N,N-Dimethylacetamide （DMAc） is a widely used organic solvent in modern chemical industry with low to moderate hepatotoxicity to occupational health of employees. But so far, there are fewer and less conclusive data...N,N-Dimethylacetamide （DMAc） is a widely used organic solvent in modern chemical industry with low to moderate hepatotoxicity to occupational health of employees. But so far, there are fewer and less conclusive data concerning its pathogenic mechanism in detail. In current study, the toxicity of DMAc was firstly investigated on human normal hepatocytes （LO-2）, using a series of molecular biology measurements to ananlyze the effect and mechanism of DMAc-induced hepatic cell injury and explore effective prophylactic measures. We found that DMAc triggered LO-2 apoptosis in a obviously dose-dependent manner, caused by increased ROS generation and activation of Bcl-2 pathway. Significantly, glutathione （GSH） rather than vitamin C （Vit C） could partially inhibit DMAc-induced apoptosis thus showing potential as a effective precaution for workers.展开更多
In the framework of the Santiago of Compostela Cathedral program, a multidisciplinary investigation of the porch of the glory was carried out between 2009 and 2011 to identify the main environmental risks and to devel...In the framework of the Santiago of Compostela Cathedral program, a multidisciplinary investigation of the porch of the glory was carried out between 2009 and 2011 to identify the main environmental risks and to develop a preventive conservation planto be integrated in the general management strategy of the Cathedral. The study included historic and archivist research, structural studies, mineralogical analyses, biological sampling, cleaning tests and microclimatic monitoring. The main weathering factors and the related damage processes were identified. Results have shown that the main responsible for the observed damage was the infiltration of rainwater through the roof, due to cracks in the structure of the Cathedral. Other environmental factors having a remarkable impact on the state of conservation of the polychrome and its substrate were the solar radiation, the thermo-hygrometric cycles, the particle deposition and the biological growth. Solutions were suggested to improve the environmental conditions, thus reducing further damage.展开更多
Traditional modular design methods lead to product maintenance problems, because the module form of a system is created according to either the function requirements or the manufacturing considerations. For solving th...Traditional modular design methods lead to product maintenance problems, because the module form of a system is created according to either the function requirements or the manufacturing considerations. For solving these problems, a new modular design method is proposed with the considerations of not only the traditional function related attributes, but also the maintenance related ones. First, modularity parameters and modularity scenarios for product modularity are defined. Then the reliability and economic assessment models of product modularity strategies are formulated with the introduction of the effective working age of modules. A mathematical model used to evaluate the difference among the modules of the product so that the optimal module of the product can be established. After that, a multi-objective optimization problem based on metrics for preventive maintenance interval different degrees and preventive maintenance economics is formulated for modular optimization. Multi-objective GA is utilized to rapidly approximate the Pareto set of optimal modularity strategy trade-offs between preventive maintenance cost and preventive maintenance interval difference degree. Finally, a coordinate CNC boring machine is adopted to depict the process of product modularity. In addition, two factorial design experiments based on the modularity parameters are constructed and analyzed. These experiments investigate the impacts of these parameters on the optimal modularity strategies and the structure of module. The research proposes a new modular design method, which may help to improve the maintainability of product in modular design.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to explore more on contributing factors and prevention of overweight and obesity among Pacific islanders.Methods:Using Cochrane library guideline,four electronic databases,PubMed,Embase,Scop...Objective:This study aimed to explore more on contributing factors and prevention of overweight and obesity among Pacific islanders.Methods:Using Cochrane library guideline,four electronic databases,PubMed,Embase,Scopus and CINAHL,were systematically searched from 2010 to 2020.Search strategy included key concepts,free text terms,and database-controlled vocabulary terms to identify articles on determinants and preventative strategies of overweight and obesity in the Pacific countries.A data extraction sheet was developed to extract relevant information required for analysis and theme development for this study.Results:A total of 22 articles were summarized and categorized.Determinants of overweight and obesity identified two themes:environmental related factors 13.6%(3/22)and sociocultural related factors 27.3%(6/22).The preventative strategies of overweight and obesity was categorized into behavioural change 22.7%(5/22),school-related 18.2%(4/22),and policies 50%(11/22).The quality assessment of articles showed“Good”68.2%(15/22),and“Fair”31.8%(7/22).Conclusion:This study highlighted two contributing,non-medication factors affecting overweight and obesity are both environmental and socio-cultural issues.Overweight and obesity preventative strategies identified in the Pacific context considered behavioural change,knowledge enhancement,and policy development.Further research should aim at exploring the current preventative strategies in-depth,to appreciate the most feasible and recommended preventative approach within the Pacific society.展开更多
