Hypertensive ex—perimental studies pre—vented and treated byTCM are matured re|e—rant studies of westernmedicine for reference,such as the hypotensiveeffect and elucidating itstherapeutic mechanism.Comprehension in...Hypertensive ex—perimental studies pre—vented and treated byTCM are matured re|e—rant studies of westernmedicine for reference,such as the hypotensiveeffect and elucidating itstherapeutic mechanism.Comprehension in allliteratures,most simpleherbs and compound展开更多
Cervical cancer prevention requires a multipronged approach involving primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. The key element under primary prevention is human papilloma virus(HPV) vaccination. So far, only prophy...Cervical cancer prevention requires a multipronged approach involving primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. The key element under primary prevention is human papilloma virus(HPV) vaccination. So far, only prophylactic HPV vaccines which prevent HPV infection by one or more subtypes are commercially available. Therapeutic HPV vaccines which aid in clearing established infection are still under trial. Secondary prevention entails early detection of precancerous lesions and its success is determined by the population coverage and the efficacy of the screening technique. A number of techniques are in use, including cytology, visual inspection(using the naked eye, magnivisualizer, acetic acid and Lugol's iodine), HPV testing and a combination of these methods. Updated screening guidelines have been advocated by the American Cancer Society in light of the role of HPV on cervical carcinogenesis. Recent research has also focussed on novel biomarkers that can predict progression to cancer in screen positive women and help to differentiate those who need treatment from those who can be left for follow-up. Last but not the least, effective treatment of precancerous lesions can help to reduce the incidence of invasive cervical cancer and this constitutes tertiary prevention.A combination of these approaches can help to prevent the burden of cervical cancer and its antecedent morbidity and mortality, but all of these are not feasible in all settings due to resource and allocation constraints. Thus, all countries, especially low and middle income ones, have to determine their own cocktail of approaches that work before we can say with certainty that yes, cervical cancer can be prevented.展开更多
During 1984 to 1990, a comparative etiologic studyand primary prevention for stomach cancer was carriedout in a high risk area in Zhuanghe County of LiaoningProvince. Because of the increase of consumption of fr-esh v...During 1984 to 1990, a comparative etiologic studyand primary prevention for stomach cancer was carriedout in a high risk area in Zhuanghe County of LiaoningProvince. Because of the increase of consumption of fr-esh vegetables and fruits (Protective factors), decreaseof eating salted pork and fishes which was verified tohave strong mutagenecity (risk factors), acute inflamma-tion and erosions accompanying with chronic gastritis havegot striking improvement. At the same time, serum betac-arotene also raised gradually. The authors stressed thatimprovement of economic situation and dietary habits mayplay an important role in primary prevention of precurso-res of stomach cancer but decrease of incidence of thiscancer is an event of 30 years or more later as the letentperiod of stomach cancer is rather long.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on the article published by Agatsuma et al in a recent issue of the World J Gastroenterol(2024;30:1368-1376).We firmly concur with Agatsuma et al regarding the vital significance of colore...In this editorial,we comment on the article published by Agatsuma et al in a recent issue of the World J Gastroenterol(2024;30:1368-1376).We firmly concur with Agatsuma et al regarding the vital significance of colorectal cancer(CRC)screening as a public health strategy to diminish disease burden.Individuals exposed to risk factors for CRC,those with comorbid conditions,and those with limited health literacy should undergo screening.However,we believe that more regular screenings should be accompanied by a greater focus on primary prevention(PP)of CRC.CRC remains a significant global health challenge,and its incidence is strongly linked to age,lifestyle,and socioeconomic factors.It is particularly noteworthy that the majority of CRC patients are diagnosed outside of established screening pathways and frequently at an advanced stage of the disease,and the majority of patients possess inadequate or even nonexistent knowledge regarding CRC,which significantly impacts the prognosis and imposes a substantial economic burden.This study revealed that CRC identified during hospital visits for comorbid conditions was typically diagnosed at an earlier stage than detected via symptomatic pathways.Remarkably,early incidental detection of CRC aligns closely with the timing of discovery through routine cancer screenings.This suggests that by adopting more inclusive screening protocols that combine opportunistic testing with traditional screening methods,health care systems can create a more comprehensive safety net for individuals at risk of CRC.However,before maximizing the health benefits of screening programs,it is essential to make additional efforts prior to screening,such as raising awareness via public education,risk assessment,and personalized recommendations,enhancing the knowledge and skills of health care professionals,optimizing the accessibility and convenience of screening processes,ensuring the quality and safety of screening services,strengthening follow-up and support systems,and providing policy support and financial investment.The establishment of a comprehensive screening system often requires substantial investment in human,material,and financial resources,which can be challenging to achieve in regions with limited health care resources.Strengthening PP strategies can reduce the disease burden by targeting the cause,representing a more cost-effective and impactful approach.Establishing a comprehensive cancer PP service platform that integrates authoritative public education on malignant tumor PP,individualized malignant tumor risk assessment,and self-health management assistance accessible to the entire population will significantly enhance the overall effectiveness of CRC PP strategies.展开更多
Background:In 2021,the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics(ACMG)recommended reporting actionable genotypes in 73 genes associated with diseases for which preventive or therapeutic measures are available....Background:In 2021,the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics(ACMG)recommended reporting actionable genotypes in 73 genes associated with diseases for which preventive or therapeutic measures are available.Evaluations of the association of actionable genotypes in these genes with life span are currently lacking.展开更多
