 4th law of thermodynamics as the maximum principle in transient phenomena. He tried to prove it all life long. Since I have recently found that his maximum principle can be included in more general maximum principle, which was known as the Pontryagin’s maximum principle in the theory of optimal control, I would like to explain such theories produced by Motoyosi Sugita as detailed as possible. And also I have put short history of Motoyosi Sugita’s personal life in order for you to know him well. I hope that this article helps you to know this wonderful man and understand what he did in the past, which was totally forgotten in the world and even in Japan.
文摘Building the foundations of Thermo-Photo-Electronics became possible only after the correction of thermodynamic errors in the traditional theory of semiconductor Electronics and Photo-Electronics.It is these errors that determined the output of the asymptotics of the operating parameters of semiconductor electronic devices,in particular,both the saturation of the limiting clock frequency of processors,and the saturation of the efficiency of both thermoelectric and photoelectric converters.But in semiconductors,although these thermodynamic errors manifested themselves not only in the instrumental,but also in the technological aspect,they could not prohibit semiconductor Electronics itself,unlike Electronics based on other materials.It’s just that a number of qualitative mistakes were made in the theory of semiconductor devices and photo devices.In this work,it is shown that the energy band diagram of semiconductor contacts itself was constructed with a significant omission-without taking into account the temperature force on the contact.At the same time,because of the incorrect calculation of currents according to the outdated formulas of Richardson-Langmuir-Deshman,there were also PROHIBITIONS.So the practitioners compensated for the errors of the theory with“empirical corrections”.So electronics engineers often made devices not according to a strict theory(which simply did not exist until now),but on a hunch and according to empirical local laws.And only the correction of the historical mistakes made it possible to expand the phenomenology of the description of processes in a Solid Body,on the basis of which it is possible to make calculations of highly efficient elements of Photo-Thermo-Electronics.