New coronavirus pneumonia spread rapidly all over the world in the first half of 2020, which is a new respiratory disease with strong infectiousness. At present, the epidemic situation in China has been effectively co...New coronavirus pneumonia spread rapidly all over the world in the first half of 2020, which is a new respiratory disease with strong infectiousness. At present, the epidemic situation in China has been effectively controlled, but the global epidemic situation remains grim, and the National Health Commission has instructed that the prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia should become normalized. As outposts for surveillance of public health events, hospitals are an important front in the fight against the epidemic. Therefore, it is very crucial to construct infection prevention and control system actively to contain the outbreak. This paper analyzes and summarizes the normal prevention and control management strategy of Infection Control Branch Management (hereinafter referred to as Hospital Infection-Control Dept) in a certain designated comprehensive third-grade hospital in Guangdong Province and transforms the prevention and control means in emergency state into measures for sustainable development, which also provides basis and reference for Hospital Infection-Control Dept of medical institutions to formulate prevention and control guidelines.展开更多
Mucosal ulcers are a common yet often overlooked complication during orthodontic treatment,significantly impacting patient comfort and compliance.This letter aims to highlight the prevalence,potential causes,and manag...Mucosal ulcers are a common yet often overlooked complication during orthodontic treatment,significantly impacting patient comfort and compliance.This letter aims to highlight the prevalence,potential causes,and management strategies for mucosal ulcers in orthodontic patients.By reviewing recent literature and clinical observations,we underscore the necessity for proactive measures and tailored interventions to mitigate the incidence and severity of these lesions.Emphasizing the role of patient education and the use of protective devices,we call for a multidisciplinary approach to enhance patient care and treatment outcomes.This discussion is particularly relevant in the context of evolving orthodontic techniques and materials,which necessitate continuous adaptation of clinical practices to ensure patient safety and well-being.展开更多
As one of the basic industries, agriculture is the material production department of the national economy. As the direct output of agriculture, agricultural products are not only the main source of farmers economy, bu...As one of the basic industries, agriculture is the material production department of the national economy. As the direct output of agriculture, agricultural products are not only the main source of farmers economy, but also one of the raw materials of industrial products, which have a direct impact on the stable development of social economy. However, crop diseases and insect pests, as the main restricting factors of agricultural products production, directly affect the yield and quality of crops. Guizhou is located in the hinterland of southwest China. The main crops are potatoes, rice and wheat. Because of the scattered production and planting of crops, the uniformity of crop pest control in some areas of Guizhou is low, and the comprehensive quality of farmers engaged in production is low, which makes the effectiveness and quality of crop pest control low. In recent years, the variety and quantity of crop diseases and insect pests in Guizhou have increased, threatening the increase of agricultural production and farmers income. Under this background, it is particularly important to control the occurrence regularity and control strategies of crop diseases and insect pests. Therefore, this paper will analyze the occurrence regularity and control strategies of crop diseases and pests, so as to improve the effectiveness of pest control in Guizhou and promote the stable development of social economy.展开更多
Postoperative bleeding(POB)is a major complication following pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD),leading to significant morbidity and potential mortality.This minireview focuses on the prevention and management strategies for...Postoperative bleeding(POB)is a major complication following pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD),leading to significant morbidity and potential mortality.This minireview focuses on the prevention and management strategies for POB,synthesizing current evidence on surgical techniques,perioperative management,and postoperative interventions.Effective prevention strategies include the use of regional vessel wrapping,optimal pancreatic anastomosis,and meticulous intraoperative hemostasis.Postoperative management strategies,such as early detection using predictive models and advanced imaging,along with endovascular interventions like angiographic embolization and stent graft placement,are essential for timely intervention.Risk factors,including pancreatic texture,anticoagulation therapy,and patient comorbidities,further influence bleeding outcomes.The minireview also identifies gaps in current research and emphasizes the need for prospective randomized controlled trials to establish standardized protocols.Overall,a multidisciplinary approach combining surgical expertise,predictive analytics,and personalized care is essential to improving patient out comes and minimizing the risk of POB following PD.展开更多