China’s coastal regions,characterized by dense populations and industrial agglomeration,face escalating threats from typhoon disasters.Understanding the evolution of socio-economic exposure to future typhoon landfall...China’s coastal regions,characterized by dense populations and industrial agglomeration,face escalating threats from typhoon disasters.Understanding the evolution of socio-economic exposure to future typhoon landfalls under global change is critical for effective disaster risk management.This study utilizes future typhoon track data simulated by the regional climate model version 4(RegCM4),combined with projected population and Gross Domestic Product(GDP)data for China’s coastal regions under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs:SSP1,sustainability;SSP2,middle of the road;SSP5,fossil-fueled development).We analyze typhoon impact zones for future periods(2030s,2050s,and 2090s)under Representative Concentration Pathways(RCPs:RCP2.6,RCP4.5,and RCP8.5,representing low,medium,and high greenhouse gas emission scenarios,respectively).Exposure levels for 2030,2050,and 2100 are calculated based on the annual average frequency of typhoon impacts during these periods,aiming to quantify the distribution characteristics of typhoon-affected population and GDP in China’s coastal regions.Key findings reveal two high-frequency typhoon im-pact zones:the Taiwan Strait region and the northern Qiongzhou Strait region.Furthermore,under RCP2.6,typhoon impacts may ex-tend to Liaoning,while RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios indicate potential impacts reaching further north to Heilongjiang.Under RCP4.5,Northeast China will experience the largest typhoon-affected area(43.800×10^(4) km^(2))by the 2030s.High population and GDP exposure concentrates in the Yangtze River Delta,the Pearl River Delta,and the Taiwan Strait coastal areas.Notably,Liaoning’s cumulative ex-posed population may exceed 0.100×10^(8) by 2030 and 2050 under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 due to typhoon track migration.Given China’s location within the Western Pacific typhoon high-incidence region,the northward expansion of impacts will substantially escalate socio-economic exposure in mid-latitude regions previously at lower risk.These findings underscore the imperative for enhanced disaster pre-vention,mitigation strategies and targeted countermeasure research.展开更多
Acute exposure to high altitude can cause acute altitude illnesses and is associated with impaired cognitive and physical performance.The most effective preventive strategies currently recommended include environmenta...Acute exposure to high altitude can cause acute altitude illnesses and is associated with impaired cognitive and physical performance.The most effective preventive strategies currently recommended include environmental acclimatization(slow ascent and/or pre-acclimatization)or pharmacological support of acclimatization using acetazolamide.However,these strategies are not practical for high-altitude exposures that require rapid and unplanned ascent,high physical and mental performance,such as rescue missions or military operations.Dexamethasone and other modulators of the glucocorticoid system take effect quickly and are effective alternatives for preventing acute altitude illnesses when rapidly ascending to high altitudes.As the efficacy of dexamethasone in preventing acute mountain illnesses remains controversial,a review of existing studies on the use of dexamethasone for the prevention of acute mountain sickness was conducted,aiming to determine the best strategy.Possible mechanisms of protection against acute altitude illnesses are discussed based on the results of clinical trials.The data indicate that dexamethasone is most effective at altitudes above 4000 m at doses of 8–16 mg/d.Appropriately designed and powered trials are needed to obtain more evidence-based results on the dosage and timing of dexamethasone administration,and to provide optimized recommendations for the application of this powerful pharmacological tool.展开更多
AIM:To conduct a systematic review and Meta-analysis to determine the differential effects of combined lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on myopia prevention in teenagers.It also investigates the effects of supple...AIM:To conduct a systematic review and Meta-analysis to determine the differential effects of combined lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on myopia prevention in teenagers.It also investigates the effects of supplements dosage,intervention duration,and geographical variation on intervention results.METHODS:A systematic search and screening of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)completed between 2014 and 2023 was undertaken using the PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science databases,in accordance with the PRISMA recommendations.The Cochrane risk of bias method was used to assess the quality of the studies.A Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 to calculate standardized mean differences(SMDs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Subgroup analyses were performed to look at the effects of different doses,intervention periods,and geographic areas.Additionally,publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test.RESULTS:Ten studies including 1035 participants with myopia were analyzed.Supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin resulted in a significant reduction in axial length elongation among adolescents in the intervention group(SMD=-0.40,P=0.001),an increase in macular pigment optical density(SMD=0.50,P=0.010),and an enhancement in visual sensitivity(SMD=0.53,P=0.008).Subgroup analyses revealed that participants receiving high doses and those undergoing intervention for more than 12mo exhibited significantly improved outcomes compared to those in the low-dose and short-term groups(high-dose vs low-dose:SMD=-0.41 vs-0.22,P=0.003;>12mo vs 6-12mo:SMD=-0.43 vs-0.23,P=0.004,respectively).Furthermore,Egger’s test indicated no significant publication bias(P=0.094).CONCLUSION:Combined lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation has a significant effect on myopia prevention in adolescents,with more pronounced benefits observed in high-dose and long-term interventions.The findings provide scientific evidence for its use as an adjunctive approach in myopia control.展开更多