As one of the most prevalent malignant tumors,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)represents a major global public health burden.Traditionally,HCC pathogenesis has been attributed to chronic liver diseases(viral hepatitis,ci...As one of the most prevalent malignant tumors,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)represents a major global public health burden.Traditionally,HCC pathogenesis has been attributed to chronic liver diseases(viral hepatitis,cirrhosis)and aflatoxin exposure.However,with evolving lifestyles and environmental changes,sleep disorders have become increasingly prevalent.Emerging evidence suggest that sleep disorders may contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis through multiple mechanisms,including immunity environment disorder,oxidative stress,metabolic dysregulation,disruption of gut microbiota,and circadian rhythm disruption,thereby influencing disease progression and patient prognosis.This review summarizes epidemiological evidence on the relationship between sleep disorders and HCC incidence,explores the underlying mechanisms through which sleep disorders contribute to HCC,and discusses clinical challenges and potential intervention strategies.Our objective is to provide novel insights into HCC prevention and therapeutic approaches.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colonic anastomotic leakage(AL)remains a feared complication of colorectal surgery.Usually,a defunctioning stoma or a proximal colostomy is performed to reduce the AL rate but cannot completely prevent AL.M...BACKGROUND Colonic anastomotic leakage(AL)remains a feared complication of colorectal surgery.Usually,a defunctioning stoma or a proximal colostomy is performed to reduce the AL rate but cannot completely prevent AL.Moreover,defunctioning colostomy is associated with high morbidity.This study assessed the feasibility of completely preventing colonic AL using total enteric flow diversion without a defunctioning stoma in a pig model of colonic AL.AIM To determine the feasibility of preventing colonic AL via total enteric flow diversion in pigs.METHODS A total of 14 pigs underwent surgery to create colon anaesthesia with severe defects for establishing the AL model.The pigs were then randomized into the control group(n=7),which received no further therapy,and a diversion group(n=7),which underwent placement of a modified ileostomy tube to divert the enteric contents from the colon externally.The general condition,serum Creactive protein level,white blood cell count,5-day incidence of colon AL,and development of abdominal abscesses were evaluated.RESULTS A modified ileostomy tube with a balloon was placed and pressurized to 20 kPa at a distance of 10-20 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve,effectively obstructing the intestine without causing injury and efficiently diverting the enteric contents.In the diversion group,no cases of peritonitis or abscess were observed.In contrast,all pigs in the control group developed either abdominal abscesses or peritonitis.CONCLUSION Instead of ileostomy or colostomy,the total enteric flow diversion technique with the placement of a modified ileostomy tube and balloon in the ileum can effectively or completely prevent colon AL.展开更多
The study analyzed the effect of dental caries prevention strategies on caries incidence,oral hygiene status and parental satisfaction.The results showed that the comprehensive application of multiple prevention strat...The study analyzed the effect of dental caries prevention strategies on caries incidence,oral hygiene status and parental satisfaction.The results showed that the comprehensive application of multiple prevention strategies can significantly reduce the incidence of dental caries,improve oral hygiene and improve parental satisfaction.By reviewing the literature at home and abroad in recent years,this paper aims to explore the effect of childhood caries prevention strategies in oral clinical application,and provides scientific basis and practical guidance for the prevention of childhood caries in oral clinical work.展开更多
This study presents a comprehensive overview of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)pancreatitis(PEP),detailing its epidemiology,pathophysiology,prevention,and treatment.PEP is the most common com...This study presents a comprehensive overview of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)pancreatitis(PEP),detailing its epidemiology,pathophysiology,prevention,and treatment.PEP is the most common complication of ERCP,with an incidence of 3%,16%,and above 20%in high-risk patients.Proposed mechanisms include mechanical trauma,pancreatic-duct(PD)hypertension,oxidative stress,and dysbiosis-driven inflammation.Mitochondrial oxidative stress is a central pathological driver:It activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and the STING pathway,perpetuating a deleterious“injury-inflammation"cycle.Risk factors encompass patient characteristics,procedural variables,and operator-related factors.Preventive strategies combine pharmacological and procedural measures.Rectal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),such as indomethacin,inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.European guidelines report that NSAIDs reduce the overall incidence of PEP,with odds ratios of 0.24-0.63.Subgroup analyses indicate the greatest benefit in high-risk cohorts,with mixed-risk groups also deriving more benefit than average-risk groups.In high-risk patients,prophylactic PD stenting markedly lowers PEP incidence by alleviating ductal hypertension.Aggressive fluid resuscitation enhances pancreatic perfusion and decreases the frequency of moderate-to-severe PEP.Recent therapeutic advances emphasize targeted interventions.Mitochondria-directed nanomedicines cross the blood-pancreas barrier,scavenge reactive oxygen species,and attenuate inflammatory cascades.A multidisciplinary team(MDT)approach optimizes infection control and manages complications in severe PEP,improving clinical outcomes.Future research should focus on addressing genetic susceptibility,developing novel targeted agents,and integrating artificial intelligence-assisted risk stratification to refine personalized prevention and therapy.This article reviews the epidemiological and pathophysiological foundations of PEP,evaluates evidencebased preventive strategies(e.g.,NSAIDs,pancreatic duct stenting),and discusses emerging approaches such as gene therapy.It also summarizes advances in treating mild and severe PEP,highlights the role of MDT care,identifies current knowledge gaps,and proposes directions for future research,including the discovery of novel biomarkers and the development of personalized preventive and therapeutic strategies.展开更多
As a major global public health issue,tuberculosis is closely related to multiple socio-ecological factors in its epidemiological patterns~([1]).China,as a high-burden country for tuberculosis,exhibits regional variat...As a major global public health issue,tuberculosis is closely related to multiple socio-ecological factors in its epidemiological patterns~([1]).China,as a high-burden country for tuberculosis,exhibits regional variations in the distribution of the tuberculosis epidemic.To enhance the efficiency of prevention and control,its strategies are undergoing a transition toward regionally differentiated approaches~([2]).展开更多
In this study, RT-PCR was performed on lung tissue samples from sick pigs in a suspected outbreak of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) at a pig farm in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, China. Positi...In this study, RT-PCR was performed on lung tissue samples from sick pigs in a suspected outbreak of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) at a pig farm in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, China. Positive samples were inoculated into Marc-145 cells to observe lesions. The Marc-145 cells with cytopathic lesions were identified by indirect immunofluorescence. The whole genome sequences of the isolated and purified strains were amplified by RT-PCR and analyzed for homology and genetic evolution. A strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), named SCMY2023 (GenBank No. PQ179742), was successfully isolated. SCMY2023 has a genome length of 15,321 base pairs (without a poly A tail). Nucleotide and amino acid homology analyses suggest that this strain belongs to Lineage 8, a variant of the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) prevalent in China. Recombination and genetic evolution analyses indicate that this isolate is a PRRSV variant that recombined with HuN-ZZ (Lineage 8, 98.79% homology) on the backbone of the SCSN2020 strain (Lineage 8, 99.35% homology) in the recombination region from 4407 to 13,107 nucleotides (ORF1a to ORF3). In-depth study of the genetic recombination of this isolate can provide a reference for the prevention and control of PRRS.展开更多
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome(AIDS)caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)infection poses a serious threat to global public health.This article comprehensively reviews the epidemiological characteristics of H...Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome(AIDS)caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)infection poses a serious threat to global public health.This article comprehensively reviews the epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection,including the global and domestic epidemic situation,transmission routes,and characteristics of high-risk groups.It also introduces comprehensive prevention and control strategies in detail.Through analysis,it aims to provide a reference for further optimizing HIV prevention and control work.展开更多
基金supported by Jiangsu Province’s Outstanding Medical Academic Leader Program(LJ201130)
文摘N,N-Dimethylacetamide （DMAc） is a widely used organic solvent in modern chemical industry with low to moderate hepatotoxicity to occupational health of employees. But so far, there are fewer and less conclusive data concerning its pathogenic mechanism in detail. In current study, the toxicity of DMAc was firstly investigated on human normal hepatocytes （LO-2）, using a series of molecular biology measurements to ananlyze the effect and mechanism of DMAc-induced hepatic cell injury and explore effective prophylactic measures. We found that DMAc triggered LO-2 apoptosis in a obviously dose-dependent manner, caused by increased ROS generation and activation of Bcl-2 pathway. Significantly, glutathione （GSH） rather than vitamin C （Vit C） could partially inhibit DMAc-induced apoptosis thus showing potential as a effective precaution for workers.