BACKGROUND Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis(PEP)is a prevalent and potentially serious complication in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.AIM To comprehe...BACKGROUND Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis(PEP)is a prevalent and potentially serious complication in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.AIM To comprehensively assess the efficacy of indomethacin therapy in reducing PEP risk.METHODS We searched PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,and Cochrane Library databases to identify randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that compared rectal indomethacin with a control group to prevent PEP.Duplicates were removed,and studies were included based on the established inclusion criteria.We used the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool to assess the risk of bias in the RCTs.A random-effects model was applied to produce pooled risk ratios(RRs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs).RESULTS We included a total of 30 RCTs involving 16977 patients.Compared to the control group,rectal indomethacin showed comparable rates of overall PEP(PEP;RR=0.85,95%CI:0.69-1.04,I2=79%)with no statistically significant difference of RR in mild(RR=0.92,95%CI:0.74-1.14),moderate(RR=0.78,95%CI:0.59-1.02),or severe PEP(RR=1.12,95%CI:0.75-1.67).There was also no difference in cases of adverse events(RR=0.97,95%CI:0.69-1.35),abdominal pain(RR=1.14,95%CI:0.80-1.62),bleeding(RR=1.07,95%CI:0.70-1.63),or mortality(RR=0.86,95%CI:0.56-1.33)between the two groups.Subgroup analyses were also performed.CONCLUSION Rectal indomethacin appears to be safe and may offer benefit in selected high-risk patients,though findings should be interpreted with caution due to high heterogeneity.展开更多
Challenges in the prevention and treatment of mild cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease:Increased life expectancy due to advancements in medical care has given rise to an aging population,accom...Challenges in the prevention and treatment of mild cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease:Increased life expectancy due to advancements in medical care has given rise to an aging population,accompanied by a surge in the incidence of incurable neurodegenerative diseases(NDDs).These diseases primarily affect the cognitive and behavioral functions of older adults by impacting brain activity.Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a neurodegenerative condition that affects a significant portion of the population.展开更多
Tooth developmental anomalies are a group of disorders caused by unfavorable factors affecting the tooth development process,resulting in abnormalities in tooth number,structure,and morphology.These anomalies typicall...Tooth developmental anomalies are a group of disorders caused by unfavorable factors affecting the tooth development process,resulting in abnormalities in tooth number,structure,and morphology.These anomalies typically manifest during childhood,impairing dental function,maxillofacial development,and facial aesthetics,while also potentially impacting overall physical and mental health.The complex etiology and diverse clinical phenotypes of these anomalies pose significant challenges for prevention,early diagnosis,and treatment.As they usually emerge early in life,long-term management and multidisciplinary collaboration in dental care are essential.However,there is currently a lack of systematic clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions,adding to the difficulties in clinical practice.In response to this need,this expert consensus summarizes the classifications,etiology,typical clinical manifestations,and diagnostic criteria of tooth developmental anomalies based on current clinical evidence.It also provides prevention strategies and stage-specific clinical management recommendations to guide clinicians in diagnosis and treatment,promoting early intervention and standardized care for these anomalies.展开更多
With the intensification of population aging,knee and hip joint replacement surgeries have become core methods for treating end-stage joint diseases,with over a million cases performed globally each year.Postoperative...With the intensification of population aging,knee and hip joint replacement surgeries have become core methods for treating end-stage joint diseases,with over a million cases performed globally each year.Postoperative rehabilitation nursing,as a crucial aspect of enhancing surgical outcomes,reducing complications,and facilitating patients’return to normal life,has its scientific and effective protocols directly influencing patient prognosis.This article systematically reviews the core research findings on rehabilitation nursing after joint replacement surgery based on the concept of evidence-based medicine,aiming to provide references for the formulation of standardized and personalized rehabilitation nursing plans in clinical settings.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease,a devastating neurodegenerative disorder,is characterized by progressive cognitive decline,primarily due to amyloid-beta protein deposition and tau protein phosphorylation.Effectively reducing the...Alzheimer’s disease,a devastating neurodegenerative disorder,is characterized by progressive cognitive decline,primarily due to amyloid-beta protein deposition and tau protein phosphorylation.Effectively reducing the cytotoxicity of amyloid-beta42 aggregates and tau oligomers may help slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.Conventional drugs,such as donepezil,can only alleviate symptoms and are not able to prevent the underlying pathological processes or cognitive decline.Currently,active and passive immunotherapies targeting amyloid-beta and tau have shown some efficacy in mice with asymptomatic Alzheimer’s disease and other transgenic animal models,attracting considerable attention.However,the clinical application of these immunotherapies demonstrated only limited efficacy before the discovery of lecanemab and donanemab.This review first discusses the advancements in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and active and passive immunotherapies targeting amyloid-beta and tau proteins.Furthermore,it reviews the advantages and disadvantages of various immunotherapies and considers their future prospects.Although some antibodies have shown promise in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease,substantial clinical data are still lacking to validate their effectiveness in individuals with moderate Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
Rabies is a zoonotic disease with an estimated global mortality of 59,000 people annually and a burden of more than 3.7 million disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)that is caused by a neurotropic lyssavirus[1].Dogs a...Rabies is a zoonotic disease with an estimated global mortality of 59,000 people annually and a burden of more than 3.7 million disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)that is caused by a neurotropic lyssavirus[1].Dogs are the primary source of human rabies,as more than 95%of human cases can be traced to dogs[2,3].China faces a substantial burden of rabies,having endured three major human rabies epidemics,which occurred in the 1950s,1981,and 2007[4].Implementation of various prevention and control measures has decreased the number of human rabies cases from 3,300 in 2007 to 167 in 2024.In China.展开更多