文摘In the framework of the Santiago of Compostela Cathedral program, a multidisciplinary investigation of the porch of the glory was carried out between 2009 and 2011 to identify the main environmental risks and to develop a preventive conservation planto be integrated in the general management strategy of the Cathedral. The study included historic and archivist research, structural studies, mineralogical analyses, biological sampling, cleaning tests and microclimatic monitoring. The main weathering factors and the related damage processes were identified. Results have shown that the main responsible for the observed damage was the infiltration of rainwater through the roof, due to cracks in the structure of the Cathedral. Other environmental factors having a remarkable impact on the state of conservation of the polychrome and its substrate were the solar radiation, the thermo-hygrometric cycles, the particle deposition and the biological growth. Solutions were suggested to improve the environmental conditions, thus reducing further damage.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51205347,51322506)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LR14E050003)+3 种基金Project of National Science and Technology Plan of China(Grant No.2013IM030500)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of ChinaInnovation Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power Transmission and Control of ChinaZhejiang University K.P.Chao’s High Technology Development Foundation of China
文摘Traditional modular design methods lead to product maintenance problems, because the module form of a system is created according to either the function requirements or the manufacturing considerations. For solving these problems, a new modular design method is proposed with the considerations of not only the traditional function related attributes, but also the maintenance related ones. First, modularity parameters and modularity scenarios for product modularity are defined. Then the reliability and economic assessment models of product modularity strategies are formulated with the introduction of the effective working age of modules. A mathematical model used to evaluate the difference among the modules of the product so that the optimal module of the product can be established. After that, a multi-objective optimization problem based on metrics for preventive maintenance interval different degrees and preventive maintenance economics is formulated for modular optimization. Multi-objective GA is utilized to rapidly approximate the Pareto set of optimal modularity strategy trade-offs between preventive maintenance cost and preventive maintenance interval difference degree. Finally, a coordinate CNC boring machine is adopted to depict the process of product modularity. In addition, two factorial design experiments based on the modularity parameters are constructed and analyzed. These experiments investigate the impacts of these parameters on the optimal modularity strategies and the structure of module. The research proposes a new modular design method, which may help to improve the maintainability of product in modular design.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to explore more on contributing factors and prevention of overweight and obesity among Pacific islanders.Methods:Using Cochrane library guideline,four electronic databases,PubMed,Embase,Scopus and CINAHL,were systematically searched from 2010 to 2020.Search strategy included key concepts,free text terms,and database-controlled vocabulary terms to identify articles on determinants and preventative strategies of overweight and obesity in the Pacific countries.A data extraction sheet was developed to extract relevant information required for analysis and theme development for this study.Results:A total of 22 articles were summarized and categorized.Determinants of overweight and obesity identified two themes:environmental related factors 13.6%(3/22)and sociocultural related factors 27.3%(6/22).The preventative strategies of overweight and obesity was categorized into behavioural change 22.7%(5/22),school-related 18.2%(4/22),and policies 50%(11/22).The quality assessment of articles showed“Good”68.2%(15/22),and“Fair”31.8%(7/22).Conclusion:This study highlighted two contributing,non-medication factors affecting overweight and obesity are both environmental and socio-cultural issues.Overweight and obesity preventative strategies identified in the Pacific context considered behavioural change,knowledge enhancement,and policy development.Further research should aim at exploring the current preventative strategies in-depth,to appreciate the most feasible and recommended preventative approach within the Pacific society.
文摘New coronavirus pneumonia spread rapidly all over the world in the first half of 2020, which is a new respiratory disease with strong infectiousness. At present, the epidemic situation in China has been effectively controlled, but the global epidemic situation remains grim, and the National Health Commission has instructed that the prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia should become normalized. As outposts for surveillance of public health events, hospitals are an important front in the fight against the epidemic. Therefore, it is very crucial to construct infection prevention and control system actively to contain the outbreak. This paper analyzes and summarizes the normal prevention and control management strategy of Infection Control Branch Management (hereinafter referred to as Hospital Infection-Control Dept) in a certain designated comprehensive third-grade hospital in Guangdong Province and transforms the prevention and control means in emergency state into measures for sustainable development, which also provides basis and reference for Hospital Infection-Control Dept of medical institutions to formulate prevention and control guidelines.
文摘Mucosal ulcers are a common yet often overlooked complication during orthodontic treatment,significantly impacting patient comfort and compliance.This letter aims to highlight the prevalence,potential causes,and management strategies for mucosal ulcers in orthodontic patients.By reviewing recent literature and clinical observations,we underscore the necessity for proactive measures and tailored interventions to mitigate the incidence and severity of these lesions.Emphasizing the role of patient education and the use of protective devices,we call for a multidisciplinary approach to enhance patient care and treatment outcomes.This discussion is particularly relevant in the context of evolving orthodontic techniques and materials,which necessitate continuous adaptation of clinical practices to ensure patient safety and well-being.