BCL2-associated anthanogene 3 facilitates the clearance of tau protein aggregates:BCL2-associated anthanogene 3(BAG3)is a ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved multi-functional co-chaperone protein involved in m...BCL2-associated anthanogene 3 facilitates the clearance of tau protein aggregates:BCL2-associated anthanogene 3(BAG3)is a ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved multi-functional co-chaperone protein involved in many biological processes that supports cellular homeostasis,including the inhibition of apoptosis by preventing mitochondrial BAX localization(Lin et al.,2022)and the promotion of the degradation of hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates by its interactions with SQSTM1(p62)(Hamano and Mutoh,2022).展开更多
Deepfake is a sort of fake media made by advanced AI methods like Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs).Deepfake technology has many useful uses in education and entertainment,but it also raises a lot of ethical,socia...Deepfake is a sort of fake media made by advanced AI methods like Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs).Deepfake technology has many useful uses in education and entertainment,but it also raises a lot of ethical,social,and security issues,such as identity theft,the dissemination of false information,and privacy violations.This study seeks to provide a comprehensive analysis of several methods for identifying and circumventing Deepfakes,with a particular focus on image-based Deepfakes.There are three main types of detection methods:classical,machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)-based,and hybrid methods.There are three main types of preventative methods:technical,legal,and moral.The study investigates the effectiveness of several detection approaches,such as convolutional neural networks(CNNs),frequency domain analysis,and hybrid CNN-LSTM models,focusing on the respective advantages and disadvantages of each method.We also look at new technologies like Explainable Artificial Intelligence(XAI)and blockchain-based frameworks.The essay looks at the use of algorithmic protocols,watermarking,and blockchain-based content verification as possible ways to stop certain things from happening.Recent advancements,including adversarial training and anti-Deepfake data generation,are essential because of their potential to alleviate rising concerns.This reviewshows that there aremajor problems,such as the difficulty of improving the capabilities of existing systems,the high running expenses,and the risk of being attacked by enemies.It stresses the importance of working together across fields,including academia,business,and government,to create robust,scalable,and ethical solutions.Themain goals of futurework should be to create lightweight,real-timedetection systems,connect them to large language models(LLMs),and put in place worldwide regulatory frameworks.This essay argues for a complete and varied plan to keep digital information real and build confidence in a time when media is driven by artificial intelligence.It uses both technical and non-technical means.展开更多
Healthy life expectancy is a pivotal measure of population health by integrating both life expectancy and the quality of years lived.A significant increase in life expectancy was evident in most populations during the...Healthy life expectancy is a pivotal measure of population health by integrating both life expectancy and the quality of years lived.A significant increase in life expectancy was evident in most populations during the past decades worldwide[1],but the growth in healthy life expectancy has generally lagged behind[2].China has made substantial strides in enhancing both life expectancy and healthy life expectancy.展开更多
The rise of the aging population parallels the rapidly increasing cases of neurological disorders. This puts pressure on scientists and physicians to find novel methods that can prevent and treat neurodegeneration. Th...The rise of the aging population parallels the rapidly increasing cases of neurological disorders. This puts pressure on scientists and physicians to find novel methods that can prevent and treat neurodegeneration. The brain is made up of a complex network of different cell types that work in tandem to maintain systemic homeostasis.展开更多
This study developed a modeling methodology for statistical optimization-based geologic hazard susceptibility assessment,aiming to enhance the comprehensive performance and classification accuracy of the assessment mo...This study developed a modeling methodology for statistical optimization-based geologic hazard susceptibility assessment,aiming to enhance the comprehensive performance and classification accuracy of the assessment models.First,the cumulative probability method revealed that a low probability(15%)of geologic hazards between any two geologic hazard points occurred outside a buffer zone with a radius of 2297 m(i.e.,the distance threshold).The training dataset was established,consisting of negative samples(non-hazard points)randomly generated based on the distance threshold,positive samples(i.e.,historical hazards),and 13 conditioning factors.Then,models were built using five machine learning algorithms,namely random forest(RF),gradient boosting decision tree(GBDT),naive Bayes(NB),logistic regression(LR),and support vector machine(SVM).The comprehensive performance of the models was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)and overall accuracy(OA)as indicators,revealing that RF exhibited the best performance,with OA and AUC values of 2.7127 and 0.981,respectively.Furthermore,the machine learning models constructed by considering the distance threshold outperformed those built using the unoptimized dataset.The characteristic factors were ranked using the mutual information method,with their scores decreasing in the order of rainfall(0.1616),altitude(0.06),normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI;0.04),and distance from roads(0.03).Finally,the geologic hazard susceptibility classification was assessed using the natural breaks method combined with a clustering algorithm.The results indicate that the clustering algorithm exhibited higher classification accuracy than the natural breaks method.The findings of this study demonstrate that the proposed model optimization scheme can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of geologic hazards.展开更多
As a critical department ensuring the sterility of hospital instruments,the Sterile Supply Center(SSC)directly impacts the sterility status of clinical instruments through its sterilization qualification rate.Geriatri...As a critical department ensuring the sterility of hospital instruments,the Sterile Supply Center(SSC)directly impacts the sterility status of clinical instruments through its sterilization qualification rate.Geriatric patients,due to physiological decline and compromised immune function,constitute a high-risk group for hospital-acquired infections,with more stringent requirements for instrument sterility.This paper analyzes the current status and influencing factors of sterilization qualification rates in SSCs,explores the mechanistic association between sterilization qualification rates and infections in geriatric departments,and proposes targeted strategies to improve sterilization qualification rates.It highlights the pivotal role of SSC instrument sterilization in infection prevention and control for geriatric patients,providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing SSC management,reducing infection rates in geriatric departments,and ensuring the safety of elderly patients’medical care.These findings aim to enhance overall infection management standards in hospitals.展开更多
文摘Hypertensive ex—perimental studies pre—vented and treated byTCM are matured re|e—rant studies of westernmedicine for reference,such as the hypotensiveeffect and elucidating itstherapeutic mechanism.Comprehension in allliteratures,most simpleherbs and compound
文摘Cervical cancer prevention requires a multipronged approach involving primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. The key element under primary prevention is human papilloma virus(HPV) vaccination. So far, only prophylactic HPV vaccines which prevent HPV infection by one or more subtypes are commercially available. Therapeutic HPV vaccines which aid in clearing established infection are still under trial. Secondary prevention entails early detection of precancerous lesions and its success is determined by the population coverage and the efficacy of the screening technique. A number of techniques are in use, including cytology, visual inspection(using the naked eye, magnivisualizer, acetic acid and Lugol's iodine), HPV testing and a combination of these methods. Updated screening guidelines have been advocated by the American Cancer Society in light of the role of HPV on cervical carcinogenesis. Recent research has also focussed on novel biomarkers that can predict progression to cancer in screen positive women and help to differentiate those who need treatment from those who can be left for follow-up. Last but not the least, effective treatment of precancerous lesions can help to reduce the incidence of invasive cervical cancer and this constitutes tertiary prevention.A combination of these approaches can help to prevent the burden of cervical cancer and its antecedent morbidity and mortality, but all of these are not feasible in all settings due to resource and allocation constraints. Thus, all countries, especially low and middle income ones, have to determine their own cocktail of approaches that work before we can say with certainty that yes, cervical cancer can be prevented.
基金This research was supported in part by a Grant-Aid for Oversea Cancer Research from the Ministry of Education,Science and Cultrue of Japan and reported at the 9th Asia Pacific Cancer Conference(Lahore, Pakistan, 1989) and the 15th International Cancer Co
文摘During 1984 to 1990, a comparative etiologic studyand primary prevention for stomach cancer was carriedout in a high risk area in Zhuanghe County of LiaoningProvince. Because of the increase of consumption of fr-esh vegetables and fruits (Protective factors), decreaseof eating salted pork and fishes which was verified tohave strong mutagenecity (risk factors), acute inflamma-tion and erosions accompanying with chronic gastritis havegot striking improvement. At the same time, serum betac-arotene also raised gradually. The authors stressed thatimprovement of economic situation and dietary habits mayplay an important role in primary prevention of precurso-res of stomach cancer but decrease of incidence of thiscancer is an event of 30 years or more later as the letentperiod of stomach cancer is rather long.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the article published by Agatsuma et al in a recent issue of the World J Gastroenterol(2024;30:1368-1376).We firmly concur with Agatsuma et al regarding the vital significance of colorectal cancer(CRC)screening as a public health strategy to diminish disease burden.Individuals exposed to risk factors for CRC,those with comorbid conditions,and those with limited health literacy should undergo screening.However,we believe that more regular screenings should be accompanied by a greater focus on primary prevention(PP)of CRC.CRC remains a significant global health challenge,and its incidence is strongly linked to age,lifestyle,and socioeconomic factors.It is particularly noteworthy that the majority of CRC patients are diagnosed outside of established screening pathways and frequently at an advanced stage of the disease,and the majority of patients possess inadequate or even nonexistent knowledge regarding CRC,which significantly impacts the prognosis and imposes a substantial economic burden.This study revealed that CRC identified during hospital visits for comorbid conditions was typically diagnosed at an earlier stage than detected via symptomatic pathways.Remarkably,early incidental detection of CRC aligns closely with the timing of discovery through routine cancer screenings.This suggests that by adopting more inclusive screening protocols that combine opportunistic testing with traditional screening methods,health care systems can create a more comprehensive safety net for individuals at risk of CRC.However,before maximizing the health benefits of screening programs,it is essential to make additional efforts prior to screening,such as raising awareness via public education,risk assessment,and personalized recommendations,enhancing the knowledge and skills of health care professionals,optimizing the accessibility and convenience of screening processes,ensuring the quality and safety of screening services,strengthening follow-up and support systems,and providing policy support and financial investment.The establishment of a comprehensive screening system often requires substantial investment in human,material,and financial resources,which can be challenging to achieve in regions with limited health care resources.Strengthening PP strategies can reduce the disease burden by targeting the cause,representing a more cost-effective and impactful approach.Establishing a comprehensive cancer PP service platform that integrates authoritative public education on malignant tumor PP,individualized malignant tumor risk assessment,and self-health management assistance accessible to the entire population will significantly enhance the overall effectiveness of CRC PP strategies.