文摘As one of the basic industries, agriculture is the material production department of the national economy. As the direct output of agriculture, agricultural products are not only the main source of farmers economy, but also one of the raw materials of industrial products, which have a direct impact on the stable development of social economy. However, crop diseases and insect pests, as the main restricting factors of agricultural products production, directly affect the yield and quality of crops. Guizhou is located in the hinterland of southwest China. The main crops are potatoes, rice and wheat. Because of the scattered production and planting of crops, the uniformity of crop pest control in some areas of Guizhou is low, and the comprehensive quality of farmers engaged in production is low, which makes the effectiveness and quality of crop pest control low. In recent years, the variety and quantity of crop diseases and insect pests in Guizhou have increased, threatening the increase of agricultural production and farmers income. Under this background, it is particularly important to control the occurrence regularity and control strategies of crop diseases and insect pests. Therefore, this paper will analyze the occurrence regularity and control strategies of crop diseases and pests, so as to improve the effectiveness of pest control in Guizhou and promote the stable development of social economy.
文摘Postoperative bleeding(POB)is a major complication following pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD),leading to significant morbidity and potential mortality.This minireview focuses on the prevention and management strategies for POB,synthesizing current evidence on surgical techniques,perioperative management,and postoperative interventions.Effective prevention strategies include the use of regional vessel wrapping,optimal pancreatic anastomosis,and meticulous intraoperative hemostasis.Postoperative management strategies,such as early detection using predictive models and advanced imaging,along with endovascular interventions like angiographic embolization and stent graft placement,are essential for timely intervention.Risk factors,including pancreatic texture,anticoagulation therapy,and patient comorbidities,further influence bleeding outcomes.The minireview also identifies gaps in current research and emphasizes the need for prospective randomized controlled trials to establish standardized protocols.Overall,a multidisciplinary approach combining surgical expertise,predictive analytics,and personalized care is essential to improving patient out comes and minimizing the risk of POB following PD.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82270634.
文摘As one of the most prevalent malignant tumors,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)represents a major global public health burden.Traditionally,HCC pathogenesis has been attributed to chronic liver diseases(viral hepatitis,cirrhosis)and aflatoxin exposure.However,with evolving lifestyles and environmental changes,sleep disorders have become increasingly prevalent.Emerging evidence suggest that sleep disorders may contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis through multiple mechanisms,including immunity environment disorder,oxidative stress,metabolic dysregulation,disruption of gut microbiota,and circadian rhythm disruption,thereby influencing disease progression and patient prognosis.This review summarizes epidemiological evidence on the relationship between sleep disorders and HCC incidence,explores the underlying mechanisms through which sleep disorders contribute to HCC,and discusses clinical challenges and potential intervention strategies.Our objective is to provide novel insights into HCC prevention and therapeutic approaches.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University,No.2024XQLH027.
文摘BACKGROUND Colonic anastomotic leakage(AL)remains a feared complication of colorectal surgery.Usually,a defunctioning stoma or a proximal colostomy is performed to reduce the AL rate but cannot completely prevent AL.Moreover,defunctioning colostomy is associated with high morbidity.This study assessed the feasibility of completely preventing colonic AL using total enteric flow diversion without a defunctioning stoma in a pig model of colonic AL.AIM To determine the feasibility of preventing colonic AL via total enteric flow diversion in pigs.METHODS A total of 14 pigs underwent surgery to create colon anaesthesia with severe defects for establishing the AL model.The pigs were then randomized into the control group(n=7),which received no further therapy,and a diversion group(n=7),which underwent placement of a modified ileostomy tube to divert the enteric contents from the colon externally.The general condition,serum Creactive protein level,white blood cell count,5-day incidence of colon AL,and development of abdominal abscesses were evaluated.RESULTS A modified ileostomy tube with a balloon was placed and pressurized to 20 kPa at a distance of 10-20 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve,effectively obstructing the intestine without causing injury and efficiently diverting the enteric contents.In the diversion group,no cases of peritonitis or abscess were observed.In contrast,all pigs in the control group developed either abdominal abscesses or peritonitis.CONCLUSION Instead of ileostomy or colostomy,the total enteric flow diversion technique with the placement of a modified ileostomy tube and balloon in the ileum can effectively or completely prevent colon AL.