文摘Background:In 2021,the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics(ACMG)recommended reporting actionable genotypes in 73 genes associated with diseases for which preventive or therapeutic measures are available.Evaluations of the association of actionable genotypes in these genes with life span are currently lacking.
基金Under the auspices of National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFA0604902,2024YFF1306802)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2022J01497)Open Project of the Strait Meteorology Laboratory(No.2025KF03)。
文摘China’s coastal regions,characterized by dense populations and industrial agglomeration,face escalating threats from typhoon disasters.Understanding the evolution of socio-economic exposure to future typhoon landfalls under global change is critical for effective disaster risk management.This study utilizes future typhoon track data simulated by the regional climate model version 4(RegCM4),combined with projected population and Gross Domestic Product(GDP)data for China’s coastal regions under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs:SSP1,sustainability;SSP2,middle of the road;SSP5,fossil-fueled development).We analyze typhoon impact zones for future periods(2030s,2050s,and 2090s)under Representative Concentration Pathways(RCPs:RCP2.6,RCP4.5,and RCP8.5,representing low,medium,and high greenhouse gas emission scenarios,respectively).Exposure levels for 2030,2050,and 2100 are calculated based on the annual average frequency of typhoon impacts during these periods,aiming to quantify the distribution characteristics of typhoon-affected population and GDP in China’s coastal regions.Key findings reveal two high-frequency typhoon im-pact zones:the Taiwan Strait region and the northern Qiongzhou Strait region.Furthermore,under RCP2.6,typhoon impacts may ex-tend to Liaoning,while RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios indicate potential impacts reaching further north to Heilongjiang.Under RCP4.5,Northeast China will experience the largest typhoon-affected area(43.800×10^(4) km^(2))by the 2030s.High population and GDP exposure concentrates in the Yangtze River Delta,the Pearl River Delta,and the Taiwan Strait coastal areas.Notably,Liaoning’s cumulative ex-posed population may exceed 0.100×10^(8) by 2030 and 2050 under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 due to typhoon track migration.Given China’s location within the Western Pacific typhoon high-incidence region,the northward expansion of impacts will substantially escalate socio-economic exposure in mid-latitude regions previously at lower risk.These findings underscore the imperative for enhanced disaster pre-vention,mitigation strategies and targeted countermeasure research.
文摘Acute exposure to high altitude can cause acute altitude illnesses and is associated with impaired cognitive and physical performance.The most effective preventive strategies currently recommended include environmental acclimatization(slow ascent and/or pre-acclimatization)or pharmacological support of acclimatization using acetazolamide.However,these strategies are not practical for high-altitude exposures that require rapid and unplanned ascent,high physical and mental performance,such as rescue missions or military operations.Dexamethasone and other modulators of the glucocorticoid system take effect quickly and are effective alternatives for preventing acute altitude illnesses when rapidly ascending to high altitudes.As the efficacy of dexamethasone in preventing acute mountain illnesses remains controversial,a review of existing studies on the use of dexamethasone for the prevention of acute mountain sickness was conducted,aiming to determine the best strategy.Possible mechanisms of protection against acute altitude illnesses are discussed based on the results of clinical trials.The data indicate that dexamethasone is most effective at altitudes above 4000 m at doses of 8–16 mg/d.Appropriately designed and powered trials are needed to obtain more evidence-based results on the dosage and timing of dexamethasone administration,and to provide optimized recommendations for the application of this powerful pharmacological tool.
文摘AIM:To conduct a systematic review and Meta-analysis to determine the differential effects of combined lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on myopia prevention in teenagers.It also investigates the effects of supplements dosage,intervention duration,and geographical variation on intervention results.METHODS:A systematic search and screening of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)completed between 2014 and 2023 was undertaken using the PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science databases,in accordance with the PRISMA recommendations.The Cochrane risk of bias method was used to assess the quality of the studies.A Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 to calculate standardized mean differences(SMDs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Subgroup analyses were performed to look at the effects of different doses,intervention periods,and geographic areas.Additionally,publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test.RESULTS:Ten studies including 1035 participants with myopia were analyzed.Supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin resulted in a significant reduction in axial length elongation among adolescents in the intervention group(SMD=-0.40,P=0.001),an increase in macular pigment optical density(SMD=0.50,P=0.010),and an enhancement in visual sensitivity(SMD=0.53,P=0.008).Subgroup analyses revealed that participants receiving high doses and those undergoing intervention for more than 12mo exhibited significantly improved outcomes compared to those in the low-dose and short-term groups(high-dose vs low-dose:SMD=-0.41 vs-0.22,P=0.003;>12mo vs 6-12mo:SMD=-0.43 vs-0.23,P=0.004,respectively).Furthermore,Egger’s test indicated no significant publication bias(P=0.094).CONCLUSION:Combined lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation has a significant effect on myopia prevention in adolescents,with more pronounced benefits observed in high-dose and long-term interventions.The findings provide scientific evidence for its use as an adjunctive approach in myopia control.
文摘BACKGROUND Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis(PEP)is a prevalent and potentially serious complication in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.AIM To comprehensively assess the efficacy of indomethacin therapy in reducing PEP risk.METHODS We searched PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,and Cochrane Library databases to identify randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that compared rectal indomethacin with a control group to prevent PEP.Duplicates were removed,and studies were included based on the established inclusion criteria.We used the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool to assess the risk of bias in the RCTs.A random-effects model was applied to produce pooled risk ratios(RRs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs).RESULTS We included a total of 30 RCTs involving 16977 patients.Compared to the control group,rectal indomethacin showed comparable rates of overall PEP(PEP;RR=0.85,95%CI:0.69-1.04,I2=79%)with no statistically significant difference of RR in mild(RR=0.92,95%CI:0.74-1.14),moderate(RR=0.78,95%CI:0.59-1.02),or severe PEP(RR=1.12,95%CI:0.75-1.67).There was also no difference in cases of adverse events(RR=0.97,95%CI:0.69-1.35),abdominal pain(RR=1.14,95%CI:0.80-1.62),bleeding(RR=1.07,95%CI:0.70-1.63),or mortality(RR=0.86,95%CI:0.56-1.33)between the two groups.Subgroup analyses were also performed.CONCLUSION Rectal indomethacin appears to be safe and may offer benefit in selected high-risk patients,though findings should be interpreted with caution due to high heterogeneity.
基金supported by The Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(RS-2023-00244901)(to RB)。
文摘Challenges in the prevention and treatment of mild cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease:Increased life expectancy due to advancements in medical care has given rise to an aging population,accompanied by a surge in the incidence of incurable neurodegenerative diseases(NDDs).These diseases primarily affect the cognitive and behavioral functions of older adults by impacting brain activity.Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a neurodegenerative condition that affects a significant portion of the population.
基金supported by the grants No.82370912 from the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNo.2022020801010499 from the Bureau of Science and Technology of Wuhan,ChinaNo.2042023kf0231 from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘Tooth developmental anomalies are a group of disorders caused by unfavorable factors affecting the tooth development process,resulting in abnormalities in tooth number,structure,and morphology.These anomalies typically manifest during childhood,impairing dental function,maxillofacial development,and facial aesthetics,while also potentially impacting overall physical and mental health.The complex etiology and diverse clinical phenotypes of these anomalies pose significant challenges for prevention,early diagnosis,and treatment.As they usually emerge early in life,long-term management and multidisciplinary collaboration in dental care are essential.However,there is currently a lack of systematic clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions,adding to the difficulties in clinical practice.In response to this need,this expert consensus summarizes the classifications,etiology,typical clinical manifestations,and diagnostic criteria of tooth developmental anomalies based on current clinical evidence.It also provides prevention strategies and stage-specific clinical management recommendations to guide clinicians in diagnosis and treatment,promoting early intervention and standardized care for these anomalies.
文摘With the intensification of population aging,knee and hip joint replacement surgeries have become core methods for treating end-stage joint diseases,with over a million cases performed globally each year.Postoperative rehabilitation nursing,as a crucial aspect of enhancing surgical outcomes,reducing complications,and facilitating patients’return to normal life,has its scientific and effective protocols directly influencing patient prognosis.This article systematically reviews the core research findings on rehabilitation nursing after joint replacement surgery based on the concept of evidence-based medicine,aiming to provide references for the formulation of standardized and personalized rehabilitation nursing plans in clinical settings.
基金supported by the Nature Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,Nos.2022-MS-211,2021-MS-064,and 2024-MS-048(all to YC).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease,a devastating neurodegenerative disorder,is characterized by progressive cognitive decline,primarily due to amyloid-beta protein deposition and tau protein phosphorylation.Effectively reducing the cytotoxicity of amyloid-beta42 aggregates and tau oligomers may help slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.Conventional drugs,such as donepezil,can only alleviate symptoms and are not able to prevent the underlying pathological processes or cognitive decline.Currently,active and passive immunotherapies targeting amyloid-beta and tau have shown some efficacy in mice with asymptomatic Alzheimer’s disease and other transgenic animal models,attracting considerable attention.However,the clinical application of these immunotherapies demonstrated only limited efficacy before the discovery of lecanemab and donanemab.This review first discusses the advancements in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and active and passive immunotherapies targeting amyloid-beta and tau proteins.Furthermore,it reviews the advantages and disadvantages of various immunotherapies and considers their future prospects.Although some antibodies have shown promise in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease,substantial clinical data are still lacking to validate their effectiveness in individuals with moderate Alzheimer’s disease.
文摘Rabies is a zoonotic disease with an estimated global mortality of 59,000 people annually and a burden of more than 3.7 million disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)that is caused by a neurotropic lyssavirus[1].Dogs are the primary source of human rabies,as more than 95%of human cases can be traced to dogs[2,3].China faces a substantial burden of rabies,having endured three major human rabies epidemics,which occurred in the 1950s,1981,and 2007[4].Implementation of various prevention and control measures has decreased the number of human rabies cases from 3,300 in 2007 to 167 in 2024.In China.