文摘The study analyzed the effect of dental caries prevention strategies on caries incidence,oral hygiene status and parental satisfaction.The results showed that the comprehensive application of multiple prevention strategies can significantly reduce the incidence of dental caries,improve oral hygiene and improve parental satisfaction.By reviewing the literature at home and abroad in recent years,this paper aims to explore the effect of childhood caries prevention strategies in oral clinical application,and provides scientific basis and practical guidance for the prevention of childhood caries in oral clinical work.
文摘This study presents a comprehensive overview of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)pancreatitis(PEP),detailing its epidemiology,pathophysiology,prevention,and treatment.PEP is the most common complication of ERCP,with an incidence of 3%,16%,and above 20%in high-risk patients.Proposed mechanisms include mechanical trauma,pancreatic-duct(PD)hypertension,oxidative stress,and dysbiosis-driven inflammation.Mitochondrial oxidative stress is a central pathological driver:It activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and the STING pathway,perpetuating a deleterious“injury-inflammation"cycle.Risk factors encompass patient characteristics,procedural variables,and operator-related factors.Preventive strategies combine pharmacological and procedural measures.Rectal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),such as indomethacin,inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.European guidelines report that NSAIDs reduce the overall incidence of PEP,with odds ratios of 0.24-0.63.Subgroup analyses indicate the greatest benefit in high-risk cohorts,with mixed-risk groups also deriving more benefit than average-risk groups.In high-risk patients,prophylactic PD stenting markedly lowers PEP incidence by alleviating ductal hypertension.Aggressive fluid resuscitation enhances pancreatic perfusion and decreases the frequency of moderate-to-severe PEP.Recent therapeutic advances emphasize targeted interventions.Mitochondria-directed nanomedicines cross the blood-pancreas barrier,scavenge reactive oxygen species,and attenuate inflammatory cascades.A multidisciplinary team(MDT)approach optimizes infection control and manages complications in severe PEP,improving clinical outcomes.Future research should focus on addressing genetic susceptibility,developing novel targeted agents,and integrating artificial intelligence-assisted risk stratification to refine personalized prevention and therapy.This article reviews the epidemiological and pathophysiological foundations of PEP,evaluates evidencebased preventive strategies(e.g.,NSAIDs,pancreatic duct stenting),and discusses emerging approaches such as gene therapy.It also summarizes advances in treating mild and severe PEP,highlights the role of MDT care,identifies current knowledge gaps,and proposes directions for future research,including the discovery of novel biomarkers and the development of personalized preventive and therapeutic strategies.
文摘As a major global public health issue,tuberculosis is closely related to multiple socio-ecological factors in its epidemiological patterns~([1]).China,as a high-burden country for tuberculosis,exhibits regional variations in the distribution of the tuberculosis epidemic.To enhance the efficiency of prevention and control,its strategies are undergoing a transition toward regionally differentiated approaches~([2]).
文摘In this study, RT-PCR was performed on lung tissue samples from sick pigs in a suspected outbreak of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) at a pig farm in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, China. Positive samples were inoculated into Marc-145 cells to observe lesions. The Marc-145 cells with cytopathic lesions were identified by indirect immunofluorescence. The whole genome sequences of the isolated and purified strains were amplified by RT-PCR and analyzed for homology and genetic evolution. A strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), named SCMY2023 (GenBank No. PQ179742), was successfully isolated. SCMY2023 has a genome length of 15,321 base pairs (without a poly A tail). Nucleotide and amino acid homology analyses suggest that this strain belongs to Lineage 8, a variant of the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) prevalent in China. Recombination and genetic evolution analyses indicate that this isolate is a PRRSV variant that recombined with HuN-ZZ (Lineage 8, 98.79% homology) on the backbone of the SCSN2020 strain (Lineage 8, 99.35% homology) in the recombination region from 4407 to 13,107 nucleotides (ORF1a to ORF3). In-depth study of the genetic recombination of this isolate can provide a reference for the prevention and control of PRRS.
文摘Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome(AIDS)caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)infection poses a serious threat to global public health.This article comprehensively reviews the epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection,including the global and domestic epidemic situation,transmission routes,and characteristics of high-risk groups.It also introduces comprehensive prevention and control strategies in detail.Through analysis,it aims to provide a reference for further optimizing HIV prevention and control work.