基金supported by the award W81XWH1910309 (to HF) from the Department of Defensethe award R01-AG075092-01 (to HF)+2 种基金the award RF1AG063521 from the National Institute of Aging at the National Institutes of Healththe Neurological Research Institute Seed grant (to HF) from The Ohio State Universitythe Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (to NS) from The Ohio State University Chronic Brain Injury Discovery Theme
文摘BCL2-associated anthanogene 3 facilitates the clearance of tau protein aggregates:BCL2-associated anthanogene 3(BAG3)is a ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved multi-functional co-chaperone protein involved in many biological processes that supports cellular homeostasis,including the inhibition of apoptosis by preventing mitochondrial BAX localization(Lin et al.,2022)and the promotion of the degradation of hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates by its interactions with SQSTM1(p62)(Hamano and Mutoh,2022).
基金funded by the Arab Open University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Deepfake is a sort of fake media made by advanced AI methods like Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs).Deepfake technology has many useful uses in education and entertainment,but it also raises a lot of ethical,social,and security issues,such as identity theft,the dissemination of false information,and privacy violations.This study seeks to provide a comprehensive analysis of several methods for identifying and circumventing Deepfakes,with a particular focus on image-based Deepfakes.There are three main types of detection methods:classical,machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)-based,and hybrid methods.There are three main types of preventative methods:technical,legal,and moral.The study investigates the effectiveness of several detection approaches,such as convolutional neural networks(CNNs),frequency domain analysis,and hybrid CNN-LSTM models,focusing on the respective advantages and disadvantages of each method.We also look at new technologies like Explainable Artificial Intelligence(XAI)and blockchain-based frameworks.The essay looks at the use of algorithmic protocols,watermarking,and blockchain-based content verification as possible ways to stop certain things from happening.Recent advancements,including adversarial training and anti-Deepfake data generation,are essential because of their potential to alleviate rising concerns.This reviewshows that there aremajor problems,such as the difficulty of improving the capabilities of existing systems,the high running expenses,and the risk of being attacked by enemies.It stresses the importance of working together across fields,including academia,business,and government,to create robust,scalable,and ethical solutions.Themain goals of futurework should be to create lightweight,real-timedetection systems,connect them to large language models(LLMs),and put in place worldwide regulatory frameworks.This essay argues for a complete and varied plan to keep digital information real and build confidence in a time when media is driven by artificial intelligence.It uses both technical and non-technical means.
文摘Healthy life expectancy is a pivotal measure of population health by integrating both life expectancy and the quality of years lived.A significant increase in life expectancy was evident in most populations during the past decades worldwide[1],but the growth in healthy life expectancy has generally lagged behind[2].China has made substantial strides in enhancing both life expectancy and healthy life expectancy.
文摘The rise of the aging population parallels the rapidly increasing cases of neurological disorders. This puts pressure on scientists and physicians to find novel methods that can prevent and treat neurodegeneration. The brain is made up of a complex network of different cell types that work in tandem to maintain systemic homeostasis.
基金supported by a project entitled Loess Plateau Region-Watershed-Slope Geological Hazard Multi-Scale Collaborative Intelligent Early Warning System of the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3003404)a project of the Shaanxi Youth Science and Technology Star(2021KJXX-87)public welfare geological survey projects of Shaanxi Institute of Geologic Survey(20180301,201918,202103,and 202413)。
文摘This study developed a modeling methodology for statistical optimization-based geologic hazard susceptibility assessment,aiming to enhance the comprehensive performance and classification accuracy of the assessment models.First,the cumulative probability method revealed that a low probability(15%)of geologic hazards between any two geologic hazard points occurred outside a buffer zone with a radius of 2297 m(i.e.,the distance threshold).The training dataset was established,consisting of negative samples(non-hazard points)randomly generated based on the distance threshold,positive samples(i.e.,historical hazards),and 13 conditioning factors.Then,models were built using five machine learning algorithms,namely random forest(RF),gradient boosting decision tree(GBDT),naive Bayes(NB),logistic regression(LR),and support vector machine(SVM).The comprehensive performance of the models was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)and overall accuracy(OA)as indicators,revealing that RF exhibited the best performance,with OA and AUC values of 2.7127 and 0.981,respectively.Furthermore,the machine learning models constructed by considering the distance threshold outperformed those built using the unoptimized dataset.The characteristic factors were ranked using the mutual information method,with their scores decreasing in the order of rainfall(0.1616),altitude(0.06),normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI;0.04),and distance from roads(0.03).Finally,the geologic hazard susceptibility classification was assessed using the natural breaks method combined with a clustering algorithm.The results indicate that the clustering algorithm exhibited higher classification accuracy than the natural breaks method.The findings of this study demonstrate that the proposed model optimization scheme can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of geologic hazards.
文摘As a critical department ensuring the sterility of hospital instruments,the Sterile Supply Center(SSC)directly impacts the sterility status of clinical instruments through its sterilization qualification rate.Geriatric patients,due to physiological decline and compromised immune function,constitute a high-risk group for hospital-acquired infections,with more stringent requirements for instrument sterility.This paper analyzes the current status and influencing factors of sterilization qualification rates in SSCs,explores the mechanistic association between sterilization qualification rates and infections in geriatric departments,and proposes targeted strategies to improve sterilization qualification rates.It highlights the pivotal role of SSC instrument sterilization in infection prevention and control for geriatric patients,providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing SSC management,reducing infection rates in geriatric departments,and ensuring the safety of elderly patients’medical care.These findings aim to enhance overall infection management standards in hospitals.
